FEBRUARY 2013 VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 STORM DATA

AND UNUSUAL WEATHER PHENOMENA WITH LATE REPORTS AND CORRECTIONS

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION noaa NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE, DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICE NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER, ASHEVILLE, NC Cover: This cover represents a few weather conditions such as snow, hurricanes, tornadoes, heavy rain and flooding that may occur in any given location any month of the year. (Photos courtesy of NCDC)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena...... …….…....…………...…...... …...... 3 Reference Notes...... ……...... ………...... …..….…...... 194

STORM DATA (ISSN 0039-1972) National Climatic Data Center Editor: Rhonda Herndon

STORM DATA is prepared, and distributed by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

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Thomas R. Karl Director, National Climatic Data Center

2 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Central

ALZ021-028-035> Autauga - Barbour - Bullock - Chambers - Chilton - Clay - Cleburne - Coosa - Elmore - Lee - Macon - 038-041-043>050 Montgomery - Pike - Randolph - Russell - Tallapoosa 01 0000CST 12 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Although many counties in the southeast portion of Central Alabama began the month in drought conditions, widespread rainfall during the first half of February greatly improved these conditions. Rainfall totals of at least 5 inches fell in a two day period on February 11th and 12th, providing much needed relief to these drought stricken areas. Monthly totals ranging from 10 to 13 inches across this area helped to improve conditions even more and therefore, by the end of February no county in Central Alabama was experiencing drought conditions.

Marengo County 2 ESE Anopia 12 1545CST 1945CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Heavy rainfall in a short period of time led to high soil moisture content. This caused a land slide to occur at mile mark 68 on Alabama Highway 69 just south of Lindon. The road had to be closed due to the pavement caving in. Additionally, County Road 11 in Myrtlewood had to be closed due to minor street flooding below 6 inches.

A surface front moved southward across Central Alabama on February 11th before stalling to our south. This front lifted slightly northward as a warm front and remained in place for several days. Meanwhile, upper level impulses moved across the state, helping to aid in thunderstorm develop. This setup led to a two day period of heavy rainfall, with rainfall totals of 2 to 5 inches across much of the area. While the rainfall fell over the course of several days and no flash flooding occurred, a couple of locations in Marengo County experience problems due to the heavy rain.

ALABAMA, North

ALZ001 Lauderdale 02 0615CST 0728CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Sleet

02 0650CST 0750CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ALZ005-009>010 Dekalb - Jackson - Limestone - Madison 02 0710CST 0950CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A fast moving upper level storm system brought a quick burst of light to moderate snow, sleet and freezing rain to the area. Snowfall amounts ranged from a dusting to a half of an inch. The sleet and freezing rain occurrences produced a light glaze of ice on area roads.

ALZ006 Madison 18 2044CST 2045CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Ahead of a cold front, locally windy conditions across north Alabama produced isolated non-thunderstorm wind damage in Madison county, Alabama.

25 2217CST 26 0030CST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

ALZ008 Marshall 25 2350CST 26 0200CST 0 0 35.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

ALZ009-010 Dekalb - Jackson 26 0030CST 0700CST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

3 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, North

A suspected wake low / gravity wave developed behind a band of rain showers in the midst of strong winds just above. The suspected gravity wave immediately behind this band of rain, produced a brief period of strong winds which resulted in mainly minor damage across portions of north central and northeast Alabama. The winds occurred between 10:30 pm CST on the 25th through 2:00 am CST on the 26th. Measured wind gusts ranging from 41 to 49 mph were reported in Madison and Marshall Counties, but gusts were likely higher around the damage locations.

ALABAMA, Southeast

ALZ065>069 Coffee - Dale - Geneva - Henry - Houston 01 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought 19 Heavy rainfall brought the drought to end across southeast Alabama during the middle of the month.

Coffee County Jack 10 1930CST Mixson Crossroads 1945CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down across the northern half of the county. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Dale County Hanchey Field 10 2010CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

Dale County Ozark 10 2010CST Midland City 2030CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees and power lines were blown down across the county. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Henry County 6 NW Abbeville 10 2020CST Shorterville 2040CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees and power lines were blown down across the county. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Geneva County Geneva 11 0015CST Hartford 0025CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Scattered trees were blown down across the county. Monetary damage was estimated.

As a cold front moved south into the region and stalled, a series of upper level disturbances moved through the area with broad southwest flow and moist conditions. As the boundary became oriented parallel to the upper level winds, training bands of convection set up, particularly across Geneva and Houston counties where significant flash flooding occurred. Rainfall amounts of 8-10 inches occurred in some areas. A few strong to severe storms also occurred. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Houston County Dothan 11 0820CST 1420CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water flowed into the garage of a residence in the Lavor Hills subdivision in Dothan. There was also flooding of low lying areas and some roads ongoing. Monetary damage was estimated.

4 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southeast Geneva County 3 SE Geneva 11 0827CST 1530CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

There was 8 feet of water in the basement of Wiregrass Hospital with numerous roads closed around the county due to flash flooding. Water was up to the depth of car bumpers in Geneva.

Geneva County 3 NW Malvern 11 0827CST 1427CST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water entered homes on College Street in Malvern. Monetary damage was estimated.

Geneva County 3 NE Slocomb 11 1100CST 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water was running over roads around Slocomb up to the depth of car bumpers. This was reported by WDHN-TV via facebook.

Houston County 3 W Ardilla 11 1100CST 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water at a depth of approximately 1 foot was flowing past a house on Blackman Road south of Dothan. This report was obtained from a video from the Dothan Eagle Newspaper.

Geneva County 3 NW Hartford 11 1200CST 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water affected homes in and around Hartford up to a depth of 1 to 2 feet in spots. This report was obtained via WDHN-TV's facebook photos and comments.

Houston County 3 NW Ashford 11 1200CST 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WDHN-TV reported that water affected homes near Ashford. Geneva County 1 ENE Marl 11 1300CST 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A picture from the Dothan Eagle newspaper confirmed that water from a creek was running over a bridge on Sandy Creek Road.

Geneva County Malvern 11 1300CST 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water was running over Shiver Road near the Geneva-Houston county line and also affecting nearby fields.

Coffee County Turner Crossroads 11 1530CST 3 WSW Camp Humming Hills 12 0000CST 0 0 60.00K 0.00K Flood

Coffee county sustained around $50K of damage due to flooding of some county roads and an additional $10K of damage due to flooding of some roads in New Brockton.

Geneva County Lowery 11 1530CST Hacoda 12 0000CST 0 0 2.40M 0.00K Flood

Flash flooding transitioned to widespread areal flooding across the county with numerous roads and bridges damaged. Emergency management estimated damage in the county at $2.4 million. $1 million of that total was for a single bridge, and the other $1.4 million was due to road damage.

5 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southeast Houston County Wicksburg 11 1530CST Peterman 12 0000CST 0 0 760.00K 0.00K Flood

Flash flooding transitioned to widespread areal flooding across the county with numerous roads and bridges damaged. Emergency management estimated damage in the county at $760,000, all due to road damage.

As a cold front moved south into the region and stalled, a series of upper level disturbances moved through the area with broad southwest flow and moist conditions. As the boundary became oriented parallel to the upper level winds, training bands of convection set up and produced some locally heavy rainfall and flash flooding.

Houston County 1 WNW Pleasant Plains 22 2129CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

County Road 22 at 55 was closed due to flash flooding. Houston County 2 E Brannon Stand 22 2157CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WWNT Radio reported that a portion of Whatley Drive was closed due to high water with barricades.

Houston County 1 WNW Smyrna 22 2200CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WWNT Radio 1450 AM reported that the 4300 block of Columbia Highway was closed due to flooding.

Geneva County 2 ESE Lytle 22 2224CST 1 W Vaughanville 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Numerous roads were closed around Geneva county due to flooding. Flood waters were rising in portions of the city of Geneva and approaching a couple of residences.

Houston County 1 N Taylor 22 2245CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WTVY reported that Taylor Road at Frienship Lane was closed due to flooding.

Houston County 1 ESE Pearce 22 2245CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WTVY reported that Cedar Springs Road at Ebenezer Road was closed due to flooding.

Houston County 1 SE Pearce 22 2245CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WTVY reported that Cedar Spring Road at King Road was closed due to flooding.

Houston County 2 SE Power Dam Road 22 2245CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WTVY reported that Hubbard Road near Highway 84 was closed due to flooding.

6 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southeast Houston County 2 NE Wicksburg 22 2245CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WTVY reported that Cumbie Road at County Line was closed due to flooding.

Houston County 1 NE Peterman 22 2245CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WTVY reported that Fortner Road at Bob Hall Road was closed due to flooding.

Houston County 1 SW Dothan 22 2309CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WWNT Radio 1450 AM reported that the 600-800 block of Selma Street was closed due to water over the road.

Houston County 3 SW Dothan 22 2309CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WWNT Radio 1450 AM reported that the 100 block of Moore Road was closed due to water over the road.

Houston County 2 S Kelly Springs 22 2309CST 23 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

WWNT Radio 1450 AM reported that the 800 block of Deerpath Road was closed due to water over the road.

Geneva County Hartford 23 0900CST 1115CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A driveway was washed out and blocked Slocomb Road at Highway 52 East. Monetary damage was estimated.

Houston County Dothan 23 0900CST 2 SSW Ashford 1115CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Multiple road were closed due to flash flood damage. The bulk of the road closures were from near Dothan southeastward through Ashford to Gordon. Some roads include Bruner Pond, Fowler, Womack, Pineview, and Turnpike. Monetary damage was estimated. A series of upper level disturbance rotating around a mean longwave trough west of the area brought copious amounts of moisture into the area. The KTAE rawinsonde sounding on the evening of February 22nd measured a PWAT value of 1.77 inches, which was the 2nd highest PWAT observed during the month of February at that location. Rainfall amounts between 4 and 10 inches were observed during the 5 day period between Feb 22-26. This led to areas of flooding.

ALABAMA, Southwest Washington County 5 S Bigbee 10 1700CST 4 N St Stephens 1710CST 6.5 200 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down in a deeply wooded area west of County Road 34 in eastern Washington county. The tornado quickly intensified to EF-1 strength as it crossed County Road 34 damaging the roofs of a few homes and blowing down numerous pine trees. The tornado continued northeast across the Tombigbee river crossing into Clarke County.

7 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southwest Clarke County 3 SW Salitpa 10 1710CST 2 SSW Winn 1719CST 7.75 200 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down in a deeply wooded area west of County Road 34 in eastern Washington county. The tornado quickly intensified to EF-1 strength as it crossed County Road 34 damaging the roofs of a few homes and blowing down numerous pine trees. The tornado continued northeast across the Tombigbee river crossing into Clarke County where it produced damage on old lock road to 3 wood frame homes (blowing one off of its masonry block foundation)... rolling one single wide mobile home over onto its side...and blowing another single wide mobile home off of its blocks. The tornado continued east across highway 69 snapping several pine trees. The tornado then dissipated in a deeply wooded area east of highway 69 before reaching U.S. Highway 43 north of Jackson. A second brief tornado formed from this same thunderstorm a short distance farther southeast near Highway 43 (see Antioch tornado with this event).

Clarke County 4 ESE Winn 10 1726CST 1727CST 0.91 80 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

This very brief tornado touched down just east of U.S. Highway 43 north of Jackson near Camp Maubila Road. In this area the tornado peeled back the roof panels of a metal shed... snapped several pine trees mid trunk. The tornado paralleled highway 43 for its short life...dissipating in a wooded area just east of Highway 43.

Clarke County Coffeeville 10 1800CST 1802CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Large haul along with trees down. Clarke County Grove Hill 10 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Storm total rainfall of 5.36 inches. Clarke County Grove Hill 11 0000CST 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Storm total rainfall of 6.5 inches recorded at the county EMA office.

Clarke County 2 NNE Thomasville 11 0100CST 0600CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rain caused roads to be washed out in Thomasville.

8 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southwest Clarke County 2 W Scyrene 11 0100CST 4 NE Winn 0600CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rains caused several roads to be washed out in portions of the county.

Clarke County Thomasville 11 0230CST 0232CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Winds estimated at 70 mph caused damage to two houses. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Monroe County Monroeville 11 0700CST 3 SE Finchburg 1200CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rains caused flooding in many areas with water around 2 houses.

Thunderstorms developed ahead of an approaching cold front. Some of the thunderstorms became severe with damaging winds and tornadoes. The storms also produced very heavy rain which caused flash flooding.

Mobile County 4 SW Mobile Bates Fld 25 0315CST 0316CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Lightning

Lightning struck a shed and caused a fire. Mobile County 2 E (MOB)Mobile Bates Fl 25 2016CST 2316CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rains caused minor street flooding near intersection of Airport blvd. and Foreman Road.

Thunderstorms produced heavy rain and lightning.

ALASKA, Northern

AKZ213 St Lawrence Island Bering Strait 04 1456AKS 05 1850AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Strong high pressure over Russia and low pressure in the Gulf of Alaska produced blizzard conditions on Saint Lawrence Island and the Bering Strait from 1456AKST on the 4th through 1850AKST on the 5th. The visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less at Gambell. There was a peak wind gust of 41 kt (47 mph) at the Gambell AWOS. Blizzard conditions were also observed at Wales on the afternoon of the 5th. The visibility was reduced to one quarter mile or less. There was a peak wind gust of 39kt (45 mph) at the Wales AWOS.

10 1943AKS 11 0329AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Strong high pressure over Russia and low pressure over the Seward Peninsula produced blizzard conditions along the Bering Strait during the evening hours of the 10th through the early morning hours of the 11th. The visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less. There was a peak wind gust of 55 kt (63 mph) at the Teller AWOS. Blizzard conditions were also observed at Wales. The visibility was reduced to one quarter mile or less. There was a peak wind gust of 43kt (50 mph) at the Wales AWOS.

AKZ215 Lower Yukon Valley 13 2356AKS 14 2336AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

9 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Northern

An inverted surface trough of low pressure extended north into the Lower Koyukuk and Middle Yukon Valley from a 982 mb low in the northern Gulf of Alaska at 0600AKST on the morning of the 14th. The low moved north and weakened to 994 mb in the western interior by 2300AKST on the 14th. Heavy snowfall was observed in parts of the lower and middle Yukon Valleys. Zone 215: Approximately 8 inches of snow was observed at the Anvik tribal Office. The snow continued through the morning on the 14th and tapered off during the afternoon.

AKZ201 Western Arctic Coast 20 0756AKS 1556AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

A strong 1042 mb high pressure center over the Arctic Ocean produced strong winds along the North Slope. Temperatures of 25 to 35 below zero combined with a northeast wind of around 15 mph to produce wind chills as low as 64 below at the Point Lay AWSS.

AKZ203-206 Central Beaufort Sea Coast - North Brooks Range east of Colville River

21 0913AKS 23 0736AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

A strong 1045 mb high pressure center over the Arctic Ocean produced strong winds along the North Slope. Temperatures of 30 to 45 below zero combined with a northeast wind of around 15 mph to produce wind chills as low as 64 below at the Nuiqsut ASOS in zone 203. A wind chill of 72 below was recorded at the Anaktuvuk Pass AWOS in zone 206.

AKZ204 Eastern Beaufort Sea Coast 22 1601AKS 23 1001AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

A strong 1045 mb high pressure center over the Arctic Ocean produced moderate winds along the North Slope. Temperatures around 25 below zero combined with a northeast wind of around 25 mph to produce wind chills as low as 64 below at the Barter Island AWSS on the afternoon of the 22nd through the morning of the 23rd.

AKZ201-203 Central Beaufort Sea Coast - Western Arctic Coast 23 0708AKS 1653AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Strong high pressure over the Arctic Ocean and low pressure in the Bering Strait produced blizzard conditions at a few locations along the Arctic Coast during the 23rd. At Wainwright in zone 201, the visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less. There was a peak wind gust of 36 kt (41 mph) at the Wainwright ASOS. At Deadhorse in zone 203, the visibility was reduced to one-quarter mile in blowing snow, with winds gusting around 35 mph at times.

28 0542AKS 2056AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Strong high pressure over Russia and low pressure over Alaska produced blizzard conditions on the western Arctic Coast on the 28th. At Point Lay, the visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less. There was a peak wind gust of 45kt (52 mph) at the Point Lay AWSS.

ALASKA, Southeast

AKZ017 Cape Fairweather to Cape Suckling Coastal Area 17 0826AKS 18 0000AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Relatively cooler air in the low 30s persisted for the Yakutat Forelands on Sunday 2/17 as warm moist air moved over the area from the SW. A complex frontal system moved into the eastern Gulf of Alaska on the evening of 2/17 which provided additional lift for the moisture. Yakutat measured 9.9 inches of new snowfall mainly on the afternoon of 2/17. The snow changed to snow mixed with rain on the morning of 2/18. Due to the warmer temperatures, the snow compacted rapidly and was difficult to remove.

10 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Southern AKZ195 Pribilof Islands 02 1618AKS 03 1453AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong low in the just south of the Eastern Aleutian Islands set up a stationary frontal boundary over the Eastern Bering Sea and the Pribilof Islands from the afternoon of February 2 through the afternoon of February 3rd. This produced Blizzard conditions over both St Paul Island and St George Island.

AKZ191 Western Aleutians 05 1356AKS 1756AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

AKZ195 Pribilof Islands 06 0938AKS 1653AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A North Pacific low rapidly deepened from 981 MB at 00Z on February 5th to 950 MB by 18Z on February 5th. This storm then maintained strength in the lower to mid 950 mb range through 00Z on February 7th. The occluded front associated with this low first brought blizzard conditions to the Western Aleutians and then to the Pribilof Islands the next day.

AKZ125 Western Prince William Sound & Kenai Mountains 07 0948AKS 1729AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A warm front pushed northward along the Eastern Kenai Peninsula and through Prince William Sound on February 7th. This brought Blizzard Conditions to the Portage area during the day on February 7th. By late in the afternoon the front had passed through the region and winds quickly diminished.

AKZ131-181-191- Alaska Peninsula - Northeastern Prince William Sound - Pribilof Islands - Western Aleutians 195 09 0535AKS 1335AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

AKZ101 Anchorage Muni to Bird Creek 09 1050AKS 1220AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A low analyzed at 962 mb and over 500 miles south of the Alaska Peninsula the afternoon of February 8th moved northward and over the Alaska Peninsula at 969 MB by the afternoon on February 9th. It then elongated over southwest Alaska and developed a secondary low near Norton Sound the morning of February 10th. In the Gulf of Alaska the front associated with this low was occluding as it moved northward. As this occluded front moved on shore along the North Gulf Coast it brought strong winds through Turnagain Arm and to higher elevations in the Chugach and Kenai Mountains. Transportable snow in Thompson Pass allowed blizzard conditions to develop in the strong winds. As this system moved through the area it caused Winter Storm conditions to develop in multiple zones from the Pribilof Islands to Thompson Pass near Valdez. That is a distance of nearly 900 miles and warnings were in effect at one time or another for almost this entire distance as the storm progressed. The southwest Alaska coast blizzard warnings did not verify due to the short duration of the blowing snow. However there were numerous locations that did receive a short period of white out conditions in the Kuskokwim Delta region.

AKZ195 Pribilof Islands 17 1753AKS 18 0653AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A triple point low south of the Central Aleutian Islands the afternoon of Sunday, February 17 rapidly strengthened as it moved northward into the Bering Sea. In 24 hours it deepened 30 mb from 988 mb Sunday afternoon to 958 mb on Monday afternoon. The occluded front associated with this low approached the Pribilof Islands and produced blizzard conditions. Aside from the Pribilof Islands, the brunt of this strong storm remained over the Bering Sea and did not move over land.

AKZ131 Northeastern Prince William Sound 18 0100AKS 0500AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

11 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Southern

High pressure in the interior of the state and low pressure in the Gulf of Alaska produced strong winds through Thompson Pass near Valdez. Falling and recently fallen snow provided the source of the blowing snow that reached blizzard conditions.

AKZ161 Bristol Bay 19 1156AKS 1756AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A complex weather pattern set up over southern Alaska February 19th through 23rd where a series of triple point lows developed along the jet stream south of the Alaska Peninsula. These lows each deepened rapidly and tracked into the Northern Gulf of Alaska. These lows were generally in the 970 to 990 mb range as they impacted southern Alaska.

AKZ195 Pribilof Islands 22 1508AKS 23 1905AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A 961 mb low near the Western Aleutian Islands the morning of February 22 moved to just south of the Pribilof Islands that night and then slowly weakened as it continued to move eastward. The structure of the occluded front originating with this low was such that it kept a tight gradient over St Paul Island much longer than St George Island. This low is a separate low than the ones referenced in the episode Series of fast moving lows impacting Bristol Bay to Prince William Sound Feb 19-23.

AKZ125 Western Prince William Sound & Kenai Mountains 23 0836AKS 1136AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A complex weather pattern set up over southern Alaska February 19th through 23rd where a series of triple point lows developed along the jet stream south of the Alaska Peninsula. These lows each deepened rapidly and tracked into the Northern Gulf of Alaska. These lows were generally in the 970 to 990 mb range as they impacted southern Alaska.

AKZ181 Alaska Peninsula 25 0153AKS 1941AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strengthening low passed south of the Alaska Peninsula on February 25th as it made its way to the Gulf of Alaska. This low was analyzed between 974 and 978 mb at this time and the Alaska Peninsula was in the cold sector of the storm. This allowed strong cold air advection and dynamic lifting to increase the snow and blowing snow to blizzard conditions.

ARIZONA, Central and Northeast

AZZ004 Kaibab Plateau 08 2300MST 10 1800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

AZZ014>018-038 Eastern Mogollon Rim - Little Colorado River Valley in Apache County - Northern Gila County - Oak Creek and Sycamore Canyons - Western Mogollon Rim - White Mountains 09 0100MST 10 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An extremely cold trough of low pressure from the Pacific moved over the western United states for several days. A series of disturbances moved through this trough producing several rounds of heavy snow over northern Arizona. Some locations had a brief break in snow fall while other locations only saw periods of heavy snow between lighter periods of snow. This trough will be treated as one episode because of the difficulty in separating the events into different episodes.

12 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARIZONA, Northwest AZZ003 Northwest Deserts 20 0130MST 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Locally heavy snow fell as a strong upper level low pressure system moved through the Mojave Desert and southern Great Basin.

ARIZONA, South

AZZ504 Tucson Metro Area 12 0500MST 0700MST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

Snow accumulated across parts of southeast Arizona, including lower elevations, on February 11th. While the snow melted and roads generally dried out, frost formed on bridge decks and overpasses during the overnight hours, causing hazardous driving conditions.

AZZ503-506-511- Baboquivari Mountains - Dragoon/mule/huachuca And Santa Rita Mountains - Galiuro And Pinaleno 513>515 Mountains - Santa Catalina And Rincon Mountains - Southeast Pinal County - Tucson Metro Area - Upper Santa Cruz River And Altar Valleys 20 0900MST 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

AZZ507 Upper San Pedro River Valley 20 1300MST 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

AZZ508-512 Chiricahua Mountains - Eastern Cochise County Below 5000 Feet - Upper Gila River And Aravaipa Valleys 20 1400MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A very strong area of low pressure moved across Southeast Arizona on February 20th resulting in very low snow levels across the region. Snow levels dropped as low as 2000 feet with measurable snow at elevations 2500 feet and higher including the Tucson metro area. Many schools in southeast Arizona either closed February 20th and/or had delayed starts February 21st.

ARIZONA, Southwest

AZZ024 Southern Gila/Tonto Nf Foothills 20 0200MST 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A very cold and wet Pacific low pressure system moved into eastern Arizona during the day on February 20th and produced locally heavy snowfall down to around 3000 feet across portions of southern Gila county. Several inches of new snow fell in the Globe and Miami areas from mid morning through early afternoon, and light amounts event fell down to 2500 feet or below in the foothills and higher desert elevations on the north and east fringes of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. The snow led to the issuance of a Winter Storm Warning above 3500 feet for southern Gila county from 2 am until 8 pm.

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central

ARZ003>005-012> Baxter - Boone - Johnson - Logan - Marion - Montgomery - Newton - Pike - Polk - Pope - Scott - Searcy - 013-021>023-030- Van Buren - Yell 037>038-040>041- 01 0000CST 052 28 0559CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Periodic rain in February shaved away part of the severe drought in western Arkansas.

13 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Woodruff County 1 WNW Riverside 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Flood

Minor flooding continued along the Cache River at Patterson from a series of heavy rainfall events dating back to December, 2012. The river temporarily dropped below flood stage on February 21st at 4 AM but then rose above flood stage at 1 PM on the 21st. The river crested at 10.73 feet on February 27th.

Minor flooding continued along the Cache River at Patterson from a series of heavy rain events in the month of February.

ARZ003-012-013 Boone - Newton - Searcy 12 2000CST 13 0430CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An area of low pressure aloft moved across northern Arkansas on the evening of the 12th and early on the morning of the 13th. Light snow occurred in parts of northern Arkansas. Accumulations were smaller than they would have been otherwise, due to marginal temperatures near the ground. Most amounts were only 1/2 to 1 inch, but some of the highest elevations picked up 2 to 4 inches of snow.

Polk County 3 S Bogg Spgs 18 1405CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

Polk County Wickes 18 1415CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Montgomery County 3 SSW Mt Ida 18 1510CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail the size of quarters fell at Owley. Johnson County 2 NW Clarksville 18 1515CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Logan County 2 E Scranton 18 1536CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Montgomery County 2 NNW Caddo Gap 18 1536CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree fell across Arkansas 8. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pope County 2 S Tilly 18 1603CST 0 0 0.05K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A fence was damaged when tree limbs fell across it. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Montgomery County 2 NNE Welsh 18 1610CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail fell on Pigeon Roost Rd. Conway County Morrilton 18 1620CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Trees and power lines were blown down. About a third of Morrilton lost power.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Clark County Amity 18 1625CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A large tree was blown down onto Arkansas 84. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

14 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Conway County Plumerville 18 1630CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees and power lines were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Saline County Paron 18 1636CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hot Spring County 1 N Bismarck 18 1636CST 3 W De Roche 1643CST 0 0 75.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Barns and sheds were damaged or destroyed, a carport was blown away, shingles were blown off roofs, and trees and power lines were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

A shop building was badly damaged by a severe thunderstorm 2.5 miles west of De Roche, in Hot Spring County, Arkansas, on the afternoon of February 18, 2013. Photo by John Robinson, WCM, WFO Little Rock. Hot Spring County 1 ENE Bismarck 18 1638CST 0 4 175.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (78EG)

A house was destroyed when it slid off its foundation. Three vehicles were moved and one was overturned. Four people inside the house suffered injuries. One of the people ended up in the front yard. A small pool house, located only about 20 feet behind the destroyed house, had virtually no damage to it.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 78 knots is equivalent to 90 mph.

15 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central

A house was destroyed by a severe thunderstorm 1.36 miles east-northeast of Bismarck in Hot Spring County, Arkansas, on the afternoon of February 18, 2013. The house slid off its foundation. Four people in the house were injured. Photo by John Robinson, WCM, WFO Little Rock. Garland County Hot Spgs 18 1643CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hot Spring County 2 WNW Antioch 18 1646CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Several trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Clark County Okolona 18 1659CST 0 0 0.05K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Part of a tree fell onto a road, striking a vehicle and breaking its windshield. The motorist was not injured.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pulaski County 9 W Little Rock 18 1705CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Clark County 3 NE Burtsell 18 1712CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree fell on a car, but there were no injuries. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pulaski County 1 WNW (ORK)No Little Rock 18 1719CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Penny size hail fell at the National Weather Service office.

Pulaski County Sherwood 18 1721CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Pulaski County Sherwood 18 1723CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

16 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Clark County 1 WNW Summit 18 1724CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree fell onto Interstate 30, blocking one lane. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pulaski County Jacksonville 18 1727CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Pulaski County (LRF)Little Rock Afb 18 1729CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Dallas County Sparkman 18 1745CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Dallas County Sparkman 18 1745CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Several trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Lonoke County 3 S England 18 1810CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Prairie County Des Arc 18 1813CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Trees and power lines were blown down in the area around Des Arc. One house had some roofing and siding damage.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Cleveland County Rison 18 1843CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Lincoln County 2 N Relfs Bluff 18 1843CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

The approach of a cold front triggered numerous thunderstorms in Arkansas during the afternoon and early evening hours of the 18th. A number of severe storms occurred, producing damaging winds and large hail.

ARZ037-040>042 Garland - Montgomery - Polk - Scott 20 0700CST 21 1400CST 0 0 60.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

ARZ016 Independence 20 1000CST 21 2000CST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K Ice Storm

ARZ030 Logan 20 1000CST 21 1400CST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

ARZ003-012-021> Boone - Conway - Johnson - Marion - Newton - Pope - Yell 022-031-038 20 1200CST 21 1300CST 0 0 175.0K 0.00K Ice Storm

ARZ032-039 Faulkner - Perry 20 1400CST 21 1200CST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

17 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central ARZ013-023-033 Cleburne - Searcy - Van Buren - White 20 1600CST 21 1500CST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K Ice Storm

ARZ025-034-043> Jackson - Lonoke - Pulaski - Saline - Woodruff 045 20 1700CST 21 1600CST 0 0 75.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

ARZ005>007-014> Baxter - Fulton - Izard - Sharp - Stone 015 20 1900CST 0 0 155.0K 0.00K Ice Storm 21 Ouachita County 1 E Camden 21 0731CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Jefferson County 1 S Pinebergen 21 0816CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Garland County 1 SSW Pleasant Hill 21 0830CST 0 0 80.00K 0.00K Lightning

A house was struck by lightning, causing a fire. Due to the amount of lightning in the area, firefighters delayed climbing onto the roof of the house. Four people lived in the house, but no one was injured.

Pulaski County 1 S Halstead 21 0918CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail the size of quarters fell at Interstate 430 and Col. Glenn Rd.

Clark County Arkadelphia 21 1013CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Lightning

Lightning struck a church in Arkadelphia, destroying the steeple and damaging the roof.

Pulaski County 1 WNW (ORK)No Little Rock 21 1052CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Penny size hail fell at the National Weather Service office.

A low pressure system passing by to the northwest of Arkansas brought two rounds of winter weather from the 20th into the 21st. During the morning of the 20th, light snow, occasionally mixed with sleet, broke out in western Arkansas. Most snowfall was in the 1 to 2 inch range, with spotty totals around 3 inches. Some areas of light snow, sleet, and freezing rain continued into the evening in the northern part of Arkansas, with light rain in the south. Precipitation began to pick up considerably toward dawn on the 21st and continued throughout much of the day. Freezing rain was the predominant precipitation type in the north, while a cold rain fell in the south. Thunderstorms occurred in all sections of the state. In the northern part of Arkansas, an ice storm occurred, with ice accruals generally in the 1/4 to 1/2 inch range. However, there were some totals around 3/4 inch, especially in Stone, Izard, Sharp, and Independence counties. Altogether, about 10,000 power outages were reported. Meanwhile, isolated severe storms with large hail occurred in the south.

Garland County Royal 25 1016CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Conway County Blackwell 25 1130CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Conway County Hattieville 25 1142CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Hail covered the ground.

18 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Scott County Black Fork 25 1207CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Polk County 2 SSW Acorn 25 1252CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Lightning

Lightning struck a mobile home just northeast of Mena. The clothes dryer was destroyed and part of the wall behind the dryer was burned.

Polk County 1 NW Board Camp 25 1256CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail fell on Arkansas 8. Scott County Y City 25 1309CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Pike County 3 ENE New Hope 25 1320CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail fell at the Star of the West Recreation Area. Johnson County 1 E Clarksville Muni Arp 25 1425CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Quite a bit of hail collected on the ground, but the ground was not completely covered.

ARZ003 Boone 26 0400CST 1030CST 0 0 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong upper level low pressure system passed by to the northwest of Arkansas on the 25th and 26th. There were numerous reports of hail on the 25th, due to the cold air aloft associated with the low pressure. In many cases, the hail was small but there were great quantities of it. The ground was covered by hail in quite a few places, and hail even piled up on roads in the more extreme cases. After cold air spilled into Arkansas on the back side of the low pressure system, light snow fell in Boone County.

Woodruff County 3 NW Augusta 27 0945CST 28 2359CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain in the month of February fell on the White River, which was already high due to above-average winter precipitation. The river rose above flood stage on the 27th of February.

Heavy rainfall in February caused minor flooding on the White River above Augusta.

ARKANSAS, East Lawrence County 1 N Lynn 18 1740CST 1745CST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Straight line winds blew a roof off a house in Lynn. Several trees were uprooted in the area as well.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lawrence County Alicia 18 1750CST Minturn 1755CST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Straight line winds blew several trees down along Highway 67 between Alicia and Minturn. A barn was also damaged near Minturn. An upper level disturbance tracked from the Southern Plains into the Mid-Mississippi River Valley during the late afternoon into the evening hours of February 18th, 2013. Showers and thunderstorms developed in association with the disturbance over Northeast Arkansas. Damaging winds was produced from some of the storms. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

19 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, East ARZ008-017 Lawrence - Randolph 21 1500CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K Ice Storm

An upper level low pressure system tracked from the Ozarks northeastward into the Mid-Mississippi Valley. Precipitation spread into Northeast Arkansas. Cold air was in place resulting in temperatures near or just below freezing. Precipitation fell in the form of freezing rain as a result. Ice accumulations were around a quarter of an inch across Randolph and Lawrence Counties. Numerous trees and power lines were knocked down across this area. Hazardous driving conditions occurred as well.

ARKANSAS, Northwest

ARZ001-010>011- Benton - Carroll - Crawford - Franklin - Madison - Sebastian - Washington 019>020-029 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Widespread and much needed precipitation fell across northwestern and west central Arkansas during February 2013. West central Arkansas received between 100 and 150 percent of normal precipitation while most of northwestern Arkansas was near to slightly below normal. Several precipitation events affected the area during February, with the most significant occurring in the latter portion of the month, bringing widespread rain and snow to the region. This precipitation resulted in improved drought conditions across the area during the month with much of the region going from extreme drought (D3) to severe drought (D2) by month's end. Monetary damage estimates as a result of the drought were not available.

Crawford County Cedarville 18 1410CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Franklin County 5 W Ozark 18 1439CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Franklin County 5 W Ozark 18 1443CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Franklin County Fern 18 1450CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Franklin County 1 S Ozark 18 1453CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Thunderstorms developed in advance of a cold front that moved through western Arkansas during the afternoon of the 18th. The stronger storms produced hail up to quarter size.

ARZ001-010>011- Benton - Carroll - Crawford - Franklin - Madison - Sebastian - Washington 019>020-029 20 0800CST 21 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong storm system moved from the southern Rockies into the Southern Plains on the 20th and 21st. Snow began during the morning of the 20th across the region and some heavy snow fell before it gradually transitioned to sleet and freezing rain during the evening of the 20th and early morning hours of the 21st. Freezing rain and sleet continued during the morning of the 21st with some ice accumulations of 1/4 to 1/2 of an inch. Some power outages occurred as a result of the ice in northwestern Arkansas.

Sebastian County 2 NW Mansfield 25 1236CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Franklin County 1 WSW Charleston 25 1315CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

20 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Northwest Franklin County 1 NNE Webb City 25 1329CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Thunderstorms developed and moved across portions of west-central Arkansas on the 25th. The stronger storms produced some hail.

ARKANSAS, Southeast Ashley County Crossett 10 0854CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Ashley County Crossett 10 0855CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down in Crossett. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Ashley County 1 E Hamburg 10 0905CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

An approaching cold front, an unusually high amount of wind shear, and sufficient instability resulted in an outbreak of severe thunderstorms across portions of the lower Deep South, including a violent tornado that moved through Hattiesburg. During the morning hours of February 10th, a line of severe thunderstorms moved into the ArkLaMiss, downing trees and powerlines over portions of southeast Arkansas, northeast Louisiana, and central Mississippi. There was also a barn destroyed near Silver City in Humphreys County. The storms continued to push eastward through the early afternoon, then began to slow down as the cold front began to stall. To the south and east of this line of storms, several supercell thunderstorms developed in the more unstable air mass over south Mississippi, with many of the storms exhibiting strong rotation on radar. Shortly after 4 pm, a tornado developed over southwest Marion County near the Pickwick community and tracked across the county into far western Lamar County before lifting. The same storm which produced this tornado continued eastward across northern Lamar County, producing a large tornado which touched down west of Oak Grove and tracked through the very populated West Hattiesburg area. The tornado continued into Forrest County, tracking through the cities of Hattiesburg and Petal before ending in northwestern Perry County. Considerable damage occurred along the path of this storm, and several people were injured. Scattered severe storms continued to affect the Pine Belt area through the remainder of the evening and into the early morning hours of the 11th, before finally moving out of the area.

Chicot County 1 N Jennie 25 1533CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Dime to penny size hail fell in the Jennie community. Chicot County 1 N Lake Vlg 25 1540CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter size hail fell from just north of Lake Village along Highway 65 to the levee on the Mississippi River.

Chicot County 1 S Yellow Bayou 25 1542CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Quarter to half dollar size hail covered the ground along Bayou Drive.

A strong upper disturbance interacting with a warm front caused a couple severe storms to develop over southeast Arkansas, producing hail.

ARKANSAS, Southwest

ARZ050-059 Howard - Little River - Sevier 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions continued to improve across Howard, Little River and Sevier Counties in Southwest Arkansas. Rainfall during the month totaled between 2 and 4 inches with isolated higher amounts. Even with the rainfall, Howard, Little River and Sevier Counties remained in D2 Severe Drought classification through the end of the month.

21 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Southwest Miller County 2 ESE Boyd 18 1522CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Hail fell north of Fouke, Arkansas. Miller County 2 SE Genoa 18 1522CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Hail fell north of Fouke, Arkansas near Genoa. Miller County 3 SW Garland 18 1530CST 0.01 20 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and concluded that a brief EF0 tornado touched down 4 miles southwest of Garland, Arkansas. Storm damage consisted of several snapped hard wood branches with one small hard wood tree snapped along HWY 134.

Howard County 1 N Tollette 18 1625CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Hail fell north of Tollette, Arkansas. Nevada County 2 N Weaver 18 1715CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Hail fell for 15 minutes in the Redland community east of Prescott, Arkansas.

A warm and unstable airmass developed across the Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley during the day as an ejecting upper trough moved into the Plains. A strong cold front moved out of Southern Oklahoma and North Texas during the day with a very strong pressure gradient ahead of the cold front. Strong gradient winds from the south approached 40 mph across many locations with the ambient temperature reaching 70 degrees. Deep layer shear in the lowest 6 kilometers were in excess of 50kts with strong low level shear noted as well. Combine that with excessive atmospheric lapse rates and all the ingredients were present for strong to severe thunderstorms that produced large hail, damaging wind gusts and isolated tornadoes.

Little River County Foreman 21 0810CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

A deep upper level trough ejected out of the Four Corners region of the country and into the plains during the afternoon hours of February 21st. During the morning of the 21st...elevated convection became rather widespread across the region and most of these storms produced hail. A warm front was located across the Southeast Texas and Southern Louisiana coast during the early morning hours of the 21st but as the day progressed...the warm front came north to near the Interstate 20 corridor of Northeast Texas and Northern Louisiana. This lead to a very warm and unstable airmass infiltrating the region from the south. Low level shear was very strong both in speed and direction along the vicinity of this warm front and as as result...a few tornadoes developed across the region. Otherwise...the storms continued to produce hail and some wind damage from straight line winds.

Little River County 2 ENE Wilton 25 1235CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Hail fell 2 miles east of Wilton, Arkansas. Howard County 1 N Nashville 25 1310CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail fell in Nashville, Arkansas. Nevada County 3 SSE Bodcaw 25 1359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Hail fell south of Bodcaw, Arkansas. Nevada County 1 E Willisville 25 1401CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail fell in Willisville, Arkansas.

22 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Southwest

A warm and unstable airmass developed across the region during the afternoon hours of February 25th. This airmass change was in response to a vigorous storm system that moved into the Southern Plains. A sharp...well defined dryline developed across North Central Texas during the morning hours and moved east during the day. This dryline acted as a focusing mechanism for strong to severe thunderstorms to develop across the region...aided by the lift induced form the upper level storm system. The storms primarily produced large hail as they moved east across the region.

CALIFORNIA, North Central

CAZ067-069 Motherlode/Camptonville to Groveland - West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada

19 0000PST 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Tehama County Gerber 19 1328PST 1331PST 0.5 50 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The public reported a landspout tornado at approximately 1:30pm near Gerber, CA. This tornado touched down in a farmland south of Worthington Ave. and tracked from northeast to southwest, hitting the east side of a large barn and destroying the roofing structure of the eastern side. The tornado scattered the metal roof shingles and wood pieces up to 200 ft away to both the northeast and southwest. Based on damage, the NWS tornado survey rated it as an EF0 with an estimation of 74 mph. Images and video confirmed that this tornado was a landspout.

Colusa County 4 SW Maxwell 19 1400PST 1401PST 0.26 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A brief landspout tornado was reported by the public and verified as a landspout by video footage. This tornado was rated as an EF0 that occurred at approximately 2PM in a field south of Fairview Rd by Danley Rd. No damage and no injuries were associated with this tornado. A deep, cold winter storm hit northern California after nearly 2 months of relatively dry weather pattern. This system began in the early morning hours of Feb. 19th and continued through the evening. This brought a significant amount of snowfall to the Sierra foothills and up to 10-12 of snow in the higher Sierra. A multi-car pile-up occurred due to the snow amounts. Furthermore, this system produced two landspout tornadoes in the Central Valley, and several funnel clouds, gustnados, and small hail were reported. Rainfall amounts ranged between 0.5 to 0.50 for the lower elevations.

CALIFORNIA, Northeast

CAZ070 Surprise Valley 18 2000PST 19 0600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Low pressure dropped south from the Gulf of Alaska on the 18th to off the Oregon coast on the 19th. This pushed a strong cold front through northeast California and brought a period of snow to the Surprise Valley.

CALIFORNIA, South Central

CAZ089>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley - West Central San Joaquin Valley 01 0400PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

03 0400PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

CAZ090>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley

03 0400PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

23 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central CAZ089>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley - West Central San Joaquin Valley 04 0400PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

05 0400PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

CAZ090>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley

05 0400PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

February began with the central and southern San Joaquin Valley under an upper-level ridge. The stable airmass under the ridge created favorable conditions for late-night and morning fog formation over the central and southern San Joaquin Valley for the first four days of the month. Dense fog was widespread across the valley during this timeframe.

CAZ089>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley - West Central San Joaquin Valley 07 0500PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

CAZ095>097 Kern County Mountains - South Sierra Mountains - Tulare County Mountains

08 0800PST 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

CAZ089>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley - West Central San Joaquin Valley 10 0500PST 11 0700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

12 0200PST 0500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

CAZ090>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley

12 0200PST 0500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

An upper-level short-wave moved through the Pacific Northwest and northern California on February 5th. The short-wave brought breezy conditions to the region and generated enough mixing to keep fog development from becoming as widespread as on the previous days. High temperatures had been near normal under the ridge, except for above-normal temperatures on the 1st, but the short-wave brought a push of cold air into the central California interior. The high at Fresno on February 6th was 52 degrees, 12 degrees cooler than the previous day. The high at Bakersfield on the 6th of 61 degrees was down 10 degrees from the 5th.

The upper-level ridge rebounded on February 6th, with some San Joaquin Valley fog redevelopment. The ridge was short-lived, however, giving way to the first Pacific storm of the month the next day.

Precipitation associated with this storm reached the central California interior during the afternoon of February 7th, spreading south during the evening hours. This was a cold system, and snow levels fell to 2500-3000 feet on the 8th. By midday on the 8th, a few mountain roads were closed due to snow and ice. That afternoon, ice pellets or small hail fell on Visalia and near Tipton. Interstate 5 over the Grapevine was closed by late afternoon due to snow, but reopened by late evening. Shortly after midnight, Highway 33 was closed due to snow and ice, and did not reopen until the late morning of February 9th. There were several reports of snow accumulations of 3-7 inches in the Southern Sierra Nevada, and 1-3 inches in the Tehachapi Mountains. Below the snow line, rainfall amounts in the mountains and foothills ranged from a few hundredths to around an inch, and on the San Joaquin Valley floor, the Visalia Municipal Airport had the highest rainfall with 0.66 inch, while rain-shadowed Los Banos only received 0.01 inch.

24 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central

The storm brought more cold air into the region. Lows in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley on the morning of February 9th were in the upper 20s to mid 30s, and with even lower minimum temperatures forecast the next two nights, a Freeze Warning was in place for the San Joaquin Valley for the mornings of the 10th and 11th. Only a few central and southern San Joaquin Valley sites dropped below 28 degrees on the morning of February 10th, and the majority of these were on the west side of the Valley. Stratus formed along the lower elevations of the Southern Sierra Nevada on the 9th, and a light easterly wind pushed the stratus over parts of the San Joaquin Valley overnight. This inhibited radiational cooling over the eastern San Joaquin Valley, resulting in stronger cooling on the west side where skies remained mostly clear. Skies were clearer on the early morning of February 11th, but dewpoints were higher due to evaporation of standing water on the San Joaquin Valley floor. The higher dewpoints capped the cooling during the night of the 10th-11th, and only a few sites in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley fell to 28 degrees or lower.

Aloft, the ridge became tilted, nosing into the Pacific Northwest. At the same time, the upper- level trough extended southwest from a low over southern Minnesota to Utah and eastern Nevada. This set up a northeasterly flow over the Southern Sierra Nevada. At the surface, the combination of high pressure centered over southeastern Idaho and low pressure over the lower Colorado River generated an offshore flow across California. Although this had been expected to trigger downslope winds through the west-facing canyons of the Southern Sierra Nevada, the upper-level jet stayed north of the region. Winds remained mostly light with a few strong gusts confined to the crest.

The upper-level ridge began to build into California on February 11th. Temperatures warmed to near normal on the 11th, then continued to warm above normal the next few days. A few patches of fog formed around sunrise in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley, but they were relatively shallow and short lived.

CAZ091 Southwest San Joaquin Valley 18 1300PST 2200PST 0 0 3.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

CAZ093-096-097 South Sierra Foothills - South Sierra Mountains - Tulare County Mountains

19 1200PST 20 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

CAZ094 Tulare County Foothills 19 1200PST 20 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

CAZ095 Kern County Mountains 19 1800PST 20 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Very heavy snow fell in the Kern County Mountains on the 20th of February. This is a photo of 4 foot snow drifts sent in by Deborah Muzio in Bear Valley Springs, CA, in Kern County.

25 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central CAZ095-099 Kern County Mountains - Southeast Kern County Desert 20 0125PST 2100PST 0 0 6.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

The upper-level continued to strengthen through February 16th, with temperatures warming to several degrees above normal. Fresno had its first 70-degree day of the year on the 15th, with a high of 73 degrees. The last time Fresno saw 70s was November 21st, 2012, when the high was 71 degrees. Bakersfield reach 76 degrees on February 15th, and both cities had highs of 73 degrees the next day. The upper-level ridge began to weaken on February 17th as a potent Pacific storm dropped out of the Gulf of Alaska as approached the coast. This storm reached the central California interior by midday of the 19th, and moved through the region during the afternoon and evening hours. Ahead of the storm, strong winds developed in the Indian Wells Valley with a gust to 46 mph recorded in Ridgecrest. As the cold front moved through, the focus of the strong winds shifted south into the southeastern Kern County desert. Winds gusted to 45-50 mph near Mojave, and to as high as 58 mph at Rosamond. However, the winds were sporadic and the strongest gusts were rare. The storm brought locally heavy rain to the region, accounting for over half the monthly total for several locations. The snow level was very low, around 1500 feet (but locally dropping to around 1000 feet in heavy snow showers). Snow showers continued overnight over the Southern Sierra Nevada, and a few flurries were reported in downtown Fresno around midnight of February 19th- 20th. Highway 58 through the Tehachapi Pass was closed beginning the evening of the 19th, and Interstate 5 over the Grapevine was closed the following morning due to snow and ice. In the Southern Sierra Nevada, up to 10 inches of new snow fell, with even more snowup to 22 inches (at Bear Valley Springs)in the Tehachapi Mountains as upslope snow showers continued into February 20th. Isolated heavy showers developed along the cold front over the central and southern San Joaquin Valley during the late afternoon and evening of February 19th. Pea-size hail was reported from these storms, including one report from a few miles north of Hanford.

CAZ089>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley - West Central San Joaquin Valley 21 0200PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

22 0200PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

CAZ090>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley

22 0200PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

CAZ095-098-099 Indian Wells Valley - Kern County Mountains - Southeast Kern County Desert

23 0300PST 1900PST 0 0 9.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

CAZ089>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley - West Central San Joaquin Valley 25 0300PST 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

The storm moved east of California on February 21st, but was followed by a dry system two days later. This storm brought wind gusts of 45-55 mph to the Kern County mountains and deserts. A big rig was blown over on Highway 14 in the Kern County desert. This storm also brought a push of unseasonably cold air into the central and southern San Joaquin Valley. Temperatures fell below freezing on the mornings of February 24th and 25th at several Valley locations.

26 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central

An upper-level disturbance dropped into the Great Basin during the night of February 25th-26th. A mid-level jet around the edge of this disturbance brought winds that funneled through the passes and canyons of the Tehachapi Mountains. This generated gusts of 45-50 mph from below the Tehachapi Pass to the Mojave area shortly after midnight. The disturbance moved east of the Great Basin, causing the winds to rapidly subside between 3:30 and 4 AM on the 26th.

High pressure built back into California the last two days of the month, with temperatures warming above normal.

Although February normally is one of the wettest months of the year, rainfall in February 2013 was well below normal. Only 0.60 inch of rain fell at Meadows Field, Bakersfield, or 48.4 percent of the normal for the month (1.24 inch). Although more rain (0.89 inch) was recorded at Fresno-Yosemite International Airport, the normal at Fresno for February is also higher. Fresno only received 43.8 percent of its normal for the month of 2.03 inches.

For the rain season, which began on July 1st, 2012, Bakersfield had a total of 2.22 inches, or 49.6 percent of the normal value of 4.48 inches. Fresno fared a little better, with a season-through- February 28th total of 4.86 inches. This was 61.7 percent of the normal value of 7.88 inches. Both Bakersfield and Fresno had mean monthly temperatures slightly below normal. Bakersfield had an average temperature of 51.3 degrees, 1.3 degree below normal. Fresno was slightly cooler, with a mean temperature of 51.0 degrees; this was 0.5 degree below normal. Both cities had above-normal mean high temperatures, but these were more than offset by colder than normal mean low temperatures.

CALIFORNIA, Southwest

CAZ048 San Bernardino County Valley/The Inland Empire 07 0200PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

CAZ058 San Diego County Mountains 07 2300PST 08 0300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

CAZ055-058 San Bernardino County Mountains - San Diego County Mountains

08 0000PST 09 0500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Photo of 15 to 20 inches of snowfall on the north side of Sugarloaf, southeast of Big Bear Lake. Photo courtesy of spotter Susan Wright.

CAZ060-061 Apple and Yucca Valleys - Coachella Valley 08 0300PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

27 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Southwest CAZ050 San Diego County Valleys 08 1000PST 1100PST 0 0 7.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A 20 by 30 foot section of skylight roofing was torn off of a company in Sorrento Valley due to wind and pea-sized hail. Photo courtesy of San Diego's Channel 8 news.

San Diego County San Diego 08 1830PST 2030PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.25)

Accumulations of pea-sized hail resulted in multiple traffic collisions along Interstate 15 between University and El Cajon Blvd. Southbound Interstate 15 was closed for a few hours.

A very cold trough of low pressure from the northwest moved through southern California on the 7th through the 10th, bringing significant cooling, low snow levels, gusty west winds and light to locally moderate precipitation along and west of the mountains. A few embedded thunderstorms were also observed on the 8th, producing periods of pea-sized hail and graupel. Hail accumulation was blamed for multiple accidents, closing portion of Interstate 15 near El Cajon. Rainfall totals for the coast and valleys were mostly light, generally ranging from one-tenth to one-third of an inch, with three-quarters of an inch to an inch for the lower mountains and foothills. The lower deserts generally received less than one-tenth of an inch, with the exception of Borrego Springs with 0.16 inches of rain. The snow level dropped to 1500-2000 feet, with accumulating snow of 1-3 inches down to around 2600 feet in locations such as Beaumont and Yucaipa in the Inland Empire and Banning Pass. Significant snow fell above 5000 feet, with many locations receiving 6-12 inches. Some higher locations in the San Bernardino County mountains, such as Big Bear and Onyx Summit received up to 22 inches. During this storm, a major manhunt was underway for an ex-LAPD officer who was on the run after a killing spree. All major national news outlets were covering the search. A weak trough moved southward, early on the 10th, and interacted with residual low level moisture to produce a few light showers, mainly in the mountains and inland valleys of San Diego County. These showers only amounted to a tenth of an inch or less.

CAZ058 San Diego County Mountains 15 0100PST 16 0600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong surface high pressure over the Great Basin generated moderate to locally strong northeast to east winds through the passes and canyons and near the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains and the slopes and ridges of the San Diego County mountains on the 15th and 16th. The highest wind gusts occurred in San Diego County with several stations reporting gusts over 60 mph. However, no damage was reported.

CAZ061 Coachella Valley 19 0900PST 1000PST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

28 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Southwest CAZ055-058 San Bernardino County Mountains - San Diego County Mountains

19 1800PST 20 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

CAZ043 San Diego County Coasts 20 0000PST 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A strong, cold low pressure system dropped down the West Coast from the Gulf of Alaska and directly over southern California. This storm was accompanied by isolated thunderstorms with small hail, moderate rain showers west of the mountains, winter storm conditions in the mountains, and very strong wind gusts along and below the ridges and desert slopes. Most coast and valley locations received between one-quarter and three-quarters of an inch of rain, while some foothill locations received between 1.0 and 1.5 inches of rain. The very cold conditions led to significantly low snow levels down to 2000 feet, with accumulations as low as 2300 feet (Shelter Valley San Diego County). Most locations above 4000 feet received 6 to 13 inches of snow with widespread chain control everywhere. The high desert received up to 3 inches of snow as well, down to 2900 feet, closing several schools and requiring CHP escorts on Interstate 15. The snow also resulted in numerous accidents, especially along Interstate 15, where the northbound lanes in the high desert were closed for a time due to the sheer number of incidents. Snow and accidents also temporarily closed Interstate 8 near the Crestwood Pass on the morning of the 20th. Mountain and foothill locations received an additional 1 to 3 inches of snow from the morning showers. A second, smaller disturbance behind this low brought some light showers to San Diego County on the afternoon of the 21st. Amounts ranged from a few hundredths to two-tenths of an inch, mostly in the valleys and foothills.

CAZ057-058 San Diego County Mountains - Santa Ana Mountains and Foothills

24 0200PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

CAZ061 Coachella Valley 24 0900PST 1000PST 0 0 7.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

CAZ055 San Bernardino County Mountains 24 0930PST 1100PST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K High Wind

Surface high pressure over the Great Basin brought gusty northeast winds through and below canyons and passes with the strongest winds during the early to mid morning on the 24th in the Santa Ana Mountains and foothills, the San Gorgonio Pass and San Diego County mountains.

CAZ058 San Diego County Mountains 28 0500PST 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Surface high pressure over the Great Basin forced strong easterly winds through and below canyons and mountain passes. Winds gusted 40 to 55 mph, with local gusts to 65 mph. The highest winds were in the San Diego County Mountains.

CALIFORNIA, West South Central

CAZ053-054 Los Angeles County Mountains Excluding the Santa Monica Range - Ventura County Mountains

20 0800PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A cold storm from the Gulf of Alaska brought winter storm conditions to the mountains of Ventura and Los Angeles counties. Snow levels with this storm dropped to around 2500 feet and snowfall amounts between 6 and 12 inches were reported in the mountains. Along with the heavy snow, gusty northwest winds in excess of 50 MPH were reported.

29 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, West South Central CAZ046-088 Santa Clarita Valley - Santa Monica Mountains Recreation Area

23 2056PST 0954PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

CAZ053-054 Los Angeles County Mountains Excluding the Santa Monica Range - Ventura County Mountains

24 0153PST 0953PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong Santa Ana winds developed across the mountains and interior valleys of Ventura and Los Angeles counties. Strong surface high pressure developed in the Great Basin, generating a strong northeasterly pressure gradient. This strong surface gradient, combined with good upper level wind and thermal support, produced wind gusts in excess of 70 MPH.

COLORADO, Central and Northeast

COZ034 South & Southeast Grand/West Central & Southwest Boulder/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Summit/North & West Park Counties above 9000 Feet 16 1445MST 0 4 0.00K Avalanche On the morning of February 16th, the Arapahoe Basin ski patrol conducted avalanche hazard mitigation work in Montezuma Bowl. Upon concluding this work, ski area personnel decided to open portions of the area to directed skiing. The last group of the day was a group of 14 customers and one ski patrol member. An avalanche was triggered by a skier on a south-southeast facing slope at approximately 12,500 feet. The crown face was 330 feet wide and ranged in depth from 16 inches to nearly 12 feet. Fifteen skiers were caught in the avalanche. In all, ten were partially buried and one victim was completely buried. Four were injured, one of which suffered significant injuries.

COZ039>041-043- Boulder & Jefferson Counties below 6000 Feet/West Broomfield County - Central & South Weld County - 045>046-048>051 Central & east Adams & Arapahoe Counties - Elbert/Central & east Douglas Counties above 6000 Feet - Logan County - North & Northeast Elbert County below 6000 Feet/North Lincoln County - North Douglas County below 6000 Feet/Denver/West Adams & Arapahoe Counties/east Broomfield County - Phillips County - Sedgwick County - Washington County

20 1800MST 21 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A winter storm brought light to moderate snowfall to much of the Urban Corridor and Northeast Plains. Storm totals ranged from 3 to 6 inches in most areas.

COZ041-045-046 Central & east Adams & Arapahoe Counties - Elbert/Central & east Douglas Counties above 6000 Feet - North & Northeast Elbert County below 6000 Feet/North Lincoln County 24 0000MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

COZ039-040 Boulder & Jefferson Counties below 6000 Feet/West Broomfield County - North Douglas County below 6000 Feet/Denver/West Adams & Arapahoe Counties/east Broomfield County 24 0000MST 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

COZ033-034 South & East Jackson/Larimer/North & Northeast Grand/Northwest Boulder Counties above 9000 Feet - South & Southeast Grand/West Central & Southwest Boulder/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Summit/North & West Park Counties above 9000 Feet 24 0000MST 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A storm system near the Four Corners region produced heavy upslope snowfall in and near the Front Range with blizzard conditions further east as it made its way across southern Colorado. In the Front Range Mountains and Foothills storm totals included: 27 inches near Pinecliffe; 24 inches, 13 miles northwest of Golden; 20 inches near Genesee; 17 inches near Conifer; 15 inches, 3 miles west of Jamestown; 14 inches, 4 miles southwest of Eldorado Springs; 12.5 inches near Aspen Springs; 12 inches near Evergreen, 11 miles west of Livermore, Strontia Springs Dam and near Ward; 10 inches at Eldora Ski Area; 9 inches, 8.5 miles west-southwest of Livermore; with 8 inches near Gross Reservoir, Idaho Springs and Nederland.

30 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

COLORADO, Central and Northeast

Across the Urban Corridor, storm totals included: 12 inches in Aurora; 11.5 inches near Highlands Ranch; 11 inches in Lakewood; 10.5 inches just north of Longmont and Westminster; 10 inches in Lone Tree and Thornton; 9 inches at Denver International Airport, Ft. Collins and Milliken; 8.5 inches in Aurora, 6 miles southwest of Denver and near Loveland; 8 inches at Boulder, Broomfield, and Ralston Reservoir; 7.5 inches near Frederick, with 7 inches at Commerce City. The storm prompted the cancellation of 200 flights in and out of Denver International Airport.

Along and south of the I-70 corridor, east of Denver to around Cedar Point, the combination of heavy snow and strong wind produced blizzard conditions. Storm totals included: 14 inches, 10 miles south-southeast of Buckley AFB, 10.5 inches, 8 miles southeast of Watkins; 8 inches at Elizabeth and Sedalia; 7 inches at Agate and 6 inches near Byers. Northerly winds of 25 to 30 mph were common with gusts to 40 mph. Interstate 70 was especially hazardous from around Byers to Limon where snow and blowing snow reportedly produced zero visibilities at times and drifts up to 3 feet deep.

COZ036 Jefferson & West Douglas Counties above 6000 Feet/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Northeast Park Counties below 9000 Feet 26 1200MST 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

COZ045-046 Central & east Adams & Arapahoe Counties - North & Northeast Elbert County below 6000 Feet/North Lincoln County 26 1700MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Another storm system moving through the region produced heavy snow in the Front Range Foothills. Storm totals in the Front Range Foothills included: 12 inches near Black Mountain and Pine Junction, 10 inches near Conifer and Nederland; 9 inches, 12 miles northwest of Golden; 8 inches near Evergreen, with 6 inches near Eldorado Springs. As the system moved into the east central plains of Colorado, snow and blowing snow produced blizzard conditions along and south of the Interstate 70 corridor, from just east of Denver to the Kansas state line. Storm totals generally ranged from 3 to 7 inches. North winds of 25 to 30 mph were reported with gusts around 40 mph. Roads became impassable as snow and blowing snow produced 3 to 4 ft snow drifts. Road and highway closures included: Interstate 70 from Aurora to the Kansas state line; U.S. 40 between Limon and Kit Carson; and U.S. 24 between Colorado Springs and Limon.

COLORADO, East Central

COZ090>092 Cheyenne County - Kit Carson County - Yuma County 01 0000MST 28 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions worsened from January with east central Colorado now rated as being in Exceptional (D4) Drought. February precipitation ranged from 40-80% of normal across Cheyenne, Kit Carson and Yuma counties.

COZ092 Cheyenne County 09 1620MST 1630MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dust Storm

Strong to severe wind gusts developed west of a dry line that moved east northeast across Eastern Central Colorado. Wind gusts up to 63 MPH caused areas of blowing dust to develop behind the dry line. Visibilities of less than a quarter mile were reported across Kit Carson and Cheyenne counties.

COZ091 Kit Carson County 09 1624MST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K High Wind Strong to severe wind gusts developed west of a dry line that moved east northeast across Eastern Central Colorado. Wind gusts up to 63 MPH caused areas of blowing dust to develop behind the dry line. Visibilities of less than a quarter mile were reported across Kit Carson and Cheyenne counties.

09 1628MST 1639MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dust Storm

Strong to severe wind gusts developed west of a dry line that moved east northeast across Eastern Central Colorado. Wind gusts up to 63 MPH caused areas of blowing dust to develop behind the dry line. Visibilities of less than a quarter mile were reported across Kit Carson and Cheyenne counties.

31 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

COLORADO, East Central 20 1100MST 21 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

COZ090 Yuma County 20 1200MST 21 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong winter storm system moved over East Central Colorado on the 20th from the southeast. With little to no wind, the snow was able to fall straight down. The only reductions in visibility occurred under the heavier bands of snow, which had snowfall rates of an inch or more an hour. Snowfall totals for Yuma county ranged from 9 inches at Wray, to 7 inches at Joes, and 6.4 inches at Idalia. Snowfall amounts for Kit Carson County ranged from 8 inches at Stratton, to 5 inches southwest of Liberty, and 4.3 inches at Burlington.

COLORADO, South Central and Southeast

COZ068 Eastern San Juan Mountains above 10000 Ft 08 0400MST 11 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A Pacific storm system tracking from southwestern Utah into southwestern Nebraska produced 26 inches of snow at the summit of Wolf Creek Pass (Mineral County) and lesser amounts across the rest of the Continental Divide, including 7 inches at the Monarch Ski Area.

