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Guidelines for the Forensic Analysis of Drugs Facilitating Sexual Assault and Other Criminal Acts
Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel.: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org Guidelines for the Forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts United Nations publication Printed in Austria ST/NAR/45 *1186331*V.11-86331—December 2011 —300 Photo credits: UNODC Photo Library, iStock.com/Abel Mitja Varela Laboratory and Scientific Section UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Guidelines for the forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 ST/NAR/45 © United Nations, December 2011. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. List of abbreviations . v Acknowledgements .......................................... vii 1. Introduction............................................. 1 1.1. Background ........................................ 1 1.2. Purpose and scope of the manual ...................... 2 2. Investigative and analytical challenges ....................... 5 3 Evidence collection ...................................... 9 3.1. Evidence collection kits .............................. 9 3.2. Sample transfer and storage........................... 10 3.3. Biological samples and sampling ...................... 11 3.4. Other samples ...................................... 12 4. Analytical considerations .................................. 13 4.1. Substances encountered in DFSA and other DFC cases .... 13 4.2. Procedures and analytical strategy...................... 14 4.3. Analytical methodology .............................. 15 4.4. -
Exploring Matrix Effects on Binding Properties and Characterization of Cotinine Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on Paper-Based Scaffold
Article Exploring Matrix Effects on Binding Properties and Characterization of Cotinine Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on Paper-Based Scaffold Nutcha Larpant 1, Yaneenart Suwanwong 2, Somchai Boonpangrak 3 and Wanida Laiwattanapaisal 4,5,* 1 Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] 2 Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] 3 Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; [email protected] 4 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 5 Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 January 2019; Accepted: 20 March 2019; Published: 26 March 2019 Abstract: Commercially available sorbent materials for solid-phase extraction are widely used in analytical laboratories. However, non-selective binding is a major obstacle for sample analysis. To overcome this problem, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were used as selective adsorbent materials prior to determining target analysts. In this study, the use of non-covalent molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for cotinine adsorption on a paper-based scaffold was studied. Fiberglass paper was used as a paper scaffold for cotinine-selective MIP adsorption with the use of 0.5% agarose gel. The effects of salt, pH, sample matrix, and solvent on the cotinine adsorption and extraction process were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the adsorption isotherm of synthesized MIPs increased to 125.41 µg/g, whereas the maximum adsorption isotherm of non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) was stable at 42.86 µg/g. -
NINDS Custom Collection II
ACACETIN ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ACECLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ACEMETACIN ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAMINOSALOL ACETANILIDE ACETARSOL ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID ACETRIAZOIC ACID ACETYL TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER ACETYLCARNITINE ACETYLCHOLINE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE ACETYLGLUTAMIC ACID ACETYL-L-LEUCINE ACETYLPHENYLALANINE ACETYLSEROTONIN ACETYLTRYPTOPHAN ACEXAMIC ACID ACIVICIN ACLACINOMYCIN A1 ACONITINE ACRIFLAVINIUM HYDROCHLORIDE ACRISORCIN ACTINONIN ACYCLOVIR ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE ADENOSINE ADRENALINE BITARTRATE AESCULIN AJMALINE AKLAVINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALANYL-dl-LEUCINE ALANYL-dl-PHENYLALANINE ALAPROCLATE ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALLANTOIN ALLOPURINOL ALMOTRIPTAN ALOIN ALPRENOLOL ALTRETAMINE ALVERINE CITRATE AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AMCINONIDE AMIKACIN SULFATE AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-AMINOBENZAMIDE gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID AMINOCAPROIC ACID N- (2-AMINOETHYL)-4-CHLOROBENZAMIDE (RO-16-6491) AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOHIPPURIC ACID AMINOHYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOPHENAZONE 3-AMINOPROPANESULPHONIC ACID AMINOPYRIDINE 9-AMINO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOTHIAZOLE AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIPRILOSE AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AMODIAQUINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AMOXEPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPICILLIN SODIUM AMPROLIUM AMRINONE AMYGDALIN ANABASAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANABASINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANDROSTERONE SODIUM SULFATE ANIRACETAM ANISINDIONE ANISODAMINE ANISOMYCIN ANTAZOLINE PHOSPHATE ANTHRALIN ANTIMYCIN A (A1 shown) ANTIPYRINE APHYLLIC -
