Noise Disturbance along Highways

Appendix: Section 3 Effect of traffic noise on avian vocalisation

Gregory Dawe and Miriam Goosem

Appendix 3.1 – Avian inhabiting the Kuranda Range as recorded for current study

Reference Suitability CODE Common name Call Alarm for analysis Song_1 Song_2 note call AZKF Azure Kingfisher 1 BCSH Barred Cuckoo-shrike 3 2661 1706 2035 BFMO Black-faced Monarch 2 3396 2173 BGNE Brown Gerygone 1 5567 BLBB Black Butcherbird 2 858 1517 1741 BOST Bower's Shrike-thrush 2 2501 2470 1477 BRCU Brown Cuckoo-dove 3 736 CHOW Chowchilla 3 890 1301 CICB Cicadabird 2 2887 2280 2632 2545 DEFP Double-eyed Fig-parrot 1 6810 6579 7373 DUHE Dusky Honeyeater 2 2973 2538/5135 2908 5914 EAWB Eastern Whipbird 3 1477 2370/3340 3634 2345 EDOV Emerald Dove 1 474 472 FIGB Figbird 2 2969 2020 3013 FGNE Fairy Gerygone 2 5435 FWRN Fernwren 1 2543 3565 GBCU Gould's Bronze Cuckoo 3 2564 2852 GHRO Grey-headed Robin 1 2275 GOWH Golden Whistler 1 2759 1908 1520/2387 GRFA Grey Fantail 1 5367 GRHE Graceful Honeyeater 5 3003 2034/4168 2708 2968 GRWH Grey Whistler 3 2679 HFRB Helmeted Friarbird 2 1426 1433 1648 KPRT King Parrot 2 2828 LBBB Lemon-breasted Boatbill 4 4182 3473 LBCU Little Bronze Cuckoo 1 3082 2812 LBGE Large-billed Gerygone 2 3054 3483 3066 LBSW Large-billed Scrubwren 2 4903 4755 4078 5049 LFLY Leaden Flycatcher 1 4227 LICS Little Cuckoo-shrike 1 MCHE Macleay's Honeyeater 4 2952 3067 3307 MTBD Mistletoebird 4 6830 MEST Metallic Starling 2 2807/8152 4386 NPTA Noisy Pitta 2 1967 1974 OFSF Orange-footed Scrub-fowl 3 912 1287 1292 PIMO Pied Monarch 2 2535 3921 3085 2596/2873

126 Appendix: Section 3

Reference Suitability CODE Common name Call Alarm for analysis Song_1 Song_2 note call PYRO Pale-yellow Robin 2 4939 6424 RALO Rainbow Lorikeet 1 RBEE Rainbow Beeeater 2 ROWL Rufous Owl 1 305 210 RUFA Rufous Fantail 2 6696 RUST Rufous (Little) Shrike-thrush 4 3079 1364/2729 2456 SCAS Southern Cassowary 1 114.5 97 SCAT Spotted Catbird 4 2579 1937 SCCT Sulphur-creasted Cockatoo 1 2148 SCHE Scarlet Honeyeater 1 SEYE Silvereye 4 3552 3250 SFDV Superb Fruit-dove 3 356 345 470 SPAR Striated 1 SPDR Spangled Drongo 3 SPMO Spectacled Monarch 5 5789 3199 SQTK Square-tailed Kite 1 SUNB Sunbird 3 4823 3525 3834 TOPP Topknot Pigeon 1 TRSW Tropical Scrubwren 1 3846 4579 VATR Varied Triller 3 2622 3076 VRBD Victoria's Riflebird 3 2491 WBWS White-breasted Woodswallow 1 WEMO White-eared Monarch 1 2629 3552 WOMP Wompoo Pigeon 5 578 282 504 WRSW White-rumped Swiftlet 1 YOLE Yellow Oriole 4 1555 1337 1222 YSHE Yellow-spotted Honeyeater 5 2735/5415 4665 3294 2945 YTSW Yellow-throated Scrubwren 3 4522 LFWR Lovely fairy-wren 1 8200

127 Gregory Dawe and Miriam Goosem

Appendix 3.2 – Dominant frequency of song for 18 Kuranda Range species

8,000 Distance from edge 0 metres 200 metres 6,000

4,000

2,000 95% CI Song dominant frequency dominant Song CI 95%

0 Cockatoo Silvereye Chowchilla Honeyeater Varied Triller Grey Whistler Spotted Catbird Yellow-spotted Wompoo Pigeon Sulphur-crested Eastern Whipbird Victoria's Riflebird Dusky honeyeater Spectacled Monarch Brown Cuckoo-dove Graceful Honeyeater Rufous Shrike-thrush Rufous Barred Cuckoo-Shrike Macleay's Honeyeater Double-eyed Fig-parrot Species_ID