COZ079-080 Wet Mountains above 10000 Ft - Wet Mountains between 8500 and 10000 Ft

10 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm 11 A storm system moving across the Four Corners Region generated 11 to 15 inches of snow in southwest Pueblo County in the Rye - Colorado City area...and 7 inches around Beulah.

COZ082-084 Northern El Paso County/Monument Ridge/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft - Pikes Peak above 11000 Ft

20 1200MST 21 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm moving across New Mexico and then into western Kansas allowed heavy snow, gusty winds, and localized snow drifts around three feet to be noted over portions of southern Colorado. Six to 9 inches of snow was common over northern and eastern El Paso County, and Pikes Peak, along with snow drifts up to three feet deep. However, 11 inches of snow occurred near Fountain (El Paso County).

COZ060-072-079> Eastern Sawatch Mountains above 11000 Ft - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains above 11000 Ft - 082 Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains between 8500 & 11000 Ft - Pikes Peak above 11000 Ft - Teller County/Rampart Range above 7500 Ft/Pikes Peak between 7500 & 11000 Ft - Wet Mountains above 10000 Ft - Wet Mountains between 8500 and 10000 Ft 23 1900MST 25 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

COZ084 Northern El Paso County/Monument Ridge/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft

24 0500MST 25 0100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A dynamic winter storm moving south across the Four Corners Area and then across northern New Mexico produced heavy snow and strong winds...including brief blizzard conditions. Some of the higher reported snow totals include 11 to 14 inches around Palmer Lake and Monument (El Paso County)...10 to 12 inches around Woodland Park and Florissant (Teller County)...10 inches near Monarch Pass (Chaffee County)...and 7 to 8 inches graced Rye (Pueblo County). More than 8 inches of snow occurred across the northern Sangre de Cristo Mountains as well.

32 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

COLORADO, West COZ001>005-008> Central Colorado River Basin - Central Gunnison and Uncompahgre River Basin - Central Yampa River 014-017>019 Basin - Elkhead and Park Mountains - Flattop Mountains - Gore and Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys - Grand and Battlement Mesas - Lower Yampa River Basin - Northwestern San Juan Mountains - Roan and Tavaputs Plateaus - Southwestern San Juan Mountains - Uncompahgre Plateau and Dallas Divide - Upper Gunnison River Valley - Upper Yampa River Basin - West Elk and Sawatch Mountains

23 0800MST 24 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A Pacific storm system deepened over western Colorado and brought significant snow to the mountains and some lower elevations as the associated cold front pushed through the region.

CONNECTICUT, Northeast

CTZ002>004 Hartford - Tolland - Windham 08 1100EST 09 1400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

08 2100EST 09 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An historic winter storm deposited tremendous amounts of snow over all of southern New England, mainly from the mid- afternoon on Friday, February 8 and lasting into the daylight hours of Saturday, February 9. What made this an amazing storm was the widespread coverage of heavy snowfall. Most locations received 2 to 2.5 feet of snow! A stationary band of even heavier snowfall persisted from southwest NH through central MA and on to the southwest across central and western CT. In those areas, reports averaged closer to 2.5 to 3 feet! Isolated thunderstorms were common across the entire region during the height of the storm. A low pressure system advancing from the Great Lakes region combined forces with a very moist low pressure system moving northeast from the Gulf Coast states. Explosive deepening took place Friday evening, February 8, as a low center moved from the North Carolina coast to south of Nantucket. Strong high pressure to the north of New England helped ensure that cold air remained in place over the area. Snowfall gained intensity during the afternoon, but during the night, 2 to 3 inch per hour amounts were common throughout the region. The band of heaviest snowfall, with 3 to 5 inches per hour for several hours, extended from southwest NH to central and western CT. Snow ended in the morning in western and central MA, southwest NH, most of CT and RI, and in the early afternoon across eastern MA. The Connecticut Department of Agriculture reported that more than 140 agricultural structures were damaged or destroyed throughout the state because of the weight of the snow. Many of these were hoop houses, but a few greenhouses and barns were destroyed as well.

CONNECTICUT, Northwest

CTZ001-013 Northern Litchfield - Southern Litchfield 08 1130EST 09 0930EST 0 0 Winter Storm

CTZ001-013 Northern Litchfield - Southern Litchfield 09 0000EST 0600EST 0 0 Blizzard

On the morning hours of Thursday, Februrary 8th, an area of low pressure rapidly developed off the mid-Atlantic coast. The development of this storm was aided by the phasing with another strong upper level disturbance moving towards the coast from the Great Lakes region. As this developing storm moved northeast off the Northeast coast from the late morning of February 8th and into the overnight hours, a large amount of Atlantic moisture was pulled westward, producing a widespread heavy snowfall. The snow fell heaviest during the evening and into the overnight hours, with snowfall rates of one to three inches per hour. In addition, strong northeast winds, gusting over 35 mph, allowing for blowing and drifting of snowfall. Visibility was reduced to less than one-quarter mile, producing blizzard conditions. Snowfall amounts across Northwestern Connecticut ranged from around one foot in the northwest corner of the Litchfield County to two and a half feet across eastern parts of Litchfield County.

The snowfall tapered off during the morning hours, although blowing and drifting continued through the day on Saturday, February 9th. Travel was significantly affected through the entire state of Connecticut. All roads were ordered closed for nearly a day. Statewide, about 38,000 homes and businesses were without power at the storm's peak.

33 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CONNECTICUT, Southern CTZ006>012 Northern Middlesex - Northern New Haven - Northern New London - Southern Fairfield - Southern Middlesex - Southern New Haven - Southern New London 08 1550EST 09 0550EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Low pressure that formed along the northern Gulf coast by the morning of Thursday, February 7, 2013 moved northeast to near Cape Hatteras by the morning of Friday, February 8, 2013 . The low then rapidly intensified while moving northeast to a position east of Cape Cod by the morning of Saturday, February 9, 2013, producing blizzard conditions and very heavy snowfall across southern Connecticut on February 8th and 9th.

CTZ009 Southern Fairfield 27 0700EST 1200EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Deep low pressure approached the area, then slowly moved to the east. Strong gusty winds occurred as this low approached.

27 1100EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

CTZ010 Southern New Haven 27 1100EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

A complex low pressure system tracking northeast through the Ohio Valley and Northeast United States produced strong onshore winds across the region Tuesday Night into Wednesday morning on February 27th. These onshore winds piled 2 to 3 feet of surge along the southwest CT coast during the Wednesday morning high tide cycle, with widespread minor to locally moderate coastal flooding.

DELAWARE

DEZ001>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent - New Castle 01 0530EST 1130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system that formed along a secondary cold front helped drop two to six inches of snow across the southern half of New Castle County, Kent County and the northern half of Sussex County during the morning of the 1st. The heaviest snowfall was right around Dover. The snow fell at its heaviest during the morning commute and caused over 150 accidents with at least a dozen that caused injuries. The snow began falling across the state between 530 a.m. EST and 630 a.m. EST on the 1st. It fell at its heaviest between 7 a.m. EST and 9 a.m. EST and ended between 10 a.m. EST and 1130 a.m. EST that morning. Delaware State Police reported around 60 accidents (5 with injuries) in Kent County, nearly 100 accidents (10 with injuries) in New Castle County and 4 accidents (1 with injuries) in Sussex County. There were also about a dozen disabled vehicles. In New Castle County, the Summit Bridge (U.S. Route 301) was closed until it could be salted. In Tybouts, Northbound U.S. Route 13 was closed. In Kent County, blowing snow complicated roadway plowing along Delaware State Route 1 around Dover. Representative snowfall included 5.9 inches in Dover (Kent County), 3.2 inches in Magnolia (Kent County), 3.0 inches in Harrington (Kent County) and Blackbird (New Castle County), 2.7 inches in Viola (Kent County), 2.2 inches in Milton (Sussex County), 2.0 inches in Lewes (Sussex County), 1.8 inches in Odessa (New Castle County), 1.4 inches in Glasgow (New Castle County), 1.3 inches in Seaford (Sussex County) and 0.5 inches in Bridgeville (Sussex County). The snow was caused by a compact and quick moving low pressure system that formed along the northern edge of a secondary cold front. The low pressure system moved from Lake Erie during the early evening of January 31st eastsoutheast and passed across the northern part of the state around 7 a.m. EST on February 1st and exited just as quickly offshore.

02 1900EST 03 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

DEZ002>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent 02 1900EST 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

34 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

DELAWARE

A pair of quick moving low pressure systems dropped around an inch of snow across Delaware during the evening and overnight on the 2nd. While the snowfall was light, the subfreezing temperatures helped it accumulate efficiently and caused untreated roadways to quickly become treacherous. Delaware State Police responded to around fifteen accidents, three with injuries. In Sussex County, both the Nassau and Love Creek Bridges were very slippery. In Kent County, many untreated roadways had black ice on them. In New Castle County, accidents forced lane closures on Interstates 495 over the Christina River Bridge and on Interstate 95. In addition, there were four disabled vehicles. Snow began falling across the state between 7 p.m. EST and 8 p.m. EST on the 2nd. The snow ended between 1030 p.m. EST and Midnight EST that evening in Kent and Sussex Counties and between 1 a.m. EST and 2 a.m. EST on the 3rd in New Castle County. Representative snowfall included 1.1 inches in Seaford (Sussex County), 1.0 inch in Newark (New Castle County), 0.7 inches in Milton (Sussex County) and the New Castle County Airport and 0.5 inches in Harrington (Kent County). The snow was caused by double barrel low pressure systems. First an Alberta Clipper low pressure system that rapidly moved east from near Chicago on the morning of the 2nd, to Lake Erie on the evening of the 2nd. This low pressure system then slowed and weakened as a southern stream low pressure system moved through the Tennessee Valley on the evening of the 2nd and moved through Virginia overnight on the 2nd and intensified as it moved well east of the Middle Atlantic Coast on the 3rd.

DEZ001>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent - New Castle 09 0100EST 1300EST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

An area of low pressure developed across the northern plains on Thursday February 7th, tracking eastward. Meanwhile, another area of low pressure developed along the coast of North Carolina, tracking northeast. Both lows approached the area on Friday February 8th with the coastal low intensifying as it moved toward the northeast. The two lows interacted with one another with the coastal low eventually absorbing the inland low late Friday. The system moved off toward New England on Friday night, moving into the Canadian Maritimes by Saturday afternoon. As the storm intensified, winds increased and became gusty out of the northeast. Peak wind speeds included 47 mph at Ship John Shoal (Delaware Bay) and 46 mph in Lewes and Dewey Beach (Sussex County). Several locations reported 40 knots through the event. In addition, precipitation started to spread across the area during the morning hours on Friday February 8th. Some areas started as a mix of snow and rain before changing over to all rain during the daytime hours. A changeover to all snow occurred during the evening. Only trace amounts of snow were reported across Delaware.

17 1200EST 18 0000EST 0 0 1.25K 0.00K Strong Wind

DEZ002>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent 17 1200EST 18 0200EST 0 0 3.75K 0.00K Strong Wind

A rapidly intensifying ocean storm that moved south to north over the western Atlantic produced strong gusty west to northwest winds from the afternoon on the 17th into the early morning on the 18th in Delaware. Peak wind gusts averaged around 50 mph and knocked down weak trees, tree limbs and wires and caused isolated power outages. Peak wind gusts included 56 mph in Odessa (New Castle County), 54 mph in Newark (New Castle County) and 49 mph in Lewes (Sussex County). The northward moving ocean storm intensified from a 1001 millibar low pressure system east of North Carolina on the evening of the 16th, to a 979 millibar low pressure system well east of New Jersey on the morning of the 17th and peaked as a 954 millibar low pressure system over Nova Scotia at 7 p.m. EST on the 17th. From there it slowly weakened as it moved toward Newfoundland overnight. As this low moved farther away from Delaware, the strong winds ceased.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

DCZ001 District of Columbia 01 0500EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A clipper system moved through the Mid Atlantic in the early morning hours and produced advisory level snowfall in the Baltimore and Washington DC metro areas.

22 1700EST 23 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A stacked low pressure system was over the Northern Plains. High pressure to the north caused below freezing temperatures to advect southward into the Mid Atlantic. Southerly flow aloft and ahead of low pressure led to above freezing temperatures above the below freezing surface. Freezing rain occurred in most areas in the Mid Atlantic.

35 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Northeastern Suwannee County 3 SSW Falmouth 25 0845EST 0 0 Hail (1.25)

Quarter to half dollar size hail was observed for 15 minutes.

Duval County 1 S Holly Ford 25 0920EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A large tree was blown down over Fields Avenue and large limbs damaged power lines on Leora Drive.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Suwannee County 3 ESE Lancaster 25 0925EST 0 0 Hail (1.75)

Multiple reports of golf ball size hail were received. Suwannee County 1 SW Live Oak 25 0930EST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

Hail was observed that was slightly larger than penny size that lasted for 8 minutes.

Suwannee County 2 SSE Hildreth 25 0945EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Hail (2.00)

The public reported 2 inch hail which damaged car windows and tree limbs. The cost of damage was estimated.

Suwannee County Live Oak 25 0945EST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

Penny size hail was reported. Baker County 2 NNW Macclenny 25 1110EST 0 0 Hail (1.00)

Quarter size hail was reported. Baker County 4 E Macclenny 25 1115EST 0 0 Hail (1.00)

Quarter size hail was reported on Interstate 10. Duval County 1 W Baldwin 25 1130EST 0 0 Hail (0.88)

Nickel size hail was observed. Duval County 1 WNW Chaseville 25 1215EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Boats were damaged at the Fisherman Marina on the Trout River.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Duval County 1 N Ft George Is 25 1300EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (62MG)

A mesonet site in Huguenot Park measured a wind gust to 71 mph from a severe thunderstorm.

Several storms that produced large golf ball size hail moved east during the mid-morning hours under strong upper level shear and elevated CAPE, on the north side of a warm front that was draped south of Flagler county. The low level were very stable with temperatures in the 50s and 60s. Note: The measured wind gust of 62 knots is equivalent to 71 mph.

36 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Northeastern Suwannee County 5 SE Branford 26 0746EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down near South Highway 129 and Highway 252. The time of damage was based on radar.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Columbia County 4 WSW Ellisville 26 0800EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

A roof was blown off and many trees were blown down along Sunview Street. The time of damage was based on radar imagery. Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Columbia County 3 SSE Columbia 26 0800EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down an fell through a home near Dewy Street. The time of damage was based on radar imagery.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Alachua County 1 W Gainesville North 26 0840EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Dispatch reported numerous trees were blown down on roadways, and one landed on a vehicle. The time of damage was based on radar imagery. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Alachua County 1 W Gainesville North 26 0845EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down across northwest Gainesville. The time of damage was based on radar imagery.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Clay County 1 NE Hibernia 26 0930EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Large 10 inch diameter tree limbs were snapped and blown down along Fleming Drive.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Putnam County 1 E Palatka Kay Arkin Ar 26 1005EST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (45EG)

A tree was blown down near President and Washington Oaks Streets. The time of the damage was based on radar data. There was a significant mesocyclone noted with this storm. The cost of damage was estimated to include the report in Storm Data.

A strong pre-frontal squall line moved across the area during the morning hours which produced scattered wind damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 45 knots is equivalent to 52 mph.

FLORIDA, Northwest

FLZ011-016>019 Gadsden - Jackson - Jefferson - Leon - Madison 01 0000EST 0 0 Drought 26 Heavy rain at the end of the month ended the drought across portions of northern Jackson, Gadsden, Leon, Jefferson, and Madison counties. Bay County Gulf Resort Beach 11 1720CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down near Highway 79. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

37 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Northwest Bay County Brannonville 11 1739CST 0 0 Hail (1.00)

The public reported quarter size hail on WJHG's facebook page.

Gulf County 6 NNW Wewahitchka 11 1830CST 0 0 Hail (1.00)

WJHG reported quarter sized hail in northern Gulf county. Holmes County 3 SSE Bethlehem 12 1922CST 5 WSW Noma 13 0200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

All dirt roads between Highway 79 and Highway 177A near the Wrights Creek area were impassable due to flooding.

As a cold front moved south into the region and stalled, a series of upper level disturbances moved through the area with broad southwest flow and moist conditions. As the boundary became oriented parallel to the upper level winds, training bands of convection set up and produced some locally heavy rainfall, although flash flooding was limited to adjacent sections of southeastern Alabama. A few strong to severe storms also occurred.

Leon County 2 E State Capitol Complex 24 1720EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Leon County 1 E Tallahassee Memorial Hos 24 1724EST 0 0 Hail (1.00)

Nickel to quarter size hail was reported around 900 Riggins Rd.

Leon County 1 N Fallschase 24 1727EST 0 0 720.00K Hail (1.75)

Golf ball size hail was reported around Buck Lake. An NWS employee living in that area reported that numerous houses (approximately 80) sustained roof damage and required new roofs. Monetary damage was estimated.

Jefferson County 5 NE Monticello 24 1803EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

The hail was mostly dime to nickel size with a few quarter size stones.

Bay County 1 WNW Lynn Haven 25 0930CST 1415CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Chris Smith of WJHG posted a picture on Facebook showing water affecting homes along the 1700 block of New Hampshire Avenue in Lynn Haven due to heavy rainfall. Water was surrounding the homes and the driveways were not visible. Rainfall rates of 2 to 3 inches per hour were in the area, and the ground was saturated from previous heavy rainfall.

Jackson County 3 SE Richter Crossroads 25 1000CST 1100CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Tobacco Road was washed out and closed. Monetary damage was estimated.

Jackson County Graceville 25 1000CST Compass Lake 26 1100CST 0 0 1.88M 0.00K Flood

Significant areal flooding occurred across Jackson county due to prolonged periods of moderate to heavy rainfall. Four day rainfall totals of 8-12 inches were estimated across the county between Feb 22-26. The emergency manager estimated over $1.8 million in damages across the county, mainly due to road repair.

38 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Northwest Bay County 2 WNW Lynn Haven 25 1200CST 1415CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water surrounded homes along Rhode Island Avenue in Lynn Haven via a picture posted on WJHG's facebook page. Heavy rainfall rates of 2 to 3 inches per had occurred in the area over the past 1 to 2 hours.

Bay County 2 E Panama City Beach 25 1200CST 1415CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water surrounded the building of Arnold High School via a series of pictures from WJHG's facebook page. Heavy rainfall rates of 2 to 3 inches per hour had occurred over the past couple of hours. Bay County Emergency Management also reported several road closures in the area around Panama City.

Franklin County 5 S Eastpoint 25 1322EST 0.01 20 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A tornado was spotted crossing over the St. George Island Bridge. No damage occurred.

Walton County Clear Springs 25 1400CST Mossy Head 26 1100CST 0 0 1.00M 0.00K Flood

Significant areal flooding occurred across Walton county due to prolonged periods of moderate to heavy rainfall. Four day rainfall totals of 8-12 inches were estimated across the county between Feb 22-26. Several creeks overflowed their banks and flooded several bridges and roadways. Monetary damage was estimated. Most of the damage cost was due to road repair. Several pictures of the flooding were posted on social media.

Bay County 3 SE Youngstown 25 1500CST 2 E Nixon 26 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Water from Bear Creek overflowed Ed Lee Road in northern Bay county due to prolonged periods of moderate to heavy rainfall over a 4 day period. Rainfall from 8-12 inches was estimated. This was reported by the public via a facebook post to WMBB-TV.

Calhoun County Altha 25 1800CST Center Lake 26 1100CST 0 0 1.10M 0.00K Flood

Significant areal flooding occurred across Calhoun county due to prolonged periods of moderate to heavy rainfall. Four day rainfall totals of around a foot were estimated across the county between Feb 22-26. The emergency manager estimated over $1 million in damages across the county, mainly due to road repair.

Holmes County Royals Crossroads 25 1800CST Leonia 26 1100CST 0 0 1.46M 0.00K Flood

Significant areal flooding occurred across Holmes county due to prolonged periods of moderate to heavy rainfall. Four day rainfall totals of 8-12 inches were estimated across the county between Feb 22-26. The emergency manager estimated over $1.4 million in damages across the county, mainly due to road repair. The following impacts were documented by the Public Works Department for Holmes county. 1) All roads in campsites off of Hwy 179 were under water except for Boat Ramp Rd. 2) Blue Springs Rd was completely closed and under water from River and Wrights 3) Horse Shoe Loop Rod was closed for approximately 500 ft from creek and river water backing up on the road. 4) Tobe Retherford Rd was closed due to water crossing 100 ft from Hwy 179 covering approximately 50 ft of the road. 5) Bonifay Gritney Rd was closed due to river and creek water backing up and covering bridge. About 200 ft of the road was under water. 6) Harris Stevenson Rd was closed due to Sikes Creek crossing the road and making it impassible. About 700 ft of the road was under water. 7) Bear Hewett Landing Rd was closed due to about 200 ft of the road under water. 8) Boat Landing Ln was closed due to river flooding. 9) John Marsh Rd was flooded and closed to thru traffic. 10) Curry Ferry Rd was under water from the river, cutting this road off. About 300 ft of the road was under water. 11) Buck Roger Rd was under water for about 200 ft. 12) The Choctawhatchee Boat Landing at Pittman off Hwy 2 was closed due to minor flooding. 13) A creek cut off road on Mt. Ida below the church.

39 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Northwest Washington County Bahoma 25 1800CST Caryville 26 1100CST 0 0 1.36M 0.00K Flood

Significant areal flooding occurred across Washington county due to prolonged periods of moderate to heavy rainfall. Four day rainfall totals of 8-12 inches were estimated across the county between Feb 22-26. The emergency manager estimated over $1.3 million in damages across the county, mainly due to road repair. At least 27 separate road closures were reported across the county.

Franklin County (AAF)Apalachicola Arpt 26 0424EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (67MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 67 knots is equivalent to 77 mph.

Franklin County Bay City 26 0424EST Mcintyre 0510EST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (65EG)

Several trees and power lines were blown down on Rosemont Drive. Numerous transformers were blown around Apalachicola, Eastpoint, and St. George Island. Power was cut to the stoplight in Apalachicola. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 65 knots is equivalent to 75 mph. Wakulla County Sopchoppy 26 0516EST Vereen 0535EST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Numerous trees and power lines were blown down across the county, especially around Crawfordville. Around 90% of the Crawfordville substation lost power. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Gadsden County 4 SW Gretna 26 0528EST 3 NW Sawdust 0615EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water was flowing over SR 12 south of I-19 at a depth of about 6 inches. There were also approximately 3-4 other reports of water over roads in other parts of Gadsden county.

Leon County 4 S Apalachee Regional Park 26 0545EST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down along Hidden Lakes Dr. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Leon County Southwood 26 0545EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A 75 foot pine tree was blown down at an apartment complex in the Southwood area. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jefferson County Monticello 26 0600EST 0 0 1.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jefferson County Waukeenah 26 0600EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were blown down. Monetary damage was estimated. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

40 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Northwest Leon County 1 N State Capitol Complex 26 0604EST 0645EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Four new road closures due to flash flooding were reported by the City of Tallahassee via Twitter. Heavy rainfall rates of 2-2.5 inches per hour occurred for around 1 hour on top of 8-13 inches of rain from the previous 4 days.

A series of upper level disturbance rotating around a mean longwave trough west of the area brought copious amounts of moisture into the area. The KTAE rawinsonde sounding on the evening of February 22nd measured a PWAT value of 1.77 inches, which was the 2nd highest PWAT observed during the month of February at that location. Rainfall amounts generally between 9 and 14 inches were observed during the 5 day period between Feb 22-26 across the Tallahassee area with similar amounts across the remainder of the Florida Panhandle. This led to areas of flooding. There were also some severe storms during the early morning hours of Feb 26th. The southeast big bend saw significantly less rainfall.

FLORIDA, Southern Broward County 1 SE (FLL)Ft Laudrdl Intl 14 1418EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

A trained spotter near the intersection of I-95 and I-595 reported a funnel cloud to the southeast. Movement was to the east.

Palm Beach County 2 WSW Ocean Ridge 14 1633EST 1634EST 0.03 10 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The Store Manager of Lowe's Home Improvement Center witnessed a tornado in the storm parking lot. Trees were downed, cars moved and a stop sign was broken. No other damage or injuries were reported.

A cold front moved into South Florida and stalled resulting in isolated strong to severe thunderstorms over metropolitan Broward and Palm Beach Counties during the afternoon.

FLORIDA, West Central

FLZ039-042-048> Citrus - Hardee - Hernando - Highlands - Hillsborough - Levy - Manatee - Pasco - Polk - Sarasota - 049-051>052-055> Sumter 057-060 18 0000EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

A cold front passed over the Florida peninsula on February 16th with cool air filling in behind the front. Temperatures fell down to near freezing along the Nature Coast on the morning of the 17th, but the coldest temperatures were recorded on the morning of the 18th. Temperatures stayed below freezing for up to 8 hours over the Nature Coast with hard freeze conditions occurring for up to 6 hours. Over Central Florida, freezing temperatures were recorded for around 2 to 4 hours with isolated locations recording a few hours of hard freeze conditions. Parts of southwest Florida experienced 2 to 3 hours of sub-freezing temperatures.

No significant crop damage was reported. Levy County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 6 to 8 hours across interior portions of the county. The coldest temperature reported was 25 degrees at the RAWS site at Lower Suwannee.

Citrus County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 6 to 8 hours across interior portions of the county. The coldest temperature reported was 27 degrees at the AWOS in Inverness.

Hernando County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 8 hours over interior portions of the county. The coldest temperature reported was 27 degrees at the mesonet site 2 miles northwest of Weeki Wachee.

Sumter County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for 4 to 6 hours across much of the county. The coldest temperature reported was 25 degrees at the FAWN site at Okahumpka, near the eastern Sumter county border.

Pasco County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 6 hours across much of the interior portions of the county. The coldest temperature reported was 27 degrees at the mesonet site 1 mile east-northeast of Zepherhills.

Isolated spots in interior Hillsborough County recorded freezing temperatures for around 2 hours. The coldest temperature reported was 32 degrees at the AWOS at Tampa Executive Airport.

Isolated spots in Polk County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 2 hours hours. The coldest temperature reported was 30 degrees at the AWOS in Bartow.

41 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, West Central

Isolated spots in interior Manatee County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for up to 2 hours. The coldest temperature reported was 30 degrees at the mesonet site 4 miles west-northwest of Lake Manatee State Park. Isolated spots in interior Sarasota County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 3 hours. The coldest temperature reported was 30 degrees at the FAWN site at North Port. Hardee County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for up to 4 hours across much of the county. The coldest temperature reported was 28 degrees at the COOP site at Wauchula. Isolated spots in Highlands County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for up to 4 hours. The coldest temperature reported was 28 degrees at the COOP site at Archbold. Levy County Cedar Key C-Man 26 0733EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (64MG)

The NOS C-MAN site at Cedar Key, MCKFY, measured a 64 knot thunderstorm wind gust.

Note: The measured wind gust of 64 knots is equivalent to 74 mph. Levy County Cedar Key 26 0735EST 0 0 60.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

The Cedar Key fire chief reported widespread wind damage with numerous trees and power lines down as well as damage to docks and boats in several locations around Cedar Key. Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Hillsborough County Cruise Terminal 2 Port Site 26 1112EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (62MG)

The PORTS site at Tampa Cruise Terminal 2 measured a 62 knot thunderstorm wind gust.

Note: The measured wind gust of 62 knots is equivalent to 71 mph. Hillsborough County 1 NNW Tpa P O Knight Arpt 26 1112EST 1 NW Cruise Terminal 2 Port Site 1116EST 0.73 50 0 0 35.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A SKYWARN spotter reported a waterspout that moved onto Harbor Island as a weak tornado and caused damage to trees, signs, and roof damage to the Westin Hotel and Jackson's Bistro. The tornado moved into the Channelside District where is damaged trees, signs, awnings, windows, tables, and chairs.

Hillsborough County 1 N Tpa P O Knight Arpt 26 1119EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Broadcast media estimated wind gusts of around 60 MPH on Harbor Island.

A strong cold front moved into the Nature Coast on the morning of the 26th, and passed south through Tampa bay through the afternoon. A squall line moved out ahead of the cold front, producing damaging downburst winds and a waterspout in the Tampa Bay that twice moved onshore as a tornado. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

FLORIDA, West Panhandle Santa Rosa County 5 W Navarre 22 1545CST 1546CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Lightning

A lightning strike resulted in a house fire in the town of Midway.

Lightning strikes started a fire which caused damage in Midway.

GEORGIA, Lower Coffee County 1 N Douglas 12 2330EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A large tree was blown down and went through a home on Gaskin Avenue in Douglas.

A surface low pressure system track over southeast Georgia along a warm front. The forcing and elevated instability near these features triggered a severe storm over Coffee county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

42 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, North and Central GAZ005>009-013- Fannin - Gilmer - Lumpkin - Murray - Pickens - Towns - Union - White 015>016 02 1000EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A dry cold front pushed through the area on the 1st, bringing a cold airmass to north and central Georgia. High pressure built in behind the front, and pushed offshore on Saturday the 2nd. An upper level clipper disturbance pushed through the Ohio Valley on the 2nd as well. Meanwhile, two weak surface boundaries moved through the area, one on Saturday afternoon and the other Saturday night, both of which brought shallow moisture to the area. With northwest winds, uplift as a result of topography enhanced the clipper system, and the resulting precipitation changed over to snow across portions of north Georgia. In the end, snowfall accumulation totaled generally betwee 3 to 5 inches, mainly across the mountains.

GAZ097 Laurens 06 0815EST 0 0 900.0K 0.00K Dense Fog On the morning of the 6th, surface high pressure was beginning to build into the area, with plentiful low-level moisture in place for the formation of patchy areas of very dense fog. Visibilities across central Georgia were reduced to a quarter mile or less in several areas. Lingering smoke combined with an area of dense fog to reduce visibility to less than 100 feet on Interstate 16 in far western Laurens county. These extremely poor visibilities led to a multiple-vehicle pileup at this location, with 27 vehicles involved, seven of them commercial trucks. One of the trucks was an empty fuel tanker; fumes inside the tanker exploded and caught fire. The accident resulted in four fatalities and at least nine injuries.

GAZ015 Lumpkin 14 1735EST 1900EST 0 0 0.5K 0.00K Wildfire

Surface high pressure moved into the area on the 14th, with a cold front approaching the state. Dry weather prevailed, but relative humidity values remained above fire danger criteria.

GAZ012 Gordon 16 1400EST 1752EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Wildfire

A mid-level trough axis pushed through the Southeast on the afternoon of the 16th, bringing some precipitation during the afternoon across mainly central Georgia. Behind the trough axis, a dry airmass began to spread over the area. However, because of significant recent rainfall, fuel moistures remained too high for any critical fire weather conditions.

GAZ046 Rockdale 26 0620EST 1 0 50.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Early on the 26th, an area of low pressure was located in the MidSouth, with a cold front stretching south across eastern Mississippi and a warm front stretching southeast toward the Georgia/Florida border. The warm front lifted north through the day as the cold front pushed east. Another round of significant heavy rainfall occurred during the morning hours, and the rain- cooled air behind the rainfall led to the development of a wake low across eastern Alabama. As this low moved across Georgia, winds increased enough to bring down isolated trees, especially since the soils were saturated as a result of the recent rains. One tree fell on a car, killing the occupant. M60VE

GEORGIA, Northeast

GAZ010 Rabun 02 1200EST 03 1000EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Light snow developed over the Georgia mountains around noon, and continued through the afternoon. Snow, heavy at times, continued through early evening. Total accumulations generally ranged from 2 to 4 inches across much of Rabun County. While the continuous snowfall ceased during mid-evening, occasional snow showers persisted into the morning hours of the 3rd. However, additional accumulation was spotty.

19 0400EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Weather

Precipitation developed across the mountains during the early morning hours. Precipitation fell mainly as snow in the high elevations, but snow levels quickly worked their way down to the valleys by sunrise before coming to an end. Most areas above 3000 feet saw 1 to 3 inches of snow. Valley locations saw accumulations from a light dusting to around an inch.

43 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, Southeast Bryan County 1 N Richmond Hill 12 1600EST 1601EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Broadcast media reported penny size hail. A warm front lifted north over the region as a surface low tracked from the northern Gulf of Mexico to the southeast coast. A shortwave accompanied the surface low and helped produced a few thunderstorms over southeast Georgia.

Bryan County 15 NNE Kilkenny 26 0900EST 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

The Chatham County Emergency Manager reported Grange Road closed between Highway 21 and Highway 25 due to flooding. An area of widespread light to moderate rain moved across much of southeast South Carolina and southeast Georgia during the overnight and early morning hours. Increased rainfall rates within embedded thunderstorms caused excessive amounts and eventually flash flooding around the Savannah metro area.

GEORGIA, Southwest

GAZ120>131-142> Baker - Ben Hill - Berrien - Brooks - Calhoun - Clay - Colquitt - Cook - Decatur - Dougherty - Early - 148-155>161 Grady - Irwin - Lanier - Lee - Lowndes - Miller - Mitchell - Quitman - Randolph - Seminole - Terrell - Thomas - Tift - Turner - Worth 01 0000EST 0 0 Drought 26 Heavy rain ended the drought by month's end across all of southwest and south-central Georgia.

Miller County 4 WNW Harmony Church Rd/hwy 45 11 1300EST 1430EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several roads were closed due to flash flooding north of Colquitt around U.S Highway 27 and State Highway 45.

Ben Hill County 1 NW Queensland 13 0300EST 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Persistent moderate to heavy rain over a greater than 6 hour period led to flooding over portions of Highway 129 as well as several dirt roads in Ben Hill County. No structures were impacted.

Irwin County 1 W Arp 13 0300EST 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Persistent moderate to heavy rain over a greater than 6 hour period led to flooding across portions of Irwin County. Around a half dozen dirt roads were closed around the county as well as portions of Highway 107. Irwin county schools were closed for the day as a result of the flooding. No structures were impacted.

Worth County 5 NW Sylvester 13 0300EST 1100EST 0 0 500.00K 0.00K Flood

Persistent moderate to heavy rain over a greater than 6 hour period led to significant flooding across portions of Worth county. There were up to 30 road closures in Sylvester with an additional 15 county roads closed and 4 roads closed in Poulan. 18 houses flooded in Sylvester with an additional 2 houses flooded in the county. Monetary damage was estimated.

Cook County 5 SW Flat Ford 14 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood 15 The bridge over the Little River in Reed Bingham State Park was closed due to flooding from the Little River from persistent moderate to heavy rain.

44 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, Southwest

As a cold front moved south into the region and stalled, a series of upper level disturbances moved through the area with broad southwest flow and moist conditions. As the boundary became oriented parallel to the upper level winds, training bands of convection set up, particularly across southwest Georgia where flash flooding and areal flooding occurred. Radar estimated that rainfall amounts of 8-10 inches occurred in a swath from Early county northeastward to Ben Hill county.

Irwin County Abba 23 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood Arp 24 Water was across several roads in the county with 7 road closures reported, mainly dirt roads. This was due a gradual accumulation of water from persistent moderate to heavy rainfall over a greater than 6 hour duration.

Tift County Sunsweet 23 1700EST 0 0 500.00K 0.00K Flood Ty Ty 24 Persistent moderate to heavy rainfall over a long duration led to a gradual accumulation of water that caused areal flooding. Around 9 roads were closed, some of which were heavily damaged. Water reached the bottom of the bridge at Old Brookfield Road from Christian Way to Carpenter Road. Monetary damage was estimated.

Worth County Warwick 23 1700EST Oakfield 26 0700EST 0 0 1.00M 0.00K Flood

Persistent moderate to heavy rainfall over a long duration led to significant flooding across the county. Several dozen roads were closed across the county, and water affected several homes on Willow Road in the western part of the county near Ponds. The water was about 1.5 feet up the skirting of the house porches. Monetary damage was estimated.

Thomas County Boston 24 1855EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Lowndes County I-75 At Exit 11 24 1905EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Brooks County 4 NW Quitman 24 1915EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Decatur County 1 WNW Hanover 25 1100EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Persistent moderate to heavy rain and saturated ground led to flooding along John Sam Road. The road was closed due to water over the road.

Grady County 3 N Cairo-Grady Arpt 26 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

A spotter reported that Pierce Chapel Road was flooded, and the yards of several homes in the area were flooded with driveways blocked. This was mainly due to the persistent moderate to heavy rainfall over a long duration and saturated ground. Around 12.2 inches of rain fell over a 3-4 day period.

Thomas County Metcalf 26 0611EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were blown down in the southern part of the county. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

45 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, Southwest Thomas County Boston 26 0628EST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down in the city of Boston. A series of upper level disturbance rotating around a mean longwave trough west of the area brought copious amounts of moisture into the area. The KTAE rawinsonde sounding on the evening of February 22nd measured a PWAT value of 1.77 inches, which was the 2nd highest PWAT observed during the month of February at that location. Rainfall amounts from near 5 inches to excess of 13 inches were observed during the 5 day period between Feb 22-26. This led to areas of flooding. A couple of severe storms also occurred during the early morning hours of Feb 26th. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. HAWAII

HIZ013>015-018> Big Island Interior - Kohala - Kona - Lanai Makai - Lanai Mauka - Leeward Haleakala - Maui Central 019-021-023>024- Valley - Maui Leeward West - Molokai Leeward - South Big Island 026>027 01 0000HST 28 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Rainfall helped in many areas around the Aloha State in February, especially on Oahu, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii. However, many of the drought-stricken sections did not see enough precipitation to move beyond the D2 category. Water restrictions remained in force for those areas.

HIZ001>003-006> Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Kohala - Kona - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - 008-012>013-017- Molokai Leeward - Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae Coast - 019>020-023-026 Windward Haleakala 01 0100HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf 02 A swell from a powerful low far northwest of the islands generated surf of 15 to 30 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai, and the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; 10 to 20 feet along the west-facing shores of Oahu and Molokai; and 6 to 10 feet along the west-facing shores of the Big Island of Hawaii. No serious injuries or property damage were reported.

Hawaii County 1 SSW Halaula 07 0141HST 2 SSE Mountain View 0438HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

A band of heavy trade showers fell over parts of windward Big Island. The rain caused ponding on roadways, and small stream and drainage ditch flooding. There were no reports of significant property damage or injuries.

HIZ001>003-006> Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Kona - Maui Windward West - Molokai Leeward - Molokai 008-012>013-017- Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae Coast - Windward Haleakala 020-023 08 1400HST 11 0200HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a strong low far northwest of the Aloha State produced surf of 15 to 25 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai; 10 to 20 feet along the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; 8 to 15 feet along the west -facing shores of Oahu and Molokai; and 6 to 8 feet along the west-facing shores of the Big Island of Hawaii. Beaches on the north side of Kauai; Kee, Hanalei, and Haena; were closed the afternoon of the 8th due to too-high surf. No significant injuries or property damage were reported.

15 0700HST 18 1400HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

HIZ002-006>009- Big Island North and East - Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Kona - Maui Central Valley - Maui 012>013-017-019> Windward West - Molokai Leeward - Molokai Windward - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Olomana - 020-023>025 South Big Island - Waianae Coast - Windward Haleakala 15 0700HST 27 1400HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a low far northwest of the islands caused surf of 10 to 18 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai, and the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; 8 to 12 feet along the west-facing shores of Oahu and Molokai; and 6 to 8 feet along the west-facing shores of the Big Island of Hawaii. A trade wind swell generated surf of 8 to 10 feet along the east-facing shores of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island. There were no reports of serious property damage or injuries.

46 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII HIZ008-025 Big Island North and East - Oahu Koolau 16 1430HST 1715HST 0 0 3.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

HIZ005 Oahu South Shore 17 0810HST 0830HST 0 0 3.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

HIZ005-008-018- Kohala - Maui Leeward West - Oahu Koolau - Oahu South Shore 026 18 0745HST 1915HST 0 0 72.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong pressure gradient became established across the islands as a high built far north of the state. Northeast and east trade winds pummeled the area, and they led to damages in several locales from Oahu to the Big Island of Hawaii. No serious injuries were reported, however.

Maui County 1 SE Nahiku 20 0235HST 1 W Kaupo 0826HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 4 SSE Halaula 20 0426HST 3 SSW Kurtistown 0825HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County Kokomo 21 1303HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Kaupakalua Road was closed near Haiku and Makawao avenues in Makawao because of high water.

Hawaii County 5 NNE Pahala 21 1432HST 2 SW Naalehu 1626HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 NNE Kaupakulua 21 1453HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Kaupakalua Road was closed between West Kuiaha Road and Awalau Road because of high water.

Maui County 1 SW Kokomo 21 1509HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Makawao Avenue was closed between Kee Road and Kokomo Road because of high water.

Kauai County 4 ENE Na Pali Coast Sp 21 1545HST 22 0800HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

About 50 hikers were stranded on the west side of the Hanakapiai Stream by Hanakapiai Beach along the Na Pali Coast on Kauai due to elevated stream levels overnight. At 8 AM the next morning, Kauai Fire Department personnel were able to safely assist the hikers across the stream.

Maui County 1 NE Makawao 21 1559HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Brewer Road was closed and impassable due to high water from rainfall.

47 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Kauai County 4 ENE Na Pali Coast Sp 21 1630HST 22 0830HST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

One of the approximately 50 hikers stranded on the Na Pali Coast on Kauai was swept into the swollen Hanakapiai Stream near Hanakapiai Beach. The body was recovered at 8:30 AM the next morning, 2/22/13. F?IW

Hawaii County 1 SW Ookala 21 1713HST 4 SSE Pahoa 22 1313HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 SW Kokomo 21 1720HST 1 NE Makawao 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Kee Road was closed between Makawao Avenue and Baldwin Avenue due to flooding.

Maui County 1 SW Kokomo 21 1930HST 1 NE Makawao 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Makawao Avenue was closed between Piiholo and Kokomo Road, also between Apana and Laie Road.

Maui County 1 ENE Haliimaile 21 2120HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Kaluanui Road and Kealaloa Avenue were closed due to flooding.

Honolulu County 1 SSE Kahuku 22 0411HST 2 NNW Kahaluu 0854HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 2 NNE Papa 22 1626HST 1724HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County Kaupakulua 22 1949HST 1 W Kipahulu 23 0349HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 3 SSW Kona Village Resort 23 1606HST 2 ENE Kealakekua 1709HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 NE Paia 23 1849HST 1 NE Kipahulu 2123HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 2 SE Holualoa 23 1922HST 5 ESE Honaunau National Pk 2003HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 2 NNE Pepeekeo 23 2313HST 2 W Hawaiian Beaches 24 0210HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Heavy rain brought flash flooding, mainly to the Valley Isle of Maui. There were no reports of serious injuries. The costs of any property damage were not available.

48 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII HIZ001>003-006> Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - Molokai Leeward - 008-012>013-017- Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae Coast - Windward Haleakala 019>020 28 0400HST 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a strong low far northwest of the Aloha State produced surf of 15 to 20 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai, and along the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; and 10 to 15 feet along the west- facing shores of Oahu and Molokai. No significant property damage or injuries were reported.

HIZ013>015-018> Big Island Interior - Kohala - Kona - Lanai Makai - Lanai Mauka - Leeward Haleakala - Maui Central 019-021-023>024- Valley - Maui Leeward West - Molokai Leeward - South Big Island 026>027 01 0000HST 28 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Rainfall helped in many areas around the Aloha State in February, especially on Oahu, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii. However, many of the drought-stricken sections did not see enough precipitation to move beyond the D2 category. Water restrictions remained in force for those areas.

HIZ001>003-006> Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Kohala - Kona - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - 008-012>013-017- Molokai Leeward - Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae Coast - 019>020-023-026 Windward Haleakala 01 0100HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf 02 A swell from a powerful low far northwest of the islands generated surf of 15 to 30 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai, and the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; 10 to 20 feet along the west-facing shores of Oahu and Molokai; and 6 to 10 feet along the west-facing shores of the Big Island of Hawaii. No serious injuries or property damage were reported.

Hawaii County 1 SSW Halaula 07 0141HST 2 SSE Mountain View 0438HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

A band of heavy trade showers fell over parts of windward Big Island. The rain caused ponding on roadways, and small stream and drainage ditch flooding. There were no reports of significant property damage or injuries.

HIZ001>003-006> Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Kona - Maui Windward West - Molokai Leeward - Molokai 008-012>013-017- Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae Coast - Windward Haleakala 020-023 08 1400HST 11 0200HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a strong low far northwest of the Aloha State produced surf of 15 to 25 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai; 10 to 20 feet along the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; 8 to 15 feet along the west -facing shores of Oahu and Molokai; and 6 to 8 feet along the west-facing shores of the Big Island of Hawaii. Beaches on the north side of Kauai; Kee, Hanalei, and Haena; were closed the afternoon of the 8th due to too-high surf. No significant injuries or property damage were reported.

15 0700HST 18 1400HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

HIZ002-006>009- Big Island North and East - Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Kona - Maui Central Valley - Maui 012>013-017-019> Windward West - Molokai Leeward - Molokai Windward - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Olomana - 020-023>025 South Big Island - Waianae Coast - Windward Haleakala 15 0700HST 27 1400HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a low far northwest of the islands caused surf of 10 to 18 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai, and the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; 8 to 12 feet along the west-facing shores of Oahu and Molokai; and 6 to 8 feet along the west-facing shores of the Big Island of Hawaii. A trade wind swell generated surf of 8 to 10 feet along the east-facing shores of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island. There were no reports of serious property damage or injuries.

49 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII HIZ008-025 Big Island North and East - Oahu Koolau 16 1430HST 1715HST 0 0 3.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

HIZ005 Oahu South Shore 17 0810HST 0830HST 0 0 3.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

HIZ005-008-018- Kohala - Maui Leeward West - Oahu Koolau - Oahu South Shore 026 18 0745HST 1915HST 0 0 72.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong pressure gradient became established across the islands as a high built far north of the state. Northeast and east trade winds pummeled the area, and they led to damages in several locales from Oahu to the Big Island of Hawaii. No serious injuries were reported, however.

Maui County 1 SE Nahiku 20 0235HST 1 W Kaupo 0826HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 4 SSE Halaula 20 0426HST 3 SSW Kurtistown 0825HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County Kokomo 21 1303HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Kaupakalua Road was closed near Haiku and Makawao avenues in Makawao because of high water.

Hawaii County 5 NNE Pahala 21 1432HST 2 SW Naalehu 1626HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 NNE Kaupakulua 21 1453HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Kaupakalua Road was closed between West Kuiaha Road and Awalau Road because of high water.

Maui County 1 SW Kokomo 21 1509HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Makawao Avenue was closed between Kee Road and Kokomo Road because of high water.

Kauai County 4 ENE Na Pali Coast Sp 21 1545HST 22 0800HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

About 50 hikers were stranded on the west side of the Hanakapiai Stream by Hanakapiai Beach along the Na Pali Coast on Kauai due to elevated stream levels overnight. At 8 AM the next morning, Kauai Fire Department personnel were able to safely assist the hikers across the stream.

Maui County 1 NE Makawao 21 1559HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Brewer Road was closed and impassable due to high water from rainfall.

50 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Kauai County 4 ENE Na Pali Coast Sp 21 1630HST 22 0830HST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

One of the approximately 50 hikers stranded on the Na Pali Coast on Kauai was swept into the swollen Hanakapiai Stream near Hanakapiai Beach. The body was recovered at 8:30 AM the next morning, 2/22/13. F?IW

Hawaii County 1 SW Ookala 21 1713HST 4 SSE Pahoa 22 1313HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 SW Kokomo 21 1720HST 1 NE Makawao 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Kee Road was closed between Makawao Avenue and Baldwin Avenue due to flooding.

Maui County 1 SW Kokomo 21 1930HST 1 NE Makawao 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Makawao Avenue was closed between Piiholo and Kokomo Road, also between Apana and Laie Road.

Maui County 1 ENE Haliimaile 21 2120HST 2353HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Kaluanui Road and Kealaloa Avenue were closed due to flooding.

Honolulu County 1 SSE Kahuku 22 0411HST 2 NNW Kahaluu 0854HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 2 NNE Papa 22 1626HST 1724HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County Kaupakulua 22 1949HST 1 W Kipahulu 23 0349HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 3 SSW Kona Village Resort 23 1606HST 2 ENE Kealakekua 1709HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 NE Paia 23 1849HST 1 NE Kipahulu 2123HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 2 SE Holualoa 23 1922HST 5 ESE Honaunau National Pk 2003HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 2 NNE Pepeekeo 23 2313HST 2 W Hawaiian Beaches 24 0210HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Heavy rain brought flash flooding, mainly to the Valley Isle of Maui. There were no reports of serious injuries. The costs of any property damage were not available.

51 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII HIZ001>003-006> Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - Molokai Leeward - 008-012>013-017- Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae Coast - Windward Haleakala 019>020 28 0400HST 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a strong low far northwest of the Aloha State produced surf of 15 to 20 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai, and along the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; and 10 to 15 feet along the west- facing shores of Oahu and Molokai. No significant property damage or injuries were reported.

IDAHO, Northwest

IDZ003 Idaho Palouse 07 1900PST 08 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An area of low pressure tracked through southeastern Washington and the Idaho Panhandle during the evening hours of February 7th through the morning of the 8th. A persistent deformation axis on its northern periphery setup over the lower Idaho Panhandle resulting in several hours of light to moderate snow. Most locations under this band received between one to three inches of snow with accumulations mainly focusing on grassy surfaces. The exception was under narrow, heavier bands which set up over the Idaho Palouse and brought upwards of four to five inches. This included the communities of Moscow, Potlatch, and Viola. Roads were snow covered during the morning commute but quickly melted by midday.

IDZ001-004 Central Panhandle Mountains - Northern Panhandle 22 1300PST 23 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A potent and moist Pacific storm system slammed into the Inland Northwest from the afternoon hours of February 22nd through midday on the 23rd. A combination of moist isentropic ascent coupled with strong orographic flow resulted in heavy mountain snow across the mountains of Northern Idaho. Snow levels started off near valley floors but eventually rose near 3000 feet as warmer air punched into the region. Valley locations received between one to four inches of snow while eight to twelve inches fell in the mountains.

IDAHO, Southeast

IDZ022-025 Caribou Highlands - South Central Highlands - Wasatch Mountains/Idaho Portion

08 0600MST 09 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A Pacific storm brought heavy snow to the southern mountains of Idaho with several locations measuring 10 to 15 inches.

IDZ031 Big and Little Wood River Region 22 1800MST 23 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

IDZ019-022-023 Caribou Highlands - South Central Highlands - Upper Snake Highlands

22 1800MST 23 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IDZ020-021 Lower Snake River Plain - Upper Snake River Plain 23 0100MST 1800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A powerful winter storm pulled through a cold front and heavy snow and strong winds caused blizzard conditions at times throughout southeast Idaho. Some roads were closed in the Upper Snake and Caribou Highlands. The heavy snow and winds even reached the Snake River Plain and Eastern Magic Valley where 4 to 8 inches of snow fell with strong winds and below 1/4 mile visibility. Several mountain locations received over 10 inches of snowfall.

52 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IDAHO, Southwest IDZ014 Upper Treasure Valley 05 2330MST 06 1200MST 0 0 0.00K Dense Fog

Dense fog and a brief period of freezing rain in the Treasure Valley of Southwest Idaho caused numerous accidents throughout the area.

IDZ016-030 Southern Twin Falls County - Western Magic Valley 08 2030MST 09 1030MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A snow storm hit parts of South Central Idaho on the 8th and 9th of the month leaving 5 to 9 inches of snow across Twin Falls County.

IDZ016 Western Magic Valley 20 0100MST 0930MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Another snow storm struck South Central Idaho on the 20th leaving 5 to 7 inches of snow across the Twin Falls area.

IDZ014 Upper Treasure Valley 23 0430MST 0500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

IDZ030 Southern Twin Falls County 23 0500MST 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

IDZ016 Western Magic Valley 23 0500MST 0530MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front swept through the Intermountain West early in the morning on the 23rd. Snow squalls and high winds with damage to trees and power lines were reported across the region.

ILLINOIS, Central

ILZ040-047-049- Cass - Morgan - Schuyler - Scott 050 21 1315CST 22 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

ILZ042-048-051 Logan - Menard - Sangamon 21 1430CST 22 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm system tracking from the southern Plains to the Great Lakes brought heavy snow to west-central Illinois during the afternoon and evening of February 21st. The highest accumulations of 4 to 6 inches were generally confined to locations along and southwest of a Canton to Springfield line, with as much as 7.5 inches falling in Rushville in Schuyler County. As the snow tapered off, a period of light freezing rain occurred later in the evening, resulting in minor ice accumulations near the I-55 corridor.

ILZ027-040 Knox - Schuyler - Stark 26 0100CST 2030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Low pressure tracking from Oklahoma into the Ohio River Valley brought heavy snow to west-central Illinois during the morning and early afternoon of February 26th. In excess of 4 inches fell along and west of the Illinois River, with the highest totals of 5 to 8 inches occurring across portions of Stark, Knox, and Schuyler counties. Several road closures and power outages were reported due to the heavy, wet snow and 25 to 35 mph winds.

53 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, Northeast ILZ005-006 Lake - McHenry 07 1000CST 08 0130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A snow storm dropped heavy snow across portions of far northeastern Illinois. Snow began falling mid-morning on February 7th and persisted until just after midnight that evening. With Lake Michigan enhancing snow totals, portions of Lake County received 6 to 10 inches of snow while McHenry County received 6 to 8 inches. Storm total snow amounts include 9.6 inches one mile west of Beach Park; 8.8 inches one mile south-southwest of Lake Villa; 8.2 inches two miles southeast of Fox Lake; 8.1 inches two miles north of Spring Grove; 8.0 inches five miles northwest of Woodstock; 7.9 inches two miles north of Waukegan; 7.8 inches two miles west of Gurnee; 7.3 inches one mile north of Hawthorn Woods; 7.1 inches two miles west- northwest of Bull Valley; 7.1 inches in Mundelein; 6.7 inches in Hebron; 6.7 inches one mile west-northwest of Wonder Lake; 6.5 inches in Lake Zurich; 6.4 inches one mile south of Highwood; and 6.2 inches two miles southeast of Lakemoor.

ILZ014 Cook 07 1040CST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill Temperatures in the low 30's contributed to the death of a man in his 60's. M60PS

09 0345CST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill Temperatures around 20 contributed to the death of a man in his 60's. M60OU

11 1048CST 1051CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A cold front swept across the region with 58 mph wind gusts reported at Midway Airport.

18 1830CST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Strong winds led to a 25 foot tall light pole being blown over onto a car in a parking lot.

25 1003CST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill Temperatures around 20 contributed to the death of 56-year-old man. M56OU

ILZ005-012>014 Cook - Du Page - Kane - Lake - McHenry 26 1030CST 27 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A snow storm dropped heavy snow across portions of northeastern Illinois. Areas generally saw 6 to 10 inches of snow, however a few sites in Lake County reported around a foot of snow. Some of the highest snow reports include: 12.1 inches 4 miles west of Antioch; 12.0 inches 2 miles east-southeast of Antioch; 12.0 inches in Gurnee; 11.7 inches one mile west of Beach Park; 10.7 inches two miles west of Gurnee; 10.5 inches one mile south-southwest of Lake Villa; 10.2 inches in Grayslake; 10.1 inches in Richmond; 9.8 inches one mile west-northwest of Wonder Lake; 9.6 inches two miles north of Buffalo Grove; 9.1 inches two miles southeast of Fox Lake; 8.5 inches two miles north of Waukegan; 8.4 inches one mile south of Highwood; 8.2 inches in McHenry; 8.0 inches two miles southeast of Lakemoor; and 8.0 inches two miles north of Spring Grove.

ILLINOIS, Northwest

ILZ034-035 Hancock - McDonough 21 1300CST 22 0430CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

ILZ001-007-009- Bureau - Carroll - Henderson - Henry - Jo Daviess - Mercer - Putnam - Rock Island - Stephenson - 015>018-024>026 Warren - Whiteside 21 1350CST 22 1245CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Strong low pressure tracked from the southern Plains into eastern Iowa and then into Upper Michigan February 21-22, 2013. This system spread a swath of moderate to briefly heavy snow and strong winds over much of the area. Snowfall amounts of 3 to 6 inches were common, with isolated higher amounts. The heaviest snow fell across portions of eastern Iowa and extreme northeast Missouri. Fairfield, Iowa in Jefferson county had 7 inches of snow with Vinton in Benton county picking up 6.5 inches. A trained spotter in Memphis, Missouri in Scotland county measured 6 inches of snow. Wind gusts in the 30 to 35 mph range created considerable blowing and drifting as temperatures were in the 20s.

54 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, Northwest ILZ001-007-009- Bureau - Carroll - Hancock - Henderson - Henry - Jo Daviess - McDonough - Mercer - Putnam - Rock 015>018-024>026- Island - Stephenson - Warren - Whiteside 034>035 26 0515CST 27 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large and slow moving intense low pressure system tracked out of the southern Plains and into southern Illinois and then to Lake Erie on February 26-27, 2013. In the meantime, an upper level low pushed across western Illinois and into the western Great Lakes region. This cyclone spread moderate to heavy snow across much of the area with snowfall amounts of 5 to 10 inches common, with isolated higher amounts. Wind gusts were in the 30 to 35 mph range producing some blowing and drifting as temperatures hovered near the freezing mark. At the height of the storm, snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour were reported. The highest amount of snow was 11.8 inches northeast of Downing, Missouri in Scotland county. An observer near Stanley, Iowa in Buchanan county measured 10 inches with almost 9 inches near Farmington in Van Buren county. At Freeport, Illinois in Stephenson county nearly 8 inches was reported. Due to the heavy wet nature of the snow, combined with strong winds and temperatures near freezing, some power outages were noted.

ILLINOIS, South

ILZ075>078-080> Edwards - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Jefferson - Perry - Saline - Wabash - Wayne - White - 083-085>087 Williamson 03 0000CST 0400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A fast-moving disturbance in the upper levels of the atmosphere raced southeast from the Dakotas across the Lower Ohio Valley. A burst of moderate to heavy snow accompanied this system, producing one to two inches of snowfall within a couple of hours. Visibility was reduced to one-quarter to one-half mile. The accumulating snow occurred along and northeast of a line from Pinckneyville to Harrisburg to Shawneetown. Specific snowfall amounts included 2 inches in Du Quoin, Herrin, and Harrisburg, 1.5 inches in Mount Vernon, and 1 inch in Fairfield. There was a small pocket of 3 to 4 inches of snow on the west side of Rend Lake in southwest Jefferson and northwest Franklin Counties. Roads were snow-covered and slippery, especially secondary roads.

Gallatin County Shawneetown 04 0600CST 10 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Minor flooding occurred along the Ohio River. Low-lying woods and fields were flooded, along with river access roads and boat ramps.

Massac County Brookport 06 1400CST 11 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Minor flooding occurred along the Ohio River. Low-lying woods and fields, as well as riverside access roads, were inundated. Small portions of Fort Massac State Park in Metropolis were flooded.

Pulaski County 3 SSE New Grand Chain 07 1300CST 1 E Olmsted 11 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Minor flooding occurred along the Ohio River. Low-lying woods and fields, as well as riverside access roads, were inundated.

Heavy rain in the northern half of the Ohio Valley caused rises along the Ohio River. Minor flooding occurred along some stretches of the river.

ILZ083-084 Jackson - White 18 1000CST 1800CST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

South winds increased ahead of a cold front approaching from Missouri. Sustained winds were mostly from 15 to 30 mph, with gusts from 35 to 45 mph. A couple of locations measured gusts over 45 mph. The automated observing system at the Carbondale airport measured a gust to 52 mph. The automated system at the Carmi airport measured a gust to 46 mph.

ILZ080-084>088- Alexander - Franklin - Gallatin - Jackson - Perry - Saline - Union - Williamson 092 21 1000CST 1900CST 0 0 150.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

55 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, South ILZ075>078-082> Edwards - Hamilton - Hardin - Jefferson - Johnson - Massac - Pope - Pulaski - Wabash - Wayne - White 083-089>091-093> 094 21 1100CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system moved slowly northeast from the southern Plains into western Missouri. A warm front extending east from the low pressure center lifted north across the Tennessee Valley. A large area of wintry precipitation developed ahead of the warm front. The heaviest accumulations of sleet and freezing rain were over the Mississippi River counties, as well as an east to west band along Illinois Route 13 through the Harrisburg area. Those areas received one-half to one inch of sleet and/or about one-quarter inch of freezing rain. Across the remainder of southern Illinois, sleet accumulations were less than one-half inch, and ice accumulations were under one-quarter inch. About one inch of sleet was reported at Carbondale, and three- quarters of an inch of sleet at Benton. One-quarter inch of icing was reported in Gallatin County. Roads were reported to be slick and very hazardous, mainly along and north of a line from Shawneetown to Harrisburg to Carbondale. Numerous accidents were reported in Gallatin and Franklin Counties. A brief period of heavy snow accumulated to a depth of about one- half to one inch along and west of a Mount Vernon to Carbondale line.

ILLINOIS, Southwest

ILZ058>060-064> Adams - Bond - Brown - Calhoun - Clinton - Fayette - Greene - Jersey - Macoupin - Madison - Marion - 065-069>070-074- Monroe - Montgomery - Pike - Randolph - St. Clair - Washington 079-095>102 21 0900CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A major winter storm hits parts of Southwest Illinois. A mixture of freezing rain and sleet eventually changed to snow and accumulated from 6 - 8 inches.

INDIANA, Central

INZ047 Marion 19 0107EST 0 0 High Wind High winds accompanied a frontal passage through central Indiana. Gusts before and along with frontal passage ranged from 35 to 58 mph.

INZ030-056 Clinton - Shelby 21 1730EST 1950EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Weather

An approaching low pressure system from the southwest, with its associated warm front riding north to northeast over the area, sent a widespread band of precipitation across central Indiana during the afternoon and into the late evening of February 21st. Much of central Indiana received one-half of an inch or more of sleet. Pockets of freezing rain also occurred on the evening of the 21st.

INDIANA, Northeast

INZ003 La Porte 02 0100CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

INZ004>006-014 Elkhart - Lagrange - Marshall - St. Joseph 02 0200EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An Alberta Clipper dropped between 2 and 4 inches of accumulating snow on the region, with heavier amounts in excess of 6 inches near the Lake Michigan shoreline in northwest Indiana.

INZ003>009-014- Allen - De Kalb - Elkhart - Kosciusko - La Porte - Lagrange - Marshall - Noble - St. Joseph - Steuben - 016>018 Whitley 04 0100CST 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An Alberta Clipper brought accumulating snow to northeast Indiana on February 4th, with total accumulations generally ranging between 2 and 4 inches.

56 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

INDIANA, Northeast INZ003-006>008- Cass - La Porte - Lagrange - Noble - Steuben - White - Whitley 017-020-022 21 0100EST 22 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

INZ004-009-012> Adams - Allen - Blackford - De Kalb - Elkhart - Fulton - Grant - Huntington - Jay - Marshall - Miami - 015-018-023>027- Pulaski - St. Joseph - Starke - Wabash - Wells 032>034 22 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A warm front lifting through the region brought a period of snow, sleet, and freezing rain to northern Indiana during the early morning hours of February 22.

INZ006>009-013- Adams - Allen - Blackford - Cass - De Kalb - Fulton - Grant - Huntington - Jay - Kosciusko - Lagrange - 015>018-020-022> Miami - Noble - Pulaski - Steuben - Wabash - Wells - White - Whitley 027-032>034 26 0700EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong low pressure system lifting northeast through the Midwest and Great Lakes brought a period of moderate freezing rain to northern Indiana on February 26th. Ice accretions near a tenth of an inch were common.

INDIANA, Southeast

INZ066 Franklin 21 2100EST 22 1000EST 0 0 Ice Storm

INZ050-074 Dearborn - Wayne 21 2100EST 22 1000EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A significant winter storm system over the Plains moved into the mid-Mississippi Valley, spreading a wintry mix of precipitation across the Ohio Valley during the evening hours of February 21 into the morning hours of February 22. With sub- freezing temperatures near the surface, the precipitation started off as a mix of sleet/snow early on and then transitioned to mainly freezing rain as warmer air aloft nosed into the region. Snow and sleet accumulations were generally less than an inch, and ice accumulations from freezing rain generally ranged from one to two tenths of an inch.