Misperceptions About Contraceptives Persist
30 Women’s Health FAMILY P RACTICE N EWS • September 1, 2008 Misperceptions About Contraceptives Persist BY DOUG BRUNK trauterine device use; 50% thought IUD (SOGC). There may be inadequate in- Oral contraceptives are also safe in women San Diego Bureau failure was a major risk; and fewer than struction with regard to contraception in older than age 35 if they are healthy non- one-third would recommend an IUD as an physician-training programs, she said. smokers, and in women with systemic lu- C ALGARY, ALTA. — Physicians may option for nulliparous women, for post- “Not everybody does IUD insertions, sub- pus erythematosus provided they have no have a surprising number of misconcep- coital contraception, for women with fi- dermal progestin implant, or vasectomy.” antiphospholipid antibodies, vascular dis- tions about birth control, according to re- broids, or for women who had pelvic in- Other barriers to effective contraceptive ease, or nephritis. cent responses to a survey by 96 family flammatory disease within the last year use include exaggerated concerns about Another common exaggerated concern physicians in Kingston, Ont. (Can. Fam. Physician 2008;54:560-6). potential side effects. For example, women is that the use of oral and transdermal Contrary to evidence in the medical lit- “Only 41% of these physicians inserted with diabetes may use oral contraceptives patch contraceptives cause weight gain. erature, more than 60% of respondents IUDs,” Dr. Amanda Black said at the an- if they have no end-organ damage, said Dr. However, a recent Cochrane systematic re- thought pelvic inflammatory disease and nual meeting of the Society of Obstetri- Black of the division of general obstetrics view of randomized, controlled data con- ectopic pregnancy were major risks of in- cians and Gynaecologists of Canada and gynecology at the Ottawa Hospital. -
Effect of Varenicline Combined with Medical Management on Alcohol Use Disorder with Comorbid Cigarette Smoking
Table of Contents I. Summary of Changes to the Statistical Plan …………………. 2. II. Summary of Changes to the Protocol………………………… 2. III. Original Protocol at Trial Initiation ………………………… 5. 1 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/28/2021 I. Summary of changes to the statistical analysis plan The original statistical analysis plan is described in the original protocol below beginning on page 20. In the original statistical analysis plan the stratification factor sex was omitted unintentionally from the primary model specification for the main outcome (percent heavy drinking days, PHDD) although sex was identified as a potential moderator in an exploratory aim. At the analysis stage, we included both stratification factors (site and sex) and their interactions with treatment in the model for PHDD consistent with prior hypothesis that men and women differ in their smoking and drinking behavior and treatment response, and with good statistical practice. Baseline percent heavy drinking days was specified as a covariate in the original analysis plan but in response to comments by the statistical reviewer was dropped as a covariate and included in the final mixed model analyses reported in the paper. In order to make the baseline and end-point measures comparable, baseline percent heavy drinking days and end-point percent heavy drinking days were both summarized over 8 week periods. This 8-week duration was pre-planned for the end-point measure but modified from the original intention to use 30 days of the baseline period. Unstructured variance-covariance matrix was used for the errors since variances at baseline and end-point were different. -
(Zolpidem) Stilnox UK/W/067/Pdws/001
Public Assessment Report for paediatric studies submitted in accordance with Article 45 of Regulation (EC) No1901/2006, as amended (Zolpidem) Stilnox UK/W/067/pdWS/001 Rapporteur: UK Finalisation procedure (day 120): 25 March 2014 Date of finalisation of PAR 02 June 2014 Zolpidem UK/W/067/pdWS/001 Page 1/35 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 4 II. RecommendatioN ............................................................................................................ 5 III. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 6 IV. SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION ............................................................................................... 6 IV.1 Information on the pharmaceutical formulation used in the clinical study(ies) ........ 6 IV.2 Non-clinical aspects ........................................................................................................ 6 IV.3 Clinical aspects .............................................................................................................. 12 IV.4 Safety Review ................................................................................................................. 21 V. MEMBER STATES Overall Conclusion AND RECOMMENDATION ........................... 34 VI. List of Medicinal products and marketing authorisation holders involved ............. 35 Page 2/35 ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION Invented -
