DOCSLIB.ORG

Deforestation and Fragmentation of Natural Forests in the Upper Changhua Watershed, Hainan, China: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Deforestation and Fragmentation of Natural Forests in the Upper Changhua Watershed, Hainan, China: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation Environ Monit Assess (2015) 187:4137 DOI 10.1007/s10661-014-4137-3 Deforestation and fragmentation of natural forests in the upper Changhua watershed, Hainan, China: implications for biodiversity conservation De-Li Zhai & Charles H. Cannon & Zhi-Cong Dai & Cui-Ping Zhang & Jian-Chu Xu Received: 22 March 2014 /Accepted: 3 November 2014 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 Abstract Hainan, the largest tropical island in China, change were observed in protected areas, indicating a belongs to the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. The lack of enforcement. Natural forests conversion to rub- Changhua watershed is a center of endemism for plants ber and pulp plantations has a general negative effect on and birds and the cradle of Hainan’s main rivers. How- biodiversity, primarily through habitat fragmentation. ever, this area has experienced recent and ongoing de- The fragmentation analysis showed that natural forests forestation and habitat fragmentation. To quantify hab- area was reduced and patch number increased, while itat loss and fragmentation of natural forests, as well as patch size and connectivity decreased. These land- the land-cover changes in the Changhua watershed, we cover changes threatened local biodiversity, espe- analyzed Landsat images obtained in 1988, 1995, and cially island endemic species. Both natural forests 2005. Land-cover dynamics analysis showed that natu- losses and fragmentation should be stopped by ral forests increased in area (97,909 to 104,023 ha) from strict enforcement to prevent further damage. Pre- 1988 to 1995 but decreased rapidly to 76,306 ha over serving the remaining natural forests and enforcing the next decade. Rubber plantations increased steadily the status of protected areas should be a manage- throughout the study period while pulp plantations rap- ment priority to maximize the watershed’sbiodi- idly expanded after 1995. Similar patterns of land cover versity conservation value. D.<L. Zhai (*) : J.<C. Xu C. H. Cannon Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies (CMES), Kunming Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Institute of Botany (CAS), Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road132HeilongtanKunming 650201, China YunnanMenglun 666303, China e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] J.<C. Xu e-mail: [email protected] D.<L. Zhai : J.<C. Xu World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Central and East Asia C. H. Cannon Office, Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lanhei Road132HeilongtanKunming 650201, China Lubbock, TX, USA D.<L. Zhai : Z.<C. Dai Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, C.<P. Zhang Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu, China Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Z.<C. Dai Baiju Road 98, Haikou 571126, China e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] 4137, Page 2 of 12 Environ Monit Assess (2015) 187:4137 Keywords Deforestation . Fragmentation . lack of clear understanding of the land-cover changes Connectivity. Plantation forest . Biodiversity and status of fragmentation makes it difficult for con- servation management practices to prevent further loss of habitat and biodiversity. Introduction In this study, we analyzed the spatial-temporal pat- terns of land cover and natural forests cover over three Tropical rainforests are seriously threatened by anthro- time points (1988, 1995, and 2005), using remote sens- pogenic forest degradation and deforestation (Laurance ing techniques, in the upper reaches of the Changhua 1999) which is resulting in a global biodiversity crisis watershed, Hainan, China. The objectives of this study (Anderson and Jenkins 2006). Tropical Asia is an im- were as follows: (1) to determine land-cover changes portant biodiversity hotspot (Myers et al. 2000). How- and associated habitat changes in the study area between ever, tropical Asia suffers serious forest loss and frag- 1988, 1995, and 2005; (2) to evaluate natural forests mentation due to land use and land cover changes, e.g., fragmentation using landscape indices; and (3) to dis- plantations displacing natural forests (Aziz et al. 2010; cuss the implications of these patterns for biodiversity Sodhi et al. 2010). Natural