INDIANA, Southwest

INZ085>088 Posey - Spencer - Vanderburgh - Warrick 03 0200CST 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A fast-moving disturbance in the upper levels of the atmosphere raced southeast from the Dakotas across the Lower Ohio Valley. A burst of moderate snow accompanied this system, producing one to two inches of snowfall within a couple of hours. Visibility was reduced to one-half to one mile. The accumulating snow occurred along and south of Interstate 64. Specific snowfall amounts included 2 inches in Mount Vernon, and 1 inch in Evansville and Poseyville. Roads were snow-covered and slippery, especially secondary roads.

Warrick County 1 SSE Newburgh 04 0900CST 08 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Minor flooding occurred along the Ohio River. Low-lying fields and woodlands were inundated, along with river access roads.

Posey County Mt Vernon 05 0700CST 09 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Minor flooding occurred along the Ohio River. Low-lying fields and woodlands were inundated, along with river access roads.

57 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

INDIANA, Southwest

Heavy rain in the northern half of the Ohio Valley caused rises along the Ohio River. Minor flooding occurred along some stretches of the river.

INZ087 Warrick 18 1000CST 1800CST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

South winds increased ahead of a cold front approaching from Missouri. Sustained winds were mostly from 15 to 30 mph, with gusts from 35 to 45 mph. One location measured a gust over 45 mph. A trained spotter at Newburgh in Warrick County measured a gust to 47 mph.

INZ081-085-086 Gibson - Posey - Vanderburgh 21 1500CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system moved slowly northeast from the southern Plains into western Missouri. A warm front extending east from the low pressure center lifted north across the Tennessee Valley. A large area of wintry precipitation developed ahead of the warm front. Across Gibson County, roads were very slippery due to a combination of snow, sleet, and freezing rain. U.S. Highway 41 was extremely slippery in Gibson County. A thin glaze of ice less than one-quarter inch was reported on trees and power lines in Evansville. The Posey County area received a mixed bag of wintry precipitation. Accumulations were generally less than one-half inch of sleet and less than one-quarter inch of freezing rain.

IOWA, Central

IAZ004>007-015> Adair - Adams - Audubon - Black Hawk - Boone - Bremer - Butler - Calhoun - Carroll - Cass - Cerro 017-023>028-033> Gordo - Clarke - Crawford - Dallas - Decatur - Emmet - Franklin - Greene - Guthrie - Hamilton - 036-039-044>047- Hancock - Humboldt - Kossuth - Lucas - Madison - Palo Alto - Pocahontas - Polk - Ringgold - Sac - Taylor 057>060-070>073- - Union - Warren - Wayne - Webster - Winnebago - Worth - Wright 081>084-092>095 21 1200CST 22 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An upper low pressure area moved from the southwest U.S. into Iowa during the 21st into the early morning hours of the 22nd. The system was a negatively tilted trough in the decaying stage as the low moved into Iowa. The surface low associated with this system tracked northeast across the southeast corner of Iowa. Initially, a cold and dry airmass was in place over Iowa. A strong push of moisture from the south was present over Iowa by the late afternoon and evening hours. Strong isentropic lift aided in the development of snow as well. The storm system was inhibited as the dry slot of the storm moved into the state. Snow fell initially over southern Iowa as an area of thunderstorms to the southwest moved in and weakened. The storm was dominated by banded heavy snow during the evening and overnight hours. There were two primary bands of snow that set up in the warm conveyer. One was across southern Iowa. It moved into the central counties before weakening. The second band set up over northern Iowa and persisted through much of the night. There was little wind with the storm as it was weakening as it approached Iowa. Winds were generally northeast at 10 to 20 mph, with a few gusts in the 25 to 30 MPH range. This caused drifting of the snow, but little blowing snow. Six to seven inches of snow was common over south central into southwest Iowa with the southern band of snow. The northern band produced 6 to 9 inches. Heavier snow totals for the storm included 9 inches in Palo Alto County at Emmetsburg as well as in Pocahontas County at Pocahontas, 8.5 inches northeast of Northwood in Worth County, 8 inches in Winnebago County at Lake Mills, 7.7 inches in Humboldt County in Dakota City, 7.5 inches in Cerro Gordo County southwest of Mason City. Several locations reported around 7 inches of snow with 7.1 inches in Hancock County at Kanawha, and 7 inches in the following locations: Winterset in Madison County, Denison in Crawford County, Creston in Union County, and at Beaconsfield and Mt. Ayr both in Ringgold County. The main impact of the storm was slippery road conditions. Roads quickly became completely snow packed shortly after the snow began. Snowfall rates at the height of the storm were around an inch per hour, with visibility restricted to 1/4 mile in heavy snow. Numerous schools and businesses were closed due to the storm by the afternoon of the 21st, continuing into the morning of the 22nd.

IAZ027-037>039- Appanoose - Black Hawk - Boone - Butler - Clarke - Dallas - Davis - Decatur - Grundy - Hardin - Jasper - 047>050-059>062- Lucas - Madison - Mahaska - Marion - Marshall - Monroe - Polk - Poweshiek - Ringgold - Story - Tama - 072>075-082>086- Union - Wapello - Warren - Wayne 093>097 26 0400CST 27 0900CST 0 0 130.0K 0.00K Heavy Snow

58 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Central

A strong low pressure system, both surface and aloft, moved out of the southwest U.S. through the central states into the northeast U.S. during the 25th through 27th of February. The surface low moved out of Oklahoma into Missouri on the morning of the 26th. Snow spread north into southern Iowa before daybreak on the 26th, and continued north through the day. A band of heavy snowfall with snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hours set up during the morning from northeast into central and parts of south central Iowa. The initial snow over southern Iowa was due to warm air advection. As the system progressed, it turned into a banded heavy snow event. A band of very heavy snow became established from southwest of Waterloo, into the Des Moines metro area, to near Lamoni. The band was about 25 miles wide with snowfall of 8 to nearly 16 inches common within this area. Snow amounts tapered off rather rapidly on either side of the band, however a broad band of 7 to 10 inch snowfall extended from south central into central and northeast Iowa. The snow event was a prolonged event with the deformation zone holding nearly stationary over the state during the night of the 26th into the morning of the 27th. The cold conveyer feeding the band extended all the way into the Mid-Atlantic States. Some of the heavier snow totals include 16 inches in the city of Traer, with 15.5 inches west of Traer in Tama County, 14 inches at State Center in Marshall County and south of Evansdale in Black Hawk County, 13.8 inches northwest of Centerville in Appanoose County, 13.5 inches in Grundy Center in Grundy County as well as north of La Porte City in Black Hawk County and north of Winterset in Madison County, 13.1 inches at Lamoni in Decatur County. Several locations across central into northeast Iowa received between 11 and 13 inches with numerous reports over 10 inches. Roads became snow covered and slippery, especially during the morning of the 26th, and again after sunset on the 26th into the morning of the 27th. Hundreds of traffic accidents were reported. In Des Moines, near gridlock occurred as snowfall rates of 2 inches per hour and 1/8 mile visibility occurred during the height of rush hour. During the daylight hours, many roads became wet due to the lateness of the season and mild temperatures. There were few reports of blowing snow during this event, however considerable drifting of snow occurred with winds of 20 to 30 MPH and gusty during the height of the storm. Numerous events were canceled or postponed both on the 26th and morning of the 27th.

Map showing preliminary snowfall totals from the heavy snow event of 26-27 February 2013.

IOWA, East Central and Southeast

IAZ076-087>089- Des Moines - Henry - Jefferson - Keokuk - Lee - Van Buren - Washington 098>099 21 1300CST 22 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ078 Louisa 21 1600CST 22 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ064 Johnson 21 1700CST 22 1040CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

59 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, East Central and Southeast IAZ067 Muscatine 21 1700CST 22 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ052-063 Iowa - Linn 21 1730CST 22 1335CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ065 Cedar 21 1800CST 22 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ051-053 Benton - Jones 21 1830CST 22 1345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ068 Scott 21 1935CST 22 1020CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ040-041 Buchanan - Delaware 21 2000CST 22 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ054-066 Clinton - Jackson 21 2055CST 22 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ042 Dubuque 21 2110CST 22 1245CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Strong low pressure tracked from the southern Plains into eastern Iowa and then into Upper Michigan February 21-22, 2013. This system spread a swath of moderate to briefly heavy snow and strong winds over much of the area. Snowfall amounts of 3 to 6 inches were common, with isolated higher amounts. The heaviest snow fell across portions of eastern Iowa and extreme northeast Missouri. Fairfield, Iowa in Jefferson county had 7 inches of snow with Vinton in Benton county picking up 6.5 inches. A trained spotter in Memphis, Missouri in Scotland county measured 6 inches of snow. Wind gusts in the 30 to 35 mph range created considerable blowing and drifting as temperatures were in the 20s.

IAZ040>042-051> Benton - Buchanan - Cedar - Clinton - Delaware - Des Moines - Dubuque - Henry - Iowa - Jackson - 054-063>068-076> Jefferson - Johnson - Jones - Keokuk - Lee - Linn - Louisa - Muscatine - Scott - Van Buren - Washington 078-087>089-098> 099 26 0545CST 27 2030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large and slow moving intense low pressure system tracked out of the southern Plains and into southern Illinois and then to Lake Erie on February 26-27, 2013. In the meantime, an upper level low pushed across western Illinois and into the western Great Lakes region. This cyclone spread moderate to heavy snow across much of the area with snowfall amounts of 5 to 10 inches common, with isolated higher amounts. Wind gusts were in the 30 to 35 mph range producing some blowing and drifting as temperatures hovered near the freezing mark. At the height of the storm, snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour were reported. The highest amount of snow was 11.8 inches northeast of Downing, Missouri in Scotland county. An observer near Stanley, Iowa in Buchanan county measured 10 inches with almost 9 inches near Farmington in Van Buren county. At Freeport, Illinois in Stephenson county nearly 8 inches was reported. Due to the heavy wet nature of the snow, combined with strong winds and temperatures near freezing, some power outages were noted.

60 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Northeast IAZ008-018 Floyd - Howard - Mitchell 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Snowfall amounts averaged 10 to 14 inches with 1 to 1.5 inches of liquid precipitation across northeast Iowa in the counties still affected by the drought. With the frozen ground, little if any of this precipitation was absorbed by the soil. No change in the drought conditions occurred and a severe to extreme drought remained in place across Floyd, Howard and Mitchell Counties. Twenty ethanol plants across the country have been idled due to a shortage of corn caused by the drought. However, the ethanol plants in northeast Iowa have remained open. The Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources issued a warning in February that mandatory water cutbacks by be implemented this summer in parts of Iowa if the drought lingers.

IAZ008>010-019- Chickasaw - Fayette - Howard - Mitchell - Winneshiek 029 21 2010CST 22 1130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Between 5 and 7 inches of snow fell across much of northeast Iowa on February 21st into the 22nd. The snow was produced by an area of low pressure and warm front that moved northeast across the Upper Midwest. The heaviest snow fell during the overnight hours of the 21st when snowfall rates of an inch per hour were common. The highest reported snowfall amount was 7.5 in Otranto (Mitchell County). The snow caused numerous schools to delay the start of classes on the 22nd.

IOWA, Northwest

IAZ001>003-012> Buena Vista - Cherokee - Clay - Dickinson - Ida - Lyon - O`Brien - Osceola - Plymouth - Sioux - 014-020>022-031> Woodbury 032 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Drought conditions continued over all of northwest Iowa in February, despite precipitation which was a little above normal. The excess of a few tenths of an inch in the driest month of the year did little to relieve the long term dry soil conditions. There was little noted in the way of new effects of the drought, with the dry conditions giving a poor outlook for the Spring and Summer, including the poor germination of the winter wheat crop during the dry fall. Water restrictions continued to be few during the winter because of the low water usage, but the area was deemed vulnerable to even marginally dry weather if it developed in the spring and summer. Drought was generally listed as continued extreme to exceptional for the area.

IAZ020>022-031> Buena Vista - Cherokee - Ida - Plymouth - Woodbury 032 21 1800CST 22 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

IAZ001>003-012> Clay - Dickinson - Lyon - O`Brien - Osceola - Sioux 014 21 1800CST 22 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow accumulated 6 to 10 inches during the night of February 21st and morning of February 22nd. The snowfall was accompanied by light to moderate winds. Classes at several schools were delayed or cancelled for February 22nd.

IOWA, Southwest

IAZ043-055-069- Fremont - Harrison - Mills - Monona - Pottawattamie - Shelby 079-090 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

The drought intensity remained in the Extreme category during February from around Glenwood through Onawa, with a Moderate or Severe Drought across of the area southeast of there. Although precipitation for the month was generally near normal, amounts were mostly under 1 inch which did little to improve the overall drought classification. The drought persisted over western Iowa into March.

IAZ055-069-079> Fremont - Harrison - Mills - Montgomery - Page - Pottawattamie - Shelby 080-090>091 21 0930CST 22 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

61 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Southwest

A large upper level low pressure system moved from the Rocky Mountains into the central plains spreading snow across a large portion of the nation's mid section. Light snow developed the morning of the 21st across eastern Nebraska and slowly spread east northeast throughout the day and into the early morning hours of the 22nd. A blanket of snow around 5 to 8 inches covered all of southwest Iowa with the heaviest amounts near the Missouri River.

KANSAS, East

KSZ008>010-012- Anderson - Brown - Clay - Cloud - Coffey - Dickinson - Douglas - Franklin - Geary - Jackson - Jefferson - 020>024-026-034> Lyon - Marshall - Morris - Osage - Ottawa - Pottawatomie - Republic - Riley - Shawnee - Wabaunsee - 040-054>056-058> Washington 059 21 0400CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

First major winter storm of the season dumped intense snow rates across much of the county warning area. Many of the counties received 6 inches or more of snow within a 2 to 4 hour period. Thundersnow was common during the early mornings of Thursday morning February 21st. The snowfall rates of 1 to as much as 3 inches per hour cause widespread travel difficulties. The bulk of the snow fell from around 4am CST through 11am CST. Additional light accumulations of less than 2 inches occurred through the late afternoon when areas of light freezing drizzle also occurred.

KSZ026-039-054> Anderson - Coffey - Douglas - Franklin - Jefferson - Lyon - Osage - Shawnee 056-058>059 25 1900CST 26 1500CST 0 0 Winter Storm

A slow moving storm system tracked across north Texas into Arkansas. Northeast Kansas was on the far northwest fringe of the storm system. The southerly track and mild temperatures in the 30 to 35 degree range helped to mitigate the impacts of the heavy wet snow that fell across parts of the area. In a nutshell, areas along and southeast of the Kansas Turnpike from Wichita to Emporia to Topeka and east toward Kansas City all received several inches or more of wet snow. The snow began during the late evening of February 25th and ended by midday on the 26th.

KANSAS, Extreme Southeast

KSZ073-097-101 Bourbon - Cherokee - Crawford 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

February was near or slightly above normal on precipitation resulting in the improvement of drought conditions but long term drought conditions continued across southeast Kansas.

21 0500CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KSZ097-101 Cherokee - Crawford 21 0500CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm brought a mix of freezing rain, sleet and snow to extreme southeastern Kansas and the Missouri Ozarks during the day of February 21. Precipitation which started as light snow transitioned over to freezing rain and sleet. The winter precipitation was accompanied by thunderstorms which produced heavier rounds of sleet and freezing rain. One to two inches of a sleet was common along with a glaze of ice ranging from a trace to one quarter of an inch. Locally higher accumulations of freezing rain up to one half of an inch occurred in far south central Missouri resulting in downed tree limbs and power outages. Further north across portions of west central and central Missouri snow accumulations ranged from one to three inches.

KSZ073-097 Bourbon - Crawford 25 1500CST 26 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm brought moderate to heavy snowfall to portions of southeastern Kansas and central Missouri. Total snowfall generally ranged from four to eight inches with locally higher totals of nine to eleven inches in central Missouri.

62 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KANSAS, North Central KSZ005>007-017> Jewell - Mitchell - Osborne - Phillips - Rooks - Smith 019 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, February marked the ninth consecutive month of severe (or worse) drought across this six-county portion of North Central Kansas, continuing one of the worst droughts since the 1950s. However, some slight improvements were noted during the month thanks to above normal precipitation across nearly the entire area. Based on Drought Monitor weekly issuances, all or most of Phillips, Rooks, Smith and Osborne counties started the month in category D4 exceptional drought (the worst possible category), but improved to category D3 extreme drought by month's end. Farther east, most of Jewell and Mitchell counties stayed in category D2 severe drought throughout the month. Based on reports from around 20 NWS cooperative observers, and also incorporating radar-derived estimation, almost all of North Central Kansas observed above normal February precipitation (based on normals generally between 0.50-0.75). Of greater significance, limited areas tallied at least twice-normal February precipitation. For most places, the majority of monthly precipitation fell during a major winter storm that began during the daytime hours on the 20th and peaked in intensity that night and into the day of the 21st. This storm, which gave some places one of their highest storm-total snowfalls on record, dumped anywhere from 8-18 of snow across the six-county area, with the highest amounts concentrated over Phillips, Rooks and Osborne counties. Per NWS cooperative observers, a few of the highest February precipitation totals featured 2.26 at Natoma, 1.68 at Phillipsburg and 1.39 at Logan and Webster Dam. Leading the drier side of things were sites such as Beloit (0.55) and Burr Oak (0.62). Although severe to extreme drought conditions remained firmly entrenched across the six-county area, prevailing above normal precipitation during the meteorological winter season of December-February at least put a dent in the dryness heading into the spring. However, keeping optimism in check, precipitation during the meteorological winter season of December-February normally accounts for less than 10 percent of total annual precipitation, thus minimizing the effect of even major snow storms on drought relief. The February USDA Kansas Crop Progress and Condition report indicated a slight improvement in state- averaged winter wheat conditions, although the crop still rated 36 percent poor to very poor and only 23% good to excellent. Topsoil moisture also improved slightly during the month, but still averaged 61% short to very short. Statewide range and pasture conditions remained over 80% poor to very poor, and hay and forage along with stock water supplies continued to hover between 70-80% short to very short.

KSZ005>007-017> Jewell - Mitchell - Osborne - Phillips - Rooks - Smith 019 20 0800CST 21 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

During a roughly 36-hour period between the morning of Wednesday the 20th and the early evening of Thursday the 21st, this six-county portion of North Central Kansas not only experienced its heaviest snowfall event of the 2012-2013 winter season, but also one of the largest storm-total snowfalls on record for some areas. According to NWS cooperative observers, the entire area totaled at least 8-11 inches of snow, with the highest amounts of 12-18 concentrated within Phillips, Smith, Rooks and Osborne counties. Leading the way with 18 were locations such as Natoma and Covert in Osborne County, and Phillipsburg and Long Island in Phillips County. At Smith Center, 15.6 ranked as the largest two-day snowfall on record dating back to 1910. Near Plainville, 12 ranked as the ninth-largest snowfall on record since 1904. Farther east, most of Mitchell and Jewell counties dodged the heaviest snow bands, thus ending up with comparably lower totals including 8 at Hunter and Ionia, 9 at Beloit and 10.1 at Burr Oak. Although the heavy snow itself created considerable impact across the area including at least minor drifting, the magnitude of blowing snow was held in check by sustained easterly and northerly winds that generally topped out 15-20 MPH and mainly gusted under 25 MPH, keeping this storm from reaching blizzard status. Liquid-equivalent moisture in excess of one inch was common, and also welcome across the drought-stricken area, highlighted by an impressive 2.20 at Natoma. This nearly 36-hour event consisted of several waves of steady snowfall, with brief breaks in between. The first few concentrated snow bands passed through from south-to-north on the afternoon and evening of the 20th, with much of the area totaling 3-9 by midnight. Snowfall during the pre-dawn hours of the 21st was fairly light and off-and-on, before the longest- lasting and most intense bands of the event took aim mainly between 9 AM and 5 PM, accompanied by temperatures hovering around 20 degrees. By 7 or 8 PM, all snow ended across North Central Kansas as a closed mid level low pressure system started lifting north of the area. On the synoptic scale aloft, this prolonged winter storm was forced by the approach and eventual passage of an expansive, amplified mid-upper level trough. The primary mid-level 700-500 millibar closed low tracked from southern California on the morning of the 20th, to the Texas Panhandle on the morning of the 21st, before deepening and lifting slowly north-northeast across central Kansas into southeast Nebraska during the daytime and evening hours. Periods of isentropic lift associated with smaller-scale shortwave troughs lifting out ahead of the main system were responsible for snowfall from the 20th into the morning of the 21st, with the most intense snow bands during the day on the 21st driven by pronounced deformation on the northwest periphery of the mid level low track. From a forecast perspective, this winter storm was one of the best-anticipated in recent memory thanks to unusually high consistency in computer model solutions. Although the finer details of timing and full snowfall potential did not come into focus until a few days out, signs of a potentially significant winter storm were recognized over one week in advance.

63 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KANSAS, Northeast KSZ025-057-060- Atchison - Doniphan - Johnson - Leavenworth - Linn - Miami - Wyandotte 102>105 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Short-term drought conditions continue to improve over extreme easternl Kansas, through the month of February 2013. Recent rains and snowstorms have led to this improvement in the short-term, with retention ponds, streams, and rivers, beginning to return to normal or near normal levels. Long-term impacts continue to be the prevailing source for our drought conditions, but with the magnitude of the recent snow melt and rains, even the long-term impacts have diminished. As a result, severe drought (D2) continues in extreme eastern Kansas, with extreme (D3) conditions found earlier in western Leavenworth County, improving to severe (D2) conditions.

KSZ025-057-060- Atchison - Doniphan - Johnson - Leavenworth - Linn - Miami - Wyandotte 102>105 21 0500CST 22 0330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A major winter storm impacted much of Kansas and Missouri on February 21 with very heavy snow and some sleet and freezing rain. Some areas received up to a foot of snow, placing this snow storm among the largest snow events in recent memory. Many locations reported thunder with heavy snow and sleet, with snowfall rates as high as 3 inches per hour! The very heavy snowfall rates created havoc on area roadways and many travelers became stuck and stranded. Many roads became clogged with stalled vehicles, essentially closing them down. Many motorists abandoned their cars altogether leaving roadways littered with snow-covered vehicles.

25 1630CST 27 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KSZ060-103>105 Johnson - Leavenworth - Linn - Wyandotte 25 1630CST 27 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A major winter storm swept through the Plains, February 25th through the 27th, resulting in the second round of heavy snows, that the region had experienced in under a week. Temperatures near freezing led to a heavy wet snow that was slow to accumulate at the onset of the event. However, as snowfall rates increased overnight, snow rapidly began to accumulate, sticking to trees and powerlines, and resulting in numerous power outages across the area. Unlike the previous event from 5 days prior, the heaviest snow fell overnight and not during the morning commute. This allowed road crews open access to the highways during the peak of the event, even though they still struggled to keep up with snowfall rates as much as 2 inches per hour. By the time the morning commute rolled around, most roads were snow-covered, but the combination of snow decreasing in intensity and many more people that chose to sit this one out, the morning commute was not nearly as disastrous as with the February 21 event. The most snowfall in extreme eastern Kansas, was the 10 inches measured near Basehor and in Bonner Springs.

KANSAS, Northwest

KSZ001>004-013> Cheyenne - Decatur - Gove - Graham - Greeley - Logan - Norton - Rawlins - Sheridan - Sherman - 016-027>029-041> Thomas - Wallace - Wichita 042 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions continued from January with northwest Kansas rated as being in Exceptional (D4) Drought. February precipitation was highly variable, with 65% of normal in Hoxie and Sharon Springs, 120% of normal in Hill City and Dresden, 170% of normal near Atwood and Lenora and 235% of normal near Russell Springs.

KSZ013 Sherman 09 1715MST 1730MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dust Storm

Strong to severe wind gusts developed west of a dry line that moved northeast across Northwest Kansas. Wind gusts up to 58 MPH caused areas of blowing dust to develop behind the dry line. Visibilities of less than a quarter mile were reported in northern Sherman county.

64 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KANSAS, Northwest 09 1730MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Strong to severe wind gusts developed west of a dry line that moved northeast across Northwest Kansas. Wind gusts up to 58 MPH caused areas of blowing dust to develop behind the dry line. Visibilities of less than a quarter mile were reported across Sherman county.

KSZ001-029 Cheyenne - Gove 10 0836CST 1255CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds developed during the morning behind an upper level disturbance that brought snow and high winds the previous day. The peak gust was 61 MPH at Grainfield.

KSZ001>004-013- Cheyenne - Decatur - Gove - Graham - Logan - Norton - Rawlins - Sheridan - Sherman - Wallace 015>016-027>029 20 0700CST 21 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong winter storm system moved over Northwest Kansas on the 20th from the southeast. With little to no wind, the snow was able to fall straight down. The only reductions in visibility occurred under the heavier bands of snow, which had snowfall rates of an inch or more an hour. Snowfall totals ranged from 12-15 inches from Atwood to Oberlin to Hill City and Quinter. Snowfall amounts declined to the southwest, with reports of around 8 inches at Colby, Russell Springs, and Wallace.

KANSAS, Southeast

KSZ032-047>053- Allen - Barton - Butler - Chase - Chautauqua - Cowley - Elk - Ellsworth - Greenwood - Harper - Harvey - 067>072-082>083- Kingman - Lincoln - Marion - McPherson - Montgomery - Neosho - Reno - Rice - Russell - Saline - 091>096-098>099 Sedgwick - Sumner - Wilson - Woodson 20 0700CST 21 1800CST 0 0 Winter Storm

A powerful storm system ejected out of the southern Rockies and into the plains on February 21st and brought some of the highest snowfall amounts this area has seen in decades. As of 7 pm on February 21st the Wichita Mid-Continent Airport has measured a storm total snowfall of 14.2 inches which makes this storm the 2nd worst on record! The highest storm total snowfall for Wichita occurred back in 1962 when a storm dumped 15 inches. One of the more unique aspects of this storm was the amount of thunder snow that took place during the early morning hours of February 21st.

KSZ067-082-091 Harper - Kingman - Reno 25 0700CST 26 0530CST 0 0 Winter Storm

25 0800CST 1200CST 0 0 Blizzard

KSZ082-091 Harper - Kingman 25 0800CST 1200CST 0 0 Blizzard

KSZ048-050-083- Ellsworth - Rice - Sedgwick - Sumner 092 25 0800CST 26 0500CST 0 0 Winter Storm

KSZ083-092 Sedgwick - Sumner 25 0900CST 1400CST 0 0 Blizzard

65 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KANSAS, Southeast KSZ051-068 Harvey - Marion - McPherson 25 2200CST 26 0700CST 0 0 Winter Storm

KSZ053-069>072- Allen - Butler - Chase - Chautauqua - Cowley - Elk - Greenwood - Neosho - Woodson 093>094-096-098 26 0200CST 1130CST 0 0 Winter Storm

A combination of high winds and high snow fall amounts caused treacherous conditions across much of South Central and portions of Central and Southeast Kansas.

KANSAS, Southwest

KSZ030-043>046- Barber - Clark - Comanche - Edwards - Ellis - Finney - Ford - Grant - Gray - Haskell - Hodgeman - 062>066-075>081- Kearny - Kiowa - Lane - Meade - Morton - Ness - Pawnee - Pratt - Rush - Scott - Seward - Stafford - 084>090 Stevens - Trego 20 0900CST 21 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

The most significant winter storm for the 2012-2013 season hit Southwestern Kansas Wednesday and Thursday, February 20th and 21st. Early on the morning of February 20th, the first of two significant upper level PVA anomalies moved across western Kansas, bringing a round of snow from 1 to 6 inches to eastern counties. By afternoon there was a 25 to 50 mile wide swath of more than 6 inches of snow from northwest Ness County southeast to the border of Comanche and Barber Counties with the Oklahoma border. A second PVA anomaly approached from New Mexico and produced another round of heavy snow, strong winds, and resultant blizzard conditions. By the time this second upper level storm exited into Central Kansas during the evening on the 2st, there was from 18 to 21 inches of snowfall across eastern Ellis, most of Rush and northern Pawnee Counties. From 14 to 15 inches of snow fell east of a line from near Ellis in Ellis County to near Ness City in Ness County, to just northeast Garden City in Finney County, to near Meade in Meade County to near Liberal in Seward County. Amounts of 6 inches or more fell east of a line from northern Kearny County to southwestern Finney County to extreme southeastern Morton County. Less than 3 inches fell west of the six inch area. In addition to the large snowfall amounts, many reports of whiteout blizzard conditions were received, as well as numerous road closures, mainly east of Highway 283. In addition, the strong northeast surface winds of 30 to 40 mph resulted in blowing and drifting snow, with snow drifts as large as 10 to 15 feet reported.

KSZ065-078>081- Barber - Clark - Comanche - Edwards - Ford - Kiowa - Meade - Pawnee - Pratt - Seward - Stafford 086>090 25 0100CST 26 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Only 5 days after a big winter storm hit Southwest Kansas with up to 21 inches of snow, another very strong winter storm tracked across parts of our forecast area. This time, the upper level storm track was slightly more south, and the southeast part of the area received the brunt of the snow, as well as significant blizzard conditions. Snow started falling as early as 3 am CST in Comanche, Clark, Barber, Meade and Stafford Counties. Northerly winds increased significantly by 8 am CST, and a full blown blizzard was under way. Blizzard conditions were experienced southeast of line from near Larned in Pawnee County to near Dodge City in Ford County, to extreme southeastern Stevens County. Many reports of zero visibility were received, as well as many reports of closed roads due to poor visibilities and/or snow packed roads. New snowfall amounts from this event include a narrow band of 12 inches along the Oklahoma border from Kiowa in southeast Barber County to near Englewood in southern Clark County. From 8 to 12 inches of snow fell southeast of a line from Pratt in Pratt County to Greensburg in Kiowa County, to near Meade in Meade County, to Liberal in southern Seward County. Lesser snowfall from 1 to 6 inches fell southeast of a line from Schoenchen in southern Ellis County to northwestern Hodgeman County, to around Sublette in Haskell County, to near Rolla in eastern Morton County. A trace to up to a half inch of light snow fell northwest of the above defined areas.

KENTUCKY, Eastern

KYZ088-118-120 Harlan - Letcher - Pike 01 0000EST 0700EST 0 0 Winter Weather

66 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Eastern

A quick moving clipper system and associated arctic boundary brought snow showers and snow squalls to eastern Kentucky from Thursday Evening January 31st, to the predawn hours of Friday February 1st. The snow came down quickly, reducing the visibility to below a quarter of a mile at times. When combined with blowing already fallen snow, near whiteout conditions were briefly witnessed. Thundersnow was also witnessed in locations such as Hazard and Paintsville. Snowfall amounts ranged from 1 to 3 inches over the lower elevations with 4 to 6 inches in isolated locations on the higher ridges along the Virginia border. Winds gusted up to 47 mph as the arctic front blew through causing several hundred power outages across eastern Kentucky.

KYZ106-109>110- Floyd - Johnson - Magoffin - Martin - Morgan - Pike 119>120 02 0730EST 03 0300EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A clipper system brought another round of accumulating snowfall to eastern Kentucky beginning during the morning of February 2nd and continuing into the overnight and early morning hours of February 3rd. Snowfall amounts ranged from less than an inch over the Cumberland valley of southeast Kentucky up to 2 to 4 inches in a stripe along the Mountain Parkway into far eastern Kentucky.

KENTUCKY, Northeast

KYZ101>103-105 Boyd - Carter - Greenup - Lawrence 01 0001EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An arctic cold front swept through during the early morning hours on the 1st. The on and off snow showers, that fell during Jan 31st, became a steadier snow after 0000E. The snow diminished to snow showers by dawn. Snow accumulations of 2 to 4 inches were common in northeast Kentucky.

KENTUCKY, Northern

KYZ090-095 Boone - Gallatin - Grant 21 2100EST 22 1000EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A significant winter storm system over the Plains moved into the mid-Mississippi Valley, spreading a wintry mix of precipitation across the Ohio Valley during the evening hours of February 21 into the morning hours of February 22. With sub- freezing temperatures near the surface, the precipitation started off as a mix of sleet/snow early on and then transitioned to mainly freezing rain as warmer air aloft nosed into the region. Snow and sleet accumulations were generally less than an inch, and ice accumulations from freezing rain generally ranged from one to two tenths of an inch.

KENTUCKY, Southwest

KYZ014>016-018> Daviess - Henderson - Hopkins - McLean - Muhlenberg - Union - Webster 021 03 0200CST 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A fast-moving disturbance in the upper levels of the atmosphere raced southeast from the Dakotas across the Lower Ohio Valley. A burst of moderate snow accompanied this system, producing generally one to two inches of snowfall within a couple of hours. Visibility was reduced to one-half to one mile. The accumulating snow occurred along and northeast of a line from Morganfield through Providence and Madisonville to Central City. Specific snowfall amounts included 3 inches in Livermore (Mclean County), 2 inches in Owensboro, Madisonville, and Central City, and 1.5 inches in Henderson. Clay and Slaughters in Webster County each reported 2 inches. Roads were snow-covered and slippery, especially secondary roads.

Union County 1 NW Uniontown 06 0900CST 09 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Minor flooding occurred along the Ohio River. Low-lying woods and fields, along with some river access roads, were inundated. Heavy rain in the northern half of the Ohio Valley caused rises along the Ohio River. Minor flooding occurred along some stretches of the river.

67 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Southwest KYZ012-016>018- Christian - Henderson - Hopkins - McLean - Trigg 020 18 1100CST 2200CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

South winds increased ahead of a cold front approaching from Missouri. Sustained winds were mostly from 15 to 30 mph, with gusts from 35 to 50 mph. Several locations measured gusts over 45 mph. Those locations included the mesonet site near Cadiz (in Trigg County), which measured a gust to 50 mph. The automated observing site at Fort Campbell near Hopkinsville measured a gust to 48 mph. Wind gusts to 46 mph were measured at the Henderson airport and the mesonet site near Madisonville. Wind gusts to 45 mph were measured at the Madisonville airport and the mesonet site in Mclean County near Calhoun.

KYZ003>005-007- Ballard - Carlisle - Crittenden - Henderson - Livingston - McCracken - Union 010-014-018 21 1500CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system moved slowly northeast from the southern Plains into western Missouri. A warm front extending east from the low pressure center lifted north across the Tennessee Valley. A large area of wintry precipitation developed ahead of the warm front. Between one-tenth and one-quarter inch of ice glazed trees and power lines, mainly along the Ohio River counties from Henderson to Paducah. Isolated power outages were reported due to downed tree limbs. Short bursts of heavy freezing rain occurred in thunderstorms.

LOUISIANA, Northeast Madison Parish 2 WSW Talla Bena 10 1047CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few power lines were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Concordia Parish 1 E Concordia Jct 10 1325CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

One tree was blown down. An approaching cold front, an unusually high amount of wind shear, and sufficient instability resulted in an outbreak of severe thunderstorms across portions of the lower Deep South, including a violent tornado that moved through Hattiesburg. During the morning hours of February 10th, a line of severe thunderstorms moved into the ArkLaMiss, downing trees and powerlines over portions of southeast Arkansas, northeast Louisiana, and central Mississippi. There was also a barn destroyed near Silver City in Humphreys County. The storms continued to push eastward through the early afternoon, then began to slow down as the cold front began to stall. To the south and east of this line of storms, several supercell thunderstorms developed in the more unstable air mass over south Mississippi, with many of the storms exhibiting strong rotation on radar. Shortly after 4 pm, a tornado developed over southwest Marion County near the Pickwick community and tracked across the county into far western Lamar County before lifting. The same storm which produced this tornado continued eastward across northern Lamar County, producing a large tornado which touched down west of Oak Grove and tracked through the very populated West Hattiesburg area. The tornado continued into Forrest County, tracking through the cities of Hattiesburg and Petal before ending in northwestern Perry County. Considerable damage occurred along the path of this storm, and several people were injured. Scattered severe storms continued to affect the Pine Belt area through the remainder of the evening and into the early morning hours of the 11th, before finally moving out of the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

Catahoula Parish 1 ESE Leland 12 1053CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Catahoula Parish 1 E Sicily Is 12 1055CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Tensas Parish 1 E Azucena 12 1100CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Numerous trees were blown down or uprooted. Some minor roof damage occurred as well.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph.

68 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northeast Tensas Parish 1 E St Joseph 12 1120CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

An upper disturbance which was associated with a frontal boundary caused some strong to severe storms to move across the region. These storms produced some quarter size hail, as well as some wind damage to trees and power lines.

Concordia Parish 3 S Clayton 21 1712CST Windmore 1715CST 2.95 75 0 0 75.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down near Highway 65 where a roof was torn off a mobile home and the trailer of an 18-wheeler was turned over. The tornado continued east and caused roof damage to a brick house. The tornado continued to Traxler Road where roof damage occurred to a second house, a shed was destroyed and another shed was flipped. The tornado dissipated just east of Traxler Road near the Summerell Airport. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 90 mph.

Franklin Parish 2 NNE Winnsboro Muni Arpt 22 1505CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Pea to nickel size hail fell near the Winnsboro airport. A potent storm system developed across the Inter-Mountain West before tracking east across the Lower Mississippi Valley region February 21st. A rather cold and dry air mass was entrenched across the region through the 20th, with dew points in the teens and twenties. In fact, as atmospheric lift began to approach the area and some light showers moved across portions of the Delta, light sleet occurred. There was not enough sleet to cause travel problems, but it showed how cold the atmosphere was prior to the incoming low pressure system. By the morning of the 21st, the warm front was still located along the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Dew points were still in the upper 30s as of late morning across Central Mississippi. Some showers and isolated thunderstorms moved through the area producing small hail. The warm front slowly moved north and by mid to late afternoon, dew points had finally increased to the mid and upper 50s across the I-20 corridor and were in the mid 60s further south. This helped to fuel additional showers and thunderstorms as the main upper level storm system tracked northeast. As the moisture increased across the region, the combination of strong wind shear and an unstable air mass south of the warm front became more conducive to supercell and tornado development. Strong storms were moving through the southwestern portions of the region later that afternoon. Around 5 pm storms began to exhibit rotation on radar and a tornado developed in Concordia Parish just south of Clayton. This tornado produced some damage to some homes and trailers in the area. As the low pressure gradually tracked northeast and the warm front lifted further north, the environment became more favorable for tornadoes in southern Mississippi. One storm had continuous rotation as it moved from north-central Louisiana into south-central Mississippi. This storm crossed southeast Lawrence to northwest Marion counties around 10 pm and continued to track northeast. Rotation began to intensify and a strong tornado developed around 10:30 pm a few miles southwest of Bassfield. This tornado caused minor to moderate damage to some homes and buildings, snapped some power poles and caused extensive tree damage. Another weak tornado developed around 11 pm a few miles southwest of Collins snapping some trees and causing some damage to a mobile home and a chicken house. Scattered storms continued to affect the Pine Belt area into the early morning hours on the 22nd, before finally moving out of the area.

LOUISIANA, Northwest Grant Parish 4 SSE Mc Neeley 10 1125CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed south and east of Colfax, Louisiana.

A strong upper level trough moved out of the Four Corners region of the country and into the Central Plains during the early morning hours of February 10th. Strong southwest flow aloft was prevalent across the Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley as a warm front slowly lifted northward from the coast into East Texas and Central Louisiana. A line of thunderstorms developed along a prefrontal boundary west of the Interstate 35 corridor across Central and North Texas shortly after midnight on February 10th and this line of storms began racing eastward near 60 mph. Deep layer atmospheric shear which was mostly unidirectional which suggested that storm mode would be in the form of a squall line which did materialize and moved west to east across the region. Damage consisted of mostly trees and powerlines downed across a few locations. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Claiborne Parish 1 W Haynesville 12 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

69 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northwest Claiborne Parish 1 NE Homer 12 0835CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

A cold front moved south of the region with a cold and shallow airmass having infiltrated the Lower Mississippi Valley. However, a strong upper level storm system moved out of the Four Corners Region and into the Southern Plains during the morning hours of February 12th. Strong southerly winds in the lower levels of the atmosphere overrun the colder shallow airmass and this resulted in strong thunderstorms developing across the region. Temperature lapse rates were very strong which combined with low wet bulb zero heights meant that these thunderstorms produced mainly small hail.

De Soto Parish 2 E Trenton 18 1438CST 2 NW Oxford 1442CST 2.03 10 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey south of Mansfield, Louisiana and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down. Damage consisted of several large branches snapped along Hudson Darby Road and Hwy 513 south of Mansfield.

Caddo Parish 1 W Vivian 18 1657CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Caddo Parish 1 E Mooringsport 18 1745CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Caddo Parish 1 S Caddo 18 1755CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Caddo Parish 3 WSW Belcher 18 1805CST 0.01 25 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down southwest of Belcher, Louisiana. Storm damage consisted of several large snapped hardwood branches along Gamm Road.

Caddo Parish 1 N Dixie 18 1808CST 0.01 20 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down south of Belcher, Louisiana. Storm damage consisted of several snapped large hardwood branches along Dixie/Shreveport Road.

A warm and unstable airmass developed across the Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley during the day as an ejecting upper trough moved into the Plains. A strong cold front moved out of Southern Oklahoma and North Texas during the day with a very strong pressure gradient ahead of the cold front. Strong gradient winds from the south approached 40 mph across many locations with the ambient temperature reaching 70 degrees. Deep layer shear in the lowest 6 kilometers were in excess of 50kts with strong low level shear noted as well. Combine that with excessive atmospheric lapse rates and all the ingredients were present for strong to severe thunderstorms that produced large hail, damaging wind gusts and isolated tornadoes.

Bossier Parish 1 E Fosters 21 0820CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Dime sized hail was reported on Bodcau Station Road just east of Bossier City, Louisiana.

Natchitoches Parish 6 WSW Gorum 21 1507CST 0.01 30 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The National Weather Service determined that a tornado briefly touched down in the Kisatchie National Forest in Southern Natchitoches Parish on Kisatchie-Mora Road. The tornado damage consisted of a large pine tree being snapped and few broken branches.

70 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northwest La Salle Parish 1 N Jena 21 1621CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

A tree was downed on Hwy. 84 three miles west of the intersection of Hwy. 84 and 459 on the west side of Jena, Louisiana.

A deep upper level trough ejected out of the Four Corners region of the country and into the plains during the afternoon hours of February 21st. During the morning of the 21st...elevated convection became rather widespread across the region and most of these storms produced hail. A warm front was located across the Southeast Texas and Southern Louisiana coast during the early morning hours of the 21st but as the day progressed...the warm front came north to near the Interstate 20 corridor of Northeast Texas and Northern Louisiana. This lead to a very warm and unstable airmass infiltrating the region from the south. Low level shear was very strong both in speed and direction along the vicinity of this warm front and as as result...a few tornadoes developed across the region. Otherwise...the storms continued to produce hail and some wind damage from straight line winds. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph.

Sabine Parish 1 E Florien 22 1440CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Dime sized hail covered the ground in Florien, Louisiana. A post frontal airmass was very stable near the surface but an upper level trough moved overhead and temperature lapse rates were significant enough with the passage of the trough that hail was reported out of some thunderstorms during the afternoon of February 22nd.

Bossier Parish 1 S Plain Dealing 25 1322CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Webster Parish 1 E Springhill 25 1357CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail fell in Springhill, Louisiana. Red River Parish 1 N Martin 25 1410CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

A funnel cloud was seen over Martin, Louisiana. A warm and unstable airmass developed across the region during the afternoon hours of February 25th. This airmass change was in response to a vigorous storm system that moved into the Southern Plains. A sharp...well defined dryline developed across North Central Texas during the morning hours and moved east during the day. This dryline acted as a focusing mechanism for strong to severe thunderstorms to develop across the region...aided by the lift induced form the upper level storm system. The storms primarily produced large hail as they moved east across the region.

LOUISIANA, Southeast West Feliciana Parish 2 NNW Tunica 10 1930CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter size hail was reported in the Angola area. West Feliciana Parish Cornor 10 1930CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was reported blown down on Whitestown Road in the Cornor area.

A cold front moved through southern Mississippi and southeast Louisiana during the afternoon and evening hours. Thunderstorms, a few severe, developed in advance of the cold front. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. St. James Parish Gramercy 22 2040CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Lightning

A lightning strike caused a power outage in Gramercy. Tangipahoa Parish Loranger 22 2115CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Lightning

A lightning strike damaged one home in the Loranger area.

71 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Southeast St. Tammany Parish 3 S Folsom 22 2120CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Widespread reports of power lines and trees down were received from the Bennett Bridge Road area to the Bush-Folsom Road area. Time of the event was estimated from radar. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Washington Parish Bogalusa 22 2148CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

A trained spotter reported quarter size hail in the city of Bogalusa.

St. Tammany Parish Lacombe 22 2155CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

St. Tammany Parish 3 NNW Pearl River 22 2207CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

A report of quarter size hail was received from the Hickory area.

St. Tammany Parish Slidell 22 2225CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Low pressure moving along a stationary front triggered several severe thunderstorms over southeast Louisiana during the evening hours. Terrebonne Parish Gibson 24 1935CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Golfball size hail was reported in the Gibson/Bayou Black area.

Terrebonne Parish Gray 24 1937CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter size hail was reported in Gray. The hail lasted 15 to 20 minutes. Report received on Facebook.

Lafourche Parish 1 NW Clotilda 24 2030CST 1 SE Mary 2035CST 1.95 25 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A weak tornado touched down in the Mathews area and moved north on an intermittent path to near the intersection of US Highway 90 and Louisiana Highway 308. A few house canopies were damaged along with roof and fascia damage to a few structures. Fencing was knocked down at the high school and a HVAC unit was blown off a small building. Several power lines and power poles were knocked down on US Highway 90. Path length approximately 2 miles, and width 25 yards. EF0 rating with maximum wind 85 mph.

St. Charles Parish Des Allemands 24 2040CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Received a report of quarter size hail in Des Allemands. Jefferson Parish Westwego Arpt 24 2115CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Fire Station 86 near LaPalco Blvd and Westwood Drive reported golfball size hail.

Jefferson Parish Marrero 24 2115CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (2.50)

A photo posted on social media indicated oblong shaped hailstone in a person's hand with a size of about 2.25 to 2.50 inches.

72 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Southeast Jefferson Parish Terrytown 24 2115CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.50)

A NWS Cooperative Observer reported ping-pong ball size hail in Terrytown.

Orleans Parish 2 SW New Orleans 24 2115CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter size hail was reported in the Lower Garden District.

St. Bernard Parish Violet 24 2118CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.50)

St. Bernard Parish Chalmette 24 2130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

A NWS employee reported nickel size hail in Chalmette. Ascension Parish Galvez 25 1430CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter size hail reported in Galvez. Ascension Parish Galvez 25 1433CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Golf ball size hail reported in Galvez. Ascension Parish Gonzales 25 1436CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Livingston Parish 9 S Walker 25 1440CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Terrebonne Parish 2 NW Woodlawn 25 1641CST 1 WNW (HUM)Houma Arpt 1645CST 0.95 30 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

A weak tornado touched down on an intermittent path from Main Port Road near Industrial Road, extending northeast to the intersection of Grand Caillou Road and Industrial Boulevard. Several car windows were blown out and a small car turned over on Main Port Road. Several windows were broken at Chabert Medical Center along with several vehicle windows blown out. Several pieces of power equipment at the hospital were damaged. Two service stations on Grand Caillou Road had canopies damaged. Damage patch 1 mile, path width 30 yards, maximum wind 95 mph.

A stationary front was situated over southeast Louisiana during the 24th and 25th. Several waves of low pressure moved along the front, producing several rounds of severe thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. Unusually large hail for Gulf Coast Region accompanied the severe thunderstorms across coastal areas of southeast Louisiana on the evening of February 24.

LOUISIANA, Southwest Avoyelles Parish Cottonport 11 1315CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

A report of nickel sized hail was received from Cottonport through facebook from a passing strong thunderstorm.

Multiple reports of small hail were received across Central Louisiana with the biggest hail size reported being nickel sized.

Beauregard Parish Longville 18 1823CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

An isolated strong storm passed through Longville producing penny sized hail. The report was relayed by KPLC TV 7.

73 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Southwest LAZ052-073-074 East Cameron - Vermilion - West Cameron 19 0400CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

An isolated strong storm passed through western Louisiana ahead of a cold front. The strong north winds behind the cold front caused abnormally low tides along the coast.

Vernon Parish 1 ESE Alco 21 1458CST 1502CST 2.43 50 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado occurred in the forest in north sections of Vernon Parish before moving into Natchitoches Parish. It began south of highway LA 465 and snapped numerous trees along the path along with uprooting a few large pines.

A snapped pine tree along a tornado path in Vernon Parish. Photo by Rob Deal. Evangeline Parish 1 SW Bayou Chicot 24 2109CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Media reported a mix of hail of dime to quarter size near Ville Platte.

Jefferson Davis Parish 2 NW Panchoville 25 1208CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

A report was received of nickel sized hail near Hathaway with a passing storm.

Jefferson Davis Parish 1 N Lacassine 25 1230CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

A report of nickel sized hail war received from Lacassine with a passing storm.

Calcasieu Parish 2 E Nibletts Bluff 25 1240CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Calcasieu Parish Sheriffs Department reported golf ball size hail four miles west of Vinton.

Calcasieu Parish 1 N Vinton 25 1245CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

A report of quarter sized hail was reported in Vinton from a passing storm.

74 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Southwest Calcasieu Parish 1 N Vinton 25 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

A report of golf ball sized hail was received from Vinton. A weak cold front entered Louisiana and stalled near the coast. The weak boundary produced a few thunderstorms, one which produced a tornado. The weak front moved back north a few days later ahead of another stronger system which produced multiple strong to severe thunderstorms across the area.

MAINE, North

MEZ001-003 Northern Somerset - Northwest Aroostook 05 0100EST 1130EST 0 0 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

Winds of 10 to 20 mph and temperatures of 5 to 15 below zero combined to produce dangerous wind chills of 35 to 40 below zero through the morning hours of the 5th.

06 2300EST 07 1100EST 0 0 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

MEZ002>004 Northeast Aroostook - Northern Piscataquis - Northern Somerset

06 2300EST 07 1100EST 0 0 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

Winds of 10 to 20 mph with gusts up to 30 mph combined with temperatures of 5 to 20 below zero to produce dangerous wind chills of 35 to 45 below zero from the overnight hours of the 6th through the morning of the 7th.

MEZ010-031>032 Central Penobscot - Central Piscataquis - Northern Washington - Southern Piscataquis

08 2100EST 09 1900EST 0 0 Winter Storm

MEZ015>017-029> Central Washington - Coastal Hancock - Coastal Washington - Interior Hancock - Southern Penobscot 030 09 0000EST 1900EST 0 0 Blizzard

MEZ005-006 Northern Penobscot - Southeast Aroostook 09 0200EST 1900EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Rapidly intensifying low pressure tracked from the mid Atlantic region toward Nova Scotia from the afternoon of the 8th into the 9th. The storm produced blizzard conditions across Downeast areas from the evening of the 8th into the evening of the 9th. Near blizzard conditions occurred at times across east central Maine during the same time. Storm total snow accumulations across Downeast areas ranged from 12 to 24 inches. A record daily snowfall of 16.3 inches occurred at Bangor on the 9th. Wind gusts of 50 to 60 mph...with isolated gusts up to around 70 mph...produced extensive blowing and drifting snow Downeast. Around 3500 customers also lost power Downeast during the storm. Storm total snow accumulations across east central areas ranged from 8 to 18 inches. Occasional wind gusts of 35 to 45 mph occurred across east central areas producing near blizzard conditions at times.

MEZ002-005-011- Central Penobscot - Central Washington - Coastal Hancock - Coastal Washington - Interior Hancock - 015>017-029>030- Northeast Aroostook - Northern Penobscot - Northern Washington - Southeast Aroostook - Southern 032 Penobscot 17 1400EST 18 1000EST 0 0 Blizzard

75 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, North

Rapidly intensifying low pressure tracked from the southeast coast to a location southeast of Cape Cod during the night of the 16th. The low further intensified while tracking to Nova Scotia during the 17th. Blizzard conditions developed through the afternoon and evening hours of the 17th. Storm total snow accumulations during the blizzard generally ranged from 2 to 4 inches across northern areas...with 4 to 6 inches Downeast. This was in addition to 4 to 7 inches of snow which had fallen across the region within the previous 12 hours from another storm. Wind gusts of 40 to 50 mph were common across the region...with occasional gusts to around 55 mph...producing extensive blowing and drifting snow along with whiteout conditions. The tight pressure gradient between the intense low across Newfoundland and high pressure to the west kept strong gusty winds across the region into the 18th. Blizzard conditions diminished through the morning hours of the 18th...though gusty winds produced areas of blowing snow across eastern areas into the afternoon hours.

MEZ003>005-010 Central Piscataquis - Northern Penobscot - Northern Piscataquis - Northern Somerset

19 2300EST 20 0930EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

MEZ001-002 Northeast Aroostook - Northwest Aroostook 20 0100EST 1230EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

Low pressure lifting northeast across Maine drew an occluded front across the region from the evening of the 19th through the morning of the 20th. The low and occlusion brought heavy snow to northern Maine. Snow developed during the overnight hours of the 19th into the 20th. Warning criteria snow totals were met during the morning hours of the 20th...with the snow ending from the late morning into the early afternoon hours. Storm total snow accumulations ranged from 7 to 14 inches. The heaviest snows generally occurred across northwest portions of Aroostook...Piscataquis and Somerset counties where 9 to 14 inch totals were common.

28 1100EST 2359EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

MEZ002-005-006 Northeast Aroostook - Northern Penobscot - Southeast Aroostook

28 1100EST 2359EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A slow moving frontal boundary across northern Maine helped focus deep Atlantic moisture and strong lift across the region. Snow developed through the late morning and early afternoon hours of the 28th. Slow moving bands of heavy snow then produced significant accumulations across portions of northern and eastern Maine through the remainder of the afternoon into the early morning hours of March 1st. Snowfall rates of 2 to 3 inches per hour were reported at times along with thunder snow during the evening hours. Warning criteria snow totals were met through the evening hours of the 28th. Storm total snow accumulations generally ranged from 8 to 18 inches...with a localized total up to 21 inches near Fort Fairfield in northeast Aroostook county. The banded structure of the heavier snow contributed to the variability of snow totals. A record daily snow total of 13.6 inches was set at Caribou...in northeast Aroostook county...on the 28th.

MAINE, South

MEZ007>009-012> Central Somerset - Northern Franklin - Northern Oxford - Southern Franklin - Southern Oxford - 014 Southern Somerset 08 0700EST 09 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MEZ018>028 Androscoggin - Coastal Cumberland - Coastal Waldo - Coastal York - Interior Cumberland - Interior Waldo - Interior York - Kennebec - Knox - Lincoln - Sagadahoc 08 2333EST 09 1633EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

76 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, South

An area of low pressure developed rapidly off the Carolina coast late on the 7th and early on the 8th. The storm moved very slowly northeast during the 8th and 9th as it continued to intensify. By the morning of the 10th, the storm was located just to the east of Nova Scotia. The storm brought heavy snow, high winds, and blizzard conditions to the state. Snowfall amounts were generally 18 inches or more in coastal and interior zones where blizzard conditions caused considerable blowing and drifting snow. In the mountains and foothills, snowfall amounts were in the 4 to 18 inch range. Most of coastal Maine had blizzard conditions for 9 to 12 hours with interior areas reporting blizzard conditions for 3 to 10 hours.

MEZ007-012>014- Androscoggin - Coastal Cumberland - Coastal Waldo - Coastal York - Interior Cumberland - Interior 018>028 Waldo - Interior York - Kennebec - Knox - Lincoln - Northern Franklin - Northern Oxford - Sagadahoc - Southern Franklin - Southern Oxford - Southern Somerset 23 1600EST 25 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure moving east from the Great Lakes and another low moving northeast along the East Coast brought heavy snow to most of Western Maine. Snowfall amounts ranged up to 6 to 14 inches across most of the area. Along the extreme southwestern coast, amounts were less due to a mix with rain.

27 0800EST 28 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MEZ008-012-019> Androscoggin - Interior Cumberland - Northern Franklin - Southern Franklin - Southern Oxford 020 27 0800EST 28 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure moving northeast along the East Coast brought heavy snow to sections of Western Maine. The heaviest snow fell in Cumberland, Androscoggin, Oxford and Franklin Counties where 3 to 9 inches of snow fell.

MARYLAND, Central

MDZ004-006-009> Anne Arundel - Charles - Frederick - Howard - Montgomery - Northern Baltimore - Prince Georges - 011-013>014-016 Southern Baltimore 01 0500EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A clipper system moved through the Mid Atlantic in the early morning hours and produced advisory level snowfall in the Baltimore and Washington DC metro areas.

MDZ501 Extreme Western Allegany 02 1500EST 03 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A large upper level trough was located across the eastern United States. Northwest flow from a cold air mass caused upslope snow showers to occur across the Allegheny Front.

MDZ501-502 Central and Eastern Allegany - Extreme Western Allegany 04 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather 05 A clipper system moved through the region in northwest flow aloft. This clipper system produced short lived snow bands that produced several inches of snow in the higher terrain including the Allegheny Front and Potomac Highlands.

MDZ004>007-009> Carroll - Frederick - Harford - Howard - Montgomery - Northern Baltimore - Southern Baltimore 011 08 0300EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The Mid Atlantic was located between low pressure to the west and east. This led to northerly flow overnight. Low pressure to the east intensified as it moved northward. Surface temperatures were marginal and the rain-snow line was close to the I-95 corridor.

77 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, Central MDZ003>007-009> Anne Arundel - Carroll - Central and Eastern Allegany - Extreme Western Allegany - Frederick - Harford 011-013>014-501> - Howard - Montgomery - Northern Baltimore - Prince Georges - Southern Baltimore - Washington 502 22 1100EST 23 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A stacked low pressure system was over the Northern Plains. High pressure to the north caused below freezing temperatures to advect southward into the Mid Atlantic. Southerly flow aloft and ahead of low pressure led to above freezing temperatures above the below freezing surface. Freezing rain occurred in most areas in the Mid Atlantic.

MDZ501-502 Central and Eastern Allegany - Extreme Western Allegany 26 1100EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A secondary low pressure system formed over the Carolinas as the primary system moved northward and was located across the Central Plains/Ohio Valley. High pressure over New England and northerly winds brought below freezing temperatures across the Potomac Highlands. Over running precipitation was able to melt and re-freeze on contact.

MARYLAND, Northeast

MDZ012-015-019- Caroline - Kent - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 020 01 0530EST 1030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system that formed along a secondary cold front helped drop 1.5 to 3.5 inches of snow across most of the Eastern Shore except for Cecil County during the morning of the 1st. The heaviest snowfall was in Queen Anne's County. The snow fell at its heaviest during the morning commute and caused accidents. The snow began falling across the Eastern Shore between 530 a.m. EST and 7 a.m. EST on the 1st. It fell at its heaviest between 7 a.m. EST and 8 a.m. EST and ended between 9 a.m. EST and 1030 a.m. EST that morning. Representative snowfall included 3.5 inches in Queenstown (Queen Annes County), 3.0 inches in Grasonville (Queen Annes County), 2.9 inches in Millington (Kent County), 2.4 inches in Greensboro (Caroline County), 2.3 inches in Denton (Caroline County), 2.0 inches in Galena (Kent County) and 1.5 inches in Royal Oak and Saint Michaels (Talbot County). The snow was caused by a compact and quick moving low pressure system that formed along the northern edge of a secondary cold front. The low pressure system moved from Lake Erie during the early evening of January 31st eastsoutheast and passed across the Eastern Shore around 630 a.m. EST on February 1st and exited just as quickly offshore.

MDZ008-019-020 Caroline - Cecil - Talbot 02 1800EST 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A pair of quick moving low pressure systems dropped an inch or two of snow in Cecil County and around an inch or less of snow elsewhere along the Eastern Shore during the evening and overnight on the 2nd. While the snowfall was light, the subfreezing temperatures helped it accumulate efficiently and caused untreated roadways to quickly become treacherous. Snow began falling across the Eastern Shore between 6 p.m. EST and 7 p.m. EST on the 2nd. The snow ended before Midnight EST that evening in all of the Eastern Shore except for Cecil County where it ended shortly after midnight EST on the 3rd. Representative snowfall included 2.0 inches in North East (Cecil County) , 1.0 in Colora (Cecil County) and Easton (Talbot County), 0.9 inches in Denton (Caroline County) and 0.7 inches in Greensboro (Caroline County). The snow was caused by double barrel low pressure systems. First an Alberta Clipper low pressure system that rapidly moved east from near Chicago on the morning of the 2nd, to Lake Erie on the evening of the 2nd. This low pressure system then slowed and weakened as a southern stream low pressure system moved through the Tennessee Valley on the evening of the 2nd and moved through Virginia overnight on the 2nd and intensified as it moved well east of the Middle Atlantic Coast on the 3rd.

MDZ012-015-019- Caroline - Kent - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 020 08 2100EST 09 0800EST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

78 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, Northeast

An area of low pressure developed across the northern plains on Thursday February 7th, tracking eastward. Meanwhile, another area of low pressure developed along the coast of North Carolina, tracking northeast. Both lows approached the area on Friday February 8th with the coastal low intensifying as it moved toward the northeast. The two lows interacted with one another with the coastal low eventually absorbing the inland low late Friday. The system moved off toward New England on Friday night, moving into the Canadian Maritimes by Saturday afternoon. As the storm intensified, winds increased and became gusty out of the northeast. Peak wind speeds included 46 mph at the Baltimore-Washington International Airport, 43 mph in Tolchester Beach (Kent County) and Annapolis (Anne Arundel County), and 41 mph in Easton (Talbot County) and Salisbury (Wicomico County). In addition, precipitation started to spread across the area during the morning hours on Friday February 8th. Northern areas started as a mix of snow and rain before changing over to all rain during the daytime hours. Only trace amounts of snow were reported across Maryland.

MARYLAND, West

MDZ001 Garrett 04 1400EST 05 0430EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A fast moving low pressure system crossing the Ohio valley brought widespread snow to the region. While most locations received between 2-5 inches, 6-8 inches of snow was reported in the higher elevations of Preston and Tucker counties in West Virginia and Garrett county in Maryland.

26 1000EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

A deepening low pressure system that developed over the Ohio Valley and moved northeastward brought mixed precipitation areas along the mountains in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland. While strong isentropic lift provided for mainly rain over much of the region, cold air damming along the mountains allowed for surface temperatures to remain below freezing. A tenth to one quarter of an inch of ice was reported in Fayette county in PA, Preston and Tucker counties in WV, and Garrett county MD.