Forensic Toxicology Laboratory Office of Chief Medical Examiner City of New York
FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY LABORATORY OFFICE OF CHIEF MEDICAL EXAMINER CITY OF NEW YORK CARISOPRODOL , MEPROBAMATE and TOPIRAMATE by SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION and GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY (Selected Ion Monitoring) PRINCIPLE Carisoprodol is a carbamate derivative first synthesized in 1959. It is primarily used as a muscle relaxant. UncontrolledMeprobamate is also a carbamate derivative used as a muscle relaxant and the primary metabolite of carisoprodol. Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide used as an anticonvulsant Carisoprodol, meprobamate and topiramate are quantitated by a selected ion monitoring (SIM) method using methapyrilene as the internal standard. Carisoprodol, meprobamate and topiramate are extracted from biological specimens by solid phase extraction. Drugs are temporarily bound to a sorbent in the solid phase cartridge as the prepared sample is poured through the column. The column is washed to remove interfering compounds, followed by elution of drugs from the column. The eluate is evaporated, reconstituted and injected in the GCMS. Quantitative analysis is performed by SIM GCMS using a six point calibration curve. SAFETY The handling of all biological specimens and reagents is performed within the guidelines which are detailed in the Safety and Health manual. Copy SPECIMEN PREPARATION The procedure is routinely applied to the following biological specimens and their aliquots unless otherwise specified: Blood 0.5 mL of the undiluted specimen Urine 0.5 mL for qualitative identification Brain 0.5 mL of a 1:3 homogenate Gastric Contents 0.5 mL of a 1:10 dilution Liver 0.5 mL of a 1:5 homogenate Vitreous Humor 0.5 mL of the undiluted specimen Bile 0.5 mL of the undiluted specimen Reviewed by: Date: Page 1 of 14 T:\FINALSOP\FINAL SOP PDF\G. -
Comparison of Short-And Long-Acting Benzodiazepine-Receptor Agonists
J Pharmacol Sci 107, 277 – 284 (2008)3 Journal of Pharmacological Sciences ©2008 The Japanese Pharmacological Society Full Paper Comparison of Short- and Long-Acting Benzodiazepine-Receptor Agonists With Different Receptor Selectivity on Motor Coordination and Muscle Relaxation Following Thiopental-Induced Anesthesia in Mice Mamoru Tanaka1, Katsuya Suemaru1,2,*, Shinichi Watanabe1, Ranji Cui2, Bingjin Li2, and Hiroaki Araki1,2 1Division of Pharmacy, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan 2Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Neuroscience, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan Received November 7, 2007; Accepted May 15, 2008 Abstract. In this study, we compared the effects of Type I benzodiazepine receptor–selective agonists (zolpidem, quazepam) and Type I/II non-selective agonists (zopiclone, triazolam, nitrazepam) with either an ultra-short action (zolpidem, zopiclone, triazolam) or long action (quazepam, nitrazepam) on motor coordination (rota-rod test) and muscle relaxation (traction test) following the recovery from thiopental-induced anesthesia (20 mg/kg) in ddY mice. Zolpidem (3 mg/kg), zopiclone (6 mg/kg), and triazolam (0.3 mg/kg) similarly caused an approximately 2-fold prolongation of the thiopental-induced anesthesia. Nitrazepam (1 mg/kg) and quazepam (3 mg/kg) showed a 6- or 10-fold prolongation of the anesthesia, respectively. Zolpidem and zopiclone had no effect on the rota-rod and traction test. Moreover, zolpidem did not affect motor coordination and caused no muscle relaxation following the recovery from the thiopental-induced anesthesia. However, zopiclone significantly impaired the motor coordination at the beginning of the recovery. Triazolam significantly impaired the motor coordination and muscle relaxant activity by itself, and these impairments were markedly exacerbated after the recovery from anesthesia. -
Metabolism of Drugs in Old Rats (Ii) Metabolism in Vivo and Effect of Drugs in Old Rats
METABOLISM OF DRUGS IN OLD RATS (II) METABOLISM IN VIVO AND EFFECT OF DRUGS IN OLD RATS RYUICHI KATO AND AKIRA TAKANAKA Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Received for publication March 16, 1968 It is well known that the effects of some drugs in old animals quite differ from those in young animals. For example, Farner and Verzar (1) observed that the action of am phetamine to increase moter activity was more marked in young rats than in old rats and the action of hexobarbital to antagonized against the amphetamine action was more ef fective in old rats than in young rats. Moreover, the duration of hexobarbital anesthesia was longer in old rats than in young rats (2). Similarly, Petty and Karler (3) observed that anticonvulsive activity of acetazolamide and phenobarbital was more marked in old rats than in young rats. However, there is no study on the mechanism of such altered drug response in rela tion to the rate of drug metabolism. In a previous paper it was reported from our labo ratory that the activities in the oxidation and reduction of drugs and NADPH-linked elec tron transport system in liver microsomes of male and female rats were progressively decreased with aging (4). It is, therefore, of interest to investigate whether or not the metabolism in vivoof vari ous drugs is decreased in old rats in accordance with the decrease in the metabolic activi ties of liver microsomes observed in the in vitro experiments. Moreover, the relationship between the effects of drugs and the rate of in vivo metabolism of drugs in the old rats was studied. -