vegetation cover loss, forest conservation. fragmentation, and associated land-use and land-cover changes are the main processes causing global environ- mental change (Turner et al. 1995)andareresponsible Methods for the loss of biodiversity worldwide (Soule 1991;Sala et al. 2000). Forest fragmentation has become increasing Study area important for global change researches (Gibbs et al. 2010). It has been shown that land-cover analysis can Hainan Island (18° 10′–20° 10′ N and 108° 37′–111° 03′ discriminate specific habitat types and predict species E) (Fig. 1a) is the largest tropical island in China, with distribution at large spatial scales (Wang et al. 2010). an area of 33,920 km2. The island has a tropical mon- Therefore, although it is difficult to directly quantify soon climate, influenced by the southeast monsoon from biodiversity in a landscape, the sensitivity of biological the west Pacific Ocean and southwest monsoon from the communities to land-cover changes and the availability Indian Ocean in the summer and the northeast monsoon of appropriate habitat make it possible to project biodi- in winter, resulting in a rainy season from May to versity loss by land-cover conversion and habitat pa- October and a dry season from November to April rameters, derived from remote sensing studies. (Luo 1985). The annual mean temperature is 22–23 °C Hainan Island is the largest tropical island in China with 1800–2500 mm precipitation and 1800 mm evap- and the only major island in the Indo-Burma biodiver- oration annually (Luo 1985). The study area is the upper sity hotspot (Myers et al. 2000). The island includes two Changhua Watershed of Hainan Island (Fig. 1b), includ- of the World Wide Fund for Nature’s (WWF) Global ing parts of Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve (WZS) 200 ecoregions: the Hainan Monsoon Rain Forests and and Yinggeling Nature Reserve (YGL), with its eleva- the coastal plains, both of which are part of the extensive tion ranging from 169 to 1860 m above sea level South China-Vietnam Subtropical Evergreen Forests. (Fig. 1c). The interior uplands of the island are charac- Both its flora and fauna have high level of overall terized by great habitat diversity and are one of China’s diversity and endemism (Chan et al. 2005;Wangetal. most important biodiversity conservation areas (Feng 2006;Chen2008). Moreover, Hainan shares a strong et al. 1999; Francisco-Ortega et al. 2010). The historical and biotic connection with Southeast Asia, Changhua watershed is the cradle of Hainan’s main especially the Philippines and Malaysia, rather than rivers (Feng et al. 1999) and has been identified as a mainland China, indicated by the distribution patterns center of endemism for plants and birds (Wang et al. and genetic analysis of plants and animals (Su et al. 2006;Chen2008). 2007; Chen 2009;Dong2009; Chen and Sun 2010). Unfortunately, land-cover changes have already resulted Data sources and methods in substantial forest loss in Hainan (Zhang et al. 2000), which then can lead to the loss of biodiversity (Zhang Land-cover classification was performed using three et al. 2000, 2010;Lietal.2007; Cai et al. 2009). But the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images and six Satellite Environ Monit Assess (2015) 187:4137 Page 3 of 12, 4137 Fig. 1 The Changhua watershed on the island of Hainan, China: a image of China showing the position of Hainan Island; b Hainan with the location of the study area indicated by black; c the upper reaches of Changhua watershed with the nature reserves Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT 2) images for 2008), which has been preprocessed according to a three separate years: 1988, 1995, and 2005 (Table 1). standardized set of processing parameters (Landsat Sci- The TM and SPOT images of 1995 and 2005 were ence Team 2008), and orthorectified using geodetic and purchased from Beijing Spot Image Co., Ltd. and were elevation control data to correct for positional accuracy corrected for atmospheric and radiometric distortions. and relief displacement (Landsat Science team 2008). The Landsat TM image of the year 1988 was The data were topographically corrected through co- downloaded from USGS (Landsat Science Team registering them to a digital elevation model (DEM) (Ekstrand 1996), derived from topographic maps Table 1 Detailed information about the satellite images used in (scale=1:50,000) from the State Bureau of Surveying this study and Mapping. The orthorectified image matched well Acquisition date Sensor Path/row Spatial resolution (m) with the checked ground control points (GCPs) and their average root mean square error was less than a pixel 08 June 1988 TM4 124/47 28.5 which is 30 m×30 m. To enhance the image resolution, 28 December 1995 TM5 124/47 30 image fusion was made between multispectral TM and 15 January 1996 SPOT 2 278/311 10 the SPOT panchromatic band to produce a 10-m reso- 5 February 1996 SPOT 2 278/312 10 lution multispectral image. The image fusion was done 30 December 1995- SPOT 2 279/312 10 by principal component analysis (PCA) on PCI software 20 December 2005 TM5 124/47 30 (Chavez and Kwarteng 1989; Pohl and van Genderen 23 December 2005 SPOT 2 278/311 10 1998;Antunes2000). 23 December 2005 SPOT 2 278/312 10 Final images for each year were classified into six 7 November 2005 SPOT 2 279/312 10 land-cover types: (1) natural forests, 2) natural shrubs and grasslands, (3) tropical crops, (4) rubber plantations, 4137, Page 4 of 12 Environ Monit Assess (2015) 187:4137 (5) pulp plantations, and (6) open areas. “Natural for- the percentage of a class on the map that matches the ests” included primary forests and naturally corresponding class on the ground and measures the regenerating secondary forests, characterized by closed error of omission (1—user’s accuracy).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dipterocarpaceae)
    DNA Sequence-Based Identification and Molecular Phylogeny Within Subfamily Dipterocarpoideae (Dipterocarpaceae) Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) at Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Büsgen Institute Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology Georg-August-Universität Göttingen By Essy Harnelly (Born in Banda Aceh, Indonesia) Göttingen, 2013 Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Reiner Finkeldey Referee : Prof. Dr. Reiner Finkeldey Co-referee : Prof. Dr. Holger Kreft Date of Disputation : 09.01.2013 2 To My Family 3 Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Dr. Reiner Finkeldey for accepting me as his PhD student, for his support, helpful advice and guidance throughout my study. I am very grateful that he gave me this valuable chance to join his highly motivated international working group. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Holger Kreft and Prof. Dr. Raphl Mitlöhner, who agreed to be my co-referee and member of examination team. I am grateful to Dr. Kathleen Prinz for her guidance, advice and support throughout my research as well as during the writing process. My deepest thankfulness goes to Dr. Sarah Seifert (in memoriam) for valuable discussion of my topic, summary translation and proof reading. I would also acknowledge Dr. Barbara Vornam for her guidance and numerous valuable discussions about my research topic. I would present my deep appreciation to Dr. Amarylis Vidalis, for her brilliant ideas to improve my understanding of my project. My sincere thanks are to Prof. Dr. Elizabeth Gillet for various enlightening discussions not only about the statistical matter, but also my health issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Plant-Animal Interactions: Linking Defaunation with Seed Predation, and Resource- Dependent Co-Occurrence
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2021 TROPICAL PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS: LINKING DEFAUNATION WITH SEED PREDATION, AND RESOURCE- DEPENDENT CO-OCCURRENCE Peter Jeffrey Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Williams, Peter Jeffrey, "TROPICAL PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS: LINKING DEFAUNATION WITH SEED PREDATION, AND RESOURCE-DEPENDENT CO-OCCURRENCE" (2021). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 11777. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11777 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TROPICAL PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS: LINKING DEFAUNATION WITH SEED PREDATION, AND RESOURCE-DEPENDENT CO-OCCURRENCE By PETER JEFFREY WILLIAMS B.S., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2014 Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology – Ecology and Evolution The University of Montana Missoula, MT May 2021 Approved by: Scott Whittenburg, Graduate School Dean Jedediah F. Brodie, Chair Division of Biological Sciences Wildlife Biology Program John L. Maron Division of Biological Sciences Joshua J. Millspaugh Wildlife Biology Program Kim R. McConkey School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Williams, Peter, Ph.D., Spring 2021 Biology Tropical plant-animal interactions: linking defaunation with seed predation, and resource- dependent co-occurrence Chairperson: Jedediah F.