128

Noise Disturbance along Highways

Appendix: Section 4 Effect of traffic noise on avian populations and biodiversity

Gregory Dawe and Miriam Goosem

Appendix 4.1 – List of avian species recorded in 2005 Kuranda range survey

Table A4.1: Avian species of the Kuranda Range (including conservation status, and habitat / feeding / strata guilds). Species shaded green are of conservation interest according to five status classifications described by Williams (2006). Status code indicates species is listed as Rare (R), Vulnerable (V) or Endangered (E) under either the Nature Conservation Act (Qld) 2001, The World Conservation Union Red List of Threatened Species 2001, or the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999; or is endemic to the Wet Tropics or is a regionally endemic subspecies (ES). Habitat, feeding and strata guild classification are from Williams (2006), Lawson (2004) and Moloney (2005).

CODE Common name Scientific name Status Habitat Feeding Strata

Rainforest its main habitat. KPRT Australian King Parrot Alisterus scapularis ES Omnivores Exclusive canopy and emergents Common in other habitats Rainforest its main habitat. AZKF Azure Kingfisher Alcedo azurea Carnivores 0-2 metres above ground Common in other habitats Rainforest its main habitat. BCSH Barred Cuckoo-shrike Coracina lineata Omnivores Exclusive canopy and emergents Common in other habitats Rainforest its main habitat. <2 metres up to and including BLBB Black Butcherbird Cracticus quoyi Omnivores Common in other habitats canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including BFMO Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis Insectivores in wet sclerophyll canopy <2 metres up to and including BOST Bower's Shrike-thrush Colluricincla boweri Endemic Rainforest obligate Insectivores canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs BRCU Brown Cuckoo-dove Macropygia amboinensis Frugivores Exclusive canopy and emergents in wet sclerophyll <2 metres up to and including BGNE Brown Gerygone Gerygone mouki ES Rainforest obligate Insectivores canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs CHOW Chowchilla Orthonyx spaldingii Endemic Omnivores 0-2 metres above ground in wet sclerophyll Uses rainforest as a suboptimal / CICB Cicadabird Coracina tenuirostris Omnivores Exclusive canopy and emergents marginal habitat Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including DEFP Double-eyed Fig-parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma V Frugivores in wet sclerophyll canopy

DUHE Dusky Honeyeater Myzomela obscura Commonly found in rainforest. Omnivores <2 metres up to and including

130 Appendix: Section 4

CODE Common name Scientific name Status Habitat Feeding Strata Rainforest not its core habitat canopy

Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs EAWB Eastern Whipbird Psophodes olivaceus ES Insectivores 0-2 metres above ground in wet sclerophyll Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs EDOV Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica Frugivores 0-2 metres above ground in wet sclerophyll Commonly found in rainforest. <2 metres up to and including FGNE Fairy Gerygone Gerygone palpebrosa Insectivores Rainforest not its core habitat canopy

FWRN Fernwren Oreoscopus gutturalis Endemic Rainforest obligate Insectivores 0-2 metres above ground

Commonly found in rainforest. <2 metres up to and including FIGB Figbird Sphecotheres viridis Frugivores Rainforest not its core habitat canopy Rainforest its main habitat. <2 metres up to and including GBCU Gould's Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx russatus Insectivores Common in other habitats canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs GHRO Grey-headed Robin Heteromyias albispecularis ES Insectivores 0-2 metres above ground in wet sclerophyll Rainforest its main habitat. <2 metres up to and including GOWH Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis Insectivores Common in other habitats canopy Commonly found in rainforest. <2 metres up to and including GRFA Grey Fantail Rhipidura fuliginosa Insectivores Rainforest not its core habitat canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including GRHE Graceful Honeyeater Meliphaga gracilis Omnivores in wet sclerophyll canopy Commonly found in rainforest. <2 metres up to and including GRWH Grey Whistler Pachycephala simplex Insectivores Rainforest not its core habitat canopy Commonly found in rainforest. HFRB Helmeted Friarbird Philemon buceroides Nectarivores Exclusive canopy and emergents Rainforest not its core habitat Machaerirhynchus Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including LBBB Lemon-breasted Boatbill Insectivores flaviventer in wet sclerophyll canopy Commonly found in rainforest. <2 metres up to and including LBGE Large-billed Gerygone Gerygone magnirostris Insectivores Rainforest not its core habitat canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including LBSW Large-billed Scrubwren magnirostris Insectivores in wet sclerophyll canopy