OPRM1 Genetic Polymorphisms Are Associated with the Plasma Nicotine Metabolite Cotinine Concentration in Methadone Maintenance Patients: a Cross Sectional Study
Journal of Human Genetics (2013) 58, 84–90 & 2013 The Japan Society of Human Genetics All rights reserved 1434-5161/13 www.nature.com/jhg ORIGINAL ARTICLE OPRM1 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the plasma nicotine metabolite cotinine concentration in methadone maintenance patients: a cross sectional study Yu-Ting Chen1, Hsiao-Hui Tsou2, Hsiang-Wei Kuo1, Chiu-Ping Fang1, Sheng-Chang Wang1, Ing-Kang Ho1,3,4, Yao-Sheng Chang1, Chia-Hui Chen1, Chin-Fu Hsiao2, Hsiao-Yu Wu2, Keh-Ming Lin1, Andrew CH Chen5, Jyy-Jih Tsai-Wu6 and Yu-Li Liu1,7,8 Majority of the heroin-dependent patients smoke cigarettes. Although it has been reported that the OPRM1 genetic polymorphism is associated with the brain mu-opioid receptor binding potential in cigarette smokers, there is no direct evidence showing the impact of plasma cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, on treatment responses to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the genetic polymorphisms in the OPRM1 are associated with the methadone treatment responses and the severity of cigarette smoking directly measured by the plasma concentration of cotinine in a Taiwanese MMT cohort. Fifteen OPRM1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped on DNA samples of 366 MMT patients. Plasma concentrations of cotinine were measured by cotinine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The plasma cotinine concentration had positive correlation with concentrations of methadone (P ¼ 0.042) and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-pyrrolidine (P ¼ 0.037). Methadone treatment non-responders, defined by a positive urine morphine test, had a higher plasma concentration of cotinine (P ¼ 0.005), but a lower plasma concentration-to- dose ratio of both R- and S-methadone (P ¼ 0.001 and 0.012, respectively) than the responders. -
Assessment of Molecular Action of Direct Gating and Allosteric Modulatory Effects of Carisoprodol (Somartm) on GABA a Receptors
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2015 Assessment of molecular action of direct gating and allosteric modulatory effects of carisoprodol (SomaRTM) on GABA A receptors Manoj Kumar Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Kumar, Manoj, "Assessment of molecular action of direct gating and allosteric modulatory effects of carisoprodol (SomaRTM) on GABA A receptors" (2015). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6022. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6022 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ASSESSMENT OF MOLECULAR ACTION OF DIRECT GATING AND ALLOSTERIC MODULATORY EFFECTS OF MEPROBAMATE (MILTOWN®) ON GABAA RECEPTORS Manish Kumar, MD, MS Dissertation submitted to the School of Pharmacy at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of Requirements -
Open PDF File, 64.59 KB, for Carisoprodol Letter
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office of Health and Human Services Office of Medicaid 600 Washington Street Boston, MA 02111 MITT ROMNEY TIMOTHY MURPHY Secretary Governor KERRY HEALEY BETH WALDMAN Medicaid Director Lieutenant Governor September 1, 2005 Dear Prescriber: As of October 3, 2005, all products containing carisoprodol will require prior authorization when prescribed for MassHealth members. This change reflects MassHealth’s and the Drug Utilization Review (DUR) Board’s review of carisoprodol. Carisoprodol has shown limited efficacy in the relief of acute pain associated with musculoskeletal conditions, as an adjunct to rest, physical therapy, and other measures. Carisoprodol does not act directly on the skeletal muscles, but its effects are thought to be related to its sedative properties. Carisoprodol is metabolized to meprobamate, a Schedule IV anxiolytic with a known potential for abuse. According to data collected by the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), a surveillance system operated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, carisoprodol had a similar abuse pattern to meprobamate. Carisoprodol abuse was often identified in combination with other drugs of abuse such as benzodiazepines, opioid analgesics, alcohol and barbiturates*. Carisoprodol abuse can lead to seizures, coma, and death. The MassHealth Drug List can be found at www.mass.gov/druglist. We would encourage you to review the site because it provides valuable information about the pharmacy benefit for MassHealth members. Specifically, the List lets you know which drugs require prior authorization in the MassHealth program and provides other useful clinical information. We also encourage you to use the MassHealth Web site to subscribe to our service that will automatically send you e-mail alerts when the MassHealth Drug List is updated.