    [Show full text]
  • A Palynological Investigation of Vatica L. (Dipterocarpaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia (Suatu Penelitian Palinologi Vatica L
    Sains Malaysiana 43(9)(2014): 1283–1293 A Palynological Investigation of Vatica L. (Dipterocarpaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia (Suatu Penelitian Palinologi Vatica L. (Dipterocarpaceae) di Semenanjung Malaysia HOUSSEIN M.A. EL-TAGURI & A. LATIFF* ABSTRACT Pollen morphology of 24 species of Vatica L. had been investigated using light and scanning electron microscopes. Vatica is a stenopalynous genus, the pollens are radially symmetrical, isopolar, subprolate to suboblate sometimes prolate rarely oblate, all tricolpate. Exine ornamentation varies from thin to medium reticulate. On the basis of pollen shape two groups of Vatica have been recognized. Within the genus pollen diversity is valuable for identification and delimiting species. Keywords: Dipterocarpaceae; Peninsular Malaysia; pollen; Vatica ABSTRAK Morfologi debunga 24 spesies Vatica L. telah dikaji dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan imbasan elektron. Vatica ialah genus stenodebunga, debunga adalah bersimetri jejari, isokutub, subprolat hingga suboblat, kadang-kadang prolat jarang oblat, semua trikolpat. Hiasan eksin bervariasi daripada retikulat nipis hingga sederhana. Bentuk debunga dua kumpulan Vatica telah dikenal pasti. Adalah penting dalam genus kepelbagaian debunga untuk pengecaman dan penghadan sempadan spesies. Kata kunci: Debunga; Dipterocarpaceae; Semenanjung Malaysia; Vatica INTRODUCTION acrocarpa Sloot. (Sect. Vatica) are reported for Peninsular The genus Vatica L. (Dipterocarpaceae) or locally known Malaysia (El-Taguri & Latiff 2012). as resak is a small- to medium-sized
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Composition of Plant Species in the Forest Over Limestone of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Bohol, Philippines
    Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55790 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e55790 Research Article Diversity and composition of plant species in the forest over limestone of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Bohol, Philippines Wilbert A. Aureo‡,§, Tomas D. Reyes|, Francis Carlo U. Mutia§, Reizl P. Jose ‡,§, Mary Beth Sarnowski¶ ‡ Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bohol Island State University, Bohol, Philippines § Central Visayas Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation Program, Research and Development Office, Bohol Island State University, Bohol, Philippines | Institute of Renewable Natural Resources, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines ¶ United States Peace Corps Philippines, Diosdado Macapagal Blvd, Pasay, 1300, Metro Manila, Philippines Corresponding author: Wilbert A. Aureo ([email protected]) Academic editor: Anatoliy Khapugin Received: 24 Jun 2020 | Accepted: 25 Sep 2020 | Published: 29 Dec 2020 Citation: Aureo WA, Reyes TD, Mutia FCU, Jose RP, Sarnowski MB (2020) Diversity and composition of plant species in the forest over limestone of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Bohol, Philippines. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55790. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55790 Abstract Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL), considered the last frontier within the Central Visayas region, is an ideal location for flora and fauna research due to its rich biodiversity. This recent study was conducted to determine the plant species composition and diversity and to select priority areas for conservation to update management strategy. A field survey was carried out in fifteen (15) 20 m x 100 m nested plots established randomly in the forest over limestone of RSPL from July to October 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Nazrin Full Phd Thesis (150246576
    Maintenance and conservation of Dipterocarp diversity in tropical forests _______________________________________________ Mohammad Nazrin B Abdul Malik A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Science Department of Animal and Plant Sciences November 2019 1 i Thesis abstract Many theories and hypotheses have been developed to explain the maintenance of diversity in plant communities, particularly in hyperdiverse tropical forests. Maintenance of the composition and diversity of tropical forests is vital, especially species of high commercial value. I focus on the high value dipterocarp timber species of Malaysia and Borneo as these have been extensive logged owing to increased demands from global timber trade. In this thesis, I explore the drivers of diversity of this group, as well as the determinants of global abundance, conservation and timber value. The most widely supported hypothesis for explaining tropical diversity is the Janzen Connell hypothesis. I experimentally tested the key elements of this, namely density and distance dependence, in two dipterocarp species. The results showed that different species exhibited different density and distance dependence effects. To further test the strength of this hypothesis, I conducted a meta-analysis combining multiple studies across tropical and temperate study sites, and with many species tested. It revealed significant support for the Janzen- Connell predictions in terms of distance and density dependence. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, I highlight how environmental adaptation affects dipterocarp distribution, and the relationships of plant traits with ecological factors and conservation status. This analysis showed that environmental and ecological factors are related to plant traits and highlights the need for dipterocarp conservation priorities.
    [Show full text]
  • DENR Administrative Order. 2017. Updated National List of Threatened
    Republic of the Philippines Department of Environment and Natural Resources Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City Tel. Nos. 929-6626; 929-6628; 929-6635;929-4028 929-3618;426-0465;426-0001; 426-0347;426-0480 VOiP Trunkline (632) 988-3367 Website: http://www.denr.gov.ph/ E-mail: [email protected] DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 2017----------11 MAVO 2 2017 SUBJECT UPDATED NATIONAL LIST OF THREATENED PHILIPPINE PLANTS AND THEIR CATEGORIES Pursuant to Section 22 of Republic Act No. 9147otherwise known as the "Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act"and in accordance with Section 6 of DENR Administrative Order No. 2007-01 (Establishing the National List of Threatened Philippines Plants and their Categories and the List of Other Wildlife Species), the National List of Threatened Philippine Plants and their categories, is hereby updated. Section 1. Definition of Terms. As used in this Order, the following terms shall mean as follows: a. CITES - refers to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, a treaty regulating international trade of fauna and flora listed in its Appendices; CITES Appendix I - species threatened with extinction, which are or may be affected by trade. International (commercial) trade in wild-taken specimens is generally prohibited. CITES Appendix II -species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but for which trade must be controlled to avoid their becoming so, and species that resemble species already included in Appendix II. International trade is permitted but regulated through appropriate permits/certificates. CITES Appendix III - species included at the request of a Party that already regulates trade in the species and that needs the cooperation of other countries to prevent unsustainable or illegal exploitation.
    [Show full text]
  • China: a Rich Flora Needed of Urgent Conservationprovided by Digital.CSIC
    Orsis 19, 2004 49-89 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE China: a rich flora needed of urgent conservationprovided by Digital.CSIC López-Pujol, Jordi GReB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Author for correspondence (E-mail: [email protected]) Zhao, A-Man Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, The People’s Republic of China. Manuscript received in april 2004 Abstract China is one of the richest countries in plant biodiversity in the world. Besides to a rich flora, which contains about 33 000 vascular plants (being 30 000 of these angiosperms, 250 gymnosperms, and 2 600 pteridophytes), there is a extraordinary ecosystem diversity. In addition, China also contains a large pool of both wild and cultivated germplasm; one of the eight original centers of crop plants in the world was located there. China is also con- sidered one of the main centers of origin and diversification for seed plants on Earth, and it is specially profuse in phylogenetically primitive taxa and/or paleoendemics due to the glaciation refuge role played by this area in the Quaternary. The collision of Indian sub- continent enriched significantly the Chinese flora and produced the formation of many neoen- demisms. However, the distribution of the flora is uneven, and some local floristic hotspots can be found across China, such as Yunnan, Sichuan and Taiwan. Unfortunately, threats to this biodiversity are huge and have increased substantially in the last 50 years.
    [Show full text]
  • A Few Last Words on Far Eastern Dipterocarps
    Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 67(2): 357–360. 2015 357 doi: 10.3850/S2382581215000290 A few last words on Far Eastern Dipterocarps P.S. Ashton The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Boston, MA 02130-3500, U.S.A. and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Three additions to the Dipterocarpaceae are presented. Recent collections from southern Vietnam have finally revealed the identity of Dipterocarpus condorensis Pierre, necessitating reduction of D. caudatus Foxw. and nomenclatural adjustment of its subspecies; an unexpected novelty, Dipterocarpus pseudocornutus P.S.Ashton, is described from Tawi- Tawi, SW Philippines; while a new lower montane point endemic, Vatica palongensis P.S. Ashton, is reported from West Kalimantan. Keywords. Dipterocarpus, Kalimantan, Philippines, Vatica, Vietnam Introduction Although my 1982 Flora Malesiana account has held remarkably well, there has been a continuing trickle of novelties, as witnessed by the two new Shorea Roxb. ex Gaertn.f. species and one new Hopea Roxb. species in the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, that richest of dipterocarp provinces (Ashton, 2004); and new discoveries in the genus most easy to miss, Vatica L., from Peninsular Malaysia (Saw, 2002; Symington, 2004; Chua et al