131 Gregory Dawe and Miriam Goosem

CODE Common name Scientific name Status Habitat Feeding Strata

<2 metres up to and including LFLY Leaden Flycatcher Myiagra rebucela Not found in rainforest Insectivores canopy Rainforest its main habitat. <2 metres up to and including LBCU Little Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx minutillus Insectivores Common in other habitats canopy <2 metres up to and including LICS Little Cuckoo-shrike Coracina papuensis Occasionally recorded in rainforest Omnivores canopy Uses rainforest as a suboptimal / LFWR Lovely Fairy-wren Malurus amabilis Insectivores 0-2 metres above ground marginal habitat Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including MCHE Macleay's Honeyeater Xanthotis macleayana Endemic Omnivores in wet sclerophyll canopy Rainforest its main habitat. <2 metres up to and including MEST Metallic Starling Aplonis metallica Frugivores Common in other habitats canopy Commonly found in rainforest. <2 metres up to and including MTBD Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum Frugivores Rainforest not its core habitat canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs NPTA Noisy Pitta Pitta versicolor Omnivores 0-2 metres above ground in wet sclerophyll Orange-footed Scrub- Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs OFSF Megapodius reinwardt Omnivores 0-2 metres above ground fowl in wet sclerophyll Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including PIMO Pied Monarch Arses kaupi Endemic Insectivores in wet sclerophyll canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs PYRO Pale-yellow Robin Tregellasia capito ES Insectivores 0-2 metres above ground in wet sclerophyll Rainforest its main habitat. RALO Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus Nectarivores Exclusive canopy and emergents Common in other habitats Commonly found in rainforest. <2 metres up to and including RBEE Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Insectivores Rainforest not its core habitat canopy Commonly found in rainforest. ROWL Rufous Owl Ninox rufa V Carnivores Exclusive canopy and emergents Rainforest not its core habitat Rainforest its main habitat. <2 metres up to and including RUFA Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons Insectivores Common in other habitats canopy

132 Appendix: Section 4

CODE Common name Scientific name Status Habitat Feeding Strata

Rainforest its main habitat. <2 metres up to and including RUST Rufous Shrike-thrush Colluricincla megarhyncha Insectivores Common in other habitats canopy

SCAS Southern Cassowary Casuarius casuarius E Rainforest obligate Frugivores 0-2 metres above ground

Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including SCAT Spotted Catbird Ailuroedus melanotis ES Omnivores in wet sclerophyll canopy Sulphur-crested Commonly found in rainforest. SCCT Cacatua galerita Omnivores Exclusive canopy and emergents Cockatoo Rainforest not its core habitat Uses rainforest as a suboptimal / SCHE Scarlet Honeyeater Myzomela sanguinolenta Omnivores Exclusive canopy and emergents marginal habitat Rainforest its main habitat. <2 metres up to and including SEYE Silvereye Zosterops lateralis Omnivores Common in other habitats canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including SFDV Superb Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus superbus Frugivores in wet sclerophyll canopy <2 metres up to and including SPAR Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus Occasionally recorded in rainforest Insectivores canopy Commonly found in rainforest. <2 metres up to and including SPDR Spangled Drongo Dicrurus bracteatus Insectivores Rainforest not its core habitat canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including SPMO Spectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus Insectivores in wet sclerophyll canopy

SQTK Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura R Not found in rainforest Carnivores Exclusive canopy and emergents

Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs TOPP Topknot Pigeon Lopholaimus antarcticus Frugivores Exclusive canopy and emergents in wet sclerophyll Commonly found in rainforest. <2 metres up to and including VATR Varied Triller Lalage leucomela Omnivores Rainforest not its core habitat canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including VRBD Victoria's Riflebird Ptiloris victoriae Endemic Omnivores in wet sclerophyll canopy Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs WEMO White-eared Monarch Monarcha leucotis ES Insectivores Exclusive canopy and emergents in wet sclerophyll White-breasted Commonly found in rainforest. WBWS Artamus leucorynchus Insectivores Exclusive canopy and emergents Woodswallow Rainforest not its core habitat

133 Gregory Dawe and Miriam Goosem

CODE Common name Scientific name Status Habitat Feeding Strata

Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs WRSW White-rumped Swiftlet Collocalia spodiopygius R Insectivores Exclusive canopy and emergents in wet sclerophyll Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including WOMP Wompoo Pigeon Ptilinopus magnificus Frugivores in wet sclerophyll canopy Uses rainforest as a suboptimal / <2 metres up to and including SUNB Yellow-bellied Sunbird Nectarinia jugularis Nectarivores marginal habitat canopy Commonly found in rainforest. YOLE Yellow Oriole Oriolus flavocinctus Frugivores Exclusive canopy and emergents Rainforest not its core habitat Yellow-spotted Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs <2 metres up to and including YSHE Meliphaga notata Omnivores Honeyeater in wet sclerophyll canopy Yellow-throated Rainforest its core habitat. Occurs YTSW Sericornis citreogularis Omnivores 0-2 metres above ground Scrubwren in wet sclerophyll

134