MASSACHUSETTS, Central and East

MAZ002>022-026 Barnstable - Eastern Essex - Eastern Franklin - Eastern Hampden - Eastern Hampshire - Eastern Norfolk - Eastern Plymouth - Northern Bristol - Northern Worcester - Northwest Middlesex County - Southeast Middlesex - Southern Bristol - Southern Plymouth - Southern Worcester - Suffolk - Western Essex - Western Franklin - Western Hampden - Western Hampshire - Western Middlesex - Western Norfolk - Western Plymouth 08 0500EST 09 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MAZ005-007-013> Eastern Essex - Northern Bristol - Southeast Middlesex - Southern Plymouth - Suffolk - Western 015-017-021 Middlesex - Western Norfolk 08 1800EST 09 0430EST 0 0 131.0K 0.00K Blizzard

MAZ023 Dukes 08 1800EST 09 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MAZ006-012-016- Barnstable - Eastern Norfolk - Southern Worcester - Western Essex - Western Plymouth 018-022 08 1840EST 09 0400EST 0 0 33.0K 0.00K Blizzard

MAZ023 Dukes 08 1920EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

79 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MASSACHUSETTS, Central and East MAZ019-020 Eastern Plymouth - Southern Bristol 08 2000EST 09 0400EST 0 0 590.0K 0.00K Blizzard

MAZ024 Nantucket 08 2042EST 0 0 10.7K 0.00K High Wind

MAZ011 Eastern Hampden 08 2200EST 09 0330EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MAZ024 Nantucket 09 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 10

MAZ007-016 Eastern Essex - Eastern Norfolk 09 0833EST 1645EST 0 0 6.3M 0.00K Coastal Flood

MAZ022 Barnstable 09 0932EST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K High Wind

MAZ015-019-022- Barnstable - Eastern Plymouth - Nantucket - Suffolk 024 09 0943EST 1515EST 0 0 14.63M 0.00K Coastal Flood

An historic winter storm deposited tremendous amounts of snow over all of southern New England, mainly from the mid- afternoon on Friday, February 8 and lasting into the daylight hours of Saturday, February 9. What made this an amazing storm was the widespread coverage of heavy snowfall. Most locations received 2 to 2.5 feet of snow! A stationary band of even heavier snowfall persisted from southwest NH through central MA and on to the southwest across central and western CT. In those areas, reports averaged closer to 2.5 to 3 feet! Along the southeast MA coast, average amounts ranged from 1 to 2 feet. Only on Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket were snowfall totals less than 1 foot (6 to 12 inches). Isolated thunderstorms were common across the entire region during the height of the storm. A low pressure system advancing from the Great Lakes region combined forces with a very moist low pressure system moving northeast from the Gulf Coast states. Explosive deepening took place Friday evening, February 8, as a low center moved from the North Carolina coast to south of Nantucket. Strong high pressure to the north of New England helped ensure that cold air remained in place over the area. Snowfall gained intensity during the afternoon, but during the night, 2 to 3 inch per hour amounts were common throughout the region. The band of heaviest snowfall, with 3 to 5 inches per hour for several hours, extended from southwest NH to central and western CT. The precipitation started as mainly snow, although a brief period of rain at the onset was common on the Islands. Snow ended in the morning in western and central MA, southwest NH, most of CT and RI, and in the early afternoon across eastern MA. It lingered during the whole afternoon over Cape Cod and Nantucket, aided by some ocean-effect bands of snowfall. The Blizzard of 2013 also produced a prolonged period of very strong winds Friday night along the MA and RI coasts. Gusts exceeded hurricane force (74 mph) at a few locations. Gale force gusts (to 50 mph) continued on the MA coast through Saturday afternoon. The strong winds, combined with a wet snow, led to extensive power outages from downed trees and wires in southeast coastal MA and in southern RI. Elsewhere, farther inland, the snow became drier and did not cling to trees like it did along the south and southeast coast of New England. Some wind gusts included: 76 mph at Logan Intl. Airport (Boston, MA), 75 mph at Bedford, MA, 77 mph at Hyannis, MA and 68 mph in Jamestown, RI. Damaging gusts to 60 mph were recorded as far west as Worcester County, MA. Wind gusts of 35 to 50 mph were common elsewhere in southern New England. In addition, moderate to major coastal flooding occurred, most notably during the time of the high tide Saturday morning along the Massachusetts east coast. At the storm's height near the early morning low tide, the storm surge reached 3 to 4 feet along much of the MA east coast from Boston south. At the time of the mid-morning high tide, the winds had shifted from northeast to north and the surge had dropped to 1.5 to 2.5 feet for most MA east coast locations. However, this was an astronomically high tide given the nearness to the time of the new moon, and waves to 30 feet had built just 15 miles off the coast. Consequently, many coastal roadways were impassable from Salisbury and Gloucester to Marshfield and Scituate on the south shore and on parts of Cape Cod. Water several feet deep was seen flowing into some vulnerable homes in Scituate. Although there was some structural damage, it did not come close to what was experienced during the Blizzard of 1978. Minor tidal flooding occurred along the south coasts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island during times of high tide Friday night and Saturday morning.

80 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MASSACHUSETTS, Central and East MAZ006-013>022 Barnstable - Eastern Essex - Eastern Norfolk - Eastern Plymouth - Northern Bristol - Southeast Middlesex - Southern Bristol - Southern Plymouth - Suffolk - Western Essex - Western Norfolk - Western Plymouth

17 0300EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MAZ015-022-024 Barnstable - Nantucket - Suffolk 17 0738EST 1821EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strengthening ocean storm spread advisory level snow across much of southern New England. In addition...pressure falls of 12 to 15mb in 6 hours resulted in strong, damaging winds impacting Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Boston.

MAZ004-012-026 Northern Worcester - Northwest Middlesex County - Southern Worcester

23 1900EST 25 0100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MAZ005>007-013- Eastern Essex - Eastern Norfolk - Western Essex - Western Middlesex - Western Norfolk 016 23 1900EST 25 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A coastal low moved southeast of southern New England. As this occurred, an inverted trough set up, bringing snow to much of the area. Snow amounts were low (under 3 inches) for much of the area. However, the higher elevations ended up with 6+ inches of snow.

MAZ002 Western Franklin 27 0400EST 28 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MAZ008 Western Hampshire 27 0400EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure tracking along the southern coast of New England brought snow to much of the interior of Massachusetts. Closer to the low (closer to the coasts) snow changed over to rain.

MASSACHUSETTS, West

MAZ001-025 Northern Berkshire - Southern Berkshire 08 1430EST 09 0930EST 0 0 Winter Storm

On the morning hours of Thursday, Februrary 8th, an area of low pressure rapidly developed off the mid-Atlantic coast. The development of this storm was aided by the phasing with another strong upper level disturbance moving towards the coast from the Great Lakes region. As this developing storm moved northeast off the Northeast coast from the late morning of February 8th and into the overnight hours, a large amount of Atlantic moisture was pulled westward, producing a widespread heavy snowfall. The snow fell heaviest during the evening and into the overnight hours, with snowfall rates of one to two inches per hour at times. In addition, strong northeast winds allowed for blowing and drifting of snowfall. During the height of the storm, winds gusted up to 36 mph across Berkshire County. The snowfall tapered off during the morning hours, although blowing and drifting continued through the day on Saturday, February 9th. Total snowfall amounts ranged from 10 inches in northern parts of Berkshire County to nearly two feet in southeastern parts of Berkshire county. Travel was significantly affected across the state of Massachusetts. In addition, nearly 400,000 customers lost power across the entire state.

81 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MASSACHUSETTS, West MAZ001 Northern Berkshire 27 0000EST 28 0340EST 0 0 Winter Weather

An area of low pressure over the Ohio Valley approached the region around midnight on Wednesday, February 27th. Snow, moderate to heavy at times, broke out across the Berkshires during the early morning hours. Light snowfall also developed across the valley areas of western Massachusetts. Another area of low pressure developed over the mid-Atlantic region and moved northeast inland across the region for the later on the morning of Wednesday, February 27th. The track of this low allowed warmer air, both at the surface and aloft, to move into the region. This allowed the precipitation to change to rain and become spotty across the lower elevations, ending the snow accumulation for these areas. However, upslope flow allowed steady precipitation to continue across the high terrain of the Berkshires through the day. Although there was some mixing with sleet and freezing rain, the precipitation remained mainly snow for a long enough period of time to allow for moderate accumulations of snow to occur. The steady precipitation tapered off to snow showers during the early morning hours of Thursday, February 28th. By Thursday, February 28th, storm total snowfall greatly varied according to elevation. While valley areas only had an inch or two, higher elevations across the Berkshires saw up to a foot of snow.

MICHIGAN, East

MIZ047>049-053 Bay - Huron - Midland - Saginaw 07 1700EST 08 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MIZ055-063 Sanilac - St. Clair 08 0100EST 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strengthening low pressure system tracked across the southern Great Lakes Thursday and Friday (February 7-8) bringing widespread snowfall to Southeast Michigan. Snow started earlier across the Saginaw Valley and the Thumb, bringing the highest snowfall totals of 7 to 10 inches to that region, with generally 3 to 6 inches further south. Lesser amounts were found south of the Metro Detroit area, as dry air had to be overcome and warm air filtered in ahead of the system. This lead to a period of freezing rain and sleet, with some locations reporting up to 0.10 inches of ice. Here are some of the higher snowfall totals reported: Midland (Midland) 12.0 inches. Bay Port (Huron) 10.7 inches. Auburn (Bay) 8.2 inches. Merrill (Saginaw) 8.0 inches. Peck (Sanilac) 6.5 inches. Port Huron (St. Clair) 6.5 inches.

16 2100EST 17 0100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

An intense Lake Huron snow band produced locally up to 11 inches over Croswell in far southeastern Sanilac county. The snow came down in a short 6 hour window.

MIZ075 Washtenaw 26 1600EST 27 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong low pressure system originating near Texas tracked northeast into the Ohio Valley. As the low lifted north, a mix of rain, freezing rain, sleet, and snow commenced Tuesday afternoon. A changeover to snow began between 4-7 PM for most areas. A general 3 to 5 inch swath of snow fell across most of Southeast Michigan, with up to 7 inches falling in Ann Arbor and Dexter in Washnetaw county. The heavy wet snow and wind lead to power outages in and around Ann Arbor.

82 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, Extreme Southwest MIZ077 Berrien 02 0100EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MIZ078>081 Branch - Cass - Hillsdale - St. Joseph 02 0200EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An Alberta Clipper dropped between 2 and 4 inches of accumulating snow on the region, with heavier amounts in excess of 6 inches near the Lake Michigan shoreline in southwest Lower Michigan.

MIZ077>081 Berrien - Branch - Cass - Hillsdale - St. Joseph 22 0100EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A warm front lifting through the region brought a period of snow, sleet, and freezing drizzle to southern Michigan during the early morning hours of February 22.

MIZ079 St. Joseph 26 1300EST 27 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MIZ077-078 Berrien - Cass 26 1300EST 27 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MIZ080-081 Branch - Hillsdale 26 1400EST 27 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong low pressure system lifting northeast through the Midwest and Great Lakes brought a period of heavy snow and freezing rain to southern Michigan. Snow totals near 6 inches and ice accretions near a tenth of an inch were common.

MICHIGAN, North

MIZ016-019 Charlevoix - Emmet 03 0700EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A clipper approached the region from the northwest on the 3rd. Preexisting lake effect snow was pushed into far northern Lower Michigan, resulting in a burst of very heavy snow on the 3rd. Cross Village picked up just over 10 inches of snow in less than four hours.

MIZ029-033>036- Alcona - Arenac - Gladwin - Iosco - Missaukee - Ogemaw - Oscoda - Roscommon 041>042 07 1400EST 08 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Arctic high pressure would move off to the east late on the 6th. Light snow developed late at night on the 6th, as warmer air tried to work north into the region. Much heavier snow got going on the afternoon and evening of the 7th, as low pressure crossed northwest Ohio and southeast Lower Michigan. By morning on the 8th, snowfall amounts topped out at around 10 inches in the Gladwin, Tawas, and Standish areas.

MIZ020-025-031 Benzie - Leelanau - Manistee 16 0000EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A series of small, weak, lake-generated low pressure systems moved southeast into northwest Lower Michigan, primarily on the night of the 15th into the 16th. These generated briefly heavy lake effect snow squalls, from Suttons Bay southward to Brethren and Wellston. Snowfall amounts of 6 to 8 inches were common in those coastal counties.

83 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, North MIZ008-016-020> Antrim - Benzie - Chippewa - Emmet - Grand Traverse - Kalkaska - Leelanau - Manistee - Otsego 022-025>027-031 19 0000EST 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure would lift northeastward across northern Lower Michigan in the early morning hours of the 19th. Out ahead of the system, precipitation fell as snow in eastern Upper Michigan, and as a mix to the south, though this precipitation was relatively light. As the system departed, strong winds brought in much colder air and accumulating lake effect snow by afternoon on the 19th. Snow amounts pushed 10 inches at Sault Ste Marie, and ranged from 5 to 8 inches across much of northwest Lower Michigan. The strong winds resulted in considerable blowing and drifting snow, and significant disruption to travel.

MICHIGAN, Upper

MIZ006 Alger 01 0000EST 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

MIZ002-003 Northern Houghton - Ontonagon 01 0000EST 1430EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Moderate to heavy lake effect snow fell over west and north central Upper Michigan on the 1st.

MIZ009 Gogebic 01 0400CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill

Cold Arctic air invaded far western Upper Michigan on the morning of the 1st driving wind chills down as cold as 35 below zero.

MIZ001-003 Keweenaw - Northern Houghton 02 2000EST 03 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MIZ006 Alger 03 0800EST 2000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Weak disturbances moving across Lake Superior brought moderate lake effect snow to portions of west and north central Upper Michigan from the 2nd into the 4th.

MIZ009-011-012 Dickinson - Gogebic - Menominee 06 1300CST 2045CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure trough moving through the Upper Great Lakes spread moderate snow across portions of west and south central Upper Michigan on the afternoon of the 6th.

MIZ001>003-005 Keweenaw - Marquette - Northern Houghton - Ontonagon 10 1500EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MIZ001-009 Gogebic - Keweenaw 11 0500CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system moved from the Central Plains into the Great Lakes region bringing a widespread heavy wet snow to western and north central Upper Michigan on 2/10. Freezing rain was also reported during the event. Lake effect snow then impacted western Upper Michigan during the day on 2/11.

84 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, Upper MIZ012 Menominee 13 2200CST 14 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MIZ009-014 Gogebic - Southern Schoolcraft 14 0000EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A quick moving low pressure system brought moderate snow to portions of west and south central Upper Michigan from 2/13- 2/14.

MIZ002-006-009 Alger - Gogebic - Ontonagon 15 0400EST 16 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

Heavy lake effect snow occurred over portions of west and north central Upper Michigan from 2/15-2/16.

MIZ001>006-009- Alger - Baraga - Gogebic - Keweenaw - Marquette - Northern Houghton - Ontonagon - Southern 084 Houghton 18 1900EST 19 0000EST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

MIZ013 Delta 18 2100EST 20 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MIZ085 Northern Schoolcraft 18 2300EST 20 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MIZ007-014 Luce - Southern Schoolcraft 19 0000EST 20 2130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MIZ001-003-006 Alger - Keweenaw - Northern Houghton 19 0900EST 20 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A major winter storm impacted portions of west and north central Upper Michigan 2/18-2/20. Blizzard conditions developed across the Keweenaw Peninsula and Alger County from 2/19-2/20.

MIZ003-005>007- Alger - Delta - Dickinson - Gogebic - Luce - Marquette - Menominee - Northern Houghton - Southern 009-011>014 Schoolcraft 22 0300CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system tracking through the Lower Great Lakes dropped moderate snow over portions of west and central Upper Michigan from the 22nd into the 23rd.

MIZ005-014 Marquette - Southern Schoolcraft 23 0500EST 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MIZ005-012>013 Alger - Delta - Marquette - Menominee 27 0330CST 2030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

85 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, Upper

A low pressure system tracking through the Lower Great Lakes dropped moderate snow over much of the east half of Upper Michigan on the 27th.

MICHIGAN, West

MIZ037-050-056- Allegan - Barry - Kent - Mason - Muskegon - Ottawa - Van Buren 064>065-071 01 0000EST 02 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A prolonged Lake Effect Snow Event began late on January 31st with impacts being first felt midday February 1st. S0me locations saw continuous snow for 72 hours, though the greatest impacts were felt from midday to midnight February 1st.

MIZ039-044>046- Clare - Gratiot - Isabella - Kent - Mecosta - Montcalm - Muskegon - Newaygo - Osceola - Ottawa 050>052-056>057 07 0800EST 08 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system brought up to ten to fourteen inches of snow to portions of central lower Michigan with snowfall rates of up to two inches per hour at times. The heaviest snow fell from Muskegon east northeast to Big Rapids and Mt. Pleasant.

MIZ037-043 Mason - Oceana 15 1500EST 16 2359EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

MIZ050-056-064- Allegan - Muskegon - Ottawa - Van Buren 071 15 1500EST 17 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A period of lake effect snow lasted from mid afternoon on February 15th through the late evening hours of the 16th. A dominant lake effect snow band set up across Mason and Oceana counties, where amounts ranged from ten inches to sixteen inches, causing considerable travel difficulties.

MIZ037-050-056- Allegan - Mason - Muskegon - Ottawa 064 19 0000EST 20 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Cold arctic air brought a drastic temperature change during the early morning hours of February 19th which was followed by lake effect snow that quickly developed and lasted into the 20th. Hardest hit were areas from around Muskegon south to Saugatuck, where around 10 to 12 inches of snow fell. The snow fell over the course of two days and only some minor slow downs on roadways were noted as impacts from this snow.

MINNESOTA, Central and South Central

MNZ041>043-047> Chippewa - Douglas - Kandiyohi - Lac Qui Parle - Morrison - Pope - Stearns - Stevens - Swift - Todd - 049-054>057-064 Yellow Medicine 09 2000CST 10 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MNZ044-050>053- Anoka - Benton - Carver - Chisago - Hennepin - Isanti - Kanabec - McLeod - Meeker - Mille Lacs - 058>061-065>066- Redwood - Renville - Sherburne - Wright 068-073 10 0000CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

86 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Central and South Central

A large storm system brought a combination of heavy sleet, freezing rain and snow to south central and east central Minnesota Sunday morning, February 10th, with heavy snowfall across central and west central Minnesota where up to 14 inches fell near Millerville. Although this system was large and continued to produce occasional light snow, sleet and freezing rain through Sunday evening, the heaviest precipitation, and the bulk of the winter storm occurred Sunday morning, through early Sunday afternoon. During this time, sleet and freezing rain accumulated up to a quarter of an inch in portions of south central and east central Minnesota, as well as west central Wisconsin. Across the west, and central part of the state, most of the precipitation stayed in the form of snow, with heavy accumulations from Granite Falls and Montevideo, north and northeast toward Morris, Glenwood, Alexandria and Long Prairie. These areas reported 8 to 12 inches of snowfall, with local amounts of 12-14 inches around Morris and Alexandria. Lighter amounts occurred east of this area, but there were still areas of 5 to 8 inches from Redwood Falls, northeast to St. Cloud and Mora. Across the northern part of the Twin Cities, amounts varied from 3 to 6 inches, but combined with sleet and freezing rain amounts of 0.10 to 0.20 inches, winter storm conditions were met. Further to the south, amounts rapidly decreased to around 2-4 inches in the southern Metro area, with only 1-2 inches in south central Minnesota, and portions of west central Wisconsin.

MNZ041-047-054> Chippewa - Douglas - Kandiyohi - Lac Qui Parle - Pope - Stevens - Swift - Yellow Medicine 057-064 10 2100CST 11 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MNZ065-073 Redwood - Renville 11 0000CST 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A large storm system dumped 6 to 12 inches of snow across a wide area of west central and portions of southwest Minnesota, with local amounts up to 14 inches near Alexandria and Morris on Sunday, February 10th. By the late afternoon and evening hours, a strong pressure gradient developed as the storm system departed. Wind speeds increased to over 25 mph by the evening, with gusts in open areas between 40 and 50 mph during the overnight hours, especially along the Minnesota River Valley, and near the South Dakota border. These wind speeds, combined with the newly fallen snow, created blizzard conditions across most of west central and portions of southwest Minnesota. The Minnesota Department of Transportation called in all of the snow plows in this area due to significant blowing and drifting snow across the highways. Interstate 94, from Alexandria, northwest to Fargo was closed due to numerous stalled cars and accidents.

MNZ041-047-054> Brown - Chippewa - Douglas - Kandiyohi - Lac Qui Parle - Nicollet - Pope - Redwood - Renville - Sibley - 057-064>065-067- Stevens - Swift - Yellow Medicine 073>075 18 1200CST 2330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An area of low pressure that moved from northern Minnesota, eastward across the northern Great Lakes early Monday morning, intensified and created winds of 30 to 40 mph, with occasional gusts in excess of 45-50 mph across west central Minnesota. Although initially temperatures warmed into the 30s and created a crust on the top layer of snow, winds intensified, and along with some light snow that developed, caused the top layer to blow off and create blizzard conditions for several hours during the afternoon, and evening hours of Monday, February 18th. Several highways and county roads were closed due to the blowing snow, along with numerous accidents as surface visibilities dropped to less than a few hundred feet at times as winds gusted up to 50 mph. Winds slowly subsided late in the evening, but considerable drifting snow continued along with some areas of blowing snow.

MNZ076>078-083> Blue Earth - Faribault - Freeborn - Goodhue - Le Sueur - Martin - Rice - Steele - Waseca 085-091>093 21 1900CST 22 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A large storm system that moved across the central Plains, and into the Midwest, clipped portions of southern Minnesota late Thursday evening, and into early Friday morning, February 22nd. Although the main storm system moved over the Midwest, ample moisture and a few heavier snow bands clipped southern Minnesota, and brought a few locations near Albert Lea, Waseca, Owatonna, and Faribault with snowfall amounts of 6 to 9 inches in less than 12 hours. The main initial band of moderate to occasionally heavy snow occurred between 7 pm and 11 pm, Thursday, February 21st, which likely produced an initial three to five inches of snow along the Iowa border, northward to Owatonna. After 11 pm, most of the precipitation was light and continued through early Friday morning, before tapering off to flurries between 6-9 am.

87 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Northeast MNZ010-018>019- Central St. Louis - Crow Wing - Koochiching - Northern Aitkin - Northern Cass - Northern Itasca - 025>026-033>038 Northern St. Louis - Pine - Southern Aitkin - Southern Cass - Southern Itasca - Southern St. Louis/Carlton

01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Severe drought (D2) continued over most of the region, with the exception of the Arrowhead counties of Cook and Lake and areas bordering the Canadian border.

MNZ010>012-018> Central St. Louis - Crow Wing - Koochiching - Northern Aitkin - Northern Cass - Northern 020-025>026-033> Cook/Northern Lake - Northern Itasca - Northern St. Louis - Pine - Southern Aitkin - Southern Cass - 038 Southern Itasca - Southern Lake - Southern St. Louis/Carlton 10 0300CST 11 1200CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A low pressure system moved northeast across Iowa and northern Wisconsin. Snow began to spread across northeastern Minnesota early in the morning of the 10th and covered the entire region by the afternoon. The storm featured snow rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour for about 6 hours, especially over northeastern Minnesota. It tapered off as quickly as it began with most accumulating snow ending in the evening across east central Minnesota and overnight across far northern Minnesota. Final snowfall amounts ranged from about 8 to 12 inches across much of northeast Minnesota. The greatest totals of 10 to 13 inches stretched from about Staples, MN to International Falls, MN.

MINNESOTA, Northwest

MNZ002-027-029> Clay - Grant - Norman - West Becker - West Otter Tail - Wilkin 030-040 10 0600CST 11 1200CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

A moisture laden Colorado Low tracked from central Nebraska on the morning of the 10th to central Lake Superior by the morning of the 11th. Ahead of the system there was some light freezing rain and fog early as temperatures were quite mild. Snowfall amounts ranged from 5 to 21 inches, with the most snow falling around Rothsay, Minnesota. The falling snow combined with north to northwest winds at 35 to 45 mph to produce whiteout conditions. Interstate 94 was closed from Moorhead to Alexandria, U. S. Highway 10 was closed from Moorhead to Detroit Lakes, and Minnesota Highway 210 was closed between Breckenridge and Fergus Falls. Many schools and other activities closed down on the 11th.

MNZ001-005-008> East Becker - East Marshall - East Otter Tail - East Polk - Hubbard - Lake of the Woods - Mahnomen - 009-013>017-022> North Beltrami - North Clearwater - Pennington - Red Lake - Roseau - South Beltrami - South Clearwater 024-028-031>032 - Wadena - West Polk 10 0600CST 11 1200CST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

A moisture laden Colorado Low tracked from central Nebraska on the morning of the 10th to central Lake Superior by the morning of the 11th. Ahead of the system there was some light freezing rain and fog early as temperatures were quite mild. Snowfall amounts ranged from 6 to 18 inches, with the most snow falling from the Upper and Lower Red Lakes down through the Bagley area. The falling snow combined with north to northwest winds at 25 to 35 mph to produce occasional visibilities below a half mile. There were widespread road closures which resulted in cancelled schools and other activities on the 11th. U. S. Highway 2 was closed from East Grand Forks to Crookston.

MINNESOTA, Southeast

MNZ079-086>088- Dodge - Fillmore - Mower - Olmsted - Wabasha - Winona 094>095 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Snowfall amounts averaged 10 to 16 inches with 1 to 1.25 inches of liquid precipitation across southeast Minnesota in the counties still affected by the drought. With the frozen ground, little if any of this precipitation was absorbed by the soil. No change in the drought conditions occurred and a severe to extreme drought remained across Dodge, Fillmore, Mower, Olmsted, Wabasha and Winona Counties. Twenty ethanol plants across the country have been idled due to a shortage of corn caused by the drought. However, the ethanol plants in southeast Minnesota have remained open.

88 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Southeast MNZ079-086>088- Dodge - Fillmore - Mower - Olmsted - Wabasha - Winona 094>095 21 2135CST 22 1145CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Between 5 and 9 inches of snow fell across much of southeast Minnesota on February 21st into the 22nd. The snow was produced by an area of low pressure and warm front that moved northeast across the Upper Midwest. The heaviest snow fell during the overnight hours of the 21st when snowfall rates of an inch per hour were common. The highest reported snowfall amount was 9 inches in Mantorville (Dodge County). The snow caused numerous schools to cancel classes on the 22nd.

MINNESOTA, Southwest

MNZ071-080>081- Cottonwood - Jackson - Lincoln - Lyon - Murray - Nobles - Pipestone - Rock 089>090-097>098 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Drought conditions continued over all of southwest Minnesota in February, despite precipitation which was a little above normal. The excess of a few tenths of an inch in the driest month of the year did little to relieve the long term dry soil conditions. There was little noted in the way of new effects of the drought, with the dry conditions giving a poor outlook for the Spring and Summer, including the poor germination of the winter wheat crop during the dry fall. Water restrictions continued to be few during the winter because of the low water usage, but the area was deemed vulnerable to even marginally dry weather if it developed in the spring and summer. Drought was generally listed as continued severe to exceptional for the area, with the northern edge of the area, from Ivanhoe to Marshall, making a slight improvement to severe because of greater snowfall and snow cover during the month.

MNZ071-080>081- Cottonwood - Jackson - Lincoln - Lyon - Murray - Nobles - Pipestone - Rock 089>090-097>098 10 1900CST 11 1500CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

Variable snowfall of 2 to 5 inches, northwest winds gusting to 45 mph, and snow cover existing before the storm in part of the area, produced blizzard conditions with visibilities below a quarter mile in blowing snow in many areas. The low visibilities and drifting snow forced some businesses to close, and also forced several school closings on Monday February 11th. The blizzard closed many roads.

MINNESOTA, West Central

MNZ039-046 Big Stone - Traverse 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Severe drought conditions began the month for all of Big Stone and Traverse counties. There was some improvement for the western parts of the counties to moderate drought early on in the month as a significant blizzard brought some relief to the region.

MNZ039-046 Big Stone - Traverse 10 1930CST 11 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A very strong low pressure area moving across the region brought widespread heavy snow of 12 to 17 inches to west central Minnesota. Along with the heavy snow came strong winds of 25 to 40 mph causing widespread blowing and drifting snow. Many roads and highways were closed for a time. Schools started late or were closed on Monday the 11th. Some snowfall amounts included; 12 inches at Artichoke Lake and Ortonville; 15 inches at Browns Valley; and 17 inches at Wheaton. The snow began across the region between 9 and 11 pm on the 9th and ended in the early afternoon of the 11th.

MNZ039-046 Big Stone - Traverse 18 1700CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An Arctic front dropping in behind an exiting low pressure area brought some scattered light snow showers, very strong winds of 30 to 40 mph, along with widespread blowing snow. With the deep existing snow cover along with the new snowfall, ground blizzard conditions occurred from the late afternoon to the middle evening. Additional amounts from a trace up to a half inch occurred. Frequent whiteout conditions brought extremely hazardous travel, with travel not advised along with several roads closed. Some motorists were stranded and had to be rescued. Some schools were also closed early and started late on Tuesday the 19th.

89 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Humphreys County Silver City 10 1049CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

A barn was destroyed along Highway 149. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Warren County 2 E Eagle Bend 10 1056CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Numerous trees were blown down in the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Yazoo County 2 SE Renshaw 10 1108CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

One tree was blown down on Carson Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Warren County 1 SE Haynes Bluff 10 1115CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

Several power lines were blown down along Floweree Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Holmes County 1 E Durant 10 1135CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few power lines were blown down in Durant. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Madison County 1 E Flora 10 1138CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees and power lines were blown down around Flora, as well as much of southwestern Madison County.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Madison County 1 W Camden 10 1150CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few older trees were blown down around town. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Attala County 4 SSE Mc Adams 10 1154CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down across Highway 14 West south of McAdams, and a few power lines were blown down just east of Kosciusko. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Warren County Stout 10 1220CST National Cemetery 1300CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Numerous streets were flooded in the Vicksburg area. The fire department had to make several water rescues of people in flooded vehicles.

Madison County 2 SSW Madison 10 1300CST 1 SE Madison Station 1330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water was across Madison Avenue near the train tracks. Kemper County 3 W Scooba 10 1335CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A power line was blown down in the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

90 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Hinds County 3 WSW Coopers Wells 10 1340CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down south of Raymond. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Rankin County 2 ENE Flowood 10 1355CST 2 NW Greenfield 1455CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flooding occurred at Autry Street and Skylane Drive, as well as on Pemberton Drive in Pearl.

Hinds County 1 ESE Siwell 10 1430CST Nogan 1530CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several streets were flooded all across south Jackson and out toward Clinton.

Copiah County 2 NNE Crystal Spgs 10 1510CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down along Highway 27. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lawrence County 2 SSE Arm 10 1539CST 2 SW Bournham 1543CST 1.58 140 0 0 75.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

This tornado started in a wooded area between River Road and GW Smith Road. As it moved east northeast, it snapped and uprooted a couple dozen hardwood and softwood trees along GW Smith Road. It also downed a couple power lines in this area. Several hay barns were damaged with tin thrown along the path. A well defined convergent pattern was noted with the tree damage. Also along this road, a mobile home had the front porch removed, and three other homes sustained minor roof damage. The tornado dissipated as it crossed highway 43. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 95 mph.

An outbuilding was heavily damaged by a tornado on February 10th, 2013. Photo courtesy NWS Jackson, MS. Marion County 4 WSW Pickwick 10 1623CST 6 NNE Pinebur 1649CST 16.73 400 0 3 300.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

91 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central

This tornado started just inside Marion County on New Hope Road where a few outbuildings were destroyed. On the east side of the road, a home had a good portion of the roof torn off. The tornado then crossed Hurricane Creek Road and approached Mt Carmel Church Road, which is where the most intense damage occurred. Three mobile homes were completely destroyed with just the undercarriage left (3 injuries occurred here). A bit further northeast, the tornado crossed Regan Road where three homes sustained significant roof damage. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted in this area as well. The tornado weakened as it crossed Hwy 35, but continued to produce low end tree damage across Hwy 13 South and Game Reserve Road. Additional damage to structures occurred near the Lamar County line along Columbia-Purvis Road, Powell Lane and Culdesac Drive. The tornado then entered Lamar County causing additional damage to structures with one home off Wiley Lott Road having the roof removed. A number of power poles were snapped in this area as well, along with significant tree damage. The tornado dissipated shortly after producing this damage. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 120 mph.

Copiah County 2 ENE Gallatin 10 1630CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A couple of roads had to be closed due to flooding. Lawrence County Arm 10 1638CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Lamar County 7 W Tatums Camps 10 1649CST 1650CST 1.4 400 0 0 75.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

This tornado started just inside Marion County on New Hope Road where a few outbuildings were destroyed. On the east side of the road, a home had a good portion of the roof torn off. The tornado then crossed Hurricane Creek Road and approached Mt Carmel Church Road, which is where the most intense damage occurred. Three mobile homes were completely destroyed with just the undercarriage left (3 injuries occurred here). A bit further northeast, the tornado crossed Regan Road where three homes sustained significant roof damage. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted in this area as well. The tornado weakened as it crossed Hwy 35, but continued to produce low end tree damage across Hwy 13 South and Game Reserve Road. Additional damage to structures occurred near the Lamar County line along Columbia-Purvis Road, Powell Lane and Culdesac Drive. The tornado then entered Lamar County causing additional damage to structures with one home off Wiley Lott Road having the roof removed. A number of power poles were snapped in this area as well, along with significant tree damage. The tornado dissipated shortly after producing this damage. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 120 mph.

Jones County 1 W Ellisville 10 1655CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Lamar County 3 W Oak Grove 10 1703CST 1 ESE Wardwell Station 1715CST 7.55 1320 0 8 13.50M 0.00K Tornado (EF4)

The tornado started along Highway 589, where some limbs and small trees were blown down. It became intense rather quickly, producing significant damage as it moved through the West Lake Serene area. The tornado reached its maximum intensity in the area around and just southwest of Oak Grove High School where maximum winds were estimated at 170 mph, which is EF- 4 strength. There was a brick home in a subdivision southwest of the high school, just west of old Highway 11, that was completely leveled with all interior and exterior walls down, and a fair amount of large debris was blown downstream. Additionally, very high end timber damage occurred in this location with a number of trees showing debarking and denuding. Several other homes in this subdivision also sustained EF-2 to EF-3 damage. As the tornado crossed old Highway 11, it produced extensive damage on the campus of Oak Grove High School. The field house adjoining the football stadium was destroyed, the baseball stadium and a large metal building adjoining the stadium were essentially destroyed, and several large steel/concrete light standards were snapped at both the baseball and football stadiums. A vehicle was thrown from the parking lot adjoining the baseball stadium, up a small hill and was deposited near the pitching mound in the middle of the baseball field. The main building of the high school also suffered roof damage.

The tornado then moved northeast into the heavily populated areas of Oak Grove and West Hattiesburg, including areas along Lincoln Road Extension, Weathersby Road, Oak Grove Road, and the area just south of Highway 98 along Clark, Lamar and Foxgate Avenues. Numerous homes were destroyed or suffered major damage, and a few homes showed evidence of high end EF-3 damage. Dozens of power poles were snapped and extensive tree damage occurred. Video evidence and ground survey damage appeared to indicate that the tornado was multi-vortex in nature during its Lamar County portion. Just before crossing Interstate 59, it caused significant roof damage to a number of apartment buildings just west of the interstate. In total in Lamar County, emergency management indicated that 51 homes were destroyed and 170 suffered major damage.

92 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central

The tornado then moved into Forrest County just to the south of Hardy Street damaging numerous homes with the damage in the EF-2 and EF-3 category. It then crossed Hardy Street impacting the southeast corner of the University of Southern Mississippi campus. Numerous buildings were damaged in this area including several campus buildings and a large church. Numerous power poles were blown down in this area and several metal traffic lights were bent or torn off their bases. Damage in this area was also EF-2 and EF-3. The tornado continued across Highway 49 impacting multiple neighborhoods. Numerous roofs were blown off houses and many trees fell on houses and vehicles. The tornado crossed North Main Street causing significant damage to the Red Cross building, the Girl Scouts building, and bending large metal poles at the Hattiesburg High School athletic fields. The tornado then moved across east 7th Street causing significant damage to several large brick buildings. Damage in the area between north Main Street and east 7th Avenue was in the high end EF-3 range with maximum winds around 160 mph.

The tornado continued into Petal with the most significant damage occurring to an Ace Hardware store on South Main Street. Numerous homes in the vicinity of the hardware store also had roofs torn off and exterior walls collapsed. This damage was also rated high end EF-3 with maximum winds around 160 mph.

The tornado began to weaken as it crossed the Evelyn Gandy Parkway to the northeast of Petal. Damage in this area was mainly EF-1 and EF-2 and consisted of roof damage and snapped trees. The tornado strengthened one last time as it moved through a neighborhood just off Twin Lakes Road. Numerous well built homes experienced EF-2 damage to the roofs in this neighborhood. The tornado weakened as it approached the Perry County line and dissipated a couple of miles into Perry County. Damage at the end of the track was in the EF-0 to EF-1 range.

In Forrest County, emergency management indicated that 133 homes were destroyed and 207 suffered major damage. There were 63 reported injuries. This is the second violent tornado to impact Lamar and Forrest Counties in recorded history. The other violent tornado was the infamous Purvis tornado on April 24, 1908 that was on the ground for 155 miles and impacted many counties across Mississippi. In total, 143 people were killed by this tornado, including 60 in Lamar County and 4 in Forrest County.

The athletic fields at Oak Grove High School were severely damaged by a violent tornado that moved across the area on February 10th, 2013. A vehicle from the parking lot was thrown into the baseball diamond as well. Photo courtesy NWS Jackson, MS. Forrest County 2 W Hattiesburg 10 1715CST 2 ESE Macedonia 1733CST 12.3 1320 0 63 25.00M 0.00K Tornado (EF3)

The tornado started along Highway 589, where some limbs and small trees were blown down. It became intense rather quickly, producing significant damage as it moved through the West Lake Serene area. The tornado reached its maximum intensity in the area around and just southwest of Oak Grove High School where maximum winds were estimated at 170 mph, which is EF- 4 strength. There was a brick home in a subdivision southwest of the high school, just west of old Highway 11, that was completely leveled with all interior and exterior walls down, and a fair amount of large debris was blown downstream. Additionally, very high end timber damage occurred in this location with a number of trees showing debarking and denuding. Several other homes in this subdivision also sustained EF-2 to EF-3 damage. As the tornado crossed old Highway 11, it produced extensive damage on the campus of Oak Grove High School. The field house adjoining the football stadium was destroyed, the baseball stadium and a large metal building adjoining the stadium were essentially destroyed, and several large steel/concrete light standards were snapped at both the baseball and football stadiums. A vehicle was thrown from the parking lot adjoining the baseball stadium, up a small hill and was deposited near the pitching mound in the middle of the baseball field. The main building of the high school also suffered roof damage.

93 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central

The tornado then moved northeast into the heavily populated areas of Oak Grove and West Hattiesburg, including areas along Lincoln Road Extension, Weathersby Road, Oak Grove Road, and the area just south of Highway 98 along Clark, Lamar and Foxgate Avenues. Numerous homes were destroyed or suffered major damage, and a few homes showed evidence of high end EF-3 damage. Dozens of power poles were snapped and extensive tree damage occurred. Video evidence and ground survey damage appeared to indicate that the tornado was multi-vortex in nature during its Lamar County portion. Just before crossing Interstate 59, it caused significant roof damage to a number of apartment buildings just west of the interstate. In total in Lamar County, emergency management indicated that 51 homes were destroyed and 170 suffered major damage.

The tornado then moved into Forrest County just to the south of Hardy Street damaging numerous homes with the damage in the EF-2 and EF-3 category. It then crossed Hardy Street impacting the southeast corner of the University of Southern Mississippi campus. Numerous buildings were damaged in this area including several campus buildings and a large church. Numerous power poles were blown down in this area and several metal traffic lights were bent or torn off their bases. Damage in this area was also EF-2 and EF-3. The tornado continued across Highway 49 impacting multiple neighborhoods. Numerous roofs were blown off houses and many trees fell on houses and vehicles. The tornado crossed North Main Street causing significant damage to the Red Cross building, the Girl Scouts building, and bending large metal poles at the Hattiesburg High School athletic fields. The tornado then moved across east 7th Street causing significant damage to several large brick buildings. Damage in the area between north Main Street and east 7th Avenue was in the high end EF-3 range with maximum winds around 160 mph.

The tornado continued into Petal with the most significant damage occurring to an Ace Hardware store on South Main Street. Numerous homes in the vicinity of the hardware store also had roofs torn off and exterior walls collapsed. This damage was also rated high end EF-3 with maximum winds around 160 mph.

The tornado began to weaken as it crossed the Evelyn Gandy Parkway to the northeast of Petal. Damage in this area was mainly EF-1 and EF-2 and consisted of roof damage and snapped trees. The tornado strengthened one last time as it moved through a neighborhood just off Twin Lakes Road. Numerous well built homes experienced EF-2 damage to the roofs in this neighborhood. The tornado weakened as it approached the Perry County line and dissipated a couple of miles into Perry County. Damage at the end of the track was in the EF-0 to EF-1 range.

In Forrest County, emergency management indicated that 133 homes were destroyed and 207 suffered major damage. There were 63 reported injuries. This is the second violent tornado to impact Lamar and Forrest Counties in recorded history. The other violent tornado was the infamous Purvis tornado on April 24, 1908 that was on the ground for 155 miles and impacted many counties across Mississippi. In total, 143 people were killed by this tornado, including 60 in Lamar County and 4 in Forrest County.

The Ace Hardware store in Petal was completely destroyed by a violent tornado that crossed over the area on February 10th, 2013. Photo courtesy NWS Jackson, MS. Marion County 1 NE Goss 10 1740CST 0 0 150.00K 0.00K Hail (2.75)

Baseball to softball size hail fell in and around Goss.

94 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Jefferson Davis County 6 ENE Hathorn 10 1743CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Jefferson Davis County 1 E Prentiss 10 1745CST 1815CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water covered a portion of John Street, which had to be closed for a while.

Jones County Ovett 10 1905CST 1940CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

There was flooding on Ovett Moselle Road in front of the post office.

Jones County 2 NNW Moselle 10 1925CST 2 W Tawanta 2015CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flooding occurred on Pittman Road near Phillips Road. Lamar County 5 WSW Purvis 10 2312CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

An approaching cold front, an unusually high amount of wind shear, and sufficient instability resulted in an outbreak of severe thunderstorms across portions of the lower Deep South, including a violent tornado that moved through Hattiesburg. During the morning hours of February 10th, a line of severe thunderstorms moved into the ArkLaMiss, downing trees and powerlines over portions of southeast Arkansas, northeast Louisiana, and central Mississippi. There was also a barn destroyed near Silver City in Humphreys County. The storms continued to push eastward through the early afternoon, then began to slow down as the cold front began to stall. To the south and east of this line of storms, several supercell thunderstorms developed in the more unstable air mass over south Mississippi, with many of the storms exhibiting strong rotation on radar. Shortly after 4 pm, a tornado developed over southwest Marion County near the Pickwick community and tracked across the county into far western Lamar County before lifting. The same storm which produced this tornado continued eastward across northern Lamar County, producing a large tornado which touched down west of Oak Grove and tracked through the very populated West Hattiesburg area. The tornado continued into Forrest County, tracking through the cities of Hattiesburg and Petal before ending in northwestern Perry County. Considerable damage occurred along the path of this storm, and several people were injured. Scattered severe storms continued to affect the Pine Belt area through the remainder of the evening and into the early morning hours of the 11th, before finally moving out of the area. In addition to severe weather, flash flooding was a major issue in several areas. From the 10th through the early morning hours of the 11th, the heaviest rainfall occurred over parts of southeast Mississippi, where 5 to 7 inches of rain fell and flash flooding was reported in the area. Rainfall amounts of up to 3 1/2 inches occurred in the Jackson metro area, leading to considerable flash flooding. Quick rises occurred on several streams in the city of Jackson.

Jones County 1 W Ellisville 11 0030CST 0120CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flooding occurred in the area, with water in one home. Lamar County 1 NE Epley 11 0145CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Jefferson County 1 SE Fayette 12 0830CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Simpson County 1 NE Mendenhall 12 0950CST 2 ESE D Lo 1050CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A few streets were flooded in Mendenhall.

95 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Claiborne County 1 S Grand Gulf 12 1133CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Claiborne County 1 SW Galloway 12 1138CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Hinds County 1 S Utica 12 1156CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Hinds County 1 S Utica 12 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Leake County 1 SW Sproles Siding 12 1205CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail ranged in size from pea to quarter size. Hinds County 2 SW Spring Ridge 12 1215CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

The hail fell between Terry and Raymond. Hinds County 1 NE New Byram 12 1222CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Rankin County 1 N Lakeland 12 1230CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Rankin County 2 SW Leesburg 12 1253CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Scott County 2 SSW Groveton 12 1256CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Hinds County 3 SSE Longaloo 12 1300CST 3 S Tougaloo 1345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding occurred along Hanging Moss Creek. An upper disturbance which was associated with a frontal boundary caused some strong to severe storms to move across the region. These storms produced some quarter size hail, as well as some wind damage to trees and power lines.

Adams County 3 SSW Cranfield 21 1525CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Cranfield Road and Liberty Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Franklin County 2 NNW Roxie 21 1550CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A pine tree was snapped along Highway 84. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Hinds County 2 SSW Jackson Hawkins Fld 21 1700CST 1 W Nogan 1800CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several streets were flooded in and near downtown Jackson.

96 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Jefferson County 1 SE Fayette 21 1852CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Rankin County 1 SE Flowood 21 1900CST 1920CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Street flooding occurred in Pearl on Pemberton Drive. Skyline Drive was closed to due to street flooding.

Copiah County 3 NNE Crystal Spgs 21 1950CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down on Highway 51. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Copiah County 1 WSW Crystal Spgs 21 2030CST 2115CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Many streets were flooded around Crystal Springs. Some of the roads had a lot of water over them. Several roads that rarely flood had water over them.

Rankin County 1 WSW Florence 21 2030CST 1 N Anse 2100CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several creeks and ditches were flooded. Water was standing in the yards of a few homes.

Scott County 2 SW Forest Muni Arpt 21 2100CST 1 SSW Stage 2130CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several roads were flooded across the southern part of the county.

Smith County 1 NE Polkville 21 2200CST 2300CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A couple of roads in northwest Smith County were flooded. A part of Highway 13 near the Smith and Scott County line was flooded for a short time.

Lauderdale County 1 NE Meridian 21 2223CST 2 NE Bonita 2300CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

There was flooding in the Briarwood section of Meridian. Jefferson Davis County 6 NE Hathorn 21 2231CST 1 W Bassfield 2241CST 6.27 400 0 0 175.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The tornado started along Smith Lane just north of Stowey Parkman Road. The tornado moved northeast, snapping and uprooting a number of trees and causing some minor damage to structures as it passed Wiley Dyess Road and T.W. Bass Road. The tornado reached its maximum intensity as it moved along and across Green Creek Road and Carson-Bunker Hill Road. Here two well built brick frame homes were heavily damaged, power poles were snapped, a well built farm building was destroyed. Another outbuilding was also destroyed, extensive tree damage occurred and several other homes and buildings suffered minor to moderate damage. The tornado weakened as it crossed Hunnicut Road snapping a few trees and dissipated before reaching State Highway 42 west of Bassfield. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 120 mph.

Jefferson Davis County 1 WSW Bassfield 21 2300CST 2315CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Hunnicut Road was flooded for a short time.

97 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Covington County 4 SSE Williamsburg 21 2300CST 4 SSW Collins 2301CST 0.67 75 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

This brief tornado moved along McDonald Chapel Road, snapping several trees, blowing the skirting out from under a mobile home and peeling back a small part of a roof from a chicken house. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 80 mph.

Adams County Sibley 22 1258CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Adams County 4 SW Cranfield 22 1313CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Nickel to quarter size hail covered a patio southwest of Cranfield.

Adams County 1 S Kingston 22 1335CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter size hail fell in the Kingston community. Franklin County 2 NNW Roxie 22 1347CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Copiah County 1 E Hopewell 22 1445CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Nickel to quarter size hail fell in Hopewell. Smith County 1 NE Polkville 22 1445CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Marion County 1 S Columbia Marion Arpt 22 1754CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Hail (1.50)

Quarter to ping pong ball size hail fell just northeast of Columbia.

Lamar County Sumrall 22 1813CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Dime to quarter size hail fell in Sumrall. Covington County 2 SSW Sanford 22 1822CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

A potent storm system developed across the Inter-Mountain West before tracking east across the Lower Mississippi Valley region February 21st. A rather cold and dry air mass was entrenched across the region through the 20th, with dew points in the teens and twenties. In fact, as atmospheric lift began to approach the area and some light showers moved across portions of the Delta, light sleet occurred. There was not enough sleet to cause travel problems, but it showed how cold the atmosphere was prior to the incoming low pressure system.

By the morning of the 21st, the warm front was still located along the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Dew points were still in the upper 30s as of late morning across Central Mississippi. Some showers and isolated thunderstorms moved through the area producing small hail. The warm front slowly moved north and by mid to late afternoon, dew points had finally increased to the mid and upper 50s across the I-20 corridor and were in the mid 60s further south. This helped to fuel additional showers and thunderstorms as the main upper level storm system tracked northeast. As the moisture increased across the region, the combination of strong wind shear and an unstable air mass south of the warm front became more conducive to supercell and tornado development. Strong storms were moving through the southwestern portions of the region later that afternoon.

98 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central

Around 5 pm storms began to exhibit rotation on radar and a tornado developed in Concordia Parish just south of Clayton. This tornado produced some damage to some homes and trailers in the area. As the low pressure gradually tracked northeast and the warm front lifted further north, the environment became more favorable for tornadoes in southern Mississippi. One storm had continuous rotation as it moved from north-central Louisiana into south-central Mississippi. This storm crossed southeast Lawrence to northwest Marion counties around 10 pm and continued to track northeast. Rotation began to intensify and a strong tornado developed around 10:30 pm a few miles southwest of Bassfield. This tornado caused minor to moderate damage to some homes and buildings, snapped some power poles and caused extensive tree damage. Another weak tornado developed around 11 pm a few miles southwest of Collins snapping some trees and causing some damage to a mobile home and a chicken house. Scattered storms continued to affect the Pine Belt area into the early morning hours on the 22nd, before finally moving out of the area. In addition to severe weather, flash flooding became an issue in central Mississippi. From the morning of the 21st through the early morning of the 22nd, the heaviest rainfall occurred over parts of central Mississippi, where 3 to 4 inches of rain fell and flash flooding was reported in the area. Montgomery County 1 N Winona 25 2100CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees and power lines were blown down in Winona. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Webster County 1 NE Eupora 25 2200CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (43EG)

The roof of a dilapidated mobile home was blown off. A strong upper disturbance interacting with a warm front caused a couple severe storms to develop over central Mississippi. Note: The estimated wind gust of 43 knots is equivalent to 49 mph.

MISSISSIPPI, South Amite County Gloster 10 1415CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

A public report of quarter size hail was relayed by Gloster Police Department.

Walthall County 3 E Flowers 10 1615CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Several trees were reported down near the intersection of Highways 48 and 45.

A cold front moved through southern Mississippi and southeast Louisiana during the afternoon and evening hours. Thunderstorms, a few severe, developed in advance of the cold front. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Jackson County 2 SE Arena 25 1945CST 3 SSE Orange Grove 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rain caused flash flooding in several areas of Jackson County including: Cook Road at Tucker Road, Van Cleave area, and the McClellan Road and Comstock Avenue area in Latimer.

Harrison County 6 NNE Gulfport 25 2010CST 2 ENE Orange Grove 2130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

The intersection of Three Rivers Road and Dedeaux Road was impassible due to flash flooding.

A stationary front was situated over southeast Louisiana during the 24th and 25th. Several waves of low pressure moved along the front, producing several rounds of heavy rainfall over the coastal counties of south Mississippi.

99 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Southeast Perry County 2 SSW Tallahala 10 1734CST 1 S Runnelstown 1736CST 1.8 100 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

This was a continuation of the EF-4 Hattiesburg tornado as it was weakening and crossing into Perry County Mississippi. The tornado was at EF-1 strength at 100 yards wide as it crossed the county line then weakened quickly to less than 80 yards wide at EF-0 strength as it crossed Corinth Church Road just south of Highway 42. The tornado dissipated just east of Corinth Church Road in a wooded area.

Wayne County 4 SSE Clara 10 1846CST 1906CST 3.15 250 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down in the southwest portions of Wayne County just south of Strickland Road and just west of Salem Road along Byrd Creek in the Desoto National Forest. The tornado quickly intensified to EF-1 strength as it crossed Shows Road where it damaged the roofs of 2 homes and snapped or uprooted numerous large trees. The tornado overturned camping trailers at a hunting camp off of Fire Road 726 and continued east northeast crossing Pine Grove Road. The tornado weakened to EF-0 strength as it crossed a large section of the Desoto National Forest and Highway 63 approximately 4 miles southwest of Clara where it produced minor damage to the roofs of a few homes...destroyed a few small outbuildings...and topped out trees in an 80 yard wide path. The tornado then quickly re-intensified as it moved across Hudson Town Road and Roy Shoemaker Drive where it widened to 200 yards...snapping numerous large tree pine trees...damaging the roof of one brick home and causing damage to a barn. The tornado crossed Buckatunna Clara Road where it snapped numerous pine trees and caused major damage to 3 homes when pine trees fell on them. The tornado weakened and dissipated near Hutcherson Hutto Road. The storm that produced this tornado also had severe downburst winds on the rear flank downdraft. The rear flank downdraft with this storm uprooted or snapped a wide swath of trees south of the main tornado track.

Wayne County 2 SSW Denham 10 1914CST 1920CST 3.11 200 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down near Mallie Bonner Road southwest of the Denham area where it snapped a few pine trees. The tornado strengthened quickly and widened to nearly 200 yards wide as it crossed Denham Progress Road just north of Joe Taylor Road...destroying a single wide mobile home...damaging the roofs of several wood frame homes...and snapping or uprooting numerous large trees. The tornado quickly weakened and dissipated as it crossed Joe Taylor Road. This tornado was produced by the same supercell thunderstorm that produced the Clara tornado a few minutes earlier.

Thunderstorms developed ahead of an approaching cold front. Some of the thunderstorms became severe with damaging winds and tornadoes. The storms also produced very heavy rain which caused flash flooding.

MISSOURI, East

MOZ041-047>048- Audrain - Boone - Callaway - Cole - Moniteau - Montgomery 050>051 21 0800CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A major winter storm brought some freezing rain, sleet and up to a foot of snow across Central Missouri. After a brief bought of freezing rain and sleet, the precipitation quickly turned to snow across the region. Thunderstorms brought heavy snow at times. 10 to 12 inches was common from Moniteau County north across Boone County and into Audrain County. Power outages were reported across parts of Central Missouri. Electric Cooperatives reported at least 6300 customers lost power across parts of Boone, Cole, Callaway, Audrain, Osage, Gasconade and Montgomery counties.

100 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, East MOZ018-026>027- Crawford - Franklin - Gasconade - Iron - Jefferson - Knox - Lewis - Lincoln - Madison - Marion - Monroe 034>036-049-052- - Osage - Pike - Ralls - Reynolds - Shelby - St. Charles - St. Francois - St. Louis - St. Louis (Central) - Ste. 059>065-072>075- Genevieve - Warren - Washington 084>085-099 21 0800CST 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A combination of freezing rain, sleet, and snow hit Southeast Missouri causing very hazardous conditions. Up to 4 - 5 inches of snow, mixed with sleet, fell across the northern part of the area. The southern part received 1 - 3 inches along with an inch of sleet and some freezing rain.

MOZ018-026-034- Audrain - Boone - Cole - Knox - Lewis - Moniteau - Monroe - Shelby 041>042-047>048 25 2000CST 26 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Thunder snow hits parts of Central and Northeast Missouri stating late night on 2/25 and continuing during the early morning of 2/26. Snowfall amounts ranged from 6 - 7 inches in Central MO to 8 - 9 inches in Northeast MO.

MISSOURI, Northeast

MOZ009-010 Clark - Scotland 21 1200CST 22 0430CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Strong low pressure tracked from the southern Plains into eastern Iowa and then into Upper Michigan February 21-22, 2013. This system spread a swath of moderate to briefly heavy snow and strong winds over much of the area. Snowfall amounts of 3 to 6 inches were common, with isolated higher amounts. The heaviest snow fell across portions of eastern Iowa and extreme northeast Missouri. Fairfield, Iowa in Jefferson county had 7 inches of snow with Vinton in Benton county picking up 6.5 inches. A trained spotter in Memphis, Missouri in Scotland county measured 6 inches of snow. Wind gusts in the 30 to 35 mph range created considerable blowing and drifting as temperatures were in the 20s.

26 0430CST 27 1730CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MOZ010 Clark 26 0530CST 27 1830CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large and slow moving intense low pressure system tracked out of the southern Plains and into southern Illinois and then to Lake Erie on February 26-27, 2013. In the meantime, an upper level low pushed across western Illinois and into the western Great Lakes region. This cyclone spread moderate to heavy snow across much of the area with snowfall amounts of 5 to 10 inches common, with isolated higher amounts. Wind gusts were in the 30 to 35 mph range producing some blowing and drifting as temperatures hovered near the freezing mark. At the height of the storm, snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour were reported. The highest amount of snow was 11.8 inches northeast of Downing, Missouri in Scotland county. An observer near Stanley, Iowa in Buchanan county measured 10 inches with almost 9 inches near Farmington in Van Buren county. At Freeport, Illinois in Stephenson county nearly 8 inches was reported. Due to the heavy wet nature of the snow, combined with strong winds and temperatures near freezing, some power outages were noted.

MISSOURI, Northwest

MOZ001>005-011> Andrew - Atchison - Bates - Buchanan - Cass - Clay - Clinton - Cooper - De Kalb - Gentry - Harrison - 013-020>021-028> Holt - Jackson - Johnson - Lafayette - Nodaway - Platte - Ray - Worth 030-037>038-043> 01 0000CST 044-046-053 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Short-term drought conditions continue to improve over northern Missouri, through the month of February 2013. Recent rains and snowstorms have led to this improvement in the short-term, with retention ponds, streams, and rivers, beginning to return to normal or near normal levels. Long-term impacts continue to be the prevailing source for our drought conditions, but with the magnitude of the recent snow melt and rains, even the long-term impacts have diminished. As a result, a one category improvement to moderate drought (D1) was made, across mostly north central and central Missouri. The rest of the area also improved , but remained in severe drought (D2) conditions.

101 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Northwest MOZ001>008-011> Adair - Andrew - Atchison - Bates - Buchanan - Caldwell - Carroll - Cass - Chariton - Clay - Clinton - 017-020>025-028> Cooper - Daviess - De Kalb - Gentry - Grundy - Harrison - Henry - Holt - Howard - Jackson - Johnson - 033-037>040-043> Lafayette - Linn - Livingston - Macon - Mercer - Nodaway - Pettis - Platte - Putnam - Randolph - Ray - 046-053>054 Saline - Schuyler - Sullivan - Worth 21 0500CST 22 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A major winter storm impacted much of Kansas and Missouri on February 21, with very heavy snow and some sleet and freezing rain. Some areas received up to a foot of snow, placing this snow storm among the largest snow events in recent memory. Many locations reported thunder with heavy snow and sleet, with snowfall rates as high as 3 inches per hour! The very heavy snowfall rates created havoc on area roadways and many travelers became stuck and stranded. Many roads became clogged with stalled vehicles, essentially closing them down. Many motorists abandoned their cars altogether leaving roadways littered with snow-covered vehicles.

MOZ014>017-021- Adair - Bates - Carroll - Cass - Chariton - Clay - Clinton - Cooper - Daviess - Grundy - Henry - Howard - 023>025-028>033- Jackson - Johnson - Lafayette - Linn - Livingston - Macon - Pettis - Platte - Randolph - Ray - Saline - 037>040-043>046- Sullivan 053>054 25 1100CST 27 1330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MOZ013-022 Caldwell - De Kalb 26 0000CST 27 1330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A major winter storm swept through the Plains, February 25th through the 27th, resulting in the second round of heavy snows, that the region had experienced in under a week. Temperatures near freezing, led to a heavy wet snow, that was slow to accumulate at the onset of the event. However, as snowfall rates increased overnight, snow rapidly began to accumulate, sticking to trees and powerlines and resulting in numerous power outages across the area. Unlike the event from 5 days prior, the heaviest snow fell overnight, and not during the morning commute. This allowed road crews open access to the highways during the peak of the event, even though they still struggled to keep up with snowfall rates, as much as 2 inches per hour. By the time the morning commute rolled around, most roads were snow-covered, but the combination of snow decreasing in intensity, and many more people that chose to sit this one out, the morning commute was not nearly as disastrous as with the February 21 event. Snowfall totals from around the area, ranged from 15 inches near Sedalia, to only a couple of inches along the Missouri Iowa border.

MISSOURI, Southeast

MOZ076-086-100- Bollinger - Butler - Cape Girardeau - Carter - Perry - Ripley - Scott - Stoddard - Wayne 107>111 21 0700CST 1900CST 0 0 750.0K 0.00K Ice Storm

MOZ112-114 Mississippi - New Madrid 21 1000CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system moved slowly northeast from the southern Plains into western Missouri. A warm front extending east from the low pressure center lifted north across the Tennessee Valley. A large area of wintry precipitation developed ahead of the warm front. Damaging ice accumulations from one-quarter to one-half inch brought down tree limbs over most of southeast Missouri. The extreme southeast counties of New Madrid and Mississippi received only a trace to a tenth of an inch of ice, which accumulated mostly on elevated surfaces and lesser travelled roads. Short bursts of heavy sleet and freezing rain occurred in thunderstorms. The heaviest ice accumulations and most widespread power outages occurred along and west of a line from Dexter (in Stoddard County) to Marble Hill (in Bollinger County). Roads were slick and very hazardous to the north and west of Sikeston in Scott County. Around Neelyville in Butler County, electrical transformers were exploding, and 15 to 20 foot tall trees were bending toward the ground. On the north side of Cape Girardeau, tree branches several inches in diameter were brought down. Accidents were reported on Interstate 55 in Cape Girardeau County.

102 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Southwest MOZ066-077-088- Barton - Jasper - McDonald - Newton - Vernon 093-101 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

February was near or slightly above normal on precipitation resulting in the improvement of drought conditions but long term drought conditions continued for portions of the Missouri Ozarks.

Polk County 4 ENE Half Way 18 1440CST 1441CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Emergency manager reported that two small wooden barns were destroyed and one tree was blown down. The time of event was estimated from radar. An isolated strong to severe thunderstorm produced a report of minor wind damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

MOZ055>058-066> Barry - Barton - Benton - Camden - Cedar - Christian - Dade - Dallas - Dent - Douglas - Greene - Hickory 071-077>083-088> - Howell - Jasper - Laclede - Lawrence - Maries - McDonald - Miller - Morgan - Newton - Oregon - Ozark 098-101>106 - Phelps - Polk - Pulaski - Shannon - St. Clair - Stone - Taney - Texas - Vernon - Webster - Wright

21 0500CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm brought a mix of freezing rain, sleet and snow to extreme southeastern Kansas and the Missouri Ozarks during the day of February 21. Precipitation which started as light snow transitioned over to freezing rain and sleet. The winter precipitation was accompanied by thunderstorms which produced heavier rounds of sleet and freezing rain. One to two inches of a sleet was common along with a glaze of ice ranging from a trace to one quarter of an inch. Locally higher accumulations of freezing rain up to one half of an inch occurred in far south central Missouri resulting in downed tree limbs and power outages. Further north across portions of west central and central Missouri snow accumulations ranged from one to three inches.

Greene County 2 S Mentor 25 1500CST 0 0 300.00K 0.00K Lightning

A fire caused by a lightning strike destroyed an office building of the Journagan Construction quarry operations near Farm Road 194 and Farm Road 195. Time was estimated. A thunderstorm produced a lightning strike which hit a building on the southeast side of Springfield.

MOZ055>057-066> Benton - Camden - Cedar - Hickory - Miller - Morgan - St. Clair - Vernon 069-078 25 1800CST 26 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm brought moderate to heavy snowfall to portions of southeastern Kansas and central Missouri. Total snowfall generally ranged from four to eight inches with locally higher totals of nine to eleven inches in central Missouri.

Douglas County 1 NE Ann 25 2340CST 26 0140CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing on Highway EE was flooded.

Slow moving thunderstorms produced localized heavy rainfall and flooding across portions of the Missouri Ozarks.

MOZ080-089 Dade - Dallas 26 0000CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm brought moderate to heavy snowfall to portions of southeastern Kansas and central Missouri. Total snowfall generally ranged from four to eight inches with locally higher totals of nine to eleven inches in central Missouri.

103 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Southwest Douglas County 2 NNE Arno 26 0114CST 0314CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Local law enforcement conducted a water rescue at a low water crossing along Highway Y.

Douglas County 2 E Ava 26 0140CST 0340CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing along Highway FF was flooded.

Shannon County 6 S Owls Bend 26 0340CST 0540CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing along Highway NN was flooded.

Dent County 1 E Sligo 26 0400CST 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing along Highway TT was flooded.

Ozark County 1 N Mammoth 26 0700CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing along Highway T was flooded.

Ozark County 1 ESE Rockbridge 26 0705CST 0905CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing along Highway 95 was flooded.

Texas County 4 WNW Prescott 26 0710CST 0910CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing along Highway BB was flooded.

Wright County 4 NE Mansfield 26 0710CST 0910CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing along Highway AB was flooded.

Wright County 2 W Rayborn 26 0800CST 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing along Highway E was flooded.

Shannon County 2 ENE Rat 26 0915CST 1115CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

MODOT reported that the low water crossing along Highway P was flooded.

104 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Southwest Ozark County 3 SSE Hammond 26 1000CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Local law enforcement conducted a water rescue at Haskins Ford Road off of County Road 863.

Slow moving thunderstorms produced localized heavy rainfall and flooding across portions of the Missouri Ozarks.

MONTANA, Central

MTZ009 North Rocky Mountain Front 02 2000MST 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MTZ048 Southern Rocky Mountain Front 03 0300MST 0400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

04 0600MST 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MTZ009 North Rocky Mountain Front 04 0630MST 0730MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MTZ048 Southern Rocky Mountain Front 06 0000MST 0100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds developed over the rocky Mountain Front.

MTZ012-014-052- Cascade - Gallatin - Jefferson - Madison - Meagher - Southern Lewis and Clark 054>055 09 1630MST 10 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snowfall over Central Montana was mostly advisory level but also had a few locations with warning criteria. Impacts from the event included numerous vehicles sliding off roads throughout the area.

MTZ009-012-044- Cascade - Eastern Glacier - North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front - Toole 048 12 1900MST 0030MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MTZ044-047-048 Blaine - Southern Rocky Mountain Front - Toole 13 0100MST 0400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds developed over the Rocky Mountain Front and some portions of Central Montana.

MTZ051 Fergus 13 1800MST 14 0600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Light snow over portions of Central Montana resulted in isolated reports of heavy snow.

105 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MONTANA, Central MTZ009-048 North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front 16 0100MST 0430MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds developed over the Rocky Mountain Front and some portions of Central Montana.

MTZ015 Madison 16 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 17 Snow across much of Central Montana resulted in multiple reports of warning criteria snowfall.

MTZ048 Southern Rocky Mountain Front 17 0100MST 0200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds developed over the Rocky Mountain Front and some portions of Central Montana.

MTZ009-012-048- Cascade - Gallatin - Judith Basin - North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front 050-055 17 0200MST 18 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snow across much of Central Montana resulted in multiple reports of warning criteria snowfall.

MTZ048 Southern Rocky Mountain Front 22 1200MST 1300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds developed over the Rocky Mountain Front and a small portion of Southwest Montana.

MTZ015 Madison 22 1300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 23 A few isolated reports of heavy snow across Southwest Montana were received.

MTZ009 North Rocky Mountain Front 22 1330MST 1430MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds developed over the Rocky Mountain Front and a small portion of Southwest Montana.

MTZ055 Gallatin 22 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 23 A few isolated reports of heavy snow across Southwest Montana were received.

MTZ009-048 North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front 22 1900MST 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MTZ048 Southern Rocky Mountain Front 23 0930MST 1030MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MTZ009 North Rocky Mountain Front 24 2100MST 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

106 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MONTANA, Central MTZ048 Southern Rocky Mountain Front 25 0030MST 0130MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds developed over the Rocky Mountain Front and a small portion of Southwest Montana.

MONTANA, East

MTZ060 Little Rocky Mountains 13 0106MST 0312MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A potent low pressure system funneled strong winds through central portions of Montana.

MONTANA, South

MTZ039-056-066 Beartooth Foothills - Eastern Carbon - Red Lodge Foothills 09 2200MST 10 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An upper low moving through Colorado combined with a trough that moved southeast out of Canada brought heavy snow to the Beartooth/Absaroka Foothills.

MTZ056 Red Lodge Foothills 13 1400MST 14 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An unstable northwest flow aloft brought heavy snow to the Red Lodge area.

MTZ039 Eastern Carbon 23 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather A Cody, Wyoming man lost his life in a fatal wreck on U. S. Highway 310 in Carbon County. Montana Highway Patrol reported the 51-year-old man was driving a pickup northbound in snowy conditions. His truck fish-tailed into the other lane, hitting a semi trailer coming southbound.

NEBRASKA, Central

NEZ004>010-022> Arthur - Blaine - Boyd - Brown - Chase - Custer - Deuel - Eastern Cherry - Frontier - Garden - Garfield - 029-035>038-056> Grant - Hayes - Holt - Hooker - Keith - Keya Paha - Lincoln - Logan - Loup - McPherson - Perkins - Rock 059-069>071-094 - Sheridan - Thomas - Western Cherry - Wheeler 01 0000MST 28 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

The drought that began in June 2012 and expanded to become an Exceptional (D4) Drought in October 2012 continues into February 2013. While the weather in February became more active, with two major snowfall events, only minor relief or recharge to the depleted soil moisture occurred. Long-term impacts to hydrological and ecological interests are expected to linger. In February, areas of significant snowfall did occur with monthly precipitations departures ranging from around a half inch above normal at North Platte and Valentine to near normal at Broken Bow and Imperial. This helped to keep fire dangers and long term impacts from worsening.

09 2000MST 10 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

NEZ005-008>009- Arthur - Blaine - Brown - Deuel - Eastern Cherry - Garden - Grant - Hooker - Keith - Keya Paha - Loup - 022>027-035>036- McPherson - Rock - Thomas - Western Cherry 056>057-094 09 2000CST 10 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

NEZ007-010-037- Boyd - Custer - Holt - Logan 038 10 0300CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

107 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, Central

A winter storm tracked from the southern Rockies into the the Central Plains. Strong northerly winds of 30 to 40 mph and gusty winds created blizzard conditions across much of western and north central Nebraska on February 9-10 2013.

NEZ009-026>029- Arthur - Blaine - Custer - Frontier - Garfield - Hayes - Holt - Keith - Lincoln - Logan - Loup - McPherson 035>038-057-059- - Rock - Wheeler 070>071 20 1700CST 22 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A storm system moved out of the southern Rockies bringing a prolonged period of snow to western and north central Nebraska beginning during the early evening on February 20th through the overnight hours on February 21st. Snowfall totals ranged from around eight inches across portions of west central Nebraska into eastern portions of north central Nebraska to near 12 inches in Hayes and Frontier county in southwest Nebraska.

NEBRASKA, East

NEZ011-015>018- Antelope - Boone - Burt - Butler - Cass - Cedar - Colfax - Cuming - Dodge - Douglas - Gage - Jefferson - 030>034-042>045- Johnson - Knox - Lancaster - Madison - Nemaha - Otoe - Pawnee - Pierce - Platte - Richardson - Saline - 050>053-065>068- Sarpy - Saunders - Seward - Stanton - Thurston - Washington - Wayne 078-088>093 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions improved little across eastern Nebraska during February, although precipitation amounts of 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch were near normal for the month. Thus, Exceptional Drought conditions continued in northeast Nebraska near and northwest of a line from Columbus to Pender with the Drought intensity remaining in the Extreme category southeast of there from around Lincoln and Beatrice northeast through Omaha and Tekamah. Conditions were slightly better southeast of Lincoln and Omaha, but they were still in the Severe category. The drought persisted into March.

NEZ012-015-018- Antelope - Boone - Burt - Butler - Cass - Cedar - Colfax - Cuming - Dodge - Douglas - Jefferson - Johnson 030>034-042>045- - Lancaster - Madison - Nemaha - Otoe - Pawnee - Platte - Saline - Sarpy - Saunders - Seward - Stanton - 050>053-065>068- Thurston - Washington - Wayne 078-088-090>092 21 0830CST 22 0400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A large upper level low pressure system moved from the Rocky Mountains into the central plains spreading snow across a large portion of the nation's mid section. Light snow developed the morning of the 21st across eastern Nebraska and slowly spread east northeast throughout the day and into the early morning hours of the 22nd. A blanket of snow around 3 to 8 inches covered all of eastern Nebraska, with the heaviest amounts around Douglas, Saunders, Washington and Sarpy counties.

NEBRASKA, Extreme Northeast

NEZ013-014 Dakota - Dixon 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Drought conditions continued in extreme northeast Nebraska in February, despite precipitation which was a little above normal. The excess of a few tenths of an inch in the driest month of the year did little to relieve the long term dry soil conditions. There was little noted in the way of new effects of the drought, with the dry conditions giving a poor outlook for the Spring and Summer, including the poor germination of the winter wheat crop during the dry fall. Water restrictions continued to be few during the winter because of the low water usage, but the area was deemed vulnerable to even marginally dry weather if it developed in the spring and summer. Drought was generally listed as continued extreme to exceptional for the area.

21 1800CST 22 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NEZ014 Dakota 21 1800CST 22 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snow accumulated 7 to 11 inches during the night of February 21st and morning of February 22nd. The snowfall was accompanied by light to moderate winds. Classes at several schools were delayed or cancelled for February 22nd.

108 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, Extreme Southwest NEZ079>081 Dundy - Hitchcock - Red Willow 01 0000MST 28 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions continued from January with southwest Nebraska rated as being in Exceptional (D4) Drought. February precipitation ranged from 75-125% of normal across Dundy, Hitchcock and Red Willow counties.

20 1100MST 21 1800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NEZ080-081 Hitchcock - Red Willow 20 1200CST 21 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong winter storm system moved over Southwest Nebraska on the 20th from the southeast. With little to no wind, the snow was able to fall straight down. The only reductions in visibility occurred under the heavier bands of snow, which had snowfall rates of an inch or more an hour. Snowfall reports ranged from 12.5 inches at McCook, to 10 inches at Trenton, and 8 inches at Stratton.

NEBRASKA, South Central

NEZ039>041-046> Adams - Buffalo - Clay - Dawson - Fillmore - Franklin - Furnas - Gosper - Greeley - Hall - Hamilton - 049-060>064-072> Harlan - Howard - Kearney - Merrick - Nance - Nuckolls - Phelps - Polk - Sherman - Thayer - Valley - 077-082>087 Webster - York 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, February marked the eighth consecutive month of severe (or worse) drought across South Central Nebraska. This continued one of the worst droughts since the 1950s, despite above normal February precipitation across most of the 24-county area. Based on Drought Monitor weekly issuances, there was hardly any change in drought classification during the month. Category D4 exceptional drought (the worst possible category) remained firmly in place across all or part of 14 counties, primarily those north of Interstate 80 and also west of Highway 183. Meanwhile, category D3 extreme drought persisted across most of the other 10 counties, with only a small sliver of category D2 severe drought depicted at month's end across far southern portions of Webster, Nuckolls and Thayer counties. Based on reports from around 50 NWS cooperative observers, and also incorporating radar-derived estimation, roughly 90 percent of the area observed above normal February precipitation (based on normals generally between 0.50-0.75). Of greater significance, roughly 20 percent of the area measured at least twice-normal February precipitation. The limited areas that observed slightly below normal precipitation during the month were mainly concentrated in far eastern counties near Highway 81. For most places, the majority of precipitation fell during a major winter storm that began during the daytime hours on the 20th and peaked in intensity that night and into the day of the 21st. This storm dumped at least 6-10 of snow across most of the area, and higher amounts of 10-14 roughly southwest of a line from Gothenburg-Nelson. Per NWS cooperative observers, a few of the highest February precipitation totals included 1.59 at Ord, 1.46 at Cambridge and 1.45 at Holdrege and also eight miles south of Elwood. Leading the drier side of things were sites such as three miles west of Gresham (0.30), three miles northeast of Shelby (0.31) and Geneva (0.44). Although severe to exceptional drought conditions remained firmly entrenched across the 30-county area, prevailing above normal precipitation during the meteorological winter season of December-February at least put a small dent in the dryness heading into the spring. However, keeping optimism in check, precipitation during the meteorological winter season of December-February normally accounts for less than 10 percent of total annual precipitation. The February USDA Nebraska Weather and Crops report indicated little change since January, with 50% of the state-averaged wheat crop still in poor to very poor condition, and only 12% in good condition. Hay and forage supplies across the state rated 49% short to very short, well- below values from one year ago.

NEZ039>041-046> Adams - Buffalo - Clay - Dawson - Fillmore - Franklin - Furnas - Gosper - Greeley - Hall - Hamilton - 049-060>064-072> Harlan - Howard - Kearney - Merrick - Nance - Nuckolls - Phelps - Polk - Sherman - Thayer - Valley - 077-082>087 Webster - York 20 0915CST 21 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

109 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, South Central

During a roughly 30-hour period starting on Wednesday the 20th, but peaking in intensity on Thursday the 21st, the majority of the 24-county area experienced its heaviest snowfall of the 2012-2013 winter season. For some locations near the Kansas border this was actually one of the largest storm-total snowfalls on record. This included Red Cloud, where 13.5 inches ranked as the sixth-highest two-day total since 1894. According to NWS cooperative observers, essentially the entire area totaled at least 6-10, with the highest amounts of 10-14 concentrated in southwestern counties generally south of a line from Cozad- Holdrege-Nelson. In addition to 13.5 at Red Cloud, a few of the biggest totals included 14 at Harlan County Lake and Beaver City, 13.5 eight miles south of Elwood, 12.5 at Naponee and Nelson, and 12 near Blue Hill and Upland. The overall lowest amounts affected eastern areas near the Highway 81 corridor, including 6.5 at Osceola, 6 near York and 7 at Geneva and Bruning. In between these lowest and highest extremes were places such as Grand Island and Holdrege (10), and Hastings (9.5). Although the heavy snow itself created considerable impact across the region with very poor visibilities and at least minor drifting, the magnitude of blowing snow was held in check by sustained easterly to northerly winds that generally topped out around 20 MPH and mainly gusted under 25 MPH, keeping this storm from reaching blizzard status. Liquid-equivalent moisture between one-half inch and one inch was common, and also welcome across the drought-stricken area, with locally higher totals including 1.25 at Red Cloud. Although accumulating snow fell off-and-on for roughly 30 hours across all of South Central Nebraska, the timing of the most intense snowfall varied. For most places, the first light accumulations got underway between the mid-morning and late afternoon hours on the 20th. Then from the evening of the 20th into the pre-dawn hours of the 21st, a heavier snow band affected primarily southwestern counties. By sunrise on the 21st, southern and western locations such as Cozad, Cambridge and Red Cloud had already totaled 5-8, while the majority of South Central Nebraska reported no more than 1-3. That changed in a big way during the daytime hours on the 21st, as the most intense snow bands of the event blossomed across the area, accompanied by steady northeast winds and temperatures generally hovering between 18-22 degrees. These snow bands gradually weakened and dissipated from south-to-north during the evening, with most of South Central Nebraska void of falling snow by 9 PM as a closed mid level low pressure system lifted farther north. On the synoptic scale aloft, this prolonged winter storm was forced by the approach and eventual passage of an expansive, amplified mid-upper level trough. The primary mid- level 700-500 millibar closed low tracked from southern California on the morning of the 20th, to the Texas Panhandle on the morning of the 21st, before deepening and lifting slowly north-northeast across central Kansas into southeast Nebraska during the daytime and evening hours. Periods of isentropic lift associated with smaller-scale shortwave troughs lifting out ahead of the main system were responsible for snowfall from the 20th into the morning of the 21st, with the most intense snow bands during the day on the 21st driven by pronounced deformation on the northwest periphery of the mid level low track. From a forecast perspective, although northern and eastern portions of South Central Nebraska did not receive quite as much snow as originally expected, this winter storm was overall one of the best-anticipated in recent memory thanks to unusually high consistency in computer model solutions. Although the finer details of timing and full snowfall potential did not come into focus until a few days out, signs of a potentially significant winter storm were recognized over one week in advance.

NEBRASKA, West

NEZ003-055 Box Butte - Cheyenne 09 1700MST 10 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An intense low pressure system tracked across Colorado into Nebraska. Occasional moderate to heavy snow developed over the western Nebraska Panhandle, with gusty northerly winds of 35 to 45 mph. The combination of falling snow and gusty winds created considerable blowing and drifting snow with near zero visibilities. Snow drifts varied from one to four feet in some areas.

NEZ021-054-055 Cheyenne - Kimball - Morrill 20 1500MST 21 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A potent Pacific storm system over the southern Rockies moved into the central Great Plains and produced light to moderate snow over the southwest Nebraska Panhandle. Total storm snowfall ranged from three to six inches. Blowing and drifting snow from gusty northerly winds caused hazardous driving conditions.

NEVADA, North

NVZ036 North Lander & North Eureka 07 2300PST 09 0200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NVZ034-037>039 Ruby Mountains/east Humboldt Range - South Lander & South Eureka - South-Central Elko - Southwestern Elko - White Pine 08 0200PST 10 0300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

110 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEVADA, North

A strong storm system brought heavy snow to portions of northern and central Nevada. The hardest hit area was southern Lander and southern Eureka counties where generally 1 to 2 feet of snow fell.

NVZ037-038 South Lander & South Eureka - Southwestern Elko 19 1600PST 20 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Heavy snow fell across southwestern Elko county and southern Lander and southern Eureka counties. Reports indicated up to to 8 inches of snow fell in the valleys and 10 to 16 inches in the mountains.

NVZ030 Humboldt 23 0100PST 0600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A potent cold front brought strong winds to Humboldt county. Wind gusts up to 72 mph were observed.

NEVADA, South

NVZ021 Lake Mead/Lake Mohave National Recreation Area 19 1311PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Isolated high winds occurred ahead of a strong cold front pushing through the Mojave Desert.

NVZ014 Esmeraldo/Central Nye 19 1800PST 20 0600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Locally heavy snow fell as a strong upper level low pressure system moved through the Mojave Desert and southern Great Basin.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, North and Central Sullivan County 1 WNW Claremont 01 0100EST 0111EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and snow melt combined to cause an ice jam and minor flooding on the Sugar River at West Claremont (flood stage 7.0 ft), which crested at 10.03 ft. Water flooded Twistback Road and Beauregard Street.

Two days with high temperatures in the 50s and 1 to 2 inches of rain caused an ice jam on the Sugar River at West Claremont. Minor flooding occurred on Twistback Road and Beauregard Street.

NHZ001>009 Belknap - Merrimack - Northern Carroll - Northern Coos - Northern Grafton - Southern Carroll - Southern Coos - Southern Grafton - Sullivan 08 0700EST 09 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NHZ010-013-014 Coastal Rockingham - Interior Rockingham - Strafford 08 2143EST 09 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An area of low pressure developed rapidly off the Carolina coast late on the 7th and early on the 8th. The storm moved very slowly northeast during the 8th and 9th as it continued to intensify. By the morning of the 10th, the storm was located just to the east of Nova Scotia. The storm brought heavy snow, high winds, and blizzard conditions to the southeastern part of the state. Snowfall amounts were generally 18 inches or more in the southeast where blizzard conditions caused considerable blowing and drifting snow. In western and northern sections, snowfall amounts were in the 4 to 18 inch range. Southeastern New Hampshire had blizzard conditions for about 3 to 10 hours.

111 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW HAMPSHIRE, North and Central NHZ004-006-008> Belknap - Interior Rockingham - Merrimack - Northern Carroll - Southern Carroll - Strafford 010-013 23 1400EST 25 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure moving east from the Great Lakes and another low moving northeast along the East Coast brought heavy snow to most of central and eastern New Hampshire. Snowfall amounts ranged up to 6 to 14 inches across most of the area. In southeastern New Hampshire, the rain mixed with snow and accumulations were less. Western sections of the State generally saw 2 to 6 inches of snow.

NHZ002-004-006- Northern Carroll - Southern Carroll - Southern Coos - Sullivan 007 27 0400EST 28 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure moving northeast along the East Coast brought heavy snow to sections of Western Maine. The heaviest snow fell in Sullivan, Carroll, and southern Coos Counties where 6 to 10 inches of snow fell.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, Southern

NHZ011-015 Cheshire - Hillsborough - Western and Central Hillsborough 08 0600EST 09 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NHZ012 Hillsborough 08 2100EST 09 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An historic winter storm deposited tremendous amounts of snow over all of southern New England, mainly from the mid- afternoon on Friday, February 8 and lasting into the daylight hours of Saturday, February 9. What made this an amazing storm was the widespread coverage of heavy snowfall. Most locations received 2 to 2.5 feet of snow! A stationary band of even heavier snowfall persisted from southwest NH through central MA and on to the southwest across central and western CT. In those areas, reports averaged closer to 2.5 to 3 feet! Isolated thunderstorms were common across the entire region during the height of the storm. A low pressure system advancing from the Great Lakes region combined forces with a very moist low pressure system moving northeast from the Gulf Coast states. Explosive deepening took place Friday evening, February 8, as a low center moved from the North Carolina coast to south of Nantucket. Strong high pressure to the north of New England helped ensure that cold air remained in place over the area. Snowfall gained intensity during the afternoon, but during the night, 2 to 3 inch per hour amounts were common throughout the region. The band of heaviest snowfall, with 3 to 5 inches per hour for several hours, extended from southwest NH to central and western CT. Snow ended in the morning in western and central MA, southwest NH, most of CT and RI, and in the early afternoon across eastern MA.

NHZ015 Western and Central Hillsborough 23 1900EST 25 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NHZ011-012 Cheshire - Hillsborough 23 1900EST 24 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A coastal low moved southeast of southern New England. As this occurred, an inverted trough set up, bringing snow to much of the area. Snow amounts were low (under 3 inches) for much of the area. However, the higher elevations ended up with 6+ inches of snow.

27 0400EST 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure tracking along the southern coast of New England brought snow to much of the interior of Massachusetts and southwestern New Hampshire. Closer to the low (closer to the coasts) snow changed over to rain.

112 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, Northeast

NJZ002-004-006- Eastern Bergen - Eastern Essex - Eastern Passaic - Eastern Union - Hudson - Western Bergen - Western 103>108 Essex - Western Passaic - Western Union 08 0710EST 09 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure that formed along the northern Gulf coast by the morning of Thursday, February 7, 2013 moved northeast to near Cape Hatteras by the morning of Friday, February 8, 2013 . The low then rapidly intensified while moving northeast to a position east of Cape Cod by the morning of Saturday, February 9, 2013, producing heavy snowfall and gusty winds across northeast New Jersey on February 8th and 9th.

NJZ103 Western Bergen 27 0600EST 1000EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Deep low pressure approached the area, then slowly moved to the east. Strong gusty winds occurred as this low approached.

NJZ006 Hudson 27 0830EST 0930EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

A complex low pressure system tracking northeast through the Ohio Valley and Northeast United States produced strong onshore winds across the region Tuesday Night into Wednesday morning on February 27th. These onshore winds piled 2 to 3 feet of surge along the northeast NJ coast during the Wednesday morning high tide cycle causing widespread minor to locally moderate coastal flooding.

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

NJZ023-024 Eastern Cape May - Western Cape May 01 0700EST 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NJZ021-025 Cumberland - Eastern Atlantic - Western Atlantic 01 0700EST 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system that formed along a secondary cold front dropped heavy snow in Cape May County with lesser, but still accumulating snow in Cumberland and Atlantic Counties. Snowfall averaged 4 to 8 inches in Cape May County and as high as 3 to 4 inches in nearby adjacent parts of Atlantic and Cumberland Counties. The snow fell at its heaviest during the end of the morning commute and caused traffic accidents. The snow began falling across the state between 7 a.m. EST and 8 a.m. EST on the 1st. It fell at its heaviest between 7 a.m. EST and 11 a.m. EST and ended between 11 a.m. EST and Noon EST. Representative snowfall included 7.5 inches in Dennisville (Cape May County), 6.5 inches in Ocean View (Cape May County), 6.0 inches in Woodbine (Cape May County), 4.5 inches in Wildwood Crest (Cape May County). 4.1 inches in Cape May (Cape May County), 3.5 inches in Linwood (Atlantic County), 3.1 inches in Estell Manor (Atlantic County), 3.0 inches in Newport (Cumberland County), 2.5 inches in Margate (Atlantic County), 2.3 inches at the Atlantic City International Airport, 2.0 inches in Greenwich Township (Cumberland County), 1.5 inches in Egg Harbor City (Atlantic County) and 1.0 inch in Hammonton (Atlantic County). The snow was caused by a compact and quick moving low pressure system that formed along the northern edge of a secondary cold front. The low pressure system moved from Lake Erie during the early evening of January 31st eastsoutheast and passed across Cumberland and Cape May Counties between 8 a.m. EST and 9 a.m. EST on February 1st and exited just as quickly offshore.

NJZ001-007>009- Cumberland - Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Monmouth - Hunterdon - Morris - Sussex - 013>014-021>025 Warren - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May - Western Monmouth 02 1600EST 03 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

113 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

A pair of quick moving low pressure systems dropped snow across New Jersey from the late afternoon through the evening and into the overnight on the 2nd. While the snowfall was light, the subfreezing temperatures helped it accumulate efficiently and caused untreated roadways to quickly become treacherous. The greatest snowfall (one to two inches) fell in the northwest and southeast parts of the state with generally lesser accumulations elsewhere. The snow began in the northwest part of the state during the late afternoon on the 2nd and started elsewhere during the early evening on the 2nd. The snow ended during the early morning on the 3rd. Representative snowfall included 2.0 inches in Newport (Cumberland County) and Green Creek (Cape May County), 1.3 inches in Washington Township (Morris County), Highland Lakes (Sussex County) and Hope (Warren County), 1.2 inches in Freehold (Monmouth County), 1.1 inches in Somers Point (Atlantic County), Cream Ridge (Monmouth County), Franklin (Sussex County) and Liberty (Warren County), 1.0 inch in Estell Manor (Atlantic County), Florence (Burlington County), Vineland (Cumberland County), Glassboro (Gloucester County), Clinton (Hunterdon County), Marcella (Morris County) and Stewartsville and Hackettstown in Warren County, 0.9 inches in Lakewood (Ocean County), 0.8 inches at the Atlantic City International Airport, Westampton (Burlington County), Ocean Township (Monmouth County) and Bridgewater (Somerset County), 0.6 inches in Woodstown (Salem County), 0.5 inches in Pennsauken (Camden County) and 0.4 inches in Ewing (Mercer County) and North Brunswick (Middlesex County). The snow was caused by double barrel low pressure systems. First an Alberta Clipper low pressure system that rapidly moved east from near Chicago on the morning of the 2nd, to Lake Erie on the evening of the 2nd. This low pressure system then slowed and weakened as a southern stream low pressure system moved through the Tennessee Valley on the evening of the 2nd and moved through Virginia overnight on the 2nd and intensified as it moved well east of the Middle Atlantic Coast on the 3rd.

NJZ013-019 Northwestern Burlington - Western Monmouth 03 2230EST 04 0100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The cold front associated with the weakening Alberta low pressure system triggered snow showers mainly across central New Jersey during the late evening of the 3rd. While snowfall amounts were less than an inch, most of it fell within two hours and because air temperatures were well below freezing, the snow stuck quickly to untreated surfaces. The snow showers also began just as the Super Bowl was ending. Representative snowfall included 0.7 inches in Delran (Burlington County) and Freehold (Monmouth County), 0.6 inches in Westampton (Burlington County), 0.5 inches in Mount Laurel (Burlington County) and Pitman (Gloucester County) and 0.4 inches in Lacey Township (Ocean County) and Lawrence Township (Mercer County).

NJZ001-007>010- Hunterdon - Morris - Northwestern Burlington - Somerset - Sussex - Warren 019 08 0700EST 09 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NJZ027 Southeastern Burlington 08 2000EST 09 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

NJZ012>015-020- Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - Mercer - Middlesex - Western Monmouth - Western Ocean 026 08 2020EST 09 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NJZ022-025 Eastern Atlantic - Western Atlantic 08 2030EST 09 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An area of low pressure developed across the northern plains on Thursday February 7th, tracking eastward. Meanwhile, another area of low pressure developed along the coast of North Carolina, tracking northeast. Both lows approached the area on Friday February 8th with the coastal low intensifying as it moved toward the northeast. The two lows interacted with one another with the coastal low eventually absorbing the inland low late Friday. The system moved off toward New England on Friday night, moving into the Canadian maritimes by Saturday afternoon.

Schools across northern New Jersey closed on Friday February 8th in advance of the expected snow. Roadways became slippery and hazardous across the state. Speed restrictions were posted on many area roadways including the Atlantic City Expressway, Garden State Parkway and New Jersey Turnpike. Bus and rail service were suspended due to hazardous road conditions and icy rails. Bus and Rail service was restored by Saturday afternoon. In addition, scattered power outages were reported, mainly in the northern portion of the state, with service restored by Saturday afternoon.

A 50 year old woman was killed when she lost control of her car and slid into oncoming traffic in Piscataway (Middlesex County) . A 65 year old man in the oncoming car suffered minor injuries in the crash.

114 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

Majority of the winds were a result of the northwesterly flow behind the departing low although a few of the gusts occurred in the northeast flow as the storm deepened. Wind gusts were generally in the range of 40 to 50 mph with a few higher gusts reported. Scattered power outages reported as result of the gusty winds. Peak wind speeds included 56 mph in Cape May Harbor (Cape May County), 53 mph in Wantage (Sussex County), 51 mph at the High Point Monument (Sussex County), 49 mph at the Cape May Ferry Terminal (Cape May County), 46 mph in Tuckerton (Ocean County), 43 mph in Woodbine (Cape May County) and at the Atlantic City Marina, and 41 mph in Sea Girt (Monmouth County) and West Cape May (Cape May County). Precipitation started to spread across the area during the morning hours on Friday February 8th. Areas across northern New Jersey started as all snow and remained snow through the entire event. Some areas started as a mix of snow and rain before changing over to all rain during the daytime hours. A changeover to all snow occurred during the evening. Total snowfall accumulations varied widely across the forecast areas with a fairly tight gradient from northeast to southwest in New Jersey. Amounts across the higher terrain were mainly in the 9 to 12 inch range with up to 14 inches reported in parts of Sussex and Morris Counties. Mainly 4 to 9 inches were reported across the remainder of northern and central New Jersey. South central New Jersey saw 3 to 6 inches with southern New Jersey seeing 3 inches or less. Only trace amounts of snow were reported across the southern most points in New Jersey.

Representative snowfall included 14.1 inches in Vernon Township (Sussex County), 14.0 inches in Chatham (Morris County), 13.0 inches in Green Pond (Morris County), 12.0 inches in Mine Hill Township (Morris County), 11.5 inches in Allenhurst (Monmouth County), 11 inches in Wall Township (Monmouth County), 8.9 inches in Metuchen (Middlesex County), 8.8 inches in South Plainfield (Middlesex County), 8.5 inches in Basking Rdige (Somerset County), 8.2 inches in Bound Brook (Somerset County), 7.8 inches in Allamuchy Township (Warren County), 7.2 inches in Lawrenceville (Mercer County) and Flemington (Hunterdon County), 7.0 inches in Forked River (Ocean County), Princeton and Pennington (Mercer County), and Mansfield Township and Hackettstown (Warren County), 6.8 inches in Wertsville (Hunterdon County) and Point Pleasant (Ocean County), 6.5 inches in Lanoka Harbor (Ocean County), 5.8 inches in Bordentown (Burlington County), 5.5 inches in Southampton (Burlington County), 4.5 inches at the Mount Holly WFO (Burlington County), 2.5 inches in Mays Landing (Atlantic County), 2.3 inches in Washington Township (Gloucester County), 2.0 inches in Vineland (Cumberland County), Berlin (Camden County), Buena Vista and Hammonton (Atlantic County), 1.8 inches in Pennsauken (Camden County), 1.7 inches at the Atlantic City Airport, and 0.5 inches in Woodbine, Beesley's Point and Seaville (Cape May County).

NJZ001-008>010 Hunterdon - Morris - Somerset - Sussex 11 0330EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An approaching warm front generated a wintry mix of mostly sleet and freezing rain across northwest New Jersey during the first half of the day on the 11th. Ice accretions averaged around one tenth of an inch and untreated roadways and walkways were extremely hazardous. Precipitation started briefly as snow in far northwest New Jersey and as sleet in west central New Jersey between 330 a.m. EST and 430 a.m. EST on the 11th. As warmer air moved in aloft, the snow changed to sleet and freezing rain in northwest New Jersey and freezing rain in west central New Jersey. As the morning progressed, the freezing rain changed to plain rain in west central New Jersey around 730 a.m. EST. But in northwest New Jersey, pockets of freezing rain persisted until the precipitation ended later that morning. The wintry mix was caused by an approaching warm front associated with a strong low pressure system that moved through the Great Lakes on the 11th. A weaker low pressure system formed on the warm front in New Jersey and slowed the progression of warmer air near the surface.

NJZ001-007>010- Camden - Cumberland - Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - 012>027 Gloucester - Hunterdon - Mercer - Middlesex - Morris - Northwestern Burlington - Salem - Somerset - Southeastern Burlington - Sussex - Warren - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May - Western Monmouth - Western Ocean 13 1930EST 14 0030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An area of low pressure developed over Alabama and Georgia early in the morning on the 13th and tracked northeastward to the Mid Atlantic coast by the evening, passing just south of the Delmarva Peninsula. This system brought a mixture of rain and snow to New Jersey, with snowfall totals primarily ranging from 1 to 3 inches across the state. Precipitation began falling as rain around 500 p.m. EST across southern parts of the state. The precipitation spread northward through the evening of the 13th, with many locations across the state subsequently transitioning to snow between 700 p.m. EST and 900 p.m. EST. As low pressure tracked northeast and away from the Mid Atlantic coast, the snow gradually ended from west to east across the state between 1200 a.m. EST and 300 a.m. EST on the 14th.

County and municipal road departments commenced salt and sanding operations during the evening to overnight hours, with most primary roads remaining clear during the event and some secondary roads becoming snow covered. No significant weather related traffic accidents were reported, but a limited number of delayed school openings were reported across the region on the morning of the 14th.

115 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

Representative snowfall totals from across the state are as follows: 3.0 inches at Fort Dix (Burlington County) and Vineland (Cumberland County) and also Marcella (Morris County), 2.8 inches in Holland Township (Hunterdon County), 2.5 inches in Marlton and Moorestown (Burlington County) and also Budd Lake and Mine Hill Township (Morris County) and in Stafford Township (Ocean County), 2.3 inches in Kingwood Township (Hunterdon County), 2.1 inches in Manasquan (Monmouth County) and Mount Laurel (Burlington County), 2.0 inches in Atco (Camden County), 1.8 inches in Somerdale (Camden County) and Hammonton (Atlantic County), 1.5 inches in Malaga and Franklin Township (Gloucester County) and in Manahawkin (Ocean County), 1.4 inches in Estell Manor (Atlantic County), 1.2 inches in Hardyston Township (Sussex County), 1.1 inches in Highland Lakes (Sussex County) and Cream Ridge (Monmouth County), 1.0 inches in Seabrook Farms (Cumberland County) and Lindenwold (Camden County) and in Lawrence Township (Mercer County) and South Brunswick (Middlesex County) and Warren Township (Somerset County) and in Hackettstown and White Township (Warren County). Snowfall totals were not as high across portions of far southern New Jersey where more of the precipitation fell as rain, with only 0.5 inches in Belleplain (Cape May County), 0.4 inches in Woodbine (Cape May County), and 0.2 inches in Woodstown (Salem County).

NJZ007>009 Hunterdon - Morris - Warren 15 2200EST 16 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A mainly elevation driven snow affected higher terrain locations in northwestern New Jersey during the late evening and overnight on the 15th. While precipitation changed to snow throughout the area, the relatively warm weather (and high temperatures as precipitation started) during the day made it difficult for much snow to accumulate in the valleys. But, in the higher terrain snowfalls of 1 to 4 inches fell and made for slippery travel on untreated or unplowed roadways. Snowfall rates of at least an inch per hour occurred. Precipitation started as rain in the middle of the evening on the 15th, but changed to snow quickly over the higher terrain and toward midnight EST elsewhere. Representative snowfall included 4.0 inches in Highland Lakes (Sussex County), 3.3 inches in Bethlehem (Hunterdon County), 3.0 inches in Liberty (Warren County), 2.8 inches in Hardyston (Sussex County), and 1.0 inch in Randolph and Mine Hill Townships in Morris County and Sparta Township in Sussex County. The snow was triggered by the passage of a cold front across New Jersey during the late afternoon and evening of the 15th. The upper air support for the front was hanging farther to the west over the Great Lakes and coupled with some very weak waves of low pressure along the boundary generated the precipitation in the colder air after the cold front already passed.

NJZ001-007>010- Camden - Cumberland - Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - 012>027 Gloucester - Hunterdon - Mercer - Middlesex - Morris - Northwestern Burlington - Salem - Somerset - Southeastern Burlington - Sussex - Warren - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May - Western Monmouth - Western Ocean 17 1100EST 18 0000EST 0 0 21.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A rapidly intensifying ocean storm that moved south to north over the western Atlantic produced strong gusty west to northwest winds from the late morning on the 17th into the early morning on the 18th. Peak wind gusts averaged 45 mph inland and 45 to 55 mph along the immediate coast and knocked down weak trees, tree limbs and wires and caused isolated power outages. Peak wind gusts included 57 mph in Cape May (Cape May County), 50 mph in Seaside Park (Ocean County), 49 mph in High Point (Sussex County), 48 mph in Wantage (Sussex County) and Eatontown and Sandy Hook in Monmouth County, 47 mph in Brick Township and Point Pleasant in Ocean County, 46 mph in Tuckerton (Ocean County), 44 mph at the Atlantic City International Airport and Trenton (Mercer County) and 43 mph in Millville (Cumberland County) and Somerville (Somerset County). The northward moving ocean storm intensified from a 1001 millibar low pressure system east of North Carolina on the evening of the 16th, to a 979 millibar low pressure system well east of New Jersey on the morning of the 17th and peaked as a 954 millibar low pressure system over Nova Scotia at 7 p.m. EST on the 17th. From there it slowly weakened as it moved toward Newfoundland overnight. As this low moved farther away from New Jersey, the strong winds ceased.

NJZ001 Sussex 23 1200EST 24 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The combination of a low pressure system that moved off the North Carolina coast and an occluded front that moved through New Jersey overnight produced pockets of freezing rain over the higher terrain of Sussex County during the afternoon and evening on the 23rd. Untreated roadways were hazardous. Ice accretions averaged less than one tenth of an inch. While northwest New Jersey was only near the periphery of the precipitation, a high pressure system passing across the Canadian Maritimes kept sufficient cold air near the surface to have precipitation fall as freezing rain in the higher terrain.

116 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest 26 1800EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system that moved from Texas northeast and eventually across southern New Jersey brought a wintry mix of precipitation to northwest New Jersey and affected the higher terrain of Sussex County the most on the 26th into the 27th. While valley locations changed over to rain relatively quickly, the change to plain rain over the higher terrain did not occur until near the end of the event. Snow accumulations were less than one inch while ice accumulations in far northwest New Jersey reached as high as half an inch. The combination made for hazardous traveling conditions, but resulted in only isolated power outages. Precipitation started as snow in all areas during the early evening of the 26th and changed to sleet over the higher terrain by the middle of the evening and to rain in the valleys. Later that evening, the sleet changed to freezing rain over the higher terrain and the freezing rain changed to rain around sunrise on the 27th. The steady rain ended during the middle of the morning on the 27th. Representative snowfall included 0.5 inches in Wantage (Sussex County) and 0.3 inches in Jefferson Township (Morris County). Representative higher terrain ice accumulations reached as high as 0.5 inches at High Point (Sussex County). The low pressure system that produced the wintry mix over the higher terrain moved from Texas on the morning of the 25th east into Alabama on the morning of the 26th. The low pressure system then moved northeast and reached central North Carolina during the early evening on the 26th, northern Delaware at 7 a.m. EST on the 27th, near New York City at 1 p.m. EST on the 27th and just south of Rhode Island at 7 p.m. EST on the 27th. The counterclockwise circulation around the low pressure combined with a high pressure system over Maine and the Canadian Maritimes to keep cold air in place at the surface over the higher terrain.

NJZ013 Western Monmouth 26 2100EST 27 0900EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

NJZ014 Eastern Monmouth 27 0630EST 0830EST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K High Wind

A deepening low pressure system that moved along the New Jersey coast combined with a high pressure system over Maine and the Canadian Maritimes to produce strong to high winds along with widespread minor tidal flooding in Monmouth and Middlesex Counties and pockets of minor tidal flooding elsewhere along coastal New Jersey from Ocean County south through Cape May County on the morning of the 27th. The strongest winds (from the northeast) occurred from the middle of the evening of the 26th through the middle of the morning on the 27th. Peak wind gusts included 63 mph at Sandy Hook (Monmouth County), 48 mph in Monmouth (Monmouth County) and 46 mph in Sea Girt (Monmouth County). The onshore flow that persisted the longest along north coastal New Jersey and caused the highest tides with this event to occur on the morning of the 27th. High tides included 7.66 feet above mean lower low water at Sandy Hook in Monmouth County and 6.93 feet above mean lower low water in Cape May in Cape May County. Minor tidal flooding at both places starts at 6.7 feet above mean lower low water. Other high tides that morning (there are no established flood categories for these sites) included 8.55 feet above mean lower low water in Keansburg (Monmouth County) and 8.93 feet above mean lower low water at South Amboy (Middlesex County). The low pressure system that caused the tidal flooding moved northeast from central North Carolina on the early evening on the 26th, to northern Delaware at 7 a.m. EST on the 27th, and to near New York City at 1 p.m. EST on the 27th. The counterclockwise circulation around the low pressure combined with a high pressure system over Maine and the Canadian Maritimes to produce the strong onshore flow, especially in northern New Jersey.

NEW MEXICO, Central and North

NMZ501>508-510> Albuquerque Metro Area - Central Highlands - Chaves County Plains - Chuska Mountains - Curry 540 County - De Baca County - East Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains - Eastern Lincoln County - Eastern San Miguel County - Estancia Valley - Far Northeast Highlands - Far Northwest Highlands - Guadalupe County - Harding County - Jemez Mountains - Lower Chama River Valley - Lower Rio Grande Valley - Northeast Highlands - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red River - Northwest Highlands - Northwest Plateau - Quay County - Raton Ridge/johnson Mesa - Roosevelt County - San Juan Mountains - Sandia/manzano Mountains - Santa Fe Metro Area - South Central Highlands - South Central Mountains - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet - Southwest Chaves County - Southwest Mountains - Union County - Upper Rio Grande Valley - Upper Tularosa Valley - West Central Highlands - West Central Mountains - West Central Plateau - West Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains 01 0000MST 28 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

117 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW MEXICO, Central and North

Drought conditions persisted across the NWS Albuquerque County Warning Area (CWA).

Much of the area received below normal precipitation for the month of February. Areas in southern and southwest New Mexico, including the Upper Gila region, only received about 5-15% of normal precipitation for the month. Across much of central, western, and northwest New Mexico, percent of normal precipitation ranged from 25-50%. The eastern plains and the northeast corner of the state did fairly well thanks in large part to a major blizzard that impacted that part of the state during the last week of the month. Severe drought (D2) conditions were present rom the Sangre de Cristo range in the north to the Chuska Mountains in the west and south to the Upper Gila region. During the first two weeks of 2013, severe drought continued in the same areas as in January, but during the second half of February there was a drastic increase in extreme drought (D3) conditions. D3 conditions expanded from mostly the eastern half of the state all the way west to near Gallup and to the southern extent of our CWA with only southwest Chaves County in D2 conditions. Exceptional drought (D4) conditions also expanded during the month. D4 continued in portions of Union and Roosevelt counties and began to develop in San Miguel County, inching into Guadalupe and Mora counties. The San Francisco River Valley in the southwest continued to stay out of D2 drought conditions. Also, portions of the far northwest highlands along the Colorado-New Mexico border began to ease out of D2 drought conditions.

NMZ503-510-512- Far Northwest Highlands - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red River - San Juan 513 Mountains - West Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains 09 0900MST 12 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NMZ523-526-528> Central Highlands - Chaves County Plains - Curry County - De Baca County - Eastern Lincoln County - 540 Eastern San Miguel County - Far Northeast Highlands - Guadalupe County - Harding County - Northeast Highlands - Quay County - Roosevelt County - South Central Mountains - Southwest Chaves County - Union County 09 1035MST 1645MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong upper level trough along with a surface cold front combined to create high winds across much of New Mexico. As the Pacific storm system moved into portions of northwest New Mexico, winds increased across central and eastern areas. Snow fell throughout western portions of the state continuing across northern portions during the day. A large area of strong winds in the mid levels of the atmosphere shifted from western to eastern New Mexico as the day progressed. The strongest winds prevailed along and east of the central mountain chain where gusts between 60-70kts were reported.

NMZ528 Far Northeast Highlands 11 2000MST 12 0600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A secondary upper level low pressure followed quickly behind the initial storm system on February 9 and 10th continuing snowfall over much of the New Mexico. A strong cold front moved south over the plains and interacted with this upper wave to focus the second round of snowfall across eastern New Mexico...particularly across the far northeast highlands.

NMZ511 Jemez Mountains 19 2300MST 21 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NMZ505-510-512> East Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 515 Feet/red River - San Juan Mountains - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet - West Central Mountains - West Central Plateau - West Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains 20 0400MST 21 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NMZ513-530 Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red River - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet - Union County 21 0000MST 0400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

118 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW MEXICO, Central and North

A large storm system that came down the west coast crossing central California and southwest Arizona moved into southwest New Mexico through Wednesday into Thursday. As the system transitioned across the southwestern states,snow began falling in northern New Mexico then increased in intensity and coverage across west central NM through Wednesday night into Thursday morning. Along with the snow, the position of the low as it moved east allowed for gusty winds in south central portions of the state. The system exited Thursday morning with the bulk of the system out of the state. Light showers lingered along the Texas/New Mexico border in northeast NM.

NMZ527-529-530 Northeast Highlands - Raton Ridge/johnson Mesa - Union County

24 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 25

NMZ533>537 Curry County - De Baca County - Guadalupe County - Quay County - Roosevelt County

24 1700MST 25 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

NMZ522>524-538> Central Highlands - Chaves County Plains - Eastern Lincoln County - Estancia Valley - South Central 539 Highlands 24 1700MST 25 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A slow moving upper level storm system sliding southeast out of the Great Basin interacted with a potent back door cold front sliding south down the Front Range to produce widespread heavy snowfall, strong to damaging winds, and blizzard to near blizzard conditions for much of eastern New Mexico. Widespread major impacts to travel developed across the eastern plains where nearly every U.S. and state highway as well as Interstates 25 and 40 were closed for several hours to even days. Snow and blowing snow produced drifts as high as 5 feet along the TX state line.

NEW MEXICO, South Central and Southwest

NMZ401>417 Central Tularosa Basin - East Slopes Sacramento Mountains Below 7500 Feet - Eastern Black Range Foothills - Lowlands Of The Bootheel - Northern Dona Ana County - Otero Mesa - Sacramento Mountains Above 7500 Feet - Sierra County Lakes - Southern Dona Ana County/mesilla Valley - Southern Gila Foothills/mimbres Valley - Southern Gila Highlands/black Range - Southern Tularosa Basin - Southwest Desert/lower Gila River Valley - Southwest Desert/mimbres Basin - Uplands Of The Bootheel - Upper Gila River Valley - West Slopes Sacramento Mountains Below 7500 Feet

01 0000MST 28 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Severe drought continued across most of Southwest New Mexico and even became extreme drought over portions of Sierra and Otero Counties around mid-month. Below normal rainfall amounts were reported all across the region.

NMZ412-415 Central Tularosa Basin - Sacramento Mountains Above 7500 Feet - Southern Tularosa Basin

09 1200MST 1355MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific storm system lifted northeast over the Four Corners region and pushed a cold front through the region. Ahead of the front strong southwest winds developed and with the help of deep mixing during the afternoon hours the winds increased in speed and produced areas of reduced visibilities due to blowing dust.

NMZ415 Sacramento Mountains Above 7500 Feet 12 0100MST 0800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A cold core upper level low moved eastwards across the region. While moisture was rather limited with the storm, the system did display rather impressive dynamics. As the storm passed over the Sacramento mountains, upslope flow managed to help generate a band of snow that accumulated across the higher terrain above 7500 feet.

119 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW MEXICO, South Central and Southwest NMZ411>413 Central Tularosa Basin - Southern Dona Ana County/mesilla Valley - Southern Tularosa Basin

20 1200MST 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A vigorous upper level storm system with winds aloft in excess of 120 knots slowly worked it's way from southern California eastwards to southern New Mexico and West Texas. Over the course of two days a strong surface pressure gradient developed in association with this system that induced strong southwest and westerly surface winds. In addition the some of the stronger winds aloft mixed down to the surface to enhance the gust potential during this time frame.

NMZ412-413 Central Tularosa Basin - Southern Tularosa Basin 24 1100MST 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

An upper level storm system passing over central New Mexico allowed for a strong upper level jet to pass over southern New Mexico and far west Texas. A combination of deep mixing and a deepening lee side trough over eastern New Mexico lead to an afternoon of very strong west and southwest winds along with lots of blowing dust.

NEW MEXICO, Southeast

NMZ028 Eddy County Plains 09 1443MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Strong winds occurred in the Guadalupe Mountains and adjacent plains in Southeast New Mexico due to a strong upper trough passing by to the north of the region.

25 0300MST 0500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

25 0352MST 0552MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

NMZ029-033 Central Lea County - Northern Lea County 25 1220MST 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cutoff low moved over New Mexico and the Texas Panhandle, and resulted in blizzard conditions to the north of the upper low track and strong winds and blowing dust to the south.

NEW YORK, Central

NYZ009-018-036 Madison - Northern Oneida - Onondaga 01 0000EST 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A cold westerly flow produced significant lake effect snowfall in northern Oneida county in central New York.

NYZ018 Onondaga 04 0600EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A cold northwesterly flow over Lake Ontario produced heavy lake effect snow over portions of central New York.

NYZ009-017-025- Broome - Chenango - Cortland - Delaware - Madison - Northern Oneida - Onondaga - Otsego - Southern 036>037-044>046- Cayuga - Southern Oneida - Sullivan - Tioga - Tompkins 055>057-062 08 1200EST 09 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A northern system passed over our region while merging with a coastal storm, yielding a period heavy snowfall across the region late February 8 into early February 9, 2013. Snow amounts generally ranged from 5 to 11 inches.

19 2000EST 20 2330EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow 120 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, Central NYZ018-037 Onondaga - Southern Oneida 20 1900EST 21 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A cold westerly flow produced significant lake effect snowfall in portions of central New York.

NEW YORK, Coastal

NYZ067>074-176> Bronx - New York (Manhattan) - Northern Nassau - Northern Queens - Northern Westchester - Orange - 177 Putnam - Richmond (Staten Island) - Rockland - Southern Westchester 08 0710EST 09 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NYZ078 Northwest Suffolk 08 1500EST 09 0735EST 3 0 17.0M 0.00K Blizzard

NYZ179 Southern Nassau 08 1515EST 09 0520EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NYZ080 Southwest Suffolk 08 1535EST 09 0735EST 2 0 6.0M 0.00K Blizzard

NYZ075-178 Kings (Brooklyn) - Southern Queens 08 1700EST 09 0410EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure that formed along the northern Gulf coast by the morning of Thursday, February 7, 2013 moved northeast to near Cape Hatteras by the morning of Friday, February 8, 2013 . The low then rapidly intensified while moving northeast to a position east of Cape Cod by the morning of Saturday, February 9, 2013, producing very heavy snowfall and blizzard conditions across central and eastern Long Island on February 8th and 9th, and winter storm conditions across the rest of southeast New York.

NYZ079-081 Northeast Suffolk - Southeast Suffolk 08 2130EST 2330EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

A powerful blizzard affected the region Friday February 8th into Saturday February 9th. Strong northeast winds resulted in generally 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 feet of surge during the Friday evening and Saturday morning high tide cycles causing widespread minor to locally moderate coastal flooding.

08 2250EST 09 1005EST 1 0 6.0M 0.00K Blizzard

NYZ081 Southeast Suffolk 08 2250EST 09 1005EST 1 0 3.0M 0.00K Blizzard

Low pressure that formed along the northern Gulf coast by the morning of Thursday, February 7, 2013 moved northeast to near Cape Hatteras by the morning of Friday, February 8, 2013 . The low then rapidly intensified while moving northeast to a position east of Cape Cod by the morning of Saturday, February 9, 2013, producing very heavy snowfall and blizzard conditions across central and eastern Long Island on February 8th and 9th, and winter storm conditions across the rest of southeast New York.

NYZ179 Southern Nassau 09 0700EST 0720EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

121 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, Coastal

A powerful blizzard affected the region Friday February 8th into Saturday February 9th. Strong northeast winds resulted in generally 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 feet of surge during the Friday evening and Saturday morning high tide cycles causing widespread minor to locally moderate coastal flooding.

NYZ071-081 Southeast Suffolk - Southern Westchester 17 1100EST 2300EST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

An area of low pressure developed along a front just to the east and deepened rapidly producing strong winds across the region.

NYZ080 Southwest Suffolk 27 0300EST 0800EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Deep low pressure approached the area, then slowly moved to the east. Strong gusty winds occurred as this low approached.

NYZ079-081-176- Northeast Suffolk - Northern Nassau - Northern Queens - Southeast Suffolk 177 27 1130EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

A complex low pressure system tracking northeast through the Ohio Valley and Northeast United States produced strong onshore winds across the region Tuesday Night into Wednesday morning on February 27th. These onshore winds piled 2 1/2 to 3 feet of surge along the southeast NY coast during the Wednesday morning high tide cycle causing widespread minor to locally moderate coastal flooding.

NEW YORK, East

NYZ041 Northern Saratoga 02 1500EST 1800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A snow shower developed across central Saratoga County during the afternoon of Saturday, February 2nd, 2013. The snow shower developed as a result of moisture off Lake Ontario interacting with a weak area of low pressure moving across the region. While the snow shower was rather localized, it produced visibility of less than one-half mile for about a half-hour period. This allowed for about a half inch to inch of snow to accumulate between exits 15 and 16 on the Adirondack Northway (Interstate 87). This light accumulation of snow froze to the roadway, making the roadway rather slick. As a result, a chain of automobile accidents on the highway led to a 30 car pileup, including a tractor trailer. The Interstate was closed for several hours as a result of the accident and around 30 people reported minor injuries. No major injuries or deaths were reported.

NYZ032-033 Hamilton - Northern Herkimer 08 0930EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ038 Southern Herkimer 08 1130EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ064>066 Eastern Dutchess - Eastern Ulster - Western Dutchess 08 1230EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ082 Northern Fulton 08 1400EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Weather

122 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, East NYZ060-061 Eastern Columbia - Western Columbia 08 1500EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ063 Western Ulster 08 1500EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ058-059 Eastern Greene - Western Greene 08 1530EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ039 Southern Fulton 08 1530EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ054 Eastern Rensselaer 08 1600EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ042 Northern Warren 08 1600EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ047-048 Schoharie - Western Schenectady 08 1630EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ049-051>053 Eastern Albany - Eastern Schenectady - Western Albany - Western Rensselaer

08 1630EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ040 Montgomery 08 1700EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ041-043-050- Northern Saratoga - Northern Washington - Southeast Warren - Southern Saratoga - Southern 083-084 Washington 08 1700EST 09 0715EST 0 0 Winter Weather

On the morning hours of Thursday, Februrary 8th, an area of low pressure rapidly developed off the mid-Atlantic coast. The development of this storm was aided by the phasing with another strong upper level disturbance moving towards the coast from the Great Lakes region. As this developing storm moved northeast off the Northeast coast from the afternoon of Thursday, February 8th and into the overnight hours, a large amount of Atlantic moisture was pulled westward, producing snowfall. The track of the storm remained just far enough to the east to keep the heaviest snowfall east of the region across New England. However, a widespread moderate snowfall occurred across much of eastern New York, with some pockets of heavier snow across the Taconics and Catskills. In addition, strong northeast winds allowing for some blowing and drifting of snowfall, especially across the high terrain. The snow tapered off during the morning of Saturday, February 9th. Total snowfall amounts ranged from around 6 inches in the Lake George Region to around a foot in the Catskills, mid-Huson Valley and Taconics.

123 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, East NYZ047-058 Schoharie - Western Greene 26 2200EST 27 1530EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ051 Western Albany 26 2300EST 27 1530EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ040 Montgomery 26 2300EST 27 1530EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ033-041 Hamilton - Northern Saratoga 27 0100EST 28 1530EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ042 Northern Warren 27 0200EST 28 0340EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ061 Eastern Columbia 27 0945EST 0 0 High Wind An area of low pressure over the Ohio Valley approached the region during the late evening of Tuesday, February 26th. Snow, moderate to heavy at times in some areas, broke out over the region for the overnight hours. Another area of low pressure developed over the mid-Atlantic region and moved northeast inland across the Northeast for the morning hours of Wednesday, February 27th. The track of this low allowed warmer air, both at the surface and aloft, to move into the region. This allowed the precipitation to change to rain and become spotty across the lower elevations, ending the snow accumulation for these areas. However, upslope flow allowed steady precipitation to continue across the higher terrain of the eastern Catskills, Helderbergs and southern Adirondacks through the day. Although there was some mixing with sleet and freezing rain, the precipitation remained mainly snow for a long period of time across these higher terrain areas, allowing for moderate accumulations to occur. The steady precipitation tapered off to snow showers during the early morning hours of Thursday, February 28th. By the early morning of Thursday, February 28th, storm total snowfall amounts of 6 to 12 inches occurred across the higher terrain, while mainly just 1 to 6 inches occurred for valley areas. In addition, east to southeast winds were gusty ahead of the approaching low pressure area during the morning hours of February 27th. The strongest winds occurred across the higher terrain of the Taconics, where a wind gust was strong enough to blow over a tractor trailer truck in Copake.

NEW YORK, North

NYZ026>031-034> Eastern Clinton - Eastern Essex - Northern Franklin - Northern St. Lawrence - Southeastern St. Lawrence 035-087 - Southern Franklin - Southwestern St. Lawrence - Western Clinton - Western Essex

08 0200EST 2100EST 0 0 65.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

Although this snow event occurred simultaneously with the Long Island-Southern New England Blizzard, the main culprit in northern New York was from a relatively strong, but slowly dissipating storm from the Great Lakes. Snow began to fall across northern New York after midnight on February 8th and continued for much of the day, with the heaviest occurring during the morning hours. Storm total snowfall ranged from 6 to 12 inches with localized higher amounts.

NYZ031-034 Western Clinton - Western Essex 27 0300EST 28 0000EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

124 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, North

A dissipating low pressure system across the Great Lakes and strengthening low pressure around the Delmarva peninsula accounted for a general 3 to 8 inch snowfall across northern New York on February 27th.

NEW YORK, West

NYZ006-010-020- Cattaraugus - Jefferson - Northern Erie - Oswego - Southern Erie 085 01 0000EST 0030EST 0 0 45.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

NYZ001 Niagara 02 0400EST 2345EST 0 0 8.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A rapidly deepening storm system moved eastward from Lake Huron and tracked north of Lake Ontario to southwestern Quebec. The system was followed by a westerly flow of very cold air across the still unfrozen Great Lakes which triggered lake effect snows downwind of both lakes. Off Lake Erie, a narrow but intense band of lake effect snow across Chautauqua and Cattaraugus Counties. Winds then backed to west-southwest and the band lifted north bringing lake snows into southern Erie and Wyoming Counties. As an upper level shortwave trough moved through, the snow shifted back south before an approaching system again brought the snows further north across the Buffalo metro area. Snowfall rates varied from one to as much as three inches of snow per hour. The greatest snow totals off Lake Erie fell across the Southern Tier where narrow but intense bands of snow brought localized amounts of over two feet of snow. Significant snows over one foot also fell across Grand Island and southern Niagara County. Much of the Greater Buffalo area had a large gradient in snow totals ranging from 3 inches to around a foot due to the transient nature of the band on Saturday morning. Off Lake Ontario, lake snows organized into a narrow but intense band of snow over southern Jefferson County as winds aligned down the long axis of the lake. This band sagged south across central Oswego County where snowfall rates of up to 2 inches per hour were observed. The lake band briefly pushed south over the southern shore of Lake Ontario with heavier lake snows making for a messy morning commute in the Rochester metro area. The band then lifted north into Jefferson County with heavy snow for the Watertown area. Some of the highest snowfall rates of this event were observed across northern Jefferson County with three to four inches per hour falling. The greatest snow totals off Lake Ontario fell during two periods. During the first, six to as much as twenty-one inches were measured in central Oswego and southern Lewis Counties. During the second, six to sixteen inches were measured across northern Jefferson County.

NYZ005-019>020 Cattaraugus - Chautauqua - Northern Cayuga - Oswego 03 1800EST 04 1200EST 0 0 33.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A cold airmass over the warmer waters of Lakes Erie and Ontario produced lake effect snows off both lakes. Off Lake Erie, a disorganized band of lake effect snow began across far southern Erie and Wyoming counties then shifted south, becoming better organized. Snowfall amounts were diminished by some ice cover, however they ranged from eight to thirteen inches across the higher elevations of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus counties. Off Lake Ontario, the lake effect plume that formed also had an upstream connection to Lake Huron which enhanced snowfall amounts. Snowfall rates in excess of two inches an hour dropped several feet of snow across Northern Cayuga and Oswego Counties. Specific reports included 33 inches at Fulton, 25 inches at Fair Haven and Sterling, and 17 inches at Phoenix.

NYZ001>008-010> Genesee - Jefferson - Lewis - Monroe - Niagara - Northern Cayuga - Northern Erie - Orleans - Oswego - 011 Wayne 08 0100EST 0300EST 0 0 175.0K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure passing over the lower Great Lakes brought a general half- to one-foot snowfall across the northern sections of the region. Along the south shore of Lake Ontario amounts were enhanced by additional moisture from the lake and totals ranged from a foot to a foot and a half. Many schools were closed on Friday the 8th. The snowfall made for a slow, messy commute for the Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Rochester metro areas. Specific snowfall totals included: 18 inches at Gasport; 17 inches at Lockport; 16 inches at Irondequoit, Greece, and Sandborn; 15 inches at Grand Island, Henderson, and Spencerport; 14 inches at Lewiston, Holley, Newark and Youngstown; 13 inches at West Carthage, Niagara Falls, Marion and Walworth; 12 inches at Tonawanda, Lowville, Constableville, and Rochester Airport; 11 inches at Fulton, Oakfield and Lyndonville; 10 inches at Swormville, Kenmore, and Highmarket; 9 inches at Alden; 8 inches at Montezuma and Buffalo airport; and 7 inches at Redfield.

125 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, West NYZ006>008 Jefferson - Lewis - Oswego 19 2300EST 21 1900EST 0 0 23.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

NYZ012-019-085 Cattaraugus - Chautauqua - Southern Erie - Wyoming 20 0100EST 1530EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

In the wake of a cold front, a cold northwest flow developed over Lakes Erie and Ontario. Off Lake Erie, although the lake was largely ice-covered, an upstream connection with Lake Huron brought over a foot of snow to the higher elevations of southwest New York. Specific reports included: 20 inches at Springville, 15 inches at Perrysburg, and 12 inches at West Valley and Warsaw. Off Lake Ontario, a band of moderate to at times heavy snow developed. Over two feet of snow fell across the western face of the Tug Hill. Specific snowfall reports included: 29 inches at Bennetts Bridge, 24 inches at Redfield, 21 inches at Highmarket, and 20 inches at Altmar.

NORTH CAROLINA, Central Johnston County 3 WNW Micro 26 2018EST 2019EST 0.49 75 0 0 45.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

At approximately 818 pm EST a weak tornado touched down near the 2700 block of Old Beulah Road, 4 miles northeast of Selma. The first visible damage was to the metal sheeting on the roof of an outbuilding. The tornado continued a couple hundred yards before causing significant damage to a two-story barn. The preexisting barn structure was over 40 years old and while the foundation was attached, most of the structure was settled onto concrete blocks with an open crawl space underneath. The tornado blew off the roof of the barn. Two of the side walls were also blown out, leaving two walls intact. Across the street a single family mobile home suffered minor damage to shingles and vinyl siding. An adjacent carport also had minor roof damage. The tornado continued another couple of hundred yards where one final sheet metal building sustained minor roof damage. There were no injuries or fatalities to report.

An isolated EF-0 tornado coincident with a triple point low and in the warm sector east of a wedge front boundary produced minor damage near Selma in Johnston County.

NORTH CAROLINA, Central Coastal Carteret County Beaufort 26 2119EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57MG)

Peak wind gust of 66 mph measured by ASOS in Beaufort North Carolina.

Isolated thunderstorms developed ahead of a cold front along the coastal sections of eastern North Carolina during the evening of February 26th. One of these storms produced strong winds over Carteret County. Note: The measured wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. NORTH CAROLINA, North Coastal

NCZ012>014-030> Bertie - Chowan - Gates - Hertford - Northampton - Perquimans 032 16 1600EST 17 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure intensifying off the northern Mid Atlantic Coast produced between one half inch and two inches of snow across portions of northeast North Carolina.

126 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Northwest and North Central NCZ001 Ashe 01 0000EST 0216EST 0 0 2.5K High Wind

An extended period of high wind impacting the northern mountains of North Carolina occurred from 3:00 am EST on January 29, 2013 into the early morning hours of February 1, 2013. On the 29th of January, damaging winds occurred from the south ahead of an approaching cold front. After the front crossed the area during the afternoon January 30, the very strong winds continued, but now from the northwest. These very strong northwest winds downed trees on Highway 194 near Todd during the early morning hours of February 1.

NCZ001-018 Ashe - Watauga 02 1415EST 03 2055EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

As a cold front, and a wave of energy along the front, passed across the region light snow increased to heavier snow across mainly the higher elevations across the northern mountains of North Carolina. The higher snow amounts ranged from 5 to 12 inches.

NCZ001-018 Ashe - Watauga 03 1615EST 1935EST 0 0 High Wind

As a cold front moved east of the region, high pressure started to make its way toward the region. The resultant tightening pressure gradient helped to produce wind gusts over the northern mountains of North Carolina that gusted over 60 mph at the higher elevations.

07 0055EST 1630EST 0 0 1.0K High Wind

NCZ018 Watauga 08 2355EST 0 0 1.0K High Wind An area of low pressure tracked northeast along Atlantic coast from the mid-Atlantic region to near New England. As the system strengthened, very strong damaging northwest winds developed across the mountains of North Carolina.

20 0435EST 1000EST 0 0 High Wind

High pressure centered over the upper Midwest and low pressure deepening over southeast Canada produced a strong pressure gradient across the central Appalachians. Winds gusted for multiple hours around or over 60 mph across the higher terrain of Watauga County.

NCZ001>003-018 Alleghany - Ashe - Surry - Watauga 26 0535EST 1530EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

As low pressure progressed through the Mississippi Valley into the Ohio Valley it brought relatively mild moisture into the central Appalachians. Cold high pressure was in place at the surface along and east of the Appalachians when the moisture arrived. The result was a rain that fell and froze when it reached the surface and formed a layer of ice around one-quarter inch thick. At the highest elevations, the ice formed a layer approaching one-half inch thick with isolated reports of ice one inch thick near Aho.

NORTH CAROLINA, South Coastal

NCZ105 Inland Pender 17 1400EST 1405EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong pressure gradient out ahead of a cold front produced strong winds with isolated damage.

127 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Southwest NCZ033-048>052- Avery - Graham - Haywood - Madison - Mitchell - Northern Jackson - Swain - Yancey 058>059 01 0000EST 0800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snow showers developed across the mountains around midnight and continued off and on through the morning hours. Accumulations ranged from less than an inch in the valleys surrounding the Smokies to 1-4 inches across much of the northern mountains and the lower French Broad Valley. High elevations along the Tennessee border saw slightly higher amounts.

NCZ052-058-062> Graham - Haywood - Macon - Southern Jackson - Transylvania 064 02 1100EST 03 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Light snow developed across the mountains during the late morning and continued off and on through much of the day. Snow tapered off during the evening, but redeveloped for a short period of time during the morning of the 3rd. Total accumulations generally ranged from 1-4 inches.

NCZ033-048>051- Avery - Madison - Mitchell - Northern Jackson - Swain - Yancey 059 02 1200EST 03 2200EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

Light snow developed over the Georgia mountains and Swain County in North Carolina around noon, and continued through the afternoon. Snow, heavy at times continued through early evening. Total accumulations generally ranged from 2 to 4 inches across much of Rabun County to 3-5 inches across Swain. Travel conditions were especially bad in Swain County, where numerous accidents were reported. While the continuous snowfall ceased during mid-evening, occasional snow showers persisted into the morning hours of the 3rd. However, additional accumulation was spotty.

NCZ033-049-050 Avery - Mitchell - Yancey 07 1400EST 2000EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Precipitation, heavy at times, developed across the northern mountains during the morning and continued into the afternoon. While most locations saw only rain, snow levels gradually fell through the day, and dipped as low as 3500 feet before precipitation ended. Meanwhile, mostly snow fell at the highest peaks. By the time the snow tapered off, a couple inches had accumulated at elevations near 4500 feet or so, while as much as a foot fell on the highest peaks.

15 1800EST 17 0600EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NCZ048>052 Haywood - Madison - Mitchell - Swain - Yancey 15 1800EST 17 0600EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Light snow and snow showers developed during the evening of the 15th, and continued periodically through the early morning of the 17th. By the time the snow tapered off, most areas had received 1 to 4 inches, with locally heavier amounts in the higher elevations.

NCZ035-056-065- Alexander - Cabarrus - Catawba - Cleveland - Eastern Polk - Gaston - Greater Burke - Greater 068>072-082-504- Rutherford - Henderson - Iredell - Lincoln - Mecklenburg - Polk Mountains - Union 508>510 16 1200EST 1700EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Scattered snow showers developed near the Blue Ridge during the afternoon, and quickly moved east. The showers produced snowfall rates of an inch or more per hour, resulting in quick accumulations of up to an inch across portions of the mountains and the foothills. Locally higher amounts occurred in eastern portions of the area.

NCZ033-048>053- Avery - Buncombe - Graham - Haywood - Henderson - Macon - Madison - Mitchell - Northern Jackson - 058>059-062>065 Southern Jackson - Swain - Transylvania - Yancey 19 0400EST 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

128 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Southwest

Precipitation developed across the mountains during the early morning hours. Precipitation fell mainly as snow in the high elevations, but snow levels quickly worked their way down to the valleys by sunrise before coming to an end. Most areas above 3000 feet saw 1 to 3 inches of snow, with locally higher amounts, especially across the Balsams and Nantahalas. Valley locations saw accumulations from a light dusting to around an inch.

22 0100EST 0800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NCZ050-501-503 Burke Mountains - Caldwell Mountains - Mitchell 22 0100EST 0800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A mix of snow sleet and freezing rain developed across the northern mountains shortly after midnight, and continued into the morning hours before tapering off. Accumulations were mainly confined to the high elevations, and to locations right along the Blue Ridge, where up to an inch of ice, sleet, and snow were reported.

NCZ033-049-064- Avery - Burke Mountains - Caldwell Mountains - Mitchell - Transylvania - Yancey 501-503 26 0000EST 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Freezing rain developed across the Blue Ridge areas around midnight. While many areas transitioned to rain during the overnight, cold air locked in along the eastern escarpment resulted in a mostly freezing rain event there. By the time the precipitation tapered off, some locations had as much as a quarter inch of ice, with isolated downed trees and a few power outages. Some sleet and snow mixed in early across the northern mountains, with little or no accumulation.

NCZ053-065-505- Buncombe - Henderson - McDowell Mountains - Polk Mountains - Rutherford Mountains 507-509 26 0100EST 0900EST 0 0 Ice Storm

Rain and freezing rain began across the southern mountains shortly after midnight and continued through the pre-dawn hours. Many locations saw mainly rain. However, cold air locked in near the escarpment resulted in an all-freezing rain event there. By the time temperatures warmed above freezing during late morning, up to a half inch of ice had accumulated within a few miles of the continental divide. Meanwhile, locations farther away from the Blue Ridge saw only trace amounts of ice. There were scattered downed trees and power lines, resulting in quite a number of power outages, especially in McDowell and Henderson counties.

NCZ035>037-056- Alexander - Catawba - Davie - Eastern McDowell - Greater Burke - Greater Caldwell - Iredell 502-504-506 26 0300EST 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Light freezing rain developed during the early morning hours across the northern foothills and northwest Piedmont and continued into the mid-morning hours before temperatures warmed above freezing. Total ice accretion ranged from trace amounts across southern areas to as much as 0.20 inches across portions of the foothills.

NCZ033-048>052- Avery - Caldwell Mountains - Haywood - Madison - Mitchell - Swain - Yancey 501 27 2200EST 28 2359EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snow showers developed during the late evening of the 27th and continued off and on for several days. Total snowfall across the northern mountains and the high elevations of the Smokies and Newfound Mountains was estimated at 3 to 8 inches, with a foot or more estimated at the peaks and ridge tops of the northern mountains. However, gusty winds causing quite a bit of blowing snow, and long lulls between snow showers allowing for some melting made accurate snowfall totals difficult to come by.

129 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH DAKOTA, Central and West

NDZ002>005-011> Bottineau - Burke - Dickey - Foster - La Moure - McHenry - Pierce - Renville - Rollette - Sheridan - 013-022>023-025- Stutsman - Ward - Wells 037-048-051 01 0000CST 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

Arctic high pressure building into the Northern Plains brought a prolonged period of dangerous wind chill temperatures to the area. Wind chills as low as 55 below zero were recorded. This extreme cold event started January 30. Please see January's Storm Data.

NDZ001>003-009> Burke - Divide - Dunn - McKenzie - Mclean - Mercer - Mountrail - Oliver - Renville - Ward - Williams 011-017>021 02 1300CST 1745CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Fresh snow and existing loose snow on the ground, combined with northwest winds gusting over 50 miles per hour, resulted in blizzard conditions during the afternoon of the 2nd across northwest and north central North Dakota. Farther south, temperatures above freezing early in the day limited the blowing snow, but still resulted in hazardous travel due to icy roads in the afternoon as temperatures dropped. No travel was advised by local and state officials across northwest and north central North Dakota. In addition, Interstate 94 from Mandan to Dickinson was closed due to blowing snow and icy conditions.

NDZ037-047-050> Dickey - La Moure - Logan - McIntosh - Stutsman 051 10 1100CST 11 0200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Low pressure lifting northeast across the central U.S. brought heavy snow to the James River Basin in southeast North Dakota on the 10th. Storm total snow accumulations ranged from around four inches over the western James River Basin of Logan and McIntosh counties to as much as ten inches at Oakes in Dickey County. In addition to the snow, winds gusting to near forty miles per hour for up to twelve hours resulted in prolonged blizzard conditions. County officials issued no travel advisories, and Interstate 94 from Jamestown to Fargo was closed due to near zero visibility.

NDZ004-012>013- Bottineau - Foster - McHenry - Pierce - Rollette - Sheridan - Wells 022>023-025 18 0000CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Low pressure tracking across far southern Canada brought moderate snow and strong northwest winds to North Dakota during the morning and early afternoon of February 18th. The worst conditions occurred over parts of north central North Dakota into the northern James River Basin, where one to four inches of snow combined with winds gusting to around 40 miles per hour. This resulted in blizzard conditions prompting the North Dakota Department of Transportation and the North Dakota Highway Patrol to issue no travel advisories from Rolla through Jamestown.

NDZ003>005-011> Bottineau - Foster - Kidder - Logan - McHenry - Pierce - Renville - Rollette - Sheridan - Stutsman - Ward 013-022>023-025- - Wells 036>037-047 19 0200CST 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

Subzero temperatures combined with winds up to 15 miles per hour produced wind chill temperatures as low as fifty below zero during the morning of the 19th.

130 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH DAKOTA, East NDZ006-014>015- Barnes - Benson - Cavalier - Eddy - Griggs - Nelson - Ramsey - Ransom - Sargent - Steele - Towner - 024-026-028>029- Western Walsh 038-049-052-054 01 0000CST 0444CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

This event continued over from January 31st. Temperatures from 15 below to 25 below zero combined with northwest winds of 10 to 15 mph to produce wind chill readings around 40 below zero. As winds became light by the early morning hours of the 1st, the warning was cancelled.

NDZ038-049-052> Barnes - Cass - Ransom - Richland - Sargent 053 10 0600CST 11 1200CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

A moisture laden Colorado Low tracked from central Nebraska on the morning of the 10th to central Lake Superior by the morning of the 11th. Ahead of the system there was some light freezing rain and fog early as temperatures were quite mild. Snowfall amounts ranged from 5 to 21 inches, with the most snow falling across extreme southeast North Dakota. The falling snow combined with north to northwest winds at 35 to 45 mph to produce whiteout conditions. Interstate 29 was closed from Grand Forks to the South Dakota border, Interstate 94 was closed from Jamestown to Fargo, and North Dakota 13 was closed around Wahpeton. Many schools and other activities closed down on the 11th.

NDZ027>030 Grand Forks - Griggs - Steele - Traill 10 0600CST 11 0350CST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

A moisture laden Colorado Low tracked from central Nebraska on the morning of the 10th to central Lake Superior by the morning of the 11th. Ahead of the system there was some light freezing rain and fog early as temperatures were quite mild. Snowfall amounts ranged from 4 to 6 inches. The falling snow combined with north to northwest winds at 30 to 40 mph to produce occasional visibilities below a half mile. Interstate 29 was closed from Grand Forks to the South Dakota border. Many other roads were also closed which resulted in cancelled schools and other activities on the 11th.

OHIO, North

OHZ011-013-014 Ashtabula - Cuyahoga - Geauga 01 0000EST 1800EST 0 0 250.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

An arctic cold front moved across the Upper Ohio Valley early on January 31st. Cold westerly winds behind the cold front caused lake effect snow showers to develop before daybreak on the 31st. The snow showers intensified around midday with periods of moderate to heavy snow during the afternoon and evening hours. Visibilities were near zero at times with snowfall rates approaching two inches per hour. The westerly winds gusted in excess of 30 mph causing much blowing and drifting. Intermittent snow continued into the 1st with the snow shower activity diminishing from west to east during the evening. Snowfall totals ranged from a few inches in western Cuyahoga County to over a foot in portions of Ashtabula County. Peak totals included: 14.3 inches at Pierpont in Ashtabula County; 9.6 inches at Thompson in Geauga County and 9.0 inches at Garfield Heights in Cuyahoga County.

OHZ012-014-089 Ashtabula - Ashtabula Lakeshore - Lake 03 1100EST 04 1900EST 0 0 225.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

Cold northwest winds blowing across Lake Erie caused lake effect snow showers to develop around midday on February 3rd. The snow showers intensified during the afternoon and evening hours. Visibilities at times were less than a quarter mile. The snow showers were intermittent on the 4th and finally dissipated during the afternoon hours. Snow accumulations of 6 to 9 inches were reported across the northern half of Ashtabula County and eastern half of Lake County. A peak total 10.9 inches was measured at Madison in Lake County.

OHZ010-013 Geauga - Lorain 16 1400EST 17 0400EST 0 0 150.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

Cold north to northwest winds blowing across Lake Erie caused lake effect snow showers to develop during the afternoon hours of February 16th. The snow intensified during the evening hours with accumulations of 1 to 2 inches per hour. Visibilities at times were less than a quarter of a mile. The snow showers dissipated during the early morning hours of the 17th. A swath of 6 to 9 inches of snow was reported in Lorain County. 6 to 9 inches of snow was also reported across northern Geauga County. In Lorain County, spotters in Oberlin reported 8.2 and 9.0 inches of snow. A peak total of 9.0 inches was reported at Chardon in Geauga County.

131 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OHIO, North OHZ012-014 Ashtabula - Lake 19 1700EST 20 1300EST 0 0 125.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

Cold northwest winds blowing across Lake Erie caused lake effect snow showers to develop during the afternoon hours of February 19th. The snow showers intensified during the evening hours of the 19th and early morning hours of the 20th. Visibilities at times were less than a quarter mile with snowfall rates in excess of an inch per hour. Westerly winds gusted to as much 30 mph during this event and caused much blowing and drifting. A swath of 6 inches or more of snow stretched from eastern Lake County across Ashtabula County and into northwestern Pennsylvania. Several accidents were reported and travel along Interstate 90 was hampered by this event.

OHIO, Northwest

OHZ001-004>005- Allen - Defiance - Fulton - Henry - Paulding - Putnam - Van Wert - Williams 015>016-024>025 04 0600EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An Alberta Clipper brought accumulating snow to northwest Ohio on February 4th, with total accumulations generally ranging between 2 and 4 inches.

OHZ015 Paulding 05 0800EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Clear skies and a fresh snow pack allowed for the formation of fog across northwestern Ohio. Pockets of dense fog occurred with some locations reporting near zero visibilities. The fog played a factor in a 14 vehicle pile up on U.S. 24 in Paulding county when a SUV pulled out in front of a tanker carrying ethanol fuel. The driver of the SUV was pronounced dead at the scene. The accident resulted in 12 additional vehicles becoming involved in the scene as well as the rupture and release of 1,500 gallons of ethanol fuel into the median of U.S. 24. The highway was closed for several hours due to the clean up of both vehicles and the spilled fuel. Nine non-life-threatening injuries also resulted from the accident.

OHZ001-004>005- Allen - Defiance - Fulton - Henry - Paulding - Putnam - Van Wert - Williams 015>016-024>025 22 0200EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A warm front lifting through the region brought a period of snow, sleet, and freezing rain to northwest Ohio during the early morning hours of February 22.

OHZ001-004>005- Allen - Defiance - Fulton - Henry - Paulding - Putnam - Van Wert - Williams 015>016-024>025 26 0800EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong low pressure system lifting northeast through the Midwest and Great Lakes brought a period of moderate freezing rain to northwest Ohio on February 26th. Ice accretions near a tenth of an inch were common.

OHIO, Southeast

OHZ066-075>076- Athens - Jackson - Meigs - Morgan - Perry - Vinton - Washington 083>085 04 1300EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A fast moving clipper system brought 2 to 3 inches of snow accumulation to a large portion of southeast Ohio within 6 hours. Where temperatures were a bit colder, 4 inches was observed in New Lexington of Perry County. Travel delays were widespread on area roads during the early evening.

132 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OHIO, Southwest OHZ060-070 Butler - Preble 21 2100EST 22 1000EST 0 0 Ice Storm

OHZ046-055-061> Clermont - Clinton - Delaware - Fayette - Franklin - Greene - Hamilton - Licking - Montgomery - Scioto - 063-071>072-077> Warren 078-088 21 2100EST 22 1000EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A significant winter storm system over the Plains moved into the mid-Mississippi Valley, spreading a wintry mix of precipitation across the Ohio Valley during the evening hours of February 21 into the morning hours of February 22. With sub- freezing temperatures near the surface, the precipitation started off as a mix of sleet/snow early on and then transitioned to mainly freezing rain as warmer air aloft nosed into the region. Snow and sleet accumulations were generally less than an inch, and ice accumulations from freezing rain generally ranged from one to two tenths of an inch.

OKLAHOMA, Eastern

OKZ049-053>076 Adair - Cherokee - Choctaw - Craig - Creek - Delaware - Haskell - Latimer - Le Flore - Mayes - McIntosh - Muskogee - Nowata - Okfuskee - Okmulgee - Osage - Ottawa - Pawnee - Pittsburg - Pushmataha - Rogers - Sequoyah - Tulsa - Wagoner - Washington 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Widespread and much needed precipitation fell across eastern Oklahoma during February 2013. All of the region with the exception of the far southeastern portion of the state received above average precipitation for the month. Several precipitation events affected the area during February with the most significant occurring in the latter portion of the month, bringing widespread rain and snow to the region. This precipitation resulted in improved drought conditions across all of the area, with the exception of Choctaw and Pushmataha Counties, which remained in extreme drought (D3) for the entire month. Much of Creek, Pawnee, Osage, Washington, and Nowata Counties also ended the month in extreme drought (D3) but this was an improvement from the exceptional drought (D4) conditions that had persisted in that region for several months. Monetary damage estimates as a result of the drought were not available.

Choctaw County 2 N Ft Towson 07 1748CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Large hail broke windows out of a vehicle and trailer. Choctaw County Ft Towson 07 1752CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Choctaw County Ft Towson 07 1752CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (70EG)

Strong thunderstorm wind blew down several trees. Scattered thunderstorms developed across southern Oklahoma in advance of a dry line that moved east across the state. The stronger storms produced hail up to golfball size and damaging wind. Note: The estimated wind gust of 70 knots is equivalent to 81 mph. Craig County 3 NW Vinita 18 1210CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Muskogee County Muskogee 18 1256CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Sequoyah County 4 WNW Sallisaw 18 1345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Sequoyah County 5 NE Sallisaw 18 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

133 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Eastern Sequoyah County 3 W Short 18 1405CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Le Flore County 1 NE Spiro 18 1430CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Thunderstorms developed in advance of a cold front that moved through eastern Oklahoma during the afternoon of the 18th. The stronger storms produced hail up to golfball size.

OKZ054>059-063- Craig - Delaware - Haskell - Le Flore - McIntosh - Muskogee - Nowata - Okfuskee - Okmulgee - Osage - 065>066-070>072- Ottawa - Pawnee - Sequoyah - Washington 074-076 20 0600CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong storm system moved from the southern Rockies into the Southern Plains on the 20th and 21st. Snow began during the morning of the 20th across the region and some heavy snow fell before it gradually transitioned to sleet and freezing rain during the evening of the 20th and early morning hours of the 21st. Freezing rain and sleet continued during the morning of the 21st with some ice accumulations of 1/4 to 1/2 of an inch. Some power outages occurred as a result of the ice in far northeastern Oklahoma.

Mcintosh County 1 NNW Eufaula 25 0720CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Le Flore County 3 SE Howe 25 0925CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Thunderstorms developed and moved across portions of eastern Oklahoma on the 25th. The stronger storms produced some hail.

OKZ054-059 Osage - Pawnee - Washington 25 2000CST 26 0400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong storm system moved from the southern Rockies into the Southern Plains on the 25th and 26th. Rain began across the area during the early morning hours of the 25th and changed to snow from west to east across northeastern Oklahoma during the evening. Some heavy snow occurred across Osage, Pawnee, and Washington Counties where the strong wind resulted in near-blizzard conditions.

OKLAHOMA, Extreme Southeast

OKZ077 McCurtain 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions continued to improve slightly across McCurtain County, Oklahoma during the month of February. The month started with nearly the entire county being classified as D2 Severe Drought status. The county remained in D2 Severe Drought status through the end of the month despite monthly rainfall amounts of 2 to 4 inches with some higher isolated totals.

OKLAHOMA, Panhandle

OKZ001>003 Beaver - Cimarron - Texas 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 50.0M Drought

The late February blizzard brought some much needed relief for Beaver County, but the remainder of the Oklahoma Panhandle saw drought conditions worsen. Exceptional (D4) drought affects all of Cimarron and Texas County. Beaver County improved from exceptional (D4) drought to extreme (D3) drought. The late February blizzard produced 1 to 15 inches of snow across the Oklahoma Panhandle which equaled the majority of the precipitation for the month. Guymon recorded 1.25 inches of precipitation (0.78 inches above normal) for the month. Overall this month ranked as the 39th coldest and 10th wettest February on record for the Oklahoma Panhandle.

Limited dormant fuels remain in prime condition for the spread of fires across the Panhandle. However, the beneficial moisture provided by the blizzard caused the Keetch-Byram Drought Index for the Oklahoma Panhandle to improve to the 400 to 600 range.

134 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Panhandle

The increased moisture during the month helped the growth of dryland winter wheat and native grazing fields. Irrigated fields showed average growth with minor supplemental watering. The Palmer Drought Severity Index showed significant improvement to near normal rating for the Oklahoma Panhandle. Water watches remain in effect for several public water systems through February while voluntary to mandatory water restrictions have been enacted.

Economic losses due to the drought through February were estimated near $10 million (D3)/$20 million (D4) a county, and were predominately the result for poor growth of winter wheat, heavy supplemental watering, and supplemental feed for cattle in pastures and rangeland. 12 0023CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OKZ002-003 Beaver - Texas 12 0023CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

During the late night hours of the 11th and early morning hours of the 12th, an upper level trough of low pressure moved out of southern New Mexico and into west central Texas. This placed the Oklahoma Panhandle on the left front quadrant of 120 to 140 mph jet streak and within the warm sector of an 850mb closed low. This closed low brought moisture from the Gulf of Mexico over the cold surface airmass. This moisture coupled with the lift from the jet streak to initiate snow showers over eastern New Mexico just prior to midnight on February 12th. These showers expanded eastward quickly to enter the Oklahoma Panhandle around 12:30 AM CST. By 2:30 AM CST, snow showers had produced 1 inch of snow in Beaver (Beaver County) as reported by local Emergency Management. Bands of enhanced snow showers developed as the upper level trough of low pressure took on a more negatively tilted orientation by 6 AM CST. These enhanced bands quickly produced multiple inches of snow across the Panhandle, and made driving hazardous due to near zero visibilities. No injuries were reported, but multiple single vehicle accidents were reported across the area. By noon, the upper level trough was over the eastern Oklahoma Panhandle causing snow to end across the far west. The remaining snow showers across the Panhandle ended by 3 PM CST as the 850mb closed low moved over east Texas, removing the necessary moisture to support snow.Storm total amounts of 1 to 5 inches were reported across the Oklahoma Panhandle. The following is a list of the highest snowfall totals per county: 5 inches in Slapout (Beaver County); 1 inch in Kenton (Cimarron County); and 5 inches Goodwell (Texas County).

OKZ001>003 Beaver - Cimarron - Texas 20 1900CST 21 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A potent upper level low moved across southern New Mexico during the evening hours of February 20th. This system would go on to produce several inches of snow with a maximum of 12 inches in Texas County after making a transition from rain and sleet to all snow. As the upper level low moved into southeastern New Mexico it transitioned from a neutral tilt to a slightly negative tilt. This reorientation provided additional lift across the southwestern and eastern Oklahoma Panhandle which in turn helped intensify snowfall rates. It was in this area where the two highest snow depths occurred, 9 to 12 inch swath across southern Cimarron County and southwestern Texas County, and an 8 to 9 inch swath across southeastern Beaver County. By the early afternoon the upper level low had progressed over central Kansas, removing forcing across the Panhandle and bringing an end to precipitation. The following is a listing of the highest storm total snowfall for each county: 12.0 inches in Texhoma (Texas County); 9.0 inches nine miles southeast of Boise City (Cimarron County); 9.0 inches in Slapout (Beaver County).

135 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Panhandle

Map showing the highest snow amounts across the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandle made by the National Weather Service Office in Amarillo.

OKZ002-003 Beaver - Texas 24 2100CST 25 1700CST 0 0 1.34M 0.00K Blizzard

Between the evening hours of February 24 and the afternoon hours of February 25th, widespread snowfall totals of 1 to 15 inches of snow were reported across the Oklahoma Panhandle. This snowfall crippled the Panhandle in ways not seen since the 1957 and 1934 blizzards. The 6 PM CST upper air analysis on February 24th reviled a closed mid-level low pressure system diving south-southeastward from the Four Corners Region. This positioning put the Oklahoma Panhandle under the front right quadrant of a 90 mph to 120 mph upper level jet streak, and caused a transition of a surface stationary front draped across the Southern Texas Panhandle into a cold front. The large scale forcing provided by the aforementioned factors coupled with low level moisture advection to initiate snow showers over eastern New Mexico. These snow showers quickly expanded into the western Oklahoma Panhandles. The surface cold front surged southward in advance of the snow showers, which ensured any precipitation reaching the ground would be in a frozen state. A few embedded lightning strikes were evident as snow showers taped into very steep mid-level temperature lapse rates and weak elevated instability while moving further into the Panhandle. Snowfall rates of 1 inch to 2 inches per hour were observed, but higher snow fall rates of 2 inches to 3 inches per hour were possible given the weakly convective nature of some of the storms.

By midnight of the 25th, the mid-level closed low had progressed into southeastern New Mexico. This placed the Panhandles squarely in the comma head of the system. As a result, bands of heavy snow developed from Hereford, Texas (Deaf Smith County) to Slapout, Oklahoma (Beaver County). Weak instability continued to produce isolated lightning strikes within these snow bands. Sustained surface winds across the Panhandle had built into the 30 to 40 mph range in response to the strong post- frontal surface pressure gradient and occasional 55 to 65 mph winds gusts were reported within the heavier snow bands. These blizzard conditions caused visibilities to drop as low as 50 feet, and produced multiple inches of snow over several hours.

By 6 AM CST, the mid-level closed low was positioned near Sweetwater, Texas, and heavy bands of snow were still evident on radar along a Hereford, TX (Deaf Smith County) to Slapout, Oklahoma (Beaver County) line. Snow amount reports averaged between 4 to 10 inches along and to either side this line with Beaver (Beaver County) measuring eight inches. Blizzard conditions continued throughout the morning hours. By 12 PM CST, the mid-level closed low had progressed into north central Texas allowing a clearing line to approach the New Mexico/Oklahoma state line. This further east position of the low also had a diminishing effect on the heaviest snow bands as the upper level forcing had lessen. Snowfall rates dropped to below 1 inch per hour, and the surface pressure gradient was slowly weakening to allow slower sustained surface winds. However, near zero visibilities were still reported in locations where snow had ended due to blowing snow. The clearing line was positioned from Amarillo, Texas (Randall and Potter County) to Guymon, Oklahoma (Texas County) by 3 PM CST, and distinct snow bands were no longer evident on radar. Surface winds had also dropped below 35 mph sustained to bring an end to blizzard conditions across the Panhandles. Snow showers continued to diminish before coming to an end just before 10 PM CST.

136 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Panhandle

The following is a listing of the highest snow amounts per county: 15.0 inches in Slapout (Beaver County); 5 inches in Guymon (Texas County); and trace of snow in Boise City (Cimarron County). While the total economic losses due to the blizzard remains largely undocumented, the blizzard cost cattle farmers across the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandle $10.24 million in cattle losses. The 5 to 15 inch swath of snow across the central and eastern Oklahoma Panhandle paralyzed traffic, and the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (OKDOT) to close all roads and highways across the region. Numerous motorists became stranded during and after the blizzard. The blizzard forced businesses to shut down, caused temporary power outages, and limited the supply of goods by paralyzing delivery methods. Toot-n-Totum closed 52 of their 62 locations across the panhandles, which was the first time in 62 years of operations that so many locations were closed. The remaining 10 locations were reported to have been visited by 11,000 customers with lines of 40 to 50 people deep according to security camera estimates. Economic losses per county estimated from known cattle losses, estimated department of transportation costs, and estimated vehicle repairs.

OKLAHOMA, Western Central and Southeast

OKZ004>048-050> Alfalfa - Atoka - Beckham - Blaine - Bryan - Caddo - Canadian - Carter - Cleveland - Coal - Comanche - 052 Cotton - Custer - Dewey - Ellis - Garfield - Garvin - Grady - Grant - Greer - Harmon - Harper - Hughes - Jackson - Jefferson - Johnston - Kay - Kingfisher - Kiowa - Lincoln - Logan - Love - Major - Marshall - McClain - Murray - Noble - Oklahoma - Payne - Pontotoc - Pottawatomie - Roger Mills - Seminole - Stephens - Tillman - Washita - Woods - Woodward

01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Several winter storms occurred during middle to late February over much of Oklahoma. This allowed drought conditions to improve slightly over much of the region.

OKZ004>006-009> Alfalfa - Beckham - Blaine - Custer - Dewey - Ellis - Greer - Harmon - Harper - Kingfisher - Roger Mills - 010-014>018-021> Washita - Woods - Woodward 022-033>034 12 0500CST 1700CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

OKZ011-019-023> Caddo - Canadian - Garfield - Logan - Major - McClain - Oklahoma 025-028 12 0900CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OKZ013 Noble 12 1400CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

OKZ007-008 Grant - Kay 12 1400CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong upper level storm system moved across western and central Oklahoma overnight on the 11th into the morning hours of the 12th. As cold air moved in behind the system, moderate to heavy snow fell, especially across west central Oklahoma, where up to 9 inches of snow fell.

OKZ015 Dewey 21 0100CST 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

OKZ006-009-010 Alfalfa - Ellis - Woodward 21 0100CST 1400CST 0 0 Winter Storm

OKZ007-016-021 Beckham - Blaine - Custer - Grant 21 0100CST 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

137 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Western Central and Southeast OKZ005 Woods 21 0200CST 1400CST 0 0 Winter Storm

OKZ018-024>025- Canadian - Cleveland - Kingfisher - Logan - McClain - Oklahoma - Pontotoc 028>029-042 21 0200CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OKZ011-012 Garfield - Major 21 0300CST 1400CST 0 0 Winter Storm

OKZ020 Payne 21 0300CST 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OKZ008-026 Kay - Lincoln 21 0400CST 1000CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

OKZ013 Noble 21 1000CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The second in a series of winter storms impacted portions of northern and western Oklahoma late on the 20th as a potent upper level storm moved across western Oklahoma. A narrow corridor of snowfalls greater than one foot occurred across northwest Oklahoma, with many surrounding areas measuring between 4 and 8 inches of snow. A few spots across southeast Oklahoma also saw heavy snow before the storm eventually ended.

Greer County 2 NNW Hester 24 2013CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

No damage was reported. Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Kiowa County 1 E (HBR)Hobart Airport 24 2030CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

No damage was reported. Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Kiowa County 1 N (HBR)Hobart Airport 24 2030CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (57MG)

No damage was reported. Note: The measured wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Kiowa County 1 E (HBR)Hobart Airport 24 2035CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (59MG)

No damage was reported. An intense winter storm system moved into the Texas panhandle during the night of the 24th. A strong cold front surged southward across the Texas panhandle and western Oklahoma. As this front encountered a modestly unstable airmass characterized by dry low-level thermal profiles, a cluster of thunderstorms developed, and produced severe outflow winds. No damages were reported. Note: The measured wind gust of 59 knots is equivalent to 68 mph.

OKZ004>006-009> Alfalfa - Dewey - Ellis - Harper - Major - Roger Mills - Woods - Woodward 011-014>015 25 0700CST 2000CST 0 0 220.0K Blizzard

138 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Western Central and Southeast OKZ033 Harmon 25 0800CST 1900CST 0 0 Winter Weather

OKZ015 Dewey 25 0900CST 1800CST 0 0 Blizzard

OKZ029 Cleveland 25 0900CST 26 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OKZ016-022>023 Blaine - Caddo - Custer - Washita 25 1000CST 2200CST 0 0 Blizzard

OKZ008-012-018- Garfield - Greer - Kay - Kingfisher - Kiowa 034-035 25 1100CST 0000CST 0 0 Winter Storm

OKZ007-024-036- Canadian - Grant - Jackson - Stephens 039 25 1200CST 0200CST 0 0 Winter Weather

OKZ013 Noble 25 1700CST 26 0200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

OKZ019-025 Logan - Oklahoma - Payne 25 1700CST 26 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OKZ010 Woodward 25 1800CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

OKZ026-030 Lincoln - Pottawatomie 25 1800CST 26 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong winter storm system moved from west Texas into southern Oklahoma overnight on the 24th and lasted through the morning hours of the 26th. Very heavy snowfall occurred to the north and west of the upper low, mainly over parts of northwest Oklahoma. As surface low pressure strengthened over southern Oklahoma, very strong and gusty northwest winds developed, leading to blizzard conditions for several hours over much of western Oklahoma. Up to 18 inches of snow fell over parts of northern and western Oklahoma, with lesser amounts from southwest through north central and central Oklahoma. The winter storm gradually moved east through the day on the 24th and slowly exited the region by the morning of the 26th.

OREGON, Central and East

ORZ050 Wallowa 08 0700PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

139 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Central and East

A low pressure system moved across the interior Pacific Northwest and set up significant snowfall for all parts of Wallowa County. Snowfall amounts in inches include: (4.5) in Enterprise, (5.5) 2 miles ESE of Lostine, (8) 1 mile SE of Flora, (6.1) 4 miles NE of Enterprise, and (6) just west of Enterprise.

ORZ502 Northern Blue Mountains 22 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 23

ORZ503 Southern Blue Mountains 23 0200PST 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong pacific storm system moved across the interior Pacific Northwest over the weekend of the 22nd and provided several inches of snow over a 24-48 hour period, mainly above 4000ft. Snowfall amounts in inches include: (11) 5 miles W of Elgin, (17) two day storm total from Milk Shakes SNOTEL 9 miles SW of Ski Bluewood, (9) 6 miles SE of Greenhorn, (8) 24 hour total 18 miles SSE of Prairie City, (8) in 24 hours just SSE of Granite, (16) in 48 hours at High Ridge SNOTEL 5 miles SSW of Spout Springs, and (20) in 48 hours at Spout Springs Ski Resort.

OREGON, Northwest

ORZ011-013 Cascades in Lane County - Northern Oregon Cascades 22 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 23 Cold air behind a Pacific cold front brought widespread heavy snow to the North Oregon Cascades and the Cascades in Lane County.

OREGON, Southeast

ORZ061 Harney 23 0300PST 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front swept through the Intermountain West early in the morning on the 23rd. Snow squalls and high winds with damage to trees and power lines were reported across the region.

OREGON, Southwest

ORZ021 South Central Oregon Coast 26 0100PST 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

Clearing skies and a cold air mass made for low temperatures around freezing along parts of the Oregon coast.

PENNSYLVANIA, Central

PAZ004 Warren 01 0000EST 2026EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A very cold northwest flow over the Great Lakes produced significant lake-effect snow in the Warren County snowbelt. This was a continuing lake-effect snow event from January 31, 2013.

PAZ033 Somerset 26 0700EST 2208EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A complex area of low pressure produced significant ice accumulation over the western ridges in Somerset County. The freezing rain transitioned to a wintry mix of snow and sleet during the evening and overnight period with a minor accumulation by the morning of the 27th.

140 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East PAZ054-060>062- Berks - Carbon - Eastern Chester - Lehigh - Northampton - Western Chester 101>102 02 1300EST 03 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A pair of quick moving low pressure systems dropped snow across Eastern Pennsylvania from the middle of the afternoon through the evening and into the overnight on the 2nd. While the snowfall was light, the subfreezing temperatures helped it accumulate efficiently and caused untreated roadways to quickly become treacherous. The greatest snowfall (around one to two inches) fell in the western Poconos, western Philadelphia suburbs, the Lehigh Valley and Berks County with generally lesser accumulations elsewhere. The snow began falling during the middle of the afternoon on the 2nd, but took until the early evening to reach the local Philadelphia area. The snow ended from west to east between Midnight EST and 2 a.m. EST on the 3rd. Representative snowfall included 2.2 inches in New London (Chester County) and Slatington (Lehigh County), 2.0 inches in Lehighton (Carbon County), 1.9 inches in Fleetwood (Berks County), 1.7 inches in New Tripoli (Lehigh County) and Summit Hill (Carbon County), 1.6 inches in West Grove (Chester County), 1.5 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport, 1.4 inches in West Caln Township (Chester County) and Mohnton (Berks County), 1.3 inches in Forks Township (Northampton County), 1.0 inch in Perkasie (Bucks County), West Chester (Chester County), Gilbertsville (Montgomery County) and Martins Creek (Northampton County), 0.7 inches in Wayne (Delaware County) and 0.6 inches at the Philadelphia International Airport. The snow was caused by double barrel low pressure systems. First an Alberta Clipper low pressure system that rapidly moved east from near Chicago on the morning of the 2nd, to Lake Erie on the evening of the 2nd. This low pressure system then slowed and weakened as a southern stream low pressure system moved through the Tennessee Valley on the evening of the 2nd and moved through Virginia overnight on the 2nd and intensified as it moved well east of the Middle Atlantic Coast on the 3rd.

PAZ055-071-101- Monroe - Philadelphia - Western Chester - Western Montgomery 103 03 2130EST 2330EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The cold front associated with the weakening Alberta low pressure system triggered snow showers mainly across the Poconos and the local Philadelphia area during the late evening of the 3rd. While snowfall amounts were an inch or less, most of it fell within two hours. Because air temperatures were well below freezing, the snow stuck quickly to untreated surfaces. The snow showers also occurred as the Super Bowl was ending. Representative snowfall included 1.0 inch in Pocono Summit (Monroe County), 0.8 inches in East Nantmeal (Chester County) and Rockledge (Philadelphia County), 0.5 inches in Pottstown (Montgomery County) and 0.1 inches at the Philadelphia International Airport.

08 0030EST 09 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

PAZ105 Upper Bucks 08 0700EST 09 0645EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

PAZ054-062 Carbon - Northampton 08 0930EST 09 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

PAZ060-070>071- Berks - Delaware - Eastern Montgomery - Lehigh - Philadelphia 104 08 0930EST 09 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

PAZ106 Lower Bucks 08 1945EST 09 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An area of low pressure developed across the northern plains on Thursday February 7th, tracking eastward. Meanwhile, another area of low pressure developed along the coast of North Carolina, tracking northeast. Both lows approached the area on Friday February 8th with the coastal low intensifying as it moved toward the northeast. The two lows interacted with one another with the coastal low eventually absorbing the inland low late Friday. The system moved off toward New England on Friday night, moving into the Canadian Maritimes by Saturday afternoon.

141 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

Wind gusts of 30 to 40 mph were recorded across the state with scattered power outages reported. A peak wind speed of 52 mph was recorded at the Mount Pocono Airport (Monroe County).

Precipitation started to spread across the area during the morning hours on Friday February 8th. Areas across the Lehigh Valley and points north started as all snow and remained snow through the entire event. Some areas started as a mix of snow and rain before changing over to all rain during the daytime hours. A changeover to all snow occurred during the evening. Across eastern Pennsylvania, amounts ranged from an inch or less across parts of Chester County and up to 9 inches in the Southern Poconos. Roads became snow covered and slushy, making travel hazardous. Some schools closed early or remained closed on Friday in advance of the storms arrival. Scattered power outages were also reported. While conditions were not as bad through the Philadelphia metro area, there were at least a hundred flights at Philadelphia International Airport that were cancelled due to the storm. Representative snowfall included 9.0 inches in Summit Hill (Carbon County), 8.5 inches in Weatherly (Carbon County), 8.0 inches in Pocono Lake (Monroe County), 7.0 inches in Blakeslee and Emerald Lakes (Monroe County) and Portland (Northampton County), 6.8 inches in Williams Township (Northampton County) and Langhorne (Bucks County), 6.3 inches in Springtown (Bucks County), 5.7 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport in Allentown (Lehigh County), 5.2 inches in Slatington (Lehigh County), 5.0 inches in Fleetwood (Berks County), 4.7 inches in Somerton (Philadelphia County), 3.8 inches in Alburtis (Berks County), 3.4 inches in Blue Bell (Montgomery County), 3.0 inches in Wayne (Delaware County), Northeast Philadelphia (Philadelphia County) and Telford (Montgomery County), 1.5 inches in Drexel Hill (Delaware County), 1.4 inches in Devault (Chester County) and at the Philadelphia International Airport (Philadelphia County) and 1.3 inches in Chester Springs (Chester County).

PAZ054-061>062- Carbon - Lehigh - Lower Bucks - Monroe - Northampton - Upper Bucks - Western Chester - Western 101-103-105>106 Montgomery 11 0230EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An approaching warm front generated a wintry mix of mostly sleet and freezing rain across the Poconos and colder sections of Berks County, the Lehigh Valley and the far northwest Philadelphia suburbs. Ice accretions ranged from a trace to around one tenth of an inch and untreated roadways and walkways were extremely hazardous. Precipitation started between 230 a.m. EST and 4 a.m. EST as sleet over the Poconos and as rain and freezing rain elsewhere (plain rain in the immediate Philadelphia area throughout this event) with some sleet mixed in at times. Temperatures fell toward sunrise and the areas of freezing rain expanded. As warmer air moved in aloft, the sleet changed to freezing rain in the Poconos and as warmer air moved in at the surface elsewhere, precipitation changed to plain rain. Precipitation ended as freezing rain late that morning in the Poconos and as plain rain elsewhere. The wintry mix was caused by an approaching warm front associated with a strong low pressure system that moved through the Great Lakes on the 11th. A weaker low pressure system formed on the warm front in New Jersey and slowed the progression of warmer air near the surface.

PAZ054-060>062- Berks - Carbon - Delaware - Eastern Chester - Eastern Montgomery - Lehigh - Lower Bucks - Monroe - 070>071-101>106 Northampton - Philadelphia - Upper Bucks - Western Chester - Western Montgomery 13 1800EST 14 0100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An area of low pressure developed over Alabama and Georgia early in the morning on the 13th and tracked northeastward to the Mid Atlantic coast by the evening, passing just south of the Delmarva Peninsula. This system brought a mixture of rain and snow to eastern Pennsylvania, with snowfall totals ranging from a few tenths of an inch in urban areas and lower elevations to around 3 inches over the higher terrain. Precipitation began falling around 600 p.m. EST across southeastern parts of the state, with light rain at the onset around the Delaware Valley and light snow over the higher terrain in Chester County. The precipitation spread northward through the evening of the 13th, with locations from the Delaware Valley to the Lehigh Valley and Poconos reporting snow by 800 p.m. EST. As low pressure tracked northeast and away from the Mid Atlantic coast, the snow gradually ended across eastern Pennsylvania between 1100 p.m. EST on the 13th and 100 a.m. EST on the 14th. County and municipal road departments commenced salt and sanding operations during the evening to overnight hours, with most primary roads remaining clear during the event and some secondary roads becoming snow covered. No significant weather related traffic accidents were reported, but a limited number of delayed school openings were reported across the region on the morning of the 14th. Snowfall totals across eastern Pennsylvania from this event are as follows: 3.6 inches in Malvern (Chester County), 3.0 inches in Lake Harmony (Carbon County) and Williams Township (Northampton County), 2.8 inches in Fleetwood (Berks County), 2.5 inches in Elverson (Chester County) and Tobyhanna (Monroe County) and in West Rockhill Township (Bucks County) and Skippack (Montgomery County) and also Wayne (Delaware County), 2.2 inches in East Nantmeal Township (Chester County) and Alburtis (Berks County) and Springtown (Bucks County), 2.0 inches in Honey Brook (Chester County) and Hilltown Township (Bucks County) and in Gilbertsville (Montgomery County) and Havertown (Delaware County), 1.5 inches in Albrightsville (Carbon County) and Harleysville (Montgomery County), 1.0 inches in Bethlehem (Northampton County) and Eagleville (Montgomery County), 0.5 inches in Drexel Hill (Delaware County), 0.3 inches in Rockledge (Philadelphia County), 0.2 inches at the Philadelphia International Airport (Philadelphia County), and 0.1 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport in Allentown (Lehigh County).

142 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East PAZ054-060>062- Berks - Carbon - Lehigh - Monroe - Northampton - Western Chester 101 15 2000EST 16 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A mainly elevation driven snow affected higher terrain locations from Chester County northeastward through the Poconos during the evening and overnight on the 15th. While precipitation changed to snow throughout the area, the relatively warm weather (and high temperatures as precipitation started) the day before made it difficult for much snow to accumulate in the valleys. But, in the higher terrain snowfalls of 2 to 4 inches fell and made for slippery travel on untreated or unplowed roadways. Snowfall rates of at least an inch per hour occurred. In the higher terrain of the Poconos, precipitation fell as snow throughout the event from the middle of the evening on the 15th into the early morning on the 16th. Elsewhere, precipitation started as rain by the middle of the evening on the 15th, but changed to snow quickly over the higher terrain and late in the evening elsewhere. Representative snowfall included 4.0 inches in Williams Township (Northampton County), 2.3 inches in Pocono Summit (Monroe County), 2.0 inches in Summit Hill and Lake Harmony in Carbon County and Huffs Church in Berks County, 1.8 inches in Honey Brook (Chester County), 1.7 inches in Mohnton (Berks County), 1.4 inches in Fleetwood (Berks County), 0.9 inches in Macungie (Lehigh County) and only a trace at the Lehigh Valley International Airport. The snow was triggered by the passage of a cold front across Eastern Pennsylvania during the late afternoon and early evening of the 15th. The upper air support for the front was hanging farther to the west over the Great Lakes and coupled with some very weak waves of low pressure along the boundary generated the precipitation in the colder air after the front passed.

PAZ070-106 Delaware - Lower Bucks - Philadelphia 17 1200EST 2100EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A rapidly intensifying ocean storm that moved south to north on the 17th and reached Novas Scotia during the late afternoon produced strong gusty northwest winds during the afternoon and into the first half of the evening in the local Philadelphia area. Peak wind gusts averaged around 45 mph and knocked down weak tree limbs and wires. Peak wind gusts included 49 mph in Newtown Square (Delaware County), 45 mph at the Northeast Philadelphia Airport and 44 mph in Newbold (Bucks County). The ocean storm was too far to the east to affect other parts of Eastern Pennsylvania with strong winds.

PAZ054-060>062 Berks - Carbon - Lehigh - Monroe - Northampton 19 1100EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An approaching cold front helped trigger snow and sleet over the Poconos and a snow to rain mixture in Berks County and the Lehigh Valley mainly during the late morning and afternoon of the 19th Snowfall averaged 1 to 3 inches and was more dependent on where the heavier precipitation fell vs just occurring in higher terrain locations. The snow fell moderately at times in the Poconos during the early afternoon. The snow caused traffic accidents and some were reported along Interstate 78 near Kutztown in Berks County. Snow (started briefly as rain in parts of Berks County) began during the late morning on the 19th. As a warmer southwest flow persisted at both the surface and aloft, the snow changed to rain during the first half of the afternoon in Berks County and the Lehigh Valley. Precipitation though continued to fall as snow in the Poconos until it ended during the late afternoon. Representative snowfall included 3.1 inches in Tobyhanna (Monroe County), 3.0 inches in Swiftwater (Monroe County), 2.5 inches in Summit Hill (Carbon County), 2.3 inches in Pocono Summit (Monroe County), 2.0 inches in Saylorsburg (Monroe County) and Wind Gap (Northampton County), 1.8 inches in Slatington (Lehigh County) and Jim Thorpe (Carbon County), 1.5 inches in Bushkill Township (Northampton County) and Nazareth (Northampton County), 1.3 inches in New Tripoli (Lehigh County) and 0.4 inches in Fleetwood (Berks County). The precipitation was caused by a cold front associated with a low pressure system that moved through the Great Lakes on the 19th. The front itself cleared Eastern Pennsylvania around 7 p.m. EST on the 19th and around a six hour period of precipitation preceded its passage.

23 1200EST 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

PAZ055 Monroe 23 1200EST 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

143 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

The combination of a low pressure system that moved off the North Carolina coast and an occluded front that moved through Pennsylvania overnight produced pockets of freezing rain over the higher terrain of the Poconos during the afternoon and early evening on the 23rd. Pockets of dense fog over the higher terrain also occurred with temperatures around the freezing mark. Untreated roadways were hazardous. Ice accretions averaged less than one tenth of an inch. While the Poconos were only near the periphery of the precipitation, a high pressure system passing across the Canadian Maritimes kept sufficient cold air near the surface to have precipitation fall as freezing rain in the higher terrain.

PAZ054-055 Carbon - Monroe 26 1700EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system that moved from Texas northeast across southern New Jersey brought a wintry mix of precipitation to the Poconos and affected the higher terrain plateau the most on the 26th into the 27th. While valley locations changed over to rain relatively quickly, the change to plain rain over the plateau did not occur until near the end of the event. Snow accumulations were 1 to 2 inches on the plateau but only traces in the valleys while ice accumulations on the plateau averaged two tenths to four tenths of an inch. The combination made for hazardous traveling conditions, but resulted in only isolated power outages. Precipitation started as snow in all areas during the late afternoon of the 26th and changed to sleet over the higher terrain later that evening and to rain in the valleys. Around Midnight EST on the 27th, the sleet changed to freezing rain over the higher terrain and the freezing rain changed to rain around sunrise on the 27th. The steady rain ended during the middle of the morning on the 27th. Representative snowfall included 1.8 inches in Tobyhanna (Monroe County) and 1.0 inch in Pocono Summit (Monroe County). Representative ice accumulations included 0.4 inches in Summit Hill (Carbon County). The low pressure system that produced the wintry mix over the higher terrain moved from Texas on the morning of the 25th east into Alabama on the morning of the 26th. The low pressure system then moved northeast and reached central North Carolina during the early evening on the 26th, northern Delaware at 7 a.m. EST on the 27th, near New York City at 1 p.m. EST on the 27th and just south of Rhode Island at 7 p.m. EST on the 27th. The counterclockwise circulation around the low pressure combined with a high pressure system over Maine and the Canadian Maritimes to keep cold air in place at the surface on the plateau.

PENNSYLVANIA, Northeast

PAZ039-072 Northern Wayne - Southern Wayne - Susquehanna 08 1600EST 09 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

As a northern system merged with a coastal storm, a period of heavy snow fell across portions of Northeast Pennsylvania late February 8 into early February 9. Amounts generally ranged from 5 to 10 inches.

PENNSYLVANIA, Northwest

PAZ002-003 Crawford - Southern Erie 01 0000EST 2100EST 0 0 150.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

An arctic cold front moved across the Upper Ohio Valley early on January 31st. Cold westerly winds behind the cold front caused lake effect snow showers to develop before daybreak on the 31st. The snow showers intensified around midday with periods of moderate to heavy snow during the afternoon and evening hours. Visibilities were near zero at times with snowfall rates approaching two inches per hour. The westerly winds gusted in excess of 30 mph causing much blowing and drifting. Intermittent snow continued into the 1st with the snow shower activity diminishing from west to east during the evening. Snowfall totals ranged from 6 to 10 inches over most of inland Erie County and northern Crawford County. In Crawford County, a peak total of 22.3 inches was reported at Conneautville with as much as 12.5 inches in the Meadville area. In Erie County, peak totals of 12 inches were reported at Franklin Center and to the south of North East.

PAZ001-002 Northern Erie - Southern Erie 03 1000EST 04 1600EST 0 0 150.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

144 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, Northwest

Cold northwest winds blowing across Lake Erie caused lake effect snow showers to develop around midday on February 3rd. The snow showers intensified during the afternoon and evening hours. Visibilities at times were less than a quarter mile. The snow showers were intermittent on the 4th and finally dissipated during the afternoon hours. Snow accumulations of 6 to 10 inches were reported across Erie County. A peak total of 14.5 inches was reported south of North East. Officially, 9.2 inches of snow was measured at Erie International Airport on the 3rd and 4th.

19 1500EST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K Winter Storm 20

PAZ002 Southern Erie 19 1500EST 0 0 75.0K 0.00K Winter Storm 20 Cold northwest winds blowing across Lake Erie caused lake effect snow showers to develop during the afternoon hours of February 19th. The snow showers intensified during the evening hours of the 19th and early morning hours of the 20th. Visibilities at times were less than a quarter mile with snowfall rates in excess of an inch per hour. Westerly winds gusted to as much 30 mph during this event and caused much blowing and drifting. Accumulations of 6 to 10 inches were reported over most of Erie County. A peak total of 11 inches was reported south of North East with 10.7 inches at Franklin Center and 9.1 inches in Erie. Several accidents were reported and travel along Interstate 90 was hampered by this event.

RHODE ISLAND

RIZ001>004-006> Eastern Kent - Newport - Northwest Providence - Southeast Providence - Washington - Western Kent 007 08 0900EST 09 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

RIZ001-005-007 Bristol - Newport - Northwest Providence - Southeast Providence

08 1700EST 09 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

RIZ004-006 Eastern Kent - Washington 08 2000EST 2130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

An historic winter storm deposited tremendous amounts of snow over all of southern New England, mainly from the mid- afternoon on Friday, February 8 and lasting into the daylight hours of Saturday, February 9. What made this an amazing storm was the widespread coverage of heavy snowfall. Most locations received 2 to 2.5 feet of snow! Isolated thunderstorms were common across the entire region during the height of the storm. A low pressure system advancing from the Great Lakes region combined forces with a very moist low pressure system moving northeast from the Gulf Coast states. Explosive deepening took place Friday evening, February 8, as a low center moved from the North Carolina coast to south of Nantucket. Strong high pressure to the north of New England helped ensure that cold air remained in place over the area. Snowfall gained intensity during the afternoon, but during the night, 2 to 3 inch per hour amounts were common throughout the region. Snow ended in the morning in western and central MA, southwest NH, most of CT and RI, and in the early afternoon across eastern MA. The Blizzard of 2013 also produced a prolonged period of very strong winds Friday night along the MA and RI coasts. Gusts exceeded hurricane force (74 mph) at a few locations. Gale force gusts (to 50 mph) continued on the MA coast through Saturday afternoon. The strong winds, combined with a wet snow, led to extensive power outages from downed trees and wires in southeast coastal MA and in southern RI. Elsewhere, farther inland, the snow became drier and did not cling to trees like it did along the south and southeast coast of New England. Some wind gusts included: 76 mph at Logan Intl. Airport (Boston, MA), 75 mph at Bedford, MA, 77 mph at Hyannis, MA and 68 mph in Jamestown, RI. Damaging gusts to 60 mph were recorded as far west as Worcester County, MA. Wind gusts of 35 to 50 mph were common elsewhere in southern New England. Minor tidal flooding occurred along the south coasts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island during times of high tide Friday night and Saturday morning. The Providence Journal reported that almost 170 people sought treatment for storm-related heart attacks, falls, and other injuries related to the storm at Lifespan network hospitals (which includes 4 major Rhode Island hospitals). In addition 10 people were hospitalized with carbon monoxide poisoning. No further information was available.

145 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

RHODE ISLAND RIZ001-004>005 Bristol - Eastern Kent - Northwest Providence - Southeast Providence

17 0300EST 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strengthening ocean storm spread advisory level snow across much of southern New England.

SOUTH CAROLINA, Central

SCZ015-021>022- Chesterfield - Fairfield - Kershaw - Lancaster - Lee 029 16 1800EST 2030EST 0 0 9.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

A cold front moved through SC Saturday Feb. 16 producing rain which changed to snow in the northern Midlands and upper Pee Dee area. Most areas received around an inch of snow but some isolated areas in Lancaster, Kershaw, and Lee counties received 1 to 3 inches of snow in thunder snow showers. The convective band of snow was generally along and just west of SC Hwy 341 from Heath Springs to Bishopville.

SOUTH CAROLINA, North Coastal Florence County 3 N Ebenezer 26 1809EST 1810EST 0 0 52.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Several trees were reported down along a right of way between Ebenezer Road and Hoffmeyer Road. Some of the trees were reportedly rotted near their bases. The tops of a couple healthy pine trees were snapped. Some of the trees fell across large power transmission lines causing serious damage and a significant power outage. At the peak of the outage, there were reportedly 14,000 people without power. The time was estimated based on radar data.

The triple point of a low pressure system passed just to the northwest of the area and helped to drag a cold front across the Pee Dee Region of South Carolina during the evening. A small, elongated cluster of low-topped showers and thunderstorms formed along the front as it began moving across the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

SOUTH CAROLINA, Northwest

SCZ001>003 Greenville Mountains - Oconee Mountains - Pickens Mountains 02 1100EST 03 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Light snow developed across the mountains during the late morning and continued off and on through much of the day. Snow tapered off during the evening, but redeveloped for a short period of time during the morning of the 3rd. Total accumulations generally ranged from 1-4 inches.

SCZ003-006>008- Cherokee - Greater Greenville - Greenville Mountains - Spartanburg - Union 013 16 1200EST 1700EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Scattered snow showers developed near the Blue Ridge during the afternoon, and quickly moved east. The showers produced snowfall rates of an inch or more per hour, resulting in quick accumulations of up to an inch across portions of the mountains and the foothills. Locally higher amounts occurred in eastern portions of the area.

SCZ009-014 Chester - York 16 1600EST 1900EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

Snow showers increased in coverage and intensity as they moved out of the foothills into the Piedmont during the mid- afternoon hours. Snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour were common, and occasional thunder and lightning were also observed. Despite the brief nature of the snowfall, widespread accumulations of 2 to 4 inches fell across the area, with some locally higher amounts.

146 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH CAROLINA, South Coastal Beaufort County 4 ENE Pritchard 26 0959EST 1159EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

The media reported the entrance ramp to Highway 170 and Highway 278 closed due to high water.

An area of widespread light to moderate rain moved across much of southeast South Carolina and southeast Georgia during the overnight and early morning hours. Increased rainfall rates within embedded thunderstorms caused excessive amounts and eventually flash flooding around Beaufort.

Charleston County 1 ESE Citadel 26 1030EST 1130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

The roadway was blocked off at Drake Street and Amherst Street due to high water.

Berkeley County 2 S Carnes Xrd 26 1100EST 2 WSW Mt Holly 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Roads flooded and impassable in College Park Estates due to heavy rainfall.

An area of widespread light to moderate rain moved across much of southeast South Carolina and southeast Georgia during the overnight and early morning hours. Increased rainfall rates within embedded thunderstorms caused excessive amounts and eventually flash flooding around the Charleston metro area.

SOUTH DAKOTA, Central and North

SDZ003>006-008> Brown - Buffalo - Campbell - Clark - Codington - Corson - Deuel - Dewey - Edmunds - Faulk - Grant - 010-015>023-033> Hamlin - Hand - Hughes - Hyde - Jones - Lyman - McPherson - Potter - Roberts - Spink - Stanley - Sully - 037-045-048-051 Walworth 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

The severe to exceptional drought conditions continued across most of central and northeast South Dakota throughout February. A significant blizzard in early February brought from 1 to 2 feet of snow to northeast South Dakota into central South Dakota helping the drought situation. The counties in the northeast went from severe to extreme drought at the end of January to generally moderate drought by the mid week of February as a result of the blizzard. The counties in exceptional drought were Stanley, Jones, and Lyman. Extreme drought covered Dewey, Sully, Potter, Hughes, Buffalo, and southern Hand and Hyde counties. Walworth, Campbell, Corson, Mcpherson, Edmunds, and western Faulk remained in severe drought through the end of the month. Areas mainly west of the Missouri River did not receive as much moisture during February. In fact, north central South Dakota was generally below normal for precipitation. Calculated soil moisture deficits continued to range from 2 to 4 inches. Winter wheat continued to generally be rated from very poor to fair across the region.

SDZ005>011-015> Brown - Buffalo - Clark - Codington - Day - Deuel - Dewey - Edmunds - Faulk - Grant - Hamlin - Hand - 023-033>037-045- Hughes - Hyde - Jones - Lyman - Marshall - McPherson - Potter - Roberts - Spink - Stanley - Sully - 048-051 Walworth 10 0847CST 11 0800CST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A very strong low pressure area moving across the region brought widespread heavy snow of 6 to as much as 19 inches. Along with the heavy snow came very strong winds of 30 to 50 mph causing widespread blowing and drifting snow. Roads, highways, along with Interstates 29 and 90 were closed for a time. Schools started late or were closed on Monday the 11th. A man died from exposure when he left his vehicle after he became stranded about three miles west of Redfield. Some snowfall amounts included; 6 inches at Murdo; 7 inches at Kennebec and Onida; 8 inches east of Hayes and Bowdle; 9 inches at Roscoe; 10 inches at Watertown, Miller, Clear Lake, Doland, and Highmore; and 11 inches at Castlewood. Locations with a foot or more of snow included; 12 inches at Clark and Ipswich; 13 inches at Columbia and Aberdeen; 14 inches at Milbank and Faulkton; 15 inches at Waubay; 16 inches at Britton and Victor; 17 inches at Sisseton, Summit, and Wilmot; 18 inches at Webster; and 19 inches three miles west of Sisseton. The highest wind gust was 48 mph at Pierre during the late afternoon of the 10th. The snow began between 8 pm and Midnight on the 9th and ended in the late afternon of the 10th across central South Dakota and around noon on the 11th across the northeast.

147 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH DAKOTA, Central and North SDZ005>008-010> Brown - Clark - Codington - Day - Deuel - Edmunds - Faulk - Grant - Hamlin - Hand - Marshall - 011-017>023-037 McPherson - Roberts - Spink 18 0930CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An Arctic front dropping in behind an exiting low pressure area brought some scattered light snow showers, very strong winds of 30 to 50 mph, along with widespread blowing snow. With the deep existing snow cover along with the new snowfall, ground blizzard conditions occurred from the late morning to the evening across much of northeast South Dakota. Additional amounts from a trace up to an inch occurred. Frequent whiteout conditions brought extremely hazardous travel, with travel not advised along with several roads closed. Many mortorists were stranded and had to be rescued. Several schools were closed early and opened late on Tuesday the 19th. The highest wind gust was 47 mph at Hayti and Summit. In part due to the low visibility and blowing snow, a van and a semi collided on U.S. Highway 281 two miles south of Warner around 11 am on the 18th. A women and her 2 children were taken to the hospital with non life threatening injuries.

SOUTH DAKOTA, Southeast

SDZ038>040-050- Aurora - Beadle - Bon Homme - Brookings - Brule - Charles Mix - Clay - Davison - Douglas - Gregory - 052>071 Hanson - Hutchinson - Jerauld - Kingsbury - Lake - Lincoln - McCook - Miner - Minnehaha - Moody - Sanborn - Turner - Union - Yankton 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Drought conditions continued over all of southeast South Dakota in February, despite precipitation which was a little above normal. The excess of a few tenths of an inch in the driest month of the year did little to relieve the long term dry soil conditions. There was little noted in the way of new effects of the drought, with the dry conditions giving a poor outlook for the Spring and Summer, including the poor germination of the winter wheat crop during the dry fall. Water restrictions continued to be few during the winter because of the low water usage, but the area was deemed vulnerable to even marginally dry weather if it developed in the spring and summer. Drought was generally listed as continued severe to exceptional for the area, with the northern edge of the area, generally from Huron to Brookings, making a slight improvement to severe because of greater snowfall and snow cover during the month.

SDZ038>040-050- Aurora - Beadle - Bon Homme - Brookings - Brule - Charles Mix - Davison - Douglas - Gregory - Hanson - 052>065-068 Hutchinson - Jerauld - Kingsbury - Lake - McCook - Miner - Minnehaha - Moody - Sanborn

10 1100CST 11 1200CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

SDZ066-069 Lincoln - Turner - Yankton 10 1700CST 11 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Variable snowfall of 2 to 8 inches, northwest winds gusting to 45 mph, and snow cover existing before the storm in part of the area, produced blizzard conditions with visibilities below a quarter mile in blowing snow in many areas. The low visibilities and drifting snow forced some businesses to close, and also forced several school closings on Monday February 11th. The blizzard closed many roads, including Interstates 90 and 29.

SDZ061-065-069 Hutchinson - McCook - Minnehaha - Yankton 21 1600CST 22 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

SDZ066-070>071 Clay - Lincoln - Turner - Union 21 1700CST 22 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snow accumulated 6 to 10 inches during the night of February 21st and morning of February 22nd. The snowfall was accompanied by light to moderate winds. Classes at several schools were delayed or cancelled for February 22nd.

148 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH DAKOTA, West SDZ001-002 Harding - Perkins 02 1100MST 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A tight pressure gradient over the region produced gusty northwest winds. The strongest winds occurred over far northwestern South Dakota, where wind gusts over 60 mph were recorded from Buffalo to Lemmon.

SDZ042 Shannon 09 2000MST 10 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

SDZ025 Northern Foot Hills 09 2000MST 10 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

SDZ031-043>044- Bennett - Haakon - Jackson - Mellette - Pennington Co Plains 046 09 2100MST 10 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

SDZ024-028-072 Central Black Hills - Northern Black Hills - Sturgis/Piedmont Foothills

09 2200MST 10 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

SDZ047-049 Todd - Tripp 10 0000CST 11 0200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong storm system developed across the Central Rockies and moved across the Central Plains. The track of the storm brought the heaviest snow across southern South Dakota. North to northwest wind gusts to 50 mph also developed as the system passed to the south. The combination of snow and wind produced blizzard conditions at times across southwestern into south central South Dakota. Snowfall amounts of three to six inches were common across the area, with as much as eight inches across Tripp County. Upslope enhanced snowfall across the northern Black Hills produced six to 12 inches of accumulation.

SDZ024 Northern Black Hills 13 1400MST 14 1300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Upslope-enhanced snow developed over the northern Black Hills after a cold front passage. Four to eight inches of snow fell across the higher elevations of the Black Hills with ten inches of snow reported near O'Neill Pass.

SDZ001-031>032 Haakon - Harding - Pennington Co Plains - Perkins 14 0500MST 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A tight pressure gradient developed over the region behind an exiting low pressure system. North to northwest winds increased over the northwestern South Dakota plains during the morning, with sustained winds of 30 to 45 mph and gusts near 60 mph.

SDZ047-049 Todd - Tripp 21 0000CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A storm system moved across the Central Plains, with the northern edge of precipitation over south central South Dakota. The system produced three to six inches of snow across far south central South Dakota.

149 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, Central

TNZ032>034-065> Cumberland - Fentress - Grundy - Overton - Putnam - Warren - White 066-078>079 01 0000CST 0400CST 0 0 Winter Weather

As a continuation of an event that started during the late evening hours on Thursday, January 31st, a low pressure system that had swept rapidly southeastward from the Ohio River Valley across the Tennessee Valley during the late evening hours on Thursday, January 31st, bringing with it a band of snow showers that had impacted mainly central portions of Middle Tennessee that evening, began the process of moving quickly eastward across the remainder of the mid state through the early morning hours on Friday, February 1st, as temperatures fell further into the 20s.

TNZ009-027-033> Bedford - Davidson - Fentress - Giles - Macon - Overton - Rutherford - Williamson - Wilson 034-059-062-075- 095 02 0400CST 03 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Another round of snowfall moved into Middle Tennessee during the early morning hours of February 2 and spread across the area into the morning hours on February 3. Temperatures warmed above freezing and changed the snow over to rain across much of Middle Tennessee during the day on February 2, but the Cumberland Plateau area remained below freezing and no changeover occurred. Snowfall amounts up to 2 inches were reported in several area, with significant impacts to travel due to snow on roadways. Humphreys County Hurricane Mills 21 1930CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Lightning

Lightning reportedly struck a food building at the Loretta Lynn Ranch in Hurricane Mills, and the resulting fire destroyed the structure. Widespread rain with a few embedded thunderstorms spread across Middle Tennessee during the evening hours of February 23. Lightning from one storm in Humphreys County reportedly struck a food building at the Loretta Lynn Ranch in Hurricane Mills, and the resulting fire destroyed the structure.

TNZ066-077-079 Coffee - Cumberland - Grundy 26 0100CST 0206CST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K High Wind

A small but intense area of low pressure moved northeastward across the Cumberland Plateau during the early morning hours of February 26. Strong southeast winds measured at 40 to 60 mph caused considerable wind damage across the region.

TENNESSEE, East

TNZ043-072-074 Blount/Smoky Mountains - Sevier/Smoky Mountains - Southeast Greene - Washington

10 1900EST 11 0300EST 0 0 33.0K 0.00K High Wind

An area of low pressure tracked through the region producing an increasing pressure gradient over the area. As a result a high wind formed on the 10th. The highest wind was reported across the higher elevation where wind gusts up to 85 mph were measured at the wind tower at Cove Mountain near Gatlinburg. Another gust of 85 mph was measured at the wind tower at the Camp Creek Elementary School in Camp Creek. The wind downed numerous trees.

TNZ043-074 Sevier/Smoky Mountains - Southeast Greene 18 2115EST 19 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A cold front tracked through the region producing high non-convective mountain waves over mainly the higher elevations. Wind gusts of 74 mph were measured at the Cove Mountain wind tower near Gatlinburg. In addition a wind gust of 72 mph was measured at the Camp Creek Elementary School in Camp Creek.

TNZ017-040>041- Blount/Smoky Mountains - Cocke/Smoky Mountains - Johnson - Northwest Carter - Northwest Cocke - 043>047-072-074- Sevier/Smoky Mountains - Southeast Carter - Southeast Greene - Southeast Monroe - Sullivan - Unicoi - 087 Washington 26 0800EST 1630EST 0 0 92.0K 0.00K High Wind

150 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, East

A deep area of low pressure moved into the region increasing the pressure gradient resulting in high non-thunderstorm wind over the area. The damaging wind was primarily across the higher elevations and foothills. Numerous trees and powerlines were downed by the wind. A few buildings were also damaged. Measured wind gusts of 71 mph was recorded at the Cove Mountain wind tower. In addition, a gust of 64 mph was measured at the wind tower at the UT Biology Field Station at Greenbrier. Finally, a wind gust of 58 mph was measured at the wind tower at the Camp Creek Elementary School in Camp Creek.

TENNESSEE, South Central

TNZ076-096-097 Franklin - Lincoln - Moore 02 0700CST 0909CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A fast moving upper level storm system brought a quick burst of light to moderate snow and sleet to the area. Snowfall amounts ranged from a dusting to two inches. The combination of light to moderate snow and sleet produced icy conditions on area roads.

TENNESSEE, West Decatur County 1 NNE Parsons Scott Arpt 10 1155CST 1156CST 0 1 0.00K 0.00K Lightning

A woman was struck by lightning while lifting the garage door of a storage unit and suffered a minor injury to her right arm.

An occluded front moved through West Tennessee during the afternoon hours of February 10, 2013 along with widespread showers and a few thunderstorms. A thunderstorm in Decatur County produced lightning that resulted in a minor injury.

TEXAS, Central

TXZ049-054-064> Brown - Callahan - Coke - Fisher - Haskell - Irion - Jones - Kimble - Mason - McCulloch - Menard - Nolan 066-071>072-077> - Runnels - San Saba - Schleicher - Shackelford - Sterling - Sutton - Taylor - Throckmorton - Tom Green 078-098>099-113> 114-127>128-140- 154>155-168>170 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

The drought ranged from extreme to exceptional mainly north of Interstate 20. This region has experienced the brunt of the drought since February 2011. The drought continued to expand over the remainder of West Central Texas.

Tom Green County 1 S Pecan Station 10 0001CST 0004CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Golf ball size hail was reported at the intersection of FM 584 and U.S. Highway 277.

Coleman County Coleman 10 0045CST 0049CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Schleicher County 2 NE El Dorado Muni Arpt 10 0045CST 0050CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Concho County 1 E Eden 10 0100CST 0103CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A law enforcement official reported an estimated wind gust to 60 MPH.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

151 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Central Brown County 1 WNW Woodland Hgts 10 0144CST 0148CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

A cold front and an upper level disturbance triggered a few severe thunderstorms across West Central Texas. The storms produced a few reports of large hail and strong winds across the Concho Valley.

Jones County 1 WNW Anson 12 0218CST 0222CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Jones County Hamlin 12 0245CST 0249CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

An upper level low moved across the area, resulting in scattered showers and thunderstorms. A few of these storms became strong and produced small hail.

TXZ065-071>073- Brown - Coke - Concho - Crockett - Irion - Schleicher - Tom Green 076>077-140 25 1100CST 1410CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds of 55 to 65 mph produced widespread wind damage across a large part of West Central Texas. A strong surface low pressure system that moved east across North Texas caused these high winds.

TEXAS, Central Southeast Polk County 3 W Soda 10 0915CST 0920CST 0.51 30 0 1 50.00K Tornado (EF0)

Deputy witnessed funnel cloud. Tornado touched down near a travel trailer which was lifted off the ground, thrown and destroyed. Occupant of trailer was injured as he was exiting trailer when tornado hit. Tornado appeared to lift then touch down again about one half mile later with numerous large trees uprooted and snapped along a path to the east of the initial touch down.

Polk County 2 ENE Livingston 10 0917CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A line of severe thunderstorms downed trees along Highway 190 east of Livingston.

Thunderstorms that formed along a cold front produced a tornado that destroyed a trailer and injured a man, and strong straight line winds that downed trees. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

San Jacinto County 3 ESE Napier 18 1403CST 1406CST 0.57 30 0 0 150.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado produced extensive damage to the roof, garage and front door area of a brick home. An adjacent barn was destroyed. The damage path extended a little over one half mile with downed trees observed along a path on either side of the brick home. A witness from about 200 yards away observed the tornado damaging the home.

Chambers County 4 NNE Monroe City 18 1756CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

A brief funnel cloud was sighted by a driver on Interstate 10 between Winnie and Hankamer.

Isolated thunderstorms formed along a boundary. The strongest storm produced a tornado.

152 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Central Southeast Houston County 1 W Crockett 21 1107CST 0 0 2.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Thunderstorms generated strong winds that caused minor structural damage at a lumber yard. Also, tree limbs were downed across Crockett. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Polk County 1 N Goodrich 21 1216CST 0 0 10.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Thunderstorm winds severely damaged a barn. Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Polk County 2 NNE Goodrich 21 1219CST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Thunderstorm winds downed trees along Windham Ranch Road. Showers and thunderstorms formed along a pre-frontal trough that produced damaging winds. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. TEXAS, Extreme West

TXZ421-424 Rio Grande Valley Of Eastern Hudspeth County - Salt Basin - Southern Hudspeth Highlands

01 0000MST 28 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Severe drought continued across Eastern Hudspth County through the month.

TXZ419 Eastern/central El Paso County 09 1300MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A Pacific storm system that lifted northeast over the four corners region managed to drag a cold front across the region. Strong southwesterly winds formed just ahead of the front. As stronger winds aloft mixed down to the surface high winds and blowing dust occurred across the area.

20 1200MST 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A vigorous upper level storm system with winds aloft in excess of 120 knots slowly worked it's way from southern California eastwards to southern New Mexico and West Texas. Over the course of two days a strong surface pressure gradient developed in association with this system that induced strong southwest and westerly surface winds. In addition the strong winds aloft mixed down to the surface to enhance the gust potential during this time frame.

TXZ418-419 Eastern/central El Paso County - Western El Paso County 24 1100MST 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

An upper level storm system passing over central New Mexico allowed for a strong upper level jet to pass over southern New Mexico and far west Texas. A combination of deep mixing and a deepening lee side trough over eastern New Mexico lead to an afternoon of very strong west and southwest winds along with lots of blowing dust.

TEXAS, Mid-South

TXZ231>233-239> Bee - Duval - Goliad - Jim Wells - Kleberg - Live Oak - Nueces - Refugio - San Patricio - Webb 244-246 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Although temperatures remained above normal for the month of February across South Texas, the region north of a line from Encinal to Rockport received beneficial rainfall during the month. The southern portions of the region from the western Brush Country to the southern Coastal Bend received well below normal rainfall for the month.

153 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Mid-South

Some areas in the northern Brush Country and northern Coastal Bend regions received rainfall amounts between 3 and 4 inches. However, the southern portions of the Brush Country and Coastal Bend received between a quarter and a half of an inch of rainfall. The severe to extreme drought persisted over southern portions of the Brush Country eastward into the coastal plains with exceptional drought continuing over the inland portions of the Coastal Bend counties of Kleberg, Nueces, San Patricio, and Jim Wells. Mandatory water restrictions continued during the month for the city of Corpus Christi as the combined lake capacity levels remained below 40 percent. The city of Portland continued under mandatory water restrictions. The cities of Victoria and Laredo remained under voluntary water restrictions. Different stages of water restrictions continued for Beeville, Point Comfort, Alice, and King Ranch Santa Gertrudis District. Water restrictions were implemented for the cities of Taft and Odem during the month. Areas in exceptional drought across the Coastal Bend were plagued with little to no subsurface soil moisture. Very few farmers fertilized fields since there was very limited soil moisture to sustain a crop. Ranchers continued to supplement feeding of livestock. With most stock tanks dry in Webb County, ranchers had only very lightly stocked herds with some destocking their herds completely. Refugio County 2 WNW Bonnie View 06 1050CST 1115CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rainfall produced flooding in southern Refugio County with water over the roadways around the intersection of Farm to Market Roads 1360 and 3037 in the Bonnieview area. Scattered thunderstorms formed over South Texas during the early morning hours as a strong upper level disturbance approached from northern Mexico. A complex of thunderstorms organized over the northern Brush Country and moved east into northern portions of the Coastal Bend. The thunderstorms produced a damaging microburst in the community of Skidmore in southern Bee County. Thunderstorms produced very heavy rainfall later in the morning across portions of the Coastal Bend producing localized flooding in southern Refugio County.

Webb County 11 NW Callaghan 11 0240CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

U.S. Border Patrol at U. S. Highway 83 checkpoint north of Laredo reported quarter sized hail.

Webb County 8 E Callaghan 11 0245CST 0255CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

CoCoRaHS observer reported golf ball sized hail at Callaghan Ranch which lasted around 10 minutes.

Webb County 8 E Callaghan 11 0245CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

CoCoRaHS observer reported branches were blown off trees at Callaghan Ranch. The diameter of the tree branches was around 8 inches. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Webb County 19 E Callaghan 11 0300CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

CoCoRaHS observer reported golf ball sized hail on Callaghan Ranch.

Webb County 19 E Callaghan 11 0300CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

CoCoRaHS observer reported severe roof damage to a 5000 square foot warehouse on Callaghan Ranch. Deer blinds were blown over and shingles were blown off of a home also.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Duval County 1 N Freer 11 0340CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

The public reported quarter to golf ball sized hail just north of the city of Freer. The hail depth on the ground was 3 inches.

154 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Mid-South Duval County 1 N Freer 11 0340CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG) NWS storm survey concluded winds up to 60 mph swept through the city of Freer. The survey team observed damage to a couple of structures with their roof blown off. Several large trees were blown down. One house under construction with just the wood frame collapsed. Several tin sheds were damaged along with a few fences blown down.

Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms formed over the Brush Country ahead of a cold front and assisted by a strong upper level disturbance coming out of Mexico. Some of the storms produced quarter to golf ball sized hail and damaging wind gusts across Webb and Duval Counties during the early morning hours of February 11th. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

TXZ232 Bee 25 1155CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

TXZ242-243 Kleberg - Nueces 25 1330CST 1800CST 0 0 155.0K 0.00K Wildfire

TXZ241>244 Jim Wells - Kleberg - Nueces - San Patricio 25 1542CST 1643CST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K High Wind

An intense upper level low pressure system moved across the state of Texas on February 25th. As the system translated to the east, a cold front moved through South Texas during the morning hours. Northwest winds became very strong in the afternoon across the entire region. Sustained winds ranged from 35 to 45 mph with gusts to around 50 mph for most of South Texas. But in the Coastal Bend, winds were even higher with sustained winds ranging from 45 to 55 mph with gusts to near 65 mph. These higher winds produced significant areas of blowing dust. Visibilities were reduced to less than a quarter of a mile in localized areas across San Patricio, Nueces, and Kleberg Counties. The high winds along with very dry conditions provided extreme fire danger conditions. Several wildfires occurred in the Coastal Bend during the afternoon. The high winds blew down power lines in several areas in the Coastal Bend knocking out power to more than 4000 customers. The winds also destroyed a storage shed in Skidmore and blew down a telephone pole in Portland.

TEXAS, North

TXZ091>095-100> Bell - Bosque - Collin - Comanche - Cooke - Coryell - Delta - Denton - Eastland - Ellis - Erath - Falls - 107-115>118-120- Fannin - Grayson - Hamilton - Hill - Hood - Hopkins - Hunt - Jack - Johnson - Lamar - Lampasas - 123-129>134-141> Limestone - McLennan - Milam - Mills - Montague - Navarro - Palo Pinto - Parker - Rains - Rockwall - 146-156>161-174 Somervell - Stephens - Tarrant - Wise - Young 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 75.0K Drought

Drought conditions prevailed across north Texas during the month of February, with most locations experiencing one to two inch below normal rainfall deficits for the month. The hardest hit areas continued to be over the west and southwest counties, while the least impacted areas remained over the east.

Eastland County Carbon 10 0042CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Golfball sized hail was reported in Carbon. Eastland County Rising Star 10 0108CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter sized hail was reported in Rising Star. Palo Pinto County Mineral Wells 10 0130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Pea to nickel sized hail was reported in Mineral Wells. Parker County Weatherford 10 0148CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Sixty MPH winds were estimated in Weatherford. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

155 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Tarrant County Eagle Mtn Lake 10 0215CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A bait shop and the roof of a restaurant at Eagle Mountain Lake were damaged by high thunderstorm winds.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Tarrant County 2 SSE Saginaw 10 0224CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Sixty MPH winds were estimated at Longhorn Rd and North Main Street in Saginaw. A basketball goal was knocked over in town. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Tarrant County 2 N Lake Worth 10 0225CST 0 0 8.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

A 64 MPH wind gust was reported at Huffines Blvd and 10 Mile Bridge Road near Marine Creek Lake in northwest Fort Worth. Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Tarrant County (FWH)Carswell Afb Ft 10 0225CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (39EG)

Two business signs and two port-o-johns were knocked over in White Settlement. The nearby automated weather station at Carswell AFB (KNFW) reported a peak wind of 43 mph around the same time.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 39 knots is equivalent to 45 mph. Mclennan County (ACT)Madison-Cooper 10 0244CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55MG)

The automated weather station at Waco's Madison Cooper Airport (KACT) measured a 63 MPH wind gust. This wind gust occurred from nearby light rain helping to drag strong winds aloft to the ground.

Note: The measured wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Tarrant County 1 NE Poltechniec 10 0249CST 0 0 8.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

A 66 MPH wind gust was reported at Nolan Catholic High School in Fort Worth.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Mclennan County 2 SSW Leroy 10 0255CST 0 0 8.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

High winds tore most of the metal roof off a metal shop building on Gerald Lane in Elm Mott. Some items inside the shop were damaged. These strong winds occurred from nearby light rain helping to drag strong winds aloft to the ground.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Grayson County 2 N Howe 10 0300CST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Strong thunderstorm winds moved a hay ring on property that was located between south Sherman and north Howe. In addition, trees were knocked down onto fences. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Grayson County 3 SE Hilton 10 0300CST 1 WNW Ida 0310CST 0 0 150.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (83EG)

Straight line winds estimated at 85-95 mph damaged several homes and uprooted several trees in the Luella area. The damage stretched for approximately 6 miles and occurred in conjunction with a bookend vortex on the north side of a bow echo. A home on Tribble and another home on Bois D'Arc suffered major damage. Most of the roof of the home on Bois D'Arc was torn off and much of the second story of the home on Tribble was destroyed. Another 3 homes suffered roof damage.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 83 knots is equivalent to 96 mph.

156 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Collin County 2 WNW Shepton 10 0305CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Sixty MPH winds were estimated in west Plano. Power poles were also knocked down on Midway Road north of Plano Parkway. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Bell County 2 SSE Tennessee Vly 10 0310CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (48EG)

A few boat docks were damaged at Frank's Marina on Lake Belton. Shore moorings were uprooted and underwater anchorages were sheared off. Note: The estimated wind gust of 48 knots is equivalent to 55 mph. Bell County 2 WNW Temple 10 0315CST 0322CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (65EG)

Strong thunderstorm winds impacted the Western Hills area of Temple where several large trees were uprooted, fences were knocked over, and at least one street sign was bent over. Much of the tree damage was reported along West Adams Ave, Apache Dr, and Blackfoot Drive. One tree fell on a home in the Whispering Oaks subdivision. The awning and part of the roof of 4 units at the Brentwood Apartments on West Adams Avenue was peeled off. A few large satellite dishes were knocked over on Moody Lane. Business signs at the Quick Shop & Go on Olaf and the New Hope Community Church on Apache Drive were damaged. Note: The estimated wind gust of 65 knots is equivalent to 75 mph. Bell County 2 N Smith 10 0317CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel sized hail was reported on the southwest side of Temple near Loop 363 and 57th Street.

Bell County 2 N Smith 10 0317CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

A telephone pole was snapped in half on the southwest side of Temple. Sixty-five MPH winds were also estimated in the same area near Loop 363 and 57th Street. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Dallas County 2 NE Alpha 10 0318CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Sixty-five MPH winds were estimated between Richardson and Addison.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Dallas County 2 ESE Florence Hill 10 0320CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Hail up to the size of dimes was reported in the Duncanville and Mountain Creek Lake area.

Dallas County 2 ESE Florence Hill 10 0320CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Thunderstorm wind gusts up to 65 MPH were estimated in the Duncanville and Mountain Creek Lake area. Large tree branches were knocked down and shingles were torn off roofs. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Dallas County University Park 10 0322CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Sixty-five MPH winds were estimated at North Central Expressway/Highway 75 and Northwest Highway/Loop 12 in University Park. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

157 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Dallas County Sachse 10 0400CST 0 0 250.00K 0.00K Lightning

A house was destroyed by lightning in the 6000 block of Lakecrest Drive in Sachse.

Fannin County 1 ENE Honey Grove 10 0500CST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Lightning

Lightning struck the Main Street Presbyterian Church in Honey Grove and the church burned to the ground. The church had been built in 1902.

Anderson County Palestine 10 0556CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Penny sized hail was reported in Palestine. A line of thunderstorms developed along an eastward moving Pacific cold front during the very early morning hours. Some of the thunderstorms reached severe limits; generally producing winds up to 65 MPH. The most significant areas of damage that occurred from severe thunderstorms winds was in Luella in Grayson County and in Temple in Bell County. In Luella, 5 homes were damaged from straightline winds that occurred within a bookend vortex on the northern end of the line of thunderstorms. Two homes were nearly destroyed by the winds. In Temple, widespread wind damage was reported in the western portions of the city. In addition, a lightning strike burned a historic church to the ground in Honey Grove in Fannin County.

Cooke County 6 NW Gainesville 12 0435CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Dime to nickel sized hail was reported 6 miles northwest of Gainesville.

Johnson County Alvarado 12 0615CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel sized hail was reported in Alvarado. Widespread showers and a few thunderstorms developed in a warm air advection and isentropic lift regime ahead of an approaching upper level low. Two of the thunderstorms produced nickel sized hail.

Leon County 3 NE New Salem 21 1007CST 0 0 6.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (43EG)

Strong thunderstorm winds knocked down a few tree limbs and also destroyed 2 sheds. This damage occurred near FM 1618 and Private Road 3365; just west of Interstate 45. A line of thunderstorms moved across the region during the morning hours. These storms were below severe limits, but strong winds in Leon County caused some wind damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 43 knots is equivalent to 49 mph.

Lamar County Faught 25 0720CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Pea to dime sized hail was reported in Faught.

TXZ158 Bell 25 1000CST 1159CST 0 0 75.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

TXZ118 Tarrant 26 0030CST 0130CST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A small, early morning storm produced hail up to the size of dimes in Faught in Lamar County. During the afternoon hours, strong and gusty winds occurred ahead of an approaching storm system. Wind gusts of 40-50 mph were common across the region, and the strongest wind gusts were measured in Bell County. Some damage occurred due to the strong winds in Bell County. Later than night, a homeless man suffered burns when a campfire he had built spread in the high winds that continued into the overnight hours.

158 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle TXZ001>013-016> Armstrong - Carson - Dallam - Deaf Smith - Hansford - Hartley - Hemphill - Hutchinson - Lipscomb - 018 Moore - Ochiltree - Oldham - Potter - Randall - Roberts - Sherman 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 127.0M Drought

February brought both sporadic and widespread winter precipitation to the Texas Panhandle, which lead to a one drought category improvement for most of the region. Exceptional (D4) drought affects Dallam County. Extreme (D3) drought affects most of the northern Texas Panhandle. Severe (D2) drought affects the southwestern Texas Panhandle while the southeastern corner has dropped below the severe drought rating. The late February blizzard produced the majority of the total precipitation for the month. Amarillo recorded 2.53 inches of precipitation for February (1.97 inches above normal), Dalhart recorded 0.63 inches (0.23 inches above normal), and Borger recorded 2.24 inches of precipitation (1.62 inches above normal). Overall this month ranked as the 48th coldest and 8th wettest February on record for the Texas High Plains region. Limited dormant fuels remain in prime condition for the spread of fires across the Panhandle despite the recent precipitation. However, the Keetch-Byram Drought Index showed continued improvement for the Texas Panhandle. Only Dallam and Hartley Counties remaining within the 600 to 800 range while the majority of the area stayed within the 400 to 600 range. The 200 to 400 range now encompasses the entirety of the southeastern corner of the Texas Panhandle. Countywide burn bans remain in effect for all of the Texas Panhandle except for Hansford, Sherman, Hutchinson, Oldham, Casron, Gray, Wheller, and Deaf Smith Counties. The increased moisture during the month helped the growth of dryland winter wheat and native grazing fields. Irrigated fields showed average growth with minor supplemental watering. Rangeland and pastures across the Texas Panhandle have remained in poor to very poor condition. However cattle have been able to graze on the winter wheat crops that have greened from the recent precipitation as observed by the Texas Crop and Weather Report. The Palmer Drought Severity Index showed marginal improvement to Moderate Drought for the Texas High Plains. Reservoirs and stream flows across the Panhandles have remained at below normal levels with only a minor rise due to the recent precipitation. The reservoirs of Palo Duro and Greenbelt Lake are both below 13 percent capacity with Lake Meredith below 1 percent capacity. Water watches for several public water systems persisted through February while voluntary to mandatory mild water restrictions have been enacted. Economic losses due to the drought through February were estimated near $5 million (D2)/$10 million (D3)/$20 million (D4) a county, and were predominately the result for poor growth of winter wheat, heavy supplemental watering, and supplemental feed for cattle in pastures and rangeland.

TXZ001-006-011- Dallam - Deaf Smith - Hartley - Oldham 016 09 1404CST 1719CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A vigorous lee side low pressure system developed across southeastern Colorado and northeastern New Mexico during the afternoon on February 9th. This created a strong surface pressure gradient across the western Texas Panhandle. Sustained winds of 25 to 30 mph with gusts up to 50 mph were common across the Panhandle. However, strong mid layer winds of 60 to 70 mph mixed to the surface to produce 58 to 63 mph wind gusts at Dalhart (Hartley and Dallam County) Bootleg (Deaf Smith County), and Slapout (Deaf Smith County). Also sustained winds of 42 to 44 mph were reported at Dalhart (Dallam and Hartley County), Bootleg (Deaf Smith County), and Adrian (Oldham County) between 3 PM and 6 PM CST. The surface low moved off the southern Rockies and into southwestern Kansas, and a surface cold front swept across the Texas Panhandles. The stabilization of the near surface atmosphere provided by the cooler post-frontal airmass, and a weakening of the surface pressure gradient brought an end to high wind conditions for the Texas Panhandle by 7 PM CST. The following is a list of the highest wind gusts across the Texas Panhandle: West Texas Mesonet site 11 miles west-northwest of Bootleg (Deaf Smith County) 60 mph, West Texas Mesonet site at Slapout (Deaf Smith County) 63 mph, NWS ASOS at Dalhart (Dallam and Hartley County) 58 mph.

Donley County 3 WSW Clarendon 09 1947CST 1949CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

One inch hail was reported in the city of Clarendon (Donley County) by members of the public.

159 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle Donley County 2 NNW Giles 09 2000CST 7 SSW Hedley 2002CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Storm chasers 5 miles southeast of the city of Hedley (Donley County) reported half dollar size hail.

Donley County 2 S Lelia Lake 09 2000CST 3 NNE Hedley 2002CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Storm chasers 2 miles southeast of Lelia Lake (Donley County) reported golf ball size hail.

Collingsworth County 6 NW Quail 09 2044CST 2046CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Storm chasers 6 miles west-northwest of Quail (Collingsworth County) reported quarter size hail.

A vigorous upper level low pressure system moved across the Southern Plains during the evening hours of February 9th. At the surface a warm front surged northward into the southern Texas Panhandle as a cold front advanced eastward from eastern New Mexico. The lift provided by the upper level low and surface boundaries overcame convective inhibition at the surface over the southeastern Texas Panhandle. Thunderstorms quickly strengthened in an area of mid-level lapse rates of 8 degrees C/km and effective Bulk Shear of 60 kt. Storms in this area of enhanced instability produced hail up to the size of golf balls over Donley and Collingsworth Counties. As the cold front moved closer to the Texas state line with Oklahoma, it occluded with the warm front, and any preexisting storms began to weaken before dissipating over western Oklahoma.

TXZ001>003-005- Armstrong - Carson - Collingsworth - Dallam - Donley - Gray - Hansford - Hemphill - Hutchinson - 008>010-012>014- Lipscomb - Potter - Randall - Roberts - Sherman 017>020 12 0023CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

During the late night hours of the 11th and early morning hours of the 12th, an upper level trough of low pressure moved out of southern New Mexico and into west central Texas. This placed the Texas Panhandle on the left front quadrant of 120 to 140 mph jet streak and within the warm sector of an 850mb closed low. This closed low brought moisture from the Gulf of Mexico over the cold surface airmass. This moisture coupled with the lift from the jet streak to initiate snow showers over eastern New Mexico just prior to midnight on February 12th. These showers expanded eastward quickly to enter the Texas Panhandle around 12:30 AM CST. Snow showers quickly produced 1 inch of snow in Dalhart (Dallam and Hartley County), and local law enforcement reported periods of near zero visibilities. Bands of enhanced snow showers developed as the upper level trough of low pressure took on a more negatively tilted orientation by 6 AM CST. These enhanced bands quickly produced multiple inches of snow across the Panhandle, and made driving hazardous due to near zero visibilities. No injuries were reported, but multiple single vehicle accidents were reported across the area. By noon, the upper level trough was over the eastern Texas Panhandle causing snow to end across the far northwest. The remaining snow showers across the Panhandles ended by 3 PM CST as the 850mb closed low moved over east Texas, removing the necessary moisture to support snow. Storm total amounts of 4 to 9 inches were reported across the Texas Panhandle. COOP and CoCoRAHS observers at Dalhart (Dallam County), Borger (Hutchinson County), Amarillo (Potter County), and Boys Ranch (Oldham County) provided liquid equivalent values to show snow to liquid ratios ranged between 10 to 1 and 16 to 1. Also the 4.7 inches of snow at Amarillo broke the old record daily maximum snowfall of 2.4 for February 12th set in 2004. The following is a list of the highest snowfall totals per county: 8.0 inches in Claude (Armstrong County); 8 inches in Skellytown (Carson County); 6 inches in Wellington (Collingsworth County); 8 inches in Dalhart (Dallam County); 3 inches in Hereford (Deaf Smith County); 9 inches in Clarendon (Donley County); 9 inches in Pampa (Gray County); 6.0 inches in Spearman (Hansford County); 7.0 inches in Dalhart (Hartley County); 6.0 inches in Canadian (Hemphill County); 7.0 inches in Fritch (Hutchinson County); 6.0 inches in Darrouzett (Lipscomb County); 5.5 inches in Dumas (Moore County); 5.0 inches in Perryton (Ochiltree County); 4.0 inches in Vega (Oldham County); 6.5 inches in Amarillo (Potter County); 7.0 inches in Palo Duro Canyon (Randall County); 7.0 inches in Stratford (Sherman County); 4.0 inches in Wheeler (Wheeler County); and 6.0 inches in Miami (Roberts County).

TXZ004-007-011- Deaf Smith - Moore - Ochiltree - Oldham - Wheeler 015-016 12 0023CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

160 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle

A potent upper level low moved across southern New Mexico during the evening hours of February 20th. This system would go on to produce several inches of snow with a maximum of 12 inches in Texas County after making a transition from rain and sleet to all snow. As the upper level low moved into southeastern New Mexico it transitioned from a neutral tilt to a slightly negative tilt. This reorientation provided additional lift across the southwestern and eastern Oklahoma Panhandle which in turn helped intensify snowfall rates. It was in this area where the two highest snow depths occurred, 9 to 12 inch swath across southern Cimarron County and southwestern Texas County, and an 8 to 9 inch swath across southeastern Beaver County. By the early afternoon the upper level low had progressed over central Kansas, removing forcing across the Panhandle and bringing an end to precipitation. The following is a listing of the highest storm total snowfall for each county: 12.0 inches in Texhoma (Texas County); 9.0 inches nine miles southeast of Boise City (Cimarron County); 9.0 inches in Slapout (Beaver County).

TXZ001>005-007- Dallam - Hansford - Lipscomb - Moore - Ochiltree - Sherman - Wheeler 015 20 1900CST 21 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A potent upper level low moved across southern New Mexico during the evening hours of February 20th. This system would go on to produce several inches of snow with a maximum of 13 inches produced in Hartley County after making a transition from rain and sleet to all snow. As the upper level low moved into southeastern New Mexico it transitioned from a neutral tilt to a slightly negative tilt. This reorientation provided additional lift across the northern Texas Panhandle which in turn helped intensify snowfall rates. It was in this area where the two highest snow depths occurred, 9 to 13 inch swath across Dallam and Sherman Counties and an 8 to 9 inch swath over Lipscomb County. While the additional lift provided by this reorientation was lesser across the southern Texas Panhandle, it allowed the storms to tap into marginal elevated instability to produce a lesser swath of higher snowfall totals across the southeastern Texas Panhandle. Also the marginal instability led to isolated reports of thundersnow in Clarendon (Donley County). By the early afternoon the upper level low had progressed over central Kansas, removing forcing across the Panhandle and bringing an end to precipitation. The following is a listing of the highest storm total snowfall for each county: 3.0 inches in Claude (Armstrong County); 1.5 inches in Panhandle (Carson County); 1.0 inch in Wellington (Collingsworth County); 13.0 inches eighteen miles southeast of Felt and fifteen miles north east of Ware (Both Dallam County); 4.1 inches in Clarendon (Donley County); 4.0 inches in Pampa (Gray County); 6.0 inches in Gruver (Hansford County); 3.5 inches in Dalhart (Hartley County); 4.0 inches in Canadian (Hemphill County); 3.0 inches in Fritch (Hutchinson County); 8.0 inches in Darrouzett (Lipscomb County); 6.0 inches nine miles northeast of Dumas (Moore County); 8.0 inches in Perryton (Ochiltree County); 1.5 inches seven miles east-northeast Amarillo (Potter County); 1.0 inch six miles southwest Amarillo (Randall County); 4.0 inches Miami (Roberts County); 6.0 inches in Stratford (Sherman County); and 7.0 inches in Allison (Wheeler County).

Picture of the snow eighteen miles southeast of Felt (Dallem County) courtesy of Ron and Kay Howell.

TXZ006-008>010- Armstrong - Carson - Collingsworth - Donley - Gray - Hartley - Hemphill - Hutchinson - Potter - Randall - 012>014-017>020 Roberts 20 1900CST 21 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

161 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle

A potent upper level low moved across southern New Mexico during the evening hours of February 20th. This system would go on to produce several inches of snow with a maximum of 13 inches produced in Hartley County after making a transition from rain and sleet to all snow. As the upper level low moved into southeastern New Mexico it transitioned from a neutral tilt to a slightly negative tilt. This reorientation provided additional lift across the northern Texas Panhandle which in turn helped intensify snowfall rates. It was in this area where the two highest snow depths occurred, 9 to 13 inch swath across Dallam and Sherman Counties and an 8 to 9 inch swath over Lipscomb County. While the additional lift provided by this reorientation was lesser across the southern Texas Panhandle, it allowed the storms to tap into marginal elevated instability to produce a lesser swath of higher snowfall totals across the southeastern Texas Panhandle. Also the marginal instability led to isolated reports of thundersnow in Clarendon (Donley County). By the early afternoon the upper level low had progressed over central Kansas, removing forcing across the Panhandle and bringing an end to precipitation. The following is a listing of the highest storm total snowfall for each county: 3.0 inches in Claude (Armstrong County); 1.5 inches in Panhandle (Carson County); 1.0 inch in Wellington (Collingsworth County); 13.0 inches eighteen miles southeast of Felt and fifteen miles north east of Ware (Both Dallam County); 4.1 inches in Clarendon (Donley County); 4.0 inches in Pampa (Gray County); 6.0 inches in Gruver (Hansford County); 3.5 inches in Dalhart (Hartley County); 4.0 inches in Canadian (Hemphill County); 3.0 inches in Fritch (Hutchinson County); 8.0 inches in Darrouzett (Lipscomb County); 6.0 inches nine miles northeast of Dumas (Moore County); 8.0 inches in Perryton (Ochiltree County); 1.5 inches seven miles east-northeast Amarillo (Potter County); 1.0 inch six miles southwest Amarillo (Randall County); 4.0 inches Miami (Roberts County); 6.0 inches in Stratford (Sherman County); and 7.0 inches in Allison (Wheeler County).

TXZ011-016>018 Armstrong - Deaf Smith - Oldham - Potter - Randall 21 1842CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Abundant low level moisture from snow showers earlier in the day allowed dense fog to form across the southern Texas Panhandle. Even as surface winds gusted into the 30 mph range, surface visibilities dropped to a quarter mile or less for a couple hours at Amarillo (Potter and Randall County), Herford (Deaf Smith County), Vega (Oldham County), and Claude (Armstrong County). While no vehicle accidents were reported, traffic flow on roads and highways were reduced greatly.

TXZ001 Dallam 22 1830CST 23 0130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An upper level trough of low pressure over southern Colorado and northern New Mexico moved eastward across the northern Texas Panhandle during the evening hours of the 22nd to cause light snow showers across Dallam County. Snow began falling across Dallam County around 6:30 PM CST and continued until 1:30 AM CST as snow showers moved outside of the county. The combination of freezing surface temperatures, lift provided by the upper level trough, and moisture advection overrunning the cold surface airmass proved sufficient to produce 3 inches of snow in the city of Texline (Dallam County). Trained storm spotters in Texline reported highways in and out of town became snow covered and icy however, no vehicle accidents were reported in relation to icy roadways. Snow showers diminished in intensity and areal coverage as they moved out of Dallam County.

24 1900CST 25 1700CST 0 0 660.0K 0.00K Blizzard

TXZ002>020 Armstrong - Carson - Collingsworth - Deaf Smith - Donley - Gray - Hansford - Hartley - Hemphill - Hutchinson - Lipscomb - Moore - Ochiltree - Oldham - Potter - Randall - Roberts - Sherman - Wheeler

24 1900CST 25 1700CST 0 0 12.62M 0.00K Blizzard

162 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle

Between the evening hours of February 24 and the afternoon hours of February 25th, widespread snowfall totals of 5 to 13 inches with a maximum of 19 inches of snow were reported across the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandle. This snowfall crippled the Panhandles in ways not seen since the 1957 and 1934 blizzards. In Amarillo (Potter and Randall County), this blizzard was the third largest snowfall event on record, the second largest snowfall for a calendar day on record, the largest snowfall for a single day on record, and the 17 inch snow depth from 6 AM CST Tuesday, February 26th set the highest all-time snow depth at Amarillo on record. The 6 PM CST upper air analysis on February 24th reviled a closed mid-level low pressure system diving south-southeastward from the Four Corners Region. This positioning put the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandle under the front right quadrant of a 90 mph to 120 mph upper level jet streak, and caused a transition of a surface stationary front draped across the Southern Texas Panhandle into a cold front. The large scale forcing provided by the aforementioned factors coupled with low level moisture advection to initiate snow showers over eastern New Mexico. These snow showers quickly expanded into the northwestern Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles. The surface cold front surged southward in advance of the snow showers, which ensured any precipitation reaching the ground would be in a frozen state. A few embedded lightning strikes were evident as snow showers taped into very steep mid-level temperature lapse rates and weak elevated instability while moving further into the Panhandles. Snowfall rates of 1 inch to 2 inches per hour were observed, but higher snow fall rates of 2 inches to 3 inches per hour were possible given the weakly convective nature of some of the storms. By 7 PM CST, these possible higher snowfall rates were validated when a storm chaser in Hutchinson County reported 2 inches of snow had accumulated within 45 minutes.

By midnight of the 25th, the mid-level closed low had progressed into southeastern New Mexico. This placed the Panhandles squarely in the comma head of the system. As a result, bands of heavy snow developed from Hereford, Texas (Deaf Smith County) to Slapout, Oklahoma (Beaver County). Weak instability continued to produce isolated lightning strikes within these snow bands. Sustained surface winds across the Panhandles had built into the 30 to 40 mph range in response to the strong post- frontal surface pressure gradient and occasional 55 to 65 mph winds gusts were reported within the heavier snow bands. These blizzard conditions caused visibilities to drop as low as 50 feet, and produced multiple inches of snow over several hours.

By 6 AM CST, the mid-level closed low was positioned near Sweetwater, Texas, and heavy bands of snow were still evident on radar along a Hereford, TX (Deaf Smith County) to Slapout, Oklahoma (Beaver County) line. Snow amount reports averaged between 4 to 10 inches along and to either side this line with the National Weather Service in Amarillo measuring eleven inches. Blizzard conditions continued throughout the morning hours, and two hurricane force wind gusts were measured at the National Weather Service Office in Amarillo and at the Pantex plant just prior to noon. The gust at the National Weather Service office in Amarillo measured 75 mph, and the gust from the Pantex plant was measured at 77 mph.

By 12 PM CST, the mid-level closed low had progressed into north central Texas allowing a clearing line to the New Mexico/Texas state line. This further east position of the low also had a diminishing effect on the heaviest snow bands as the upper level forcing had lessen. Snowfall rates dropped to below 1 inch per hour, and the surface pressure gradient was slowly weakening to allow a slow lowering of sustained surface winds. However, near zero visibilities were still reported in locations where snow had ended due to blowing snow. The clearing line was positioned from Amarillo, Texas (Randall and Potter County) to Guymon, Oklahoma (Texas County) by 3 PM CST, and distinct snow bands were no longer evident on radar. Surface winds had also dropped below 35 mph sustained to bring an end to blizzard conditions across the Panhandles. Snow showers continued to diminish before coming to an end just before 10 PM CST.

The following is a listing of the highest snow amounts per county: 19.0 inches in Amarillo (Potter County); 1.0 inch in Dalhart (Dallam County); 8.0 inches in Vega (Oldham County); 12.0 inches in Dumas (Moore County); 10.0 inches in Morse (Hansford County); 2.0 inches in Stratford (Sherman County); 11.3 inches in Canyon (Randall County); 11.0 inches in Hereford (Deaf Smith County); 15.0 inches Perryton (Ochiltree County); 16.0 inches in Pampa (Gray County); 17.0 inches in Sanford (Hutchinson County); 14.0 inches in Wheeler (Wheeler County); 4.0 inches in Hedley (Donley County); 4.0 inches in Samnorwood (Collingsworth County); 12.0 inches in Briscoe (Hemphill County); 14.0 inches in Panhandle (Carson County); 14.0 inches in Lipscomb (Lipscomb County); 14.0 inches in Claude (Armstrong County); 14.0 inches in Miami (Roberts County); and 4 inches in Channing (Hartley County). While the total economic losses due to the blizzard remains largely undocumented, the blizzard cleanup cost the Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT) nearly $1.6 million and cattle farmers $10.24 million in cattle losses. The 8 to 19 inch swath of snow across the majority of the Panhandles paralyzed traffic, and caused both TXDOT and the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (OKDOT) to close all roads and highways across the region. TXDOT crews began performing plowing operations during the onset of snow accumulation however; plowing operations had to be suspended due to several near misses, visibilities as low as 50 feet, and operator safety concerns. Plowing operations were not allowed to resume until the morning of the 25th as conditions improved. City Utilities and Parks Departments were re-tasked to assist road crews in plowing and TXDOT crews from as far away as El Paso and Dallas were deployed to assist.

Numerous motorists became stranded, 50 in Amarillo alone, during and after the blizzard across both the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandle. The National Guard deployed 53 troops and 37 vehicles to assist local law enforcement in search and rescue operations to locate stranded motorist along Interstate 40. The blizzard forced businesses to shut down, caused temporary power outages, and limited the supply of goods by paralyzing delivery methods. Xcel Energy reported 4,400 customers across the Texas Panhandle lost power as a result the blizzard causing an issue at a substation on the northeast side of Amarillo (Potter County). Toot-n-Totum closed 52 of their 62 locations across the panhandles, which was the first time in 62 years of operations that so many locations were closed. The remaining 10 locations were reported to have been visited by 11,000 customers with lines of 40 to 50 people deep according to security camera estimates. All Pak-A-Sak locations in Amarillo were closed for the first time in their 35 years of operations. BNSF Railway notified customers to expect a 24 to 48 hour delay in the delivery of goods. The Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport was forced to shut down on the morning of the 25th, and was unable to reopen until the morning of the 26th. However, Untied Airlines and American Airlines did not schedule any departures until the 27th.

163 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle

Economic impact of the blizzard estimated from known TXDOT costs, cattle losses, and estimated vehicle repairs and delayed services.

TEXAS, Northeast

TXZ096 Red River 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions remained unchanged across Red River County Texas during the month of February. This despite the county having received between 2 and 4 inches of rainfall during the month. The county remained in D2 Severe Drought classification through the end of the month.

Franklin County 1 SE Mt Vernon 10 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Law enforcement reported a tree downed in Mount Vernon, Texas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Wood County 1 NW Winnsboro 10 0515CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Law enforcement reported that powerlines were downed in Winnsboro, Texas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Bowie County 1 N New Boston 10 0550CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was downed onto a power line in New Boston, Texas. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Nacogdoches County 1 ENE Nacogdoches 10 0755CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Hail was reported near Loop 224 in Nacogdoches, Texas. A strong upper level trough moved out of the Four Corners region of the country and into the Central Plains during the early morning hours of February 10th. Strong southwest flow aloft was prevalent across the Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley as a warm front slowly lifted northward from the coast into East Texas and Central Louisiana. A line of thunderstorms developed along a prefrontal boundary west of the Interstate 35 corridor across Central and North Texas shortly after midnight on February 10th and this line of storms began racing eastward near 60 mph. Deep layer atmospheric shear which was mostly unidirectional which suggested that storm mode would be in the form of a squall line which did materialize and moved west to east across the region. Damage consisted of mostly trees and powerlines downed across a few locations.

Upshur County 1 W Gilmer 12 0455CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Cherokee County 1 NE Bullard 12 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Gregg County 2 NE Greggton 12 0628CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Smith County 1 N Bascom 12 0712CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Smith County 1 S Tyler 12 0712CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel sized hail reported just south of the University of Texas at Tyler.

164 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Northeast Gregg County 2 NE Greggton 12 0728CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

A cold front moved south of the region with a cold and shallow airmass having infiltrated the Lower Mississippi Valley. However, a strong upper level storm system moved out of the Four Corners Region and into the Southern Plains during the morning hours of February 12th. Strong southerly winds in the lower levels of the atmosphere overrun the colder shallow airmass and this resulted in strong thunderstorms developing across the region. Temperature lapse rates were very strong which combined with low wet bulb zero heights meant that these thunderstorms produced mainly small hail.

Cass County 2 WSW Douglassville 18 1439CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Cass County 2 NNW Springdale 18 1510CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Half dollar sized hail fell near Domino, Texas. Rusk County 2 SW Cross Rds 18 1713CST 1714CST 0.73 30 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down 7 miles southeast of Kilgore, Texas. Damage consisted of several large branches and a hardwood tree snapped along County Roads 281 and 283.

Rusk County 1 SSW Monroe 18 1718CST 0.01 20 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and concluded that a brief tornado touched down and snapped the tops out of several pine trees along Hwy. 322 near Barnes Creek.

Rusk County 2 E Pleasant Grove 18 1727CST 3 SSE Good Spgs 1729CST 1.23 15 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey in Rusk County, Texas and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down east of New Summerfield, Texas. Damage consisted of several trees uprooted and large branches snapped along FM 1798 and FM 839 near Cat Creek.

Rusk County 1 WNW Stewart 18 1727CST 1731CST 1.55 30 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down west of Tatum, Texas. Damage consisted of a pine tree uprooted along with several tops of pine trees snapped along County Road 2126 and FM 782.

Rusk County 2 SSW Henderson Rusk Co Ar 18 1728CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Hail fell at the intersection of FM 839 and Hwy. 79. Gregg County 1 W Easton 18 1733CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail fell southeast of Longview, Texas. Rusk County 2 E Laneville 18 1748CST 4 NNE Sulphur Spgs 1751CST 1.97 60 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that an EF1 tornado first touched down 6 miles northwest of Mount Enterprise, Texas. Damage consisted of a travel trailer which was overturned and a roof torn off of a metal barn along County Road 3168. In addition, trees were snapped along with large branches downed along County Road 3156.

165 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Northeast Panola County 4 NNE Beckville 18 1757CST 1759CST 1.2 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and concluded that a tornado touched down north northeast of Beckville, Texas. Damage consisted of numerous large limbs and a few trees snapped along FM 1794. Several pictures of the funnel were captured.

Rusk County 2 WSW Shiloh 18 1801CST 0.01 10 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down 4 miles northeast of Mount Enterprise, Texas. Damage consisted of large hardwood branches that were downed along HWY 315.

Panola County 6 NNE Riderville 18 1805CST 1807CST 0.81 30 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down north of Carthage, Texas. Damage consisted of numerous large limbs and a few pine trees snapped along FM 1794 just south of the Sabine River.

Rusk County 1 NW Concord 18 1812CST 0.01 20 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down 5 miles east northeast of Mount Enterprise, Texas. Damage consisted of several trees snapped and an above-ground swimming pool was wrapped around a tree along FM 95.

Panola County 7 W De Berry 18 1813CST 0.01 10 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down briefly northeast of Carthage, Texas. Damage consisted of a small, snapped hardwood tree along County Road 307.

Panola County 5 SW De Berry 18 1819CST 0.01 20 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a brief tornado touched down northeast of Carthage, Texas. Damage consisted of two pine trees snapped along FM 31 near the County Road 316 intersection.

Rusk County Caledonia 18 1819CST 0.01 20 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey in Rusk County and determined than an EF1 tornado touched down 7 miles north northwest of Garrison, Texas. Storm damage consisted of the roof of a metal building having been partially peeled back. The roof on a mobile home was damaged, and a few trees were snapped along US Hwy. 84 in the community of Caledonia.

Panola County 1 NE De Berry 18 1825CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail was reported in the Deberry community. Shelby County 1 NNE Timpson 18 1837CST 0.01 10 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey and determined that a weak EF0 tornado touched down near Timpson, Texas. Storm damage consisted of several large snapped hardwood branches along County Road 4916 and also along US Hwy. 59.

166 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Northeast

A warm and unstable airmass developed across the Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley during the day as an ejecting upper trough moved into the Plains. A strong cold front moved out of Southern Oklahoma and North Texas during the day with a very strong pressure gradient ahead of the cold front. Strong gradient winds from the south approached 40 mph across many locations with the ambient temperature reaching 70 degrees. Deep layer shear in the lowest 6 kilometers were in excess of 50kts with strong low level shear noted as well. Combine that with excessive atmospheric lapse rates and all the ingredients were present for strong to severe thunderstorms that produced large hail, damaging wind gusts and isolated tornadoes.

Bowie County 2 WSW Siloam 21 0745CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Hail was reported in the Dalby Springs community. Cherokee County Forest 21 1145CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed west of Wells, Texas. These trees damaged a residence and a nearby barn on FM. 1911 and near the intersection with FM. 1247. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Sabine County Plainview 21 1310CST 2 WNW East Mayfield 1319CST 4.47 150 1 2 250.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey across Sabine County Texas and determined that an EF1 tornado touched down north of Pineland, Texas. The tornado first touched down along Charlie Forse Road...snapping large branches along the road. The tornado then crossed FM. 1 at Strickland Crossing West...snapping and uprooting numerous trees and rolling a mobile home on its side. Other trees fell onto several homes as the tornado continued east along Strickland Crossing West...where a 74 year old female was killed as a result of severe head injuries when a tree fell onto her while she was sleeping in her mobile home. The tornado continued northeast crossing Plainview Road/FM 2024...and over a heavily wooded area while snapping additional trees...before lifting along Bennet Road. F74MH

A deep upper level trough ejected out of the Four Corners region of the country and into the plains during the afternoon hours of February 21st. During the morning of the 21st...elevated convection became rather widespread across the region and most of these storms produced hail. A warm front was located across the Southeast Texas and Southern Louisiana coast during the early morning hours of the 21st but as the day progressed...the warm front came north to near the Interstate 20 corridor of Northeast Texas and Northern Louisiana. This lead to a very warm and unstable airmass infiltrating the region from the south. Low level shear was very strong both in speed and direction along the vicinity of this warm front and as as result...a few tornadoes developed across the region. Otherwise...the storms continued to produce hail and some wind damage from straight line winds. F74MH

Bowie County 1 S Simms 25 1145CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Golf ball sized hail covered the ground near Simms, Texas. Cass County 2 NW Camp 25 1145CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

One inch hail covered the ground in Marietta, Texas. Bowie County 1 N New Boston 25 1225CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

A warm and unstable airmass developed across the region during the afternoon hours of February 25th. This airmass change was in response to a vigorous storm system that moved into the Southern Plains. A sharp...well defined dryline developed across North Central Texas during the morning hours and moved east during the day. This dryline acted as a focusing mechanism for strong to severe thunderstorms to develop across the region...aided by the lift induced form the upper level storm system. The storms primarily produced large hail as they moved east across the region.

167 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South TXZ248>257 Brooks - Coastal Cameron - Coastal Willacy - Hidalgo - Inland Cameron - Inland Willacy - Jim Hogg - Kenedy - Starr - Zapata 01 0000CST 18 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Unseasonably warm temperatures and dry conditions persisted across Deep South Texas and the Rio Grande Valley during the first half of the month. Spotty showers in the area provided very light rainfall amounts. Severe to exceptional drought conditions continued across much of the region. McAllen and Brownsville reported only 0.01 inches of rainfall during the first half of the month, 0.55 inches below normal, while Harlingen reported 0.20 inches of rainfall, 0.38 inches below normal. Above average daily temperatures across the region continued, with much of the lower and mid Valley between 8.0 degrees and 8.8 degrees above normal for the first 12 days of the month before dropping back to 5 to 6 degrees above by the 18th.

TXZ250 Brooks 05 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Little rainfall and breezy, warm conditions at the end of January and early February, when compared with average, led to a one category deterioration of drought across the northeast third of Brooks County, which would continue through the end of the month. Zapata County 5 SE San Ygnacio 05 2308CST 2315CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Zapata County sheriff's office reported quarter size hail fell in the community of Ramireno.

Zapata County 5 NNW Zapata 05 2312CST 2320CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Trained Skywarn spotter reported golf ball size hail at the Zapata County Airport.

A mid-level low over northern Baja Mexico progressed towards Texas. As the low moved towards the region, forcing from the feature slowly increased the chances for showers and thunderstorms. A severe thunderstorm moved east across northern Mexico and into Zapata County around 11 pm LST over Zapata County as one impulse moved through. This storm produced quarter and golf ball size hail in Zapata County.

TXZ248-252-254> Coastal Cameron - Coastal Willacy - Inland Cameron - Inland Willacy - Jim Hogg - Starr - Zapata 257 19 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

The second half of February wrapped up drier than it started, with drought conditions escalating across all of Deep South Texas and the Rio Grande Valley. Along with the below normal rainfall, a series of very dry and extremely windy cold fronts helped to worsen the drought conditions over the region. Monthly average temperatures over the region were also well above normal. Across the Lower and Mid Valley, monthly averages finished between 4.1 and 4.8 above the 1981-2010 average, and ranked among the top ten warmest all-time for all available locations except Harlingen.

TXZ253 Hidalgo 25 1207CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind A cold front moved across Deep South Texas and the Rio Grande Valley during the morning hours. Behind the front very strong and gusty northwest winds prevailed for several hours. Wind gusts reached up to 44 mph in Edinburg and 47 mph in McAllen. These strong and gusty winds felled at least one tree limb in Edinburg, which clipped power lines and caused some outages.

168 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Central TXZ171>173-183> Bastrop - Blanco - Burnet - Caldwell - Comal - De Witt - Dimmit - Edwards - Fayette - Gillespie - Gonzales 186-188>194-202> - Guadalupe - Hays - Karnes - Kendall - Kerr - Kinney - Lee - Llano - Maverick - Real - Travis - Uvalde - 203-206>209-217> Val Verde - Williamson - Zavala 218-222>224-228 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

February was another dry month across most of South Central Texas. Twenty-six of the 33 counties received 25 percent or less of their average rainfall for the month. Only Karnes and parts of Atascosa and DeWitt received near or above normal rain. As a result, the drought worsened in 15 counties. Kinney and Val Verde moved into the exceptional category (Stage D4), Hays and Maverick to extreme (D3), and Bandera, Blanco, Caldwell, Comal, Fayette, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Kendall, Lee, Travis, and Zavala to severe (D2). The rest of the counties in South Central Texas were unchanged from January. Fire danger was moderate to very high across the region. Of the 26 counties in D2 or worse drought 16 had outdoor burn bans if effect at the end of the month. These were Blanco, Caldwell, Dimmit, Edwards, Guadalupe, Hays, Karnes, Kendall, Kerr, Kinney, Llano, Maverick, Travis, Uvalde, Val Verde, and Williamson. The Texas Crop and Weather Report issued by Texas A and M Agricultural reported rangeland and pastures continued to deteriorate. Wheat and oats badly needed rain. Ranchers continued supplemental feeding of livestock. Small trees and brush were budding, but growth was slow and weak. Area lakes and reservoirs continued below normal pool elevations with Lake Amistad around 51 feet below normal, Lake Travis near 50 feet below normal, and Medina Lake 77 feet below normal which left the lake at 7.5 percent of capacity. The Edwards Aquifer was 20.3 feet below normal, and just over 17 feet below the level at the end of February 2012. Uvalde was in stage 3 water restrictions, Austin, the San Antonio Water System, and the Barton Springs Edwards Aquifer Conservation District were in stage 2 water restrictions, and Kerrville and San Marcos were in Stage 1 restrictions.

Gillespie County 4 NE Tivydale 10 0127CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.50)

Llano County 1 SE Buchanan Dam 10 0152CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.50)

A thunderstorm produced hail for 11 minutes. The largest hail was 1.5 inches in diameter.

Williamson County Jarrell 10 0345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Williamson County 1 N Jarrell 10 0354CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Williamson County 1 SSE Old Round Rock 10 0630CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

A thunderstorm produced penny size hail that nearly covered the ground near the 2300 block of Greenlawn Blvd. in Round Rock. A cold front moved through South Central Texas and caused showers and thunderstorms. A few supercell thunderstorms formed ahead of the front and produced large hail.

TXZ172-183-192- Burnet - Guadalupe - Medina - Travis - Uvalde - Val Verde - Williamson 203>204-207 25 1055CST 1715CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A deep upper level area of low pressure moved out of the Rockies into the southern plains and brought a surface low pressure system with a cold front through Texas. The pressure gradient tightened behind this front and produced strong gusty winds across South Central Texas.

TEXAS, South Panhandle

TXZ021>044 Bailey - Briscoe - Castro - Childress - Cochran - Cottle - Crosby - Dickens - Floyd - Garza - Hale - Hall - Hockley - Kent - King - Lamb - Lubbock - Lynn - Motley - Parmer - Stonewall - Swisher - Terry - Yoakum

01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 5.0M 5.0M Drought

169 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle

Drought conditions during the month of February were reduced area wide with the greatest improvement observed across the northern Rolling Plains and extreme southeastern Texas panhandle. By the end of the month, four counties had dropped below severe (D2) drought levels: Motley, Cottle, Hall, and Briscoe. Furthermore, Hall county was reduced to abnormally dry (D0), its lowest drought level in over two years. Although the remainder of the region continued to be in severe (D2) drought or worse, exceptional (D4) drought was reduced. The month of February saw several warm and windy episodes as well as periodic cold fronts and precipitation. In general, total precipitation was at or above seasonal averages for the month and year to date. This is the primary reason why drought levels were reduced area wide. Two notable winter weather events occurred on the 12th-13th and a blizzard on the 24th-25th. The blizzard brought as much as 15 inches of snow to the extreme south-central Texas panhandle. Most areas received several inches of snow with the exception of the southern South Plains and southern Rolling Plains which received little to no snowfall from this event. An extreme gradient of snowfall was observed between areas that received snow and areas that did not receive snow. Slaton in southeastern Lubbock County did not report any snow while Shallowater in northwest Lubbock County reported eight inches from this single event. With several cool periods throughout the month due to strong cold fronts, February was below normal for mean temperature. Lubbock and Childress were both -0.9 and -0.5 degrees, respectively. Temperatures year to date were now slightly below average. Keetch-Byram Drought Index values greatly improved through the month. By the end of February, values between 200 and 300 were observed over the extreme southern Texas panhandle through the northern South Plains and northern Rolling Plains. The rest of the area saw values between 300 and 400 except for the southwestern South Plains and southern Rolling Plains which observed values between 400 and 500.

Despite experiencing several windy days, no significant wildfires were observed through the entire month. Fuel loads remained low across the region because of the drought conditions. Although this is normally a good sign for the area, the peak wildfire season occurs during the months of March and April. Upper soil moisture levels had improved as well as prospects for winter crops with the significant snowfall across the region. However, water supplies were not being recharged and deep soil moisture remained inadequate to affect long term drought problems. Preparation for spring planting was underway over the region with rangelands and pastures in generally poor condition.

Economic losses due to drought through February since the drought began were estimated near $2.6 billion.

Hall County 1 SW Turkey 09 2032CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

The fire department in Turkey reported quarter size hail. No damage was reported.

Hall County 2 S Estelline 09 2114CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

The public reported numerous pea sized hail stones with a few stones up to one inch in diameter. No damage was reported.

Strong southwesterly winds and blowing dust overspread the far southwest Texas Panhandle late this afternoon behind a dryline. Winds gusted to 58 mph twice near Friona before subsiding by sunset. By mid-evening, increasingly moist southeast winds ahead of the dryline aided in scattered strong and severe thunderstorm development in the far southern Texas Panhandle. The southernmost of these storms affected portions of Turkey and Hall Counties where hailstones grew to the size of quarters at times.

TXZ022 Castro 12 0600CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

TXZ021 Parmer 12 0600CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

TXZ023-024 Briscoe - Swisher 12 0700CST 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

TXZ029 Hale 12 0900CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

170 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle TXZ025-031 Hall - Motley 12 1000CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

TXZ026-030 Childress - Floyd 12 1000CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Shortly after midnight on the 12th, the base of an upper-level trough exited southern New Mexico before bisecting the South Plains during the day as it moved eastward. With a cold layer of air already in place at the surface, very mild and moist southerly winds aloft developed ahead of the trough and led to a plethora of precipitation types developing during the pre-dawn hours. Generally along and south of the storm's track, scattered thunderstorms with locally heavy rains, small hail up to 1/2 inch in diameter and even sleet were observed. Farther north in the northern South Plains and southern Texas Panhandle, the cold air remained deep enough for precipitation to fall as all snow. The snow fell heavy at times during the morning, but did not result in any known travel problems. By mid-day, the snow tapered from west-to-east behind the departing storm system, but not before depositing up to 5 inches of wet snow in some locales. Selected snow totals include: 5 inches at Happy (Swisher County) and Memphis (Hall County), 4 inches at Nazareth (Castro County), Tulia (Swisher County), Silverton (Briscoe County), and Flomot (Motley County), 3 inches at Dimmitt (Castro County) and Plainview (Hale County), 2 inches at Friona (Parmer County), 1.5 inches at Floydada (Floyd County) and Matador (Motley County), and 1 inch at both Farwell (Parmer County) and Childress (Childress County). Also, this storm produced beneficial liquid equivalent precipitation of 1/3 to nearly 1 inch over all but the far western South Plains where little if any precipitation materialized.

TXZ023-035 Lubbock - Swisher 21 0200CST 0700CST 0 0 85.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

Light snow and sleet during the early morning hours of the 21st caused several traffic accidents in Lubbock (Lubbock County) and Tulia (Swisher County). Only about one inch of a wintry mix was reported but it was enough to create hazardous roadways. Several roads were blocked off in Lubbock because of the icy conditions.

TXZ021-027 Bailey - Castro - Parmer 24 1930CST 25 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Kent County 1 SSE Jayton 24 2202CST 2205CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Law enforcement reported half dollar size hail in and around Jayton. No damage was reported.

TXZ023-028-029 Hale - Lamb - Swisher 24 2230CST 25 1430CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

171 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle

A picture of large snow drifts in Tulia. Photograph courtesy Kristina Alexander.

TXZ024>026-030> Briscoe - Childress - Cochran - Cottle - Crosby - Dickens - Floyd - Hall - Hockley - King - Lubbock - 038 Motley 25 0100CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

TXZ039>042 Garza - Lynn - Terry - Yoakum 25 0830CST 1625CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A powerful upper level storm system brought a wide variety of hazardous weather conditions to the South Plains and Rolling Plains of Wext Texas from the evening of the 24th through the daytime on the 25th. This storm system moved out of Colorado into New Mexico then east across the Texas panhandle on the 24th. As the system moved across New Mexico it was able to tap into rich moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. As a result, on the evening of the 24th, severe thunderstorms developed across the southern Rolling Plains. A strong cold front quickly moved through the region late in the evening on the 24th which brought noticeably cooler temperatures and high winds.

Rain showers quickly changed over to sleet then snow by late in the evening of the 24th. High winds caused blizzard conditions to almost the entire South Plains, Rolling Plains, and extreme southern Texas panhandle for much of the morning into the afternoon of the 25th. Snowfall was heaviest in the south-central Texas panhandle where over one foot of snowfall was observed. Snow finally tapered off from west to east from the late afternoon through the early evening of the 25th. Areas across the southern South Plains and southern Rolling Plains received little to no snow but still recorded high winds.

Because of the blizzard conditions, travel became treacherous across the region. Numerous roads were closed including Interstate 27 between Lubbock and Amarillo. Several vehicle accidents were reported throughout the day on the 25th. Additionally, slick roads on the evening of the 25th lead to a serious vehicle accident where an ambulance flipped over and the paramedics were transported to the hospital with non-life threatening injuries. Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport was closed for all outbound and inbound flights on the 25th. Damage estimates from traffic accidents were unavailable.

Snow amounts below are from NWS cooperative weather observer reports:

Tulia (Swisher County)...15.0 inches, Silverton (Briscoe County)...13.0 inches, Happy (Swisher County)...12.0 inches, Dimmitt (Castro County)...10.0 inches, Hart (Castro County)...9.0 inches, Shallowater (Lubbock County)...8.6 inches, Muleshoe (Bailey County)...8.0 inches, Plainview (Hale County)...8.0 inches, Vigo Park (Swisher County)...8.0 inches, Olton (Lamb County)...7.5 inches, Abernathy (Hale County)...7.0 inches, Matador (Motley County)...7.0 inches, Littlefield (Lamb County)...7.0 inches, Turkey (Hall County)...7.0 inches, Friona (Parmer County)...7.0 inches, Northfield (Motley County)...6.0 inches, Bovina (Parmer County)...6.0 inches, Roaring Springs (Motley County)...6.0 inches, Memphis (Hall County)...6.0 inches, Paducah (Cottle County)...5.0 inches, WFO Lubbock (Lubbock County)...4.5 inches, Childress (Childress County)...4.5 inches, Ralls (Crosby County)...4.5 inches, Levelland (Hockley County)...4.5 inches, Afton (Dickens County)...4.0 inches, Morton (Cochran County)...4.0 inches, Floydada (Floyd County)...3.5 inches, Plains (Yoakum County)...3.0 inches, Jayton (Kent County)...1.0 inch, Brownfield (Terry County)...1.0 inch, and Denver City (Yoakum County)...1.0 inch.

172 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle

Sustained maximum high wind reports below are from the Texas Tech University West Texas mesonet and Automated Surface Observation System: O'Donnell (Lynn County)...50 mph, Graham (Garza County)...50 mph, Amherst (Lamb County)...47 mph, Hart (Castro County)...46 mph, Tulia (Swisher County)...45 mph, Dimmitt (Castro County)...44 mph, Anton (Hockley County)...44 mph, Plains (Yoakum County)...44 mph, Abernathy (Hale County)...43 mph, Childress ASOS (Childress County)...43 mph, Brownfield (Terry County)...43 mph, Friona (Parmer County)...42 mph, White River Lake (Crosby County)...42 mph, Memphis (Hall County)...41 mph, Muleshoe (Bailey County)...40 mph, and Paducah (Cottle County)...40 mph.

Maximum high wind gust reports below are from the Texas Tech University West Texas mesonet and Automated Surface Observation System: O'Donnell (Lynn County)...67 mph, Graham (Garza County)...65 mph, Olton (Lamb County)...59 mph, Levelland (Hockley County)...59 mph, Reese Center (Lubbock County)...58 mph, Wolfforth (Lubbock County)...58 mph, and Lubbock ASOS (Lubbock County)...58 mph.

TEXAS, Southeast Hardin County 4 NW Village Mills 11 1001CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Car and property damage with quarter to nickel sized hail per ham radio operator.

Tyler County 2 ENE Warren 11 1011CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

KBMT relayed a report of 1 inch hail just east of Warren. Tyler County 4 SE Hillister 11 1020CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

The Tyler County Sheriffs Office reported quarter sized hail 10 miles WSW of Spurger on Farm to Market 1013.

Jasper County 4 E Jasper 11 1043CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Jasper Police sent a picture of hail ranging in size from penny sized to quarter sized.

A strong cold front sweeps through Southeast Texas with strong to severe storms ahead of the boundary.

Tyler County 2 NNE Doucette 21 1254CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Tyler County Sheriffs Department reported widespread wind gusts in excess of 60 mph with a severe thunderstorm. Hail was also reported, however the size was unknown. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Jasper County 4 W Curtis 21 1317CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Jasper Sheriffs Department relayed a public report of trees blown down about 8 miles west of Jasper from a severe storm.

A weakening cold front advanced into Southeast Texas with showers and storms ahead of the boundary. A couple of storms became severe. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

TEXAS, West

TXZ074-258 Davis/Apache Mountains Area - Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County

09 1250CST 0351CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong winds occurred in the Guadalupe and Davis Mountains in West Texas due to a strong upper trough passing by to the north of the region.

173 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, West TXZ258 Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County 20 2118MST 21 1551MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

TXZ074-258 Davis/Apache Mountains Area - Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County

21 0610CST 1600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong mid level winds within southwesterly flow aloft ahead of a potent shortwave trough resulted in high winds over the higher terrain of West Texas.

TXZ258 Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County 24 1351MST 1851MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

TXZ045>048-050> Andrews - Borden - Crane - Davis/Apache Mountains Area - Dawson - Ector - Gaines - Guadalupe 052-061>062-068> Mountains of Culberson County - Howard - Martin - Midland - Pecos - Reagan - Scurry - Upton 070-074>075-258 25 0010CST 1705CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cutoff low moved over New Mexico and the Texas Panhandle, and resulted in blizzard conditions to the north of the upper low track and strong winds and blowing dust across West Texas.

TEXAS, Western North

TXZ083>090 Archer - Baylor - Clay - Foard - Hardeman - Knox - Wichita - Wilbarger

01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 Drought

A few minor precipitation events occurred over western north Texas in February. Overall, drought conditions remained relatively unchanged.

25 0800CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

TXZ084 Foard 25 0800CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong winter storm system moved from west Texas into southern Oklahoma overnight on the 24th and lasted through the morning hours of the 26th. Very heavy snowfall occurred to the north and west of the upper low, blanketing portions of north Texas in considerable snowfall. As surface low pressure strengthened over southern Oklahoma, very gusty northwest winds developed, leading to near blizzard conditions for several hours over parts of western north Texas. The winter storm gradually moved east through the day on the 25th and slowly exited the region by the morning of the 26th.

UTAH, East

UTZ028 La Sal & Abajo Mountains 23 1400MST 24 0400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A moist Pacific trough and associated cold front moved through eastern Utah and brought significant snow to the Eastern Uinta Mountains.

174 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

UTAH, West and Central UTZ001>008 Cache Valley/Utah Portion - Great Salt Lake Desert and Mountains/Wendover/Snowville - Northern Wasatch Front/Brigham City/Ogden Bountiful - Salt Lake and Toole Valleys - Southern Wasatch Front/Lehi/Provo/Nephi - Wasatch Mountain Valleys/Huntsville/Park City/Heber - Wasatch Mountains I80 North - Wasatch Mountains South of I80 23 0200MST 24 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong cold front entered Utah on the morning of February 23, producing gusty winds and heavy snow, primarily across the northern half of the state. Snow showers continued through the night and into the morning of the 24th, especially east and south of the Great Salt Lake.

VERMONT, North and Central

VTZ001-005 Grand Isle - Western Chittenden - Western Franklin 08 0400EST 2300EST 0 0 35.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

VTZ009-011-016> Eastern Addison - Eastern Chittenden - Eastern Franklin - Western Addison - Western Rutland 018 08 0400EST 09 0000EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

VTZ006-008 Lamoille - Washington 08 0500EST 09 0200EST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

VTZ003-007 Caledonia - Essex - Orleans 08 0500EST 09 0400EST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

VTZ010-012-019 Eastern Rutland - Orange - Windsor 08 0700EST 09 0600EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

This snowfall event was a two-part system across Vermont. The first part was largely confined to the northern half of Vermont and occurred during the morning and afternoon hours of February 8th. This event was caused by a relatively strong, but slowly dissipating storm from the Great Lakes into northern New York. Snowfall totals from this event were 4 to 10 inches across the northern half of Vermont with very little across southern Vermont. The second event was a large, powerful Nor'easter that moved south of Long Island and Cape Cod during the night of February 8th. Snow from this system reached southern Vermont during the evening and continued until mid-morning of February 9th. Snowfall from this event ranged from 4 to 16 inches with the greatest across the higher terrain of southeast Vermont.

VTZ003-006-016 Eastern Franklin - Lamoille - Orleans 20 1100EST 21 0800EST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A powerful storm traveled from the Great Lakes on February 19th across the St. Lawrence Valley of Canada and merged with a developing coastal low in Quebec on February 20th. Marginal temperature profiles, a persistent north-northwest flow and limited moisture to the windward side of the northern Green Mountains of Vermont accounted for a localized and highly variable snowfall event. Snowfall totals of 8 to 14 inches were largely confined to the hilly terrain of Lamoille, eastern Franklin and western Orleans counties with some localized amounts exceeding 20 inches.

VTZ012-019 Eastern Rutland - Windsor 27 0400EST 28 0000EST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

175 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VERMONT, North and Central

A dissipating low pressure system across the Great Lakes and strengthening low pressure around the Delmarva peninsula accounted for a general 1 to 3 inches in the central and northern Valleys with 3 to 6 inch snowfall across higher terrain in central and northern Vermont and 6 to 12 inches across the southern Green Mountains on February 27th.

VERMONT, South

VTZ014-015 Eastern Windham - Western Windham 08 1600EST 09 0930EST 0 0 Winter Storm

VTZ013 Bennington 08 1630EST 09 0930EST 0 0 Winter Weather

On the morning hours of Thursday, Februrary 8th, an area of low pressure rapidly developed off the mid-Atlantic coast. The development of this storm was aided by the phasing with another strong upper level disturbance moving towards the coast from the Great Lakes region. As this developing storm moved northeast off the Northeast coast from the late morning of February 8th and into the overnight hours, a large amount of Atlantic moisture was pulled westward, producing a widespread snowfall. The snow fell heaviest during the evening and into the overnight hours, with snowfall rates of one to two inches per hour at times across the high terrain of the southern Greens Mountains and eastern portions of Windham County. In addition, strong northeast winds allowed for blowing and drifting of snowfall. The snowfall tapered off during the morning hours of Saturday, February 9th, although blowing and drifting continued through the day. Total snowfall amounts ranged from 6 inches in valley areas of southwestern Vermont to a foot and a half across the southern Green Mountains and Connecticut Valley region of Windham County.

27 0100EST 28 0340EST 0 0 Winter Storm

VTZ014 Western Windham 27 0130EST 28 0340EST 0 0 Winter Storm

VTZ015 Eastern Windham 27 0200EST 28 0340EST 0 0 Winter Weather

An area of low pressure over the Ohio Valley approached the region after midnight on Wednesday, February 27th. Snow, moderate to heavy at times, broke out across the southern Green Mountains during the early morning hours. Light snowfall also developed across the valley areas of southern Vermont. Another area of low pressure developed over the mid-Atlantic region and moved northeast inland across the region later during the morning hours of Wednesday, February 27th. The track of this low allowed warmer air, both at the surface and aloft, to move into the region. After sunrise on the 27th, the precipitation changed to rain and become spotty across the lower elevations, but upslope flow allowed steady precipitation to continue across the higher terrain through the day. Although some mixing with sleet and freezing rain occurred, the precipitation remained mainly snow for a long enough period of time across the higher terrain of the southern Green Mountains to allow for moderate to heavy accumulations of snow to occur. The steady precipitation tapered off to snow showers during the early morning hours of Thursday, February 28th. By Thursday, February 28th, storm total snowfall greatly varied according to elevation. While valley areas only had an inch or two in southwest Vermont, higher elevations across the southern Green Mountains saw between 8 and 19 inches of snow. Three to 8 inches fell across the Connecticut River Valley of southeastern Vermont.

176 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, East

VAZ060-065>068- Accomack - Amelia - Charles City - Chesapeake - Chesterfield - Dinwiddie - Gloucester - Greensville - Isle 070-080>082-084- of Wight - James City - Lunenburg - Mathews - Mecklenburg - Newport News - Norfolk - Northampton - 086>100 Nottoway - Prince Edward - Prince George - Southampton - Suffolk - Surry - Sussex - Virginia Beach - York 16 1300EST 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure intensifying off the northern Mid Atlantic Coast produced between one half inch and two inches of snow across portions of south central Virginia.

VIRGINIA, Extreme Southwest

VAZ006-008 Russell - Washington 26 1100EST 1530EST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K High Wind

A deep area of low pressure moved into the region increasing the pressure gradient resulting in high non-thunderstorm wind over the area. The damaging wind was primarily across the higher elevations. Several trees were downed by the wind. In addition, a tree fell on a mobile home near Swords Creek Road in Honaker.

VIRGINIA, North

VAZ042-053>056- Arlington - Fairfax - Loudoun - Northern Fauquier - Southern Fauquier - Spotsylvania - Stafford 501>502 01 0500EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A clipper system moved through the Mid Atlantic in the early morning hours and produced advisory level snowfall in the Baltimore and Washington DC metro areas.

VAZ503 Western Highland 02 1500EST 03 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A large upper level trough was located across the eastern United States. Northwest flow from a cold air mass caused upslope snow showers to occur across the Allegheny Front.

04 1600EST 05 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A clipper system moved through the region in northwest flow aloft. This clipper system produced short lived snow bands that produced several inches of snow in the higher terrain including the Allegheny Front and Potomac Highlands.

VAZ036>040-042- Albemarle - Culpeper - Greene - Loudoun - Madison - Nelson - Northern Fauquier - Orange - 050>051-501>502 Rappahannock - Southern Fauquier 08 0000EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The Mid Atlantic was located between low pressure to the west and east. This led to northerly flow overnight. Low pressure to the east intensified as it moved northward. Surface temperatures were marginal and the rain-snow line was close to the I-95 corridor.

VAZ026>031-037> Albemarle - Arlington - Clarke - Culpeper - Fairfax - Frederick - Greene - Loudoun - Madison - Orange - 040-042-050>054- Page - Prince William - Rappahannock - Rockingham - Shenandoah - Southern Fauquier - Warren 502 22 1000EST 23 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A stacked low pressure system was over the Northern Plains. High pressure to the north caused below freezing temperatures to advect southward into the Mid Atlantic. Southerly flow aloft and ahead of low pressure led to above freezing temperatures above the below freezing surface. Freezing rain occurred in most areas in the Mid Atlantic.

177 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, North VAZ038-503-504 Eastern Highland - Greene - Western Highland 26 0900EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

VAZ025-036>038 Albemarle - Augusta - Greene - Nelson - Rockingham 26 0900EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

VAZ029-039-040 Madison - Page - Rappahannock 26 1000EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

VAZ027-030-039 Frederick - Madison - Shenandoah - Warren 26 1000EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A secondary low pressure system formed over the Carolinas as the primary system moved northward and was located across the Central Plains/Ohio Valley. High pressure over New England and northerly winds brought below freezing temperatures across the Potomac Highlands. Over running precipitation was able to melt and re-freeze on contact.

VIRGINIA, Southwest

VAZ009 Smyth 02 1355EST 03 2055EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

As a cold front, and a wave of energy along the front, passed across the region light snow increased to heavier snow across mainly the higher elevations across parts of the Mountain Empire region of Virginia. The higher snow amounts were around six inches.

VAZ022 Roanoke 07 2054EST 08 0254EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

Low pressure tracked across the southeast U.S. to along the coast of the mid-Atlantic region February 7th through the 8th. A mix of snow, sleet, and freezing rain occurred across parts of southeast Virginia. Roanoke County and the City of Roanoke received a generous amount of snow with most of this area receiving between four to five inches.

VAZ046-059 Appomattox - Buckingham - Charlotte 16 0715EST 2015EST 0 0 Winter Weather

An strong area of low upper pressure crossing the region on February 16th. An area of surface low pressure developed over the mountains of North Carolina during the morning and moved into the Piedmont of Virginia by the afternoon. A narrow band of snow formed on the west side of this surface low and produced 4 to 7 inches of snow along the border of Appomattox and Buckingham Counties, and also isolated pockets of 4 to 6 inches occurred over parts of Charlotte County.

VAZ015>017-032 Carroll - Floyd - Grayson - Patrick 26 0625EST 1730EST 0 0 Ice Storm

As low pressure progressed through the Mississippi Valley into the Ohio Valley it brought relatively mild moisture into the central Appalachians. Cold high pressure was in place at the surface along and east of the Appalachians when the moisture arrived. The result was a rain that fell and froze when it reached the surface and formed a layer of ice to a thickness of one- quarter inch.

VAZ007 Tazewell 26 0830EST 1030EST 0 0 7.0K High Wind

178 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest

A strong pressure gradient developed between low pressure moving into the Great Lakes region and high pressure over New England. The result was very strong southerly winds that brought down a few trees over Tazewell County. A power line was brought down near Tazewell by one of these trees.

WASHINGTON, Northeast

WAZ031-037 Northeast Blue Mountains - Northeast Mountains 22 1000PST 23 0400PST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A potent and moist Pacific storm system slammed into the Inland Northwest from the afternoon hours of February 22nd through midday on the 23rd. A combination of moist isentropic ascent coupled with strong orographic flow resulted in heavy mountain snow across the mountains of Eastern Washington. Snow levels started off near valley floors but eventually rose near 3000 feet as warmer air punched into the region. Valley locations across Northeastern Washington received between one to three inches of snow while eight to twelve inches fell in the mountains.

WASHINGTON, Northwest

WAZ503 Western Whatcom 07 0244PST 0444PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

There was brief high wind at Sandy Point Shores.

WAZ518 West Slopes Northern Cascades and Passes 24 1800PST 25 2000PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A Pacific frontal system brought heavy snow to the Mt Baker area of the North Cascades.

WAZ001-503-510 Admiralty Inlet Area - San Juan - Western Whatcom 25 0654PST 1156PST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K High Wind

There were a few hours of high wind in three of four northwest interior zones.

WASHINGTON, Southeast

WAZ030 Northwest Blue Mountains 22 1200PST 23 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong pacific storm system moved across the interior Pacific Northwest over the weekend of the 22nd and provided several inches of snow over a 24-48 hour period, mainly above 4000ft. Ski Bluewood reported 22 inches of new snow over a 48 hour period.

WAZ028 Lower Columbia Basin 22 1700PST 1900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A cold front pushed across the area forcing strong winds aloft to the surface, mainly over the Hanford and Richland areas. Wind gust reported in MPH include: (61) 5 miles N of Richland, (64) 10 miles NNW of Richland, and (58) 9 miles NNE of Richland.

179 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Southwest WAZ019 West Slopes Southern Cascades and Passes 22 0400PST 23 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Cold air behind a Pacific cold front brought widespread heavy snow to the South Washington Cascades.

WEST VIRGINIA, East

WVZ501-503 Western Grant - Western Mineral 02 1500EST 03 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A large upper level trough was located across the eastern United States. Northwest flow from a cold air mass caused upslope snow showers to occur across the Allegheny Front.

WVZ505 Western Pendleton 04 1600EST 05 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WVZ050-055-501> Eastern Grant - Eastern Mineral - Hampshire - Hardy - Morgan - Western Grant - Western Mineral 504 04 1600EST 05 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A clipper system moved through the region in northwest flow aloft. This clipper system produced short lived snow bands that produced several inches of snow in the higher terrain including the Allegheny Front and Potomac Highlands.

WVZ505 Western Pendleton 08 1400EST 09 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The Mid Atlantic was located between low pressure to the west and east. This led to northerly flow overnight. Low pressure to the east intensified as it moved northward. Surface temperatures were marginal and the rain-snow line was close to the I-95 corridor.

13 1300EST 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A short wave trough moved over the Mid Atlantic as low pressure continued to intensify east of the region. Cold air advection and westerly flow led to enhancements of snowfall in the up slope regions of the Allegheny Front including Pendleton County.

WVZ501-505 Western Grant - Western Pendleton 16 2300EST 17 0700EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Strong low pressure off the New England coast caused a cold northwest flow over the mountains of West Virginia. The northwest wind picked up moisture from the Great Lakes, causing snow showers across locations along and west of the Allegheny Front.

WVZ505 Western Pendleton 19 0600EST 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure was located across the Great Lakes with an associated cold front extending from it. Pre-frontal snow showers occurred in the higher elevations including Pendleton County.

WVZ050>053-055- Berkeley - Eastern Grant - Eastern Mineral - Eastern Pendleton - Hampshire - Hardy - Jefferson - 501>506 Morgan - Western Grant - Western Mineral - Western Pendleton 22 1000EST 23 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

180 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, East

A stacked low pressure system was over the Northern Plains. High pressure to the north caused below freezing temperatures to advect southward into the Mid Atlantic. Southerly flow aloft and ahead of low pressure led to above freezing temperatures above the below freezing surface. Freezing rain occurred in most areas in the Mid Atlantic.

WVZ501-505-506 Eastern Pendleton - Western Grant - Western Pendleton 26 0900EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WVZ050-055-502> Eastern Grant - Eastern Mineral - Hampshire - Hardy - Western Mineral 504 26 1000EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A secondary low pressure system formed over the Carolinas as the primary system moved northward and was located across the Central Plains/Ohio Valley. High pressure over New England and northerly winds brought below freezing temperatures across the Potomac Highlands. Over running precipitation was able to melt and re-freeze on contact.

WVZ501-505 Western Grant - Western Pendleton 28 0800EST 2359EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A large area of low pressure was centered off the New England coast. A disturbance with enough moisture produced snow showers with accumulating snow in the higher elevations.

WEST VIRGINIA, North

WVZ041 Tucker 01 0000EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

A fast moving clipper system moved south of the Upper Ohio valley brushing areas from Pittsburgh south with snow. Across Tucker county much higher amounts of a very dry and fluffy snow fell. Amounts from the evening of January 31st into early morning of February 1st were near 10 inches across the county.

WVZ023-041 Preston - Tucker 04 1400EST 05 0430EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A fast moving low pressure system crossing the Ohio valley brought widespread snow to the region. While most locations received between 2-5 inches, 6-8 inches of snow was reported in the higher elevations of Preston and Tucker counties in West Virginia and Garrett county in Maryland.

26 1000EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

WVZ041 Tucker 26 1000EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

A deepening low pressure system that developed over the Ohio Valley and moved northeastward brought mixed precipitation areas along the mountains in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland. While strong isentropic lift provided for mainly rain over much of the region, cold air damming along the mountains allowed for surface temperatures to remain below freezing. A tenth to one quarter of an inch of ice was reported in Fayette county in PA, Preston and Tucker counties in WV, and Garrett county MD.

181 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, Southeast WVZ042-045 Greenbrier - Mercer 02 1052EST 03 0145EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

As a cold front, and a wave of energy along the front, passed across the region light snow increased to heavier snow across mainly the higher west-facing slopes of southeast West Virginia. The higher snow amounts ranged from around five to twelve inches.

WEST VIRGINIA, West

WVZ037>039-046> Nicholas - Pocahontas - Randolph - Upshur - Webster 047 01 0001EST 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An arctic cold front swept through during the early morning hours on the 1st. The on and off snow showers, that fell during Jan 31st, became a steadier heavier snow by 0000E. The snow diminished to snow showers by 1000E. Snow accumulations of 4 to 8 inches were common in Upshur, Randolph, Webster, Nicholas, and Pocahontas Counties. Amounts of 2 to 3 inches were widespread in the southern coal fields and western lowlands.

WVZ035>038-046> Fayette - Nicholas - Pocahontas - Raleigh - Randolph - Webster 047 02 1200EST 03 2000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

After a cold dawn, with temperatures on either side of zero, strong warm air advection developed light snow by midday on the 2nd. One to 3 inches of snow was common into the evening hours. After a late night lull, snow showers increased during the morning of the 3rd. Mid level disturbances combined with plentiful low level moisture. The snow showers decreased during the evening on the 4th. In well over 24 hours, 4 to 8 inches of snow fell in the central and southern mountain counties with less in the lowlands.

WVZ008>011-016> Barbour - Calhoun - Doddridge - Gilmer - Harrison - Jackson - Lewis - Pleasants - Pocahontas - Randolph 020-029>032-038> - Ritchie - Roane - Taylor - Tyler - Upshur - Webster - Wirt - Wood 040-046>047 04 1600EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Another fast moving clipper system brought mostly 2 to 3 inches of snow to northern counties of West Virginia during about a 6 hour period during the late afternoon and evening. Travel delays were widespread on area roads during the early evening.

WVZ037>039-046> Nicholas - Pocahontas - Randolph - Upshur - Webster 047 16 1800EST 17 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A reinforcing cold front swept through during the evening of the 16th. The coverage and intensity of the snow showers increased, especially in the central mountains. The snow showers diminished after dawn on the 17th. Snow accumulations of 3 to 5 inches were common in the central mountains. Temperatures fell into the single digits across the high terrain for the morning of the 17th.

WVZ035 Raleigh 26 0700EST 1630EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

WVZ046-047 Pocahontas - Randolph 26 0830EST 1430EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Ice Storm

182 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, West

With low pressure in the lower Ohio Valley and high pressure off the New England coast, a strong southeast wind flow developed during the day on the 26th. Wind gusts of 40 to 45 mph were common over the high terrain in the mountainous counties. The strongest measured gusts occurred over the favored terrain across the southern mountains. The Raleigh County airport near Beckley measured a gust to 53 mph near 1400E. The same southeast winds kept temperatures in the 25 to 30 degree range into the early afternoon across Pocahontas, plus eastern and southern Randolph County. A quarter to a half inch of ice accumulated on trees and elevated metal surfaces from freezing rain during the mid morning into the early afternoon. The mountain ridges, such as Cheat Mountain, had the ice amounts near a half inch. Due to the daylight hour and time of year, most roads were just wet. A few tree branches did fall, from the combination of the ice accretion and the wind. The melted down liquid amounts were mostly in the .3 to .4 range.

WISCONSIN, Northeast

WIZ005-010-018 Lincoln - Oneida - Vilas 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Severe drought (D2) conditions that developed in parts of Lincoln County, Oneida County and Vilas County in November 2012 continued into March 2013.

WIZ050 Manitowoc 07 0600CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Heavy snow fell in Manitowoc County and north winds gusted to 30 mph at times as a low pressure system moved across Illinois and into Indiana. The highest snowfall totals during the storm included 9.5 inches at Two Rivers, 8.2 inches on the south side of Manitowoc, and 8.0 inches at Valders. Two Rivers also had some snow on February 6th, leaving them with a two-day total of 10.8 inches.

26 2000CST 27 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Heavy snow fell in Manitowoc County, and winds gusted to over 40 mph near Lake Michigan, as a low pressure system moved across southern Illinois to near Detroit, MI. Lake enhancement contributed to the high snowfall totals. Some of the highest totals included 13.0 inches at Kiel, 12.0 inches at Manitowoc, and 9.2 inches at Two Rivers.

WISCONSIN, Northwest

WIZ001-004-006> Burnett - Douglas - Iron - Price - Sawyer - Washburn 009 01 0000CST 28 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Severe Drought (D2) conditions continued from far Western Douglas County, all of Burnett county, the southern half of Washburn County, extreme southern Sawyer County and most of Price County.

WIZ001>004-006 Ashland - Bayfield - Burnett - Douglas - Iron 10 0500CST 11 1800CST 0 0 Winter Storm

A low pressure system moved northeast across Iowa and northern Wisconsin. Snow and freezing rain began to spread across northwestern Wisconsin early in the morning of the 10th and covered the entire region by the early afternoon. The storm featured snow rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour for about 6 hours at times. Final snowfall amounts ranged from about 5 to 8 inches across much of northwestern Wisconsin. Some areas had significant freezing rain. There was a report of 0.3 of freezing rain in Bayfield, WI.

WIZ004 Iron 18 1600CST 20 0000CST 0 0 Lake-Effect Snow

183 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Northwest

Heavy lake effect snow fell in Iron County in Wisconsin on February 18th and 19th. Some areas got between 8 and 10 inches, including 9.5 inches in Gile, 9 inches in Hurley, and 8.7 inches in Upson.

WIZ003 Ashland 22 0700CST 23 0500CST 0 0 Lake-Effect Snow

Heavy lake effect snow fell across portions of Ashland County in Wisconsin on February 22nd and 23rd. Snowfall amounts included 9.3 inches at Madeline Island, 7 inches at High Bridge, and nearly 7 inches 6 miles south of Ashland.

WISCONSIN, Southeast

WIZ056-062-067> Dane - Green - Iowa - Lafayette - Rock - Sauk - Walworth 070 03 2000CST 04 0900CST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snowfall accumulations of 3 to 4 inches were measured mainly along and south of a Wisconsin Dells to Madison to Lake Geneva line. The snow fell during the overnight hours of February 2nd into the morning commute hours of February 3rd and resulted in the usual dozens of vehicle accidents due to slippery and/or icy roads. The snow as generated by an Alberta Clipper -type short wave trough which tracked across Wisconsin. Strong isentropic omega and sloped frontogenetic forcing along with relatively high snow to liquid ratios between 18:1 and 23:1 made this system a very efficient snow maker.

WIZ052-059-064> Jefferson - Kenosha - Milwaukee - Ozaukee - Racine - Sheboygan - Walworth - Washington - Waukesha 066-070>072 07 0600CST 2327CST 0 0 Winter Storm

A major winter storm hit the Great Lakes region on February 7th, resulting in heavy snow across South-Central and especially Southeast Wisconsin, where snow totals reached 7 to 9 inches. The precipitation started out as a mix of freezing rain, sleet and snow early in the morning and changed to all snow by mid-morning. The greatest snow accumulations were reached during the evening commute, creating hazardous travel conditions. The responsible low pressure system came out of the Southern Plains the morning of the 7th and intensified as it crossed southern Illinois and central Indiana during the day and into the evening.

WIZ046-051-056> Columbia - Dane - Dodge - Fond Du Lac - Green - Green Lake - Iowa - Lafayette - Marquette - Rock - 058-062>063-067> Sauk 069 07 0600CST 2359CST 0 0 Winter Weather

A winter weather event deposited snow totals of 3 to 7 inches across parts of South-Central and Southeast Wisconsin on February 7th. The precipitation started out as a mix of freezing rain, sleet and snow early in the morning and changed to all snow by mid-morning. The greatest snow accumulations were reached during the evening commute, creating hazardous travel conditions. Some of the higher snow totals included 6.8 inches in the Town of Westford in Dodge County and 6.1 inches 1 mile south of Columbus in Columbia County. The responsible low pressure system came out of the Southern Plains the morning of the 7th and intensified as it crossed southern Illinois and central Indiana during the day and into the evening.

WIZ056-062-067> Dane - Green - Iowa - Lafayette - Rock - Sauk 069 21 2300CST 22 1355CST 0 0 Winter Weather

WIZ046-051>052- Columbia - Dodge - Fond Du Lac - Green Lake - Jefferson - Kenosha - Marquette - Milwaukee - Ozaukee - 057>060-064>066- Racine - Sheboygan - Walworth - Washington - Waukesha 070>072 22 0100CST 1355CST 0 0 Winter Weather

South-Central and Southeast Wisconsin picked up 3 to 4 inches of snow due to yet another winter weather event. This snow was accompanied by east winds gusting to 30 mph which caused some blowing and minor drifting of snow that reduced visibilities. The responsible low pressure moved northeast from the Southern Plains to Missouri the night of February 21st and across southern Wisconsin during the day on February 22nd.

184 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Southeast WIZ059-065>066- Kenosha - Milwaukee - Ozaukee - Racine - Walworth - Washington - Waukesha 070>072 26 1200CST 27 0645CST 0 0 Winter Storm

A winter storm affected parts of South-central and Southeast Wisconsin with steady moderate to heavy snow. Snowfall accumulations of 8 to 12 inches were reported over the eastern counties of Southeast Wisconsin...with the lake-influence clearly noted by the higher 12 to 18 inch accumulations where the landmass extends out into the lake around Wind Point in Racine County and eastern Sheboygan County. Oostburg, in southeast Sheboygan County, recorded 18.6 inches of snow. The rapidly accumulating heavy snows made it difficult for plowing crews to keep area roadways passable, causing closures of county roads. The rapid accumulation of snow made it difficult to keep roads clear, even in the larger cities in the east, where the snow intensity was enhanced by convergent flow along the Lake Michigan shoreline. The most rapid accumulations occurred during the early evening of February 26th, and continued overnight into the morning hours of February 27th. This winter storm was due to a deformation zone on the north side of low pressure that tracked from Missouri, across Illinois to Lower Michigan. The deformation zone lifted north through southern Wisconsin during the late afternoon and evening hours of February 26th, then stalled in an east-west fashion over East-Central Wisconsin during the overnight hours, with an easterly flow feeding additional lake moisture into the system. Later on the deformation zone rotated to a more north-south line and dropped southeast through Southeast Wisconsin during the early morning of February 27th as the low pulled away to the east.

WIZ046-056>058- Columbia - Dodge - Green - Green Lake - Iowa - Jefferson - Lafayette - Marquette - Rock - Sauk 062-064-067>069 26 1600CST 27 1045CST 0 0 Winter Weather

Yet another winter weather event affected parts of South-Central and Southeast Wisconsin inland away from Lake Michigan. Steady snow, at a moderate to at times heavy intensity, accumulated during the early evening of February 26th through the morning hours of February 27th. Snowfall accumulations ranged from 3 to 7 inches, and the usual dozens of vehicle accidents occurred. This winter weather event was related to a Winter Storm event that affected Southeast Wisconsin counties near Lake Michigan with a snow accumulations of 8 to 18 inches. The responsible low pressure system for the winter weather event and winter storm event tracked from Missouri across Illinois to Lower Michigan.

WIZ051-063 Dane - Fond Du Lac - Sheboygan 26 1700CST 27 1045CST 0 0 Winter Storm

A winter storm affected parts of South-central and Southeast Wisconsin with steady moderate to heavy snow. Snowfall accumulations of 8 to 12 inches were reported over the eastern counties of Southeast Wisconsin...with the lake-influence clearly noted by the higher 12 to 18 inch accumulations where the landmass extends out into the lake around Wind Point in Racine County and eastern Sheboygan County. Oostburg, in southeast Sheboygan County, recorded 18.6 inches of snow. The rapidly accumulating heavy snows made it difficult for plowing crews to keep area roadways passable, causing closures of county roads. The rapid accumulation of snow made it difficult to keep roads clear, even in the larger cities in the east, where the snow intensity was enhanced by convergent flow along the Lake Michigan shoreline. The most rapid accumulations occurred during the early evening of February 26th, and continued overnight into the morning hours of February 27th. This winter storm was due to a deformation zone on the north side of low pressure that tracked from Missouri, across Illinois to Lower Michigan. The deformation zone lifted north through southern Wisconsin during the late afternoon and evening hours of February 26th, then stalled in an east-west fashion over East-Central Wisconsin during the overnight hours, with an easterly flow feeding additional lake moisture into the system. Later on the deformation zone rotated to a more north-south line and dropped southeast through Southeast Wisconsin during the early morning of February 27th as the low pulled away to the east.

WISCONSIN, Southwest

WIZ017-032-061 Buffalo - Grant - Taylor - Trempealeau 01 0000CST 28 0600CST 0 0 Drought

Snowfall amounts averaged 14 to 16 inches with 1 to 1.5 inches of liquid precipitation across western Wisconsin in the counties still affected by the drought. With the frozen ground, only a small amount of this precipitation was absorbed by the soil. Soil conditions improved enough across southern Grant County for that area to be removed from the severe drought. No change in the drought conditions occurred elsewhere and a severe to extreme drought remained across Buffalo, Taylor and Trempealeau Counties.

185 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Southwest WIZ044 Adams 10 0930CST 1230CST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

One person was killed in a two vehicle accident on icy roads in western Wisconsin. The accident occurred on State Highway 82 in the Township of Jackson (Adams County) where roads were ice covered from freezing rain that was falling in advance of a storm system moving northeast toward the Great Lakes region.

WIZ032 Buffalo 21 2330CST 22 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Between 5 and 8 inches of snow fell across a small section of western Wisconsin on February 21st into the 22nd. The snow was produced by an area of low pressure and warm front that moved northeast across the Upper Midwest. The heaviest snow fell during the overnight hours of the 21st when snowfall rates of an inch per hour were common. The highest reported snowfall amount was 8.3 inches at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 4 near Alma (Buffalo County).

WISCONSIN, West

WIZ014 Polk 10 0500CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large storm system brought a combination of heavy sleet, freezing rain and snow to south central and east central Minnesota, as well as portions of west central Wisconsin, Sunday morning, February 10th. Although this system was large and continued to produce occasional light snow, sleet and freezing rain through Sunday evening, the heaviest precipitation, and the bulk of the winter storm occurred Sunday morning, through early Sunday afternoon. During this time, sleet and freezing rain accumulated in portions of south central and east central Minnesota, as well as west central Wisconsin. Locally 4-6 inches fell in the far northwest corner of Polk county, with freezing rain and sleet amounts of 0.10 inches.

WYOMING, Central and West

WYZ015>019-023- East Sweetwater County - Green Mountains & Rattlesnake Range - Lander Foothills - South Lincoln 027-030 County - Star Valley - Upper Wind River Basin - Wind River Basin - Wind River Mountains East

08 1400MST 10 1800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WYZ020-022 Casper Mountain - Natrona County Lower Elevations 09 0900MST 10 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An area of low pressure moved out of the Great Basin and into northern Colorado and southern Wyoming February 8 through 10. Snow spread across much of southern and central Wyoming on the afternoon and evening of February 8 and continued in some areas until the morning of February 10. Snowfall rates of over 1 inch an hour were reported in association with some of the more intense snow. Areas to receive the heaviest snow were around Lander and on Casper Mountain. Snowfall topping one foot was commonplace around Casper with up to 21 inches on the nearby hillsides. Casper Mountain observed 16 inches with over 20 inches estimated at two SNOTEL stations. Southern portions of the Star Valley saw 8 to 15 inches of snow. Many other locations around Fremont County and on the south side of Casper reported over 6 inches of snow. The maximum across Sweetwater County was 9 inches of snow at Wamsutter.

WYZ022 Casper Mountain 23 1200MST 24 1300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A potent winter storm moved out of Utah and into southern Colorado setting the stage for heavy snow on Casper Mountain. There were numerous reports of snowfall ranging from 1 to 2 feet, including 22 inches at the Hogadon Ski Area and an estimated 23 inches at the Casper Mountain SNOTEL. Isolated reports of up to 3 feet were received from spotters on Casper Mountain and nearby Muddy Mountain.

186 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Southeast WYZ106-110-116 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range 01 0151MST 1015MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Low pressure moving across Montana generated a brief period of gusty winds over portions of the central and southern Laramie Range and north Snowy Range foothills.

04 1046MST 05 0016MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

04 1251MST 1746MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

04 1311MST 1706MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

04 1356MST 2256MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

04 1531MST 1711MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

04 1825MST 1830MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

04 1846MST 1851MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ106 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County 04 2040MST 2230MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ110 North Snowy Range Foothills 05 0040MST 0045MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A large surface pressure gradient produced strong westerly winds in the Elk Mountain, Arlington and Bordeaux areas.

WYZ101>105-109> Central Carbon County - Converse County Lower Elevations - Ferris/seminoe/shirley Mountains - 110-113>114 Niobrara County - North Laramie Range - North Snowy Range Foothills - Shirley Basin - Snowy Range - Upper North Platte River Basin 09 0300MST 10 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A vigorous low pressure system moved northeast across Colorado into Nebraska. The storm produced widespread moderate to heavy snowfall and strong northerly winds. Considerable blowing and drifting snow caused highway closures and poor visibilities. Storm total snowfall ranged from 6 to 10 inches for lower elevations, to as much as 18 inches for the mountains.

WYZ106-110-116- Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie 117 Range - South Laramie Range Foothills 13 0151MST 1401MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A large low level pressure gradient and strong winds in the upper levels produced strong and gusty west to southwest winds for portions of southeast Wyoming.

187 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Southeast WYZ112-114 Sierra Madre Range - Snowy Range 14 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather 15 A series of weak upper level disturbances in the northwest flow brought periods of light to moderate snowfall to the Snowy and Sierra Madre ranges. Four to eight inches of snow was estimated.

WYZ106 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County 16 2125MST 2130MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ110-116-117 North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range - South Laramie Range Foothills

17 0001MST 1037MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A deepening surface trough over the eastern plains and high pressure to the west of the Laramie Range generated strong gap winds across portions of southeast Wyoming.

22 2016MST 23 0546MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

22 2111MST 23 0801MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

22 2126MST 23 0501MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

22 2205MST 23 0450MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

22 2220MST 23 0325MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ106-110-116- Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie 117 Range - South Laramie Range Foothills 23 0602MST 0821MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Low pressure moving east through Montana and surface ridge building into northwest Colorado generated strong west winds with gusts to 65 mph in the wind prone areas of southeast Wyoming.

WYZ112-114 Sierra Madre Range - Snowy Range 23 1500MST 24 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong Pacific upper level storm moved through the southern Rockies. A moist upslope flow produced heavy snow over the Snowy and Sierra Madre ranges. Northwest winds of 15 to 25 mph gusting to 35 mph created poor visibilities in blowing and drifting snow. Storm total snowfall estimates ranged from 12 to 30 inches.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ230-235 Corpus Christi to Baffin Bay - Point O`Connor to Aransas Pass

06 1230CST 1336CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

Scattered thunderstorms that moved through South Texas during the morning hours emerged into the coastal waters in the afternoon. The thunderstorms produced isolated wind gusts to around 35 knots across portions of the middle Texas coast.

188 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GULF OF MEXICO GMZ043 Hawk Channel From Craig Key To West End Of Seven Mile Bridge Out To The Reef

06 1410EST 1419EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout

Waterspouts were observed in association with a northwest-to-southeast oriented convective cloud line extending from near Big Pine Key through the Atlantic waters offshore Marathon.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ472 Intracoastal City LA to Cameron LA 20 to 60nm 06 1634CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorms over the coastal waters produced a few reports of strong wind gusts.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ370 Freeport to Matagorda Ship Channel 20 to 60nm 06 2107CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind An upper level disturbance moving out of south Texas generated a line of showers and thunderstorms that produced strong gusty winds.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ455 Atchafalaya River to Intracoastal City LA out 20nm 06 2235CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorms over the coastal waters produced a few reports of strong wind gusts.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ830-853-856 Bonita Beach to Englewood FL out 20nm - Englewood to Tarpon Springs FL out 20nm - Tampa Bay

07 1852EST 2335EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A squall line developed ahead of a cold front and moved through the Florida peninsula during the afternoon and evening of February 7th. Some of the storms became strong and produced gusty winds as they approached the shoreline.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ750 Apalachicola to Destin FL out 20nm 11 1810EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout As a cold front moved south into the region and stalled, a series of upper level disturbances moved through the area with broad southwest flow and moist conditions. A weakly to moderately unstable airmass and fairly steep mid level lapse rates contributed to a severe storm that produced a water spout near St. Andrews State Park.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ031-042>044 Florida Bay - Gulf Side of the Lower Keys out 20nm - Hawk Channel From Craig Key To West End Of Seven Mile Bridge Out To The Reef - Hawk Channel From Ocean Reef To Craig Key Out To The Reef - Hawk Channel From West End Of Seven Mile Bridge To Halfmoon Shoal Out To The Reef 14 1910EST 2155EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A fast-moving squall line moved northeast across the Florida Keys and adjacent coastal waters, producing widespread gale- force wind gusts. Almost no lightning was detected as the convective line moved east of the Seven Mile Bridge.

189 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GULF OF MEXICO GMZ530 Lake Ponchartrain and Lake Maurepas 22 2140CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Hail Low pressure moving along a stationary front aided in the development of severe thunderstorms during the evening hours.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ765 Coastal Waters From Suwannee River To Keaton Beach Out To 20 Nm

23 1941EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

GMZ755 Suwannee River to Apalachicola FL out 20nm 25 1255EST 1325EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout

A series of upper level disturbances rotating around a mean upper level trough west of the area brought strong storms across the coastal waters during the Feb 24-26 period.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ230-250 Corpus Christi to Baffin Bay - Point Aransas to Baffin Bay TX out 20nm

25 1612CST 1648CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine High Wind

A strong cold front moved through South Texas during the morning. Very high winds formed over South Texas and moved into the coastal waters during the afternoon. Wind gusts ranged from 40 to 50 knots across the area.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ765 Coastal Waters From Suwannee River To Keaton Beach Out To 20 Nm

26 0627EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A series of upper level disturbances rotating around a mean upper level trough west of the area brought strong storms across the coastal waters during the Feb 24-26 period.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ830-850-853 Englewood to Tarpon Springs FL out 20nm - Tampa Bay - Tarpon Springs to Suwannee River FL out 20nm 26 0730EST 1105EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

GMZ830 Tampa Bay 26 1110EST 1112EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout

190 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GULF OF MEXICO

Dr. Robert Seigal, a SKYWARN Spotter in Florida on vacation took this photo of a waterspout in the channel between Davis Island and Harbor Island. The waterspout eventually crossed Harbor Island as a tornado, doing minor damage to several buildings.

26 1112EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind 26 1119EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A strong cold front moved across the eastern Gulf of Mexico and Tampa Bay during the morning and afternoon of the 26th. A squall line moved out ahead of the cold front, producing damaging thunderstorm wind gusts along the coastline. The storms also produced a waterspout over the Tampa Bay that briefly went over Harbor Island as a tornado, back over the water as a waterspout, and finally back onshore in Tampa as a tornado.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ354 Savannah GA to Altamaha Sound GA out 20nm 13 0743EST 0744EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A warm front lifted through the area in the morning leading to the development of showers and thunderstorms across southeast Georgia. These storms then moved over the adjacent coastal waters.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ452 Fernandina Beach to St. Augustine FL out 20nm 23 2135EST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind A surface front lingering over the coastal waters combined with a passing upper level short wave trough aloft triggered a few strong storms over the adjacent coastal waters.

25 1252EST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind 25 1255EST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind Several storms that produced large golf ball size hail moved east during the mid-morning hours under strong upper level shear and elevated CAPE, on the north side of a warm front that was draped south of Flagler county. The low level were very stable with temperatures in the 50s and 60s.

191 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic AMZ650 Jupiter Inlet to Deerfield Beach FL out 20nm 25 1745EST 1750EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout

A cold front was located over Central Florida which resulted in a southerly flow of moist and unstable air across South Florida producing scattered showers over northeast Palm Beach County. These showers moved to the southeast and offshore into the Atlantic waters.

ATLANTIC, North

ANZ235-254 Provincetown MA to Chatham MA to Nantucket MA out 20nm - Rhode Island Sound

08 1749EST 2220EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine High Wind

An historic winter storm deposited tremendous amounts of snow over all of southern New England, mainly from the mid- afternoon on Friday, February 8 and lasting into the daylight hours of Saturday, February 9. What made this an amazing storm was the widespread coverage of heavy snowfall. Most locations received 2 to 2.5 feet of snow! A stationary band of even heavier snowfall persisted from southwest NH through central MA and on to the southwest across central and western CT. In those areas, reports averaged closer to 2.5 to 3 feet! Along the southeast MA coast, average amounts ranged from 1 to 2 feet. Only on Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket were snowfall totals less than 1 foot (6 to 12 inches). Isolated thunderstorms were common across the entire region during the height of the storm. A low pressure system advancing from the Great Lakes region combined forces with a very moist low pressure system moving northeast from the Gulf Coast states. Explosive deepening took place Friday evening, February 8, as a low center moved from the North Carolina coast to south of Nantucket. Strong high pressure to the north of New England helped ensure that cold air remained in place over the area. Snowfall gained intensity during the afternoon, but during the night, 2 to 3 inch per hour amounts were common throughout the region. The band of heaviest snowfall, with 3 to 5 inches per hour for several hours, extended from southwest NH to central and western CT. The precipitation started as mainly snow, although a brief period of rain at the onset was common on the Islands. Snow ended in the morning in western and central MA, southwest NH, most of CT and RI, and in the early afternoon across eastern MA. It lingered during the whole afternoon over Cape Cod and Nantucket, aided by some ocean-effect bands of snowfall. The Blizzard of 2013 also produced a prolonged period of very strong winds Friday night along the MA and RI coasts. Gusts exceeded hurricane force (74 mph) at a few locations. Gale force gusts (to 50 mph) continued on the MA coast through Saturday afternoon. The strong winds, combined with a wet snow, led to extensive power outages from downed trees and wires in southeast coastal MA and in southern RI. Elsewhere, farther inland, the snow became drier and did not cling to trees like it did along the south and southeast coast of New England. Some wind gusts included: 76 mph at Logan Intl. Airport (Boston, MA), 75 mph at Bedford, MA, 77 mph at Hyannis, MA and 68 mph in Jamestown, RI. Damaging gusts to 60 mph were recorded as far west as Worcester County, MA. Wind gusts of 35 to 50 mph were common elsewhere in southern New England.

ATLANTIC, North

ANZ631-634 Chesapeake Bay From Little Creek - Chesapeake Bay New Point Comfort to Cape Henry VA - Chesapeake Bay Windmill Point to New Point Comfort VA 26 1924EST 2030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

Showers in advance of a low pressure area produced gusty winds across portions of the Chesapeake Bay.

PACIFIC

GUZ007 Saipan 18 1700GST 2200GST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Rip Current

In the late afternoon of Monday 18 February, a male Russian tourist, 60 years old, was drowned off of Obyan Beach on southern Saipan after he ventured outside the reef while snorkeling and was carried out in strong rip currents. At about 2140 GST, his body was located by the crew of a Coast guard helicopter, and subsequently recovered. M60IW

26 1645GST 1930GST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Rip Current

192 Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 2013 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PACIFIC

A 61-year-old male Saipan resident was swept out over the reef while snorkeling at Obyan Beach on southern Saipan about 1645 GST the afternoon of Tuesday, 26 February. He was reported missing at 1930 GST. His body has not been recovered, and he is presumed drowned. M61IW

18 1700GST 2200GST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Rip Current

In the late afternoon of Monday 18 February, a male Russian tourist, 60 years old, was drowned off of Obyan Beach on southern Saipan after he ventured outside the reef while snorkeling and was carried out in strong rip currents. At about 2140 GST, his body was located by the crew of a Coast guard helicopter, and subsequently recovered. M60IW

26 1645GST 1930GST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Rip Current

A 61-year-old male Saipan resident was swept out over the reef while snorkeling at Obyan Beach on southern Saipan about 1645 GST the afternoon of Tuesday, 26 February. He was reported missing at 1930 GST. His body has not been recovered, and he is presumed drowned. M61IW

PUERTO RICO

PRZ003 Southeast 16 1500AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Wildfire Fuel dryness and enhanced sea breezes along with strong east southeast trade winds favored the development of fires mainly along the southern slopes of Puerto Rico.

193 Reference Notes:

Storm Data Disclosure

Storm Data is an official publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which documents the occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce. In addition, it is a partial record of other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occurs in connection with another event.

Some of the information appearing in Storm Data may have been provided by or gathered from sources outside the National Weather Service (NWS), such as the media, law enforcement and/or other government agencies, private companies, individuals, etc. An effort is made to use the best available information, but because of time and resource constraints, information from these sources may be unverified by the NWS. Therefore, when using information from Storm Data, customers should be cautious as the NWS does not guarantee the accuracy or validity of the information. Further, when it is apparent information appearing in Storm Data originated from a source outside the National Weather Service (frequently credit is provided), Storm Data customers requiring additional information should contact that source directly. In most cases, NWS employees will not have the knowledge to respond to such requests. In cases of legal proceedings, under Department of Commerce regulations and/or rules of the court, NWS employees are not legally obligated to provide written or verbal testimony.

Fatality Codes: For events that include a fatality, there is a code containing the gender, age and fatality location at the end of the event narrative. 1st -letter: Gender (M/F) / 2nd -numbers: Age / 3rd -letters: Fatality location (see table below) Example: M51IW – Male, 51 years of age, fatality occurred In Water.

Fatality Location Abbreviations:

BF Ball Field MH Mobile Home BO Boating OT Other BU Business OU Outside/Open Areas CA Camping PH Permanent Home EQ Heavy Equipment/Construction SC School GF Golfing TE Telephone IW In Water UT Under Tree LS Long Span Roof VE Vehicle

List of Acronyms:

NWS - National Weather Service NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WCM - Warning Coordination Meteorologist – The meteorologist at each NWS Office responsible for …………………reporting severe weather events LST - Local Standard Time Storm Data attempts to always use “Standard Time” AST - Atlantic Standard Time EST/EDT - Eastern Standard Time / Eastern Daylight Time CST/CDT - Central Standard Time / Central Daylight Time MST/MDT - Mountain Standard Time / Mountain Daylight Time …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………….._194…………………………………………………

PST/PDT - Pacific Standard Time / Pacific Daylight Time AKS - Alaska Standard Time HST - Hawaii Standard Time

Other Notes:

An “Episode” is an entire storm system and can contain many different types of events.

An “Event” is an individual type of storm event.

When listing wind speed values under “Character of Storm”, i.e. High Wind (G81): The G indicates a “Gust” which is a peak 5-second averaged wind speed in Knots (kts). 1 kt. = 1.152 mph. This number can be either E (estimated) by damage caused, or M (measured) by known calibrated anemometers. Examples: (M61) = measured 61 knots; (E75) = estimated at 75 knots.

All wind speeds listed are estimated by NWS personnel by the amount and type of damage unless otherwise noted with an “M” which represents an actual wind speed as measured by official NWS approved anemometer.

When listing hail size under “Character of Storm”, ex. Hail (2.25), the hail size is given in inches and hundredths of inches.

When listing property and crop damage, the figures indicated are the best guess made by the NWS from the available sources of information at the time of the printing.

The fatalities, injuries, and damage amounts appearing in tropical cyclone events are attributed only to wind damage experienced in the coastal counties/parishes listed. Other tropical cyclone related events such as tornadoes and flooding are listed within their separate event types.

195

The Saffir-Simpson Scale

Category One Hurricane:

Winds 74-95 mph (64-82 kts or 119-153 kph). Storm surge generally 4-5 ft above normal. No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Also, some coastal road flooding and minor pier damage.

Category Two Hurricane:

Winds 96-110 mph (83-95 kts or 154-177 kph). Storm surge generally 6-8 feet above normal. Some roofing material, door, and window damage of buildings. Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with some trees blown down. Considerable damage to mobile homes, poorly constructed signs, and piers. Coastal and low-lying escape routes flood 2-4 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Small craft in unprotected anchorages break moorings.

Category Three Hurricane:

Winds 111-130 mph (96-113 kts or 178-209 kph). Storm surge generally 9-12 ft above normal. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Damage to shrubbery and trees with foliage blown off trees and large trees blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs are destroyed. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by battering of floating debris. Terrain continuously lower than 5 ft above mean sea level may be flooded inland 8 miles (13 km) or more. Evacuation of low-lying residences with several blocks of the shoreline may be required.

Category Four Hurricane:

Winds 131-155 mph (114-135 kts or 210-249 kph). Storm surge generally 13-18 ft above normal. More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof structure failures on small residences. Shrubs, trees, and all signs are blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Extensive damage to doors and windows. Low-lying escape routes may be cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of structures near the shore. Terrain lower than 10 ft above sea level may be flooded requiring massive evacuation of residential areas as far inland as 6 miles (10 km).

Category Five Hurricane:

Winds greater than 155 mph (135 kts or 249 kph). Storm surge generally greater than 18 ft above normal. Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown over or away. All shrubs, trees, and signs blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Severe and extensive window and door damage. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of all structures located less than 15 ft above sea level and within 500 yards of the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground within 5-10 miles (8-16 km) of the shoreline may be required.

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The Enhanced Fujita Scale EF-Scale Intensity Wind Speed Typical Damage (Suggested) (mph) EF0 Gale Tornado 40 - 72 Tree branches broken, chimneys damaged, shallow-rooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged or destroyed, outbuildings and sheds destroyed.

EF1 Moderate 73 - 112 Roof surfaces peeled off, mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned, moving autos pushed off the roads, garages may be destroyed.

EF2 Significant 113 - 157 Roofs blown off frame houses; mobile homes demolished and/or destroyed, train boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted; airborne debris can cause damage.

EF3 Severe 158 - 206 Roofs and walls torn off well constructed houses; trains overturned; large trees uprooted, can knock down entire forest of trees.

EF4 Devastating 207 - 260 Well-constructed frame houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown off some distance; automobiles thrown, large airborne objects can cause significant damage.

EF5 Incredible 261 - 318 Brick, stone and cinder-block buildings destroyed, most debris is carried away by tornadic winds, large and heavy objects can be hurled in excess of 100 meters, trees debarked, asphalt peeled off of roads, steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged. EF6 Inconceivable 319 - 379 Brick, stone and cinderblock buildings destroyed, most debris is carried away by tornadic winds, large and heavy objects can be hurled in excess of 100 meters, trees debarked, asphalt peeled off of roads, steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged.

Typical EF0 Tornado Damage Typical EF1 Tornado Damage Note the trees are stripped of leaves, but the Note the uprooted trees and missing shingles trees remain standing. Only light roof from the roof. There is significant roof damage and a few missing shingles. damage.

197 Typical EF2 Tornado Damage Typical EF3 Tornado Damage This home is missing it’s entire roof but the This home is missing the entire roof as well as exterior walls remain intact. Some of the some of the exterior walls. Trees are blown stronger hardwood trees remain standing. over or snapped near the base and outbuildings are destroyed.

Typical EF4 Tornado Damage This home is almost completely obliterated, with no walls standing. The debris from the home is where the house once stood.

Typical EF5 Tornado Damage These homes have been completely removed from their original locations. The debris field has been scattered some distance from their foundation.

Typical EF5 Tornado Damage (All photographs courtesy of Brian Smith, Meteorologist, The asphalt surface has been peeled off of National Weather Service, Valley NE.) this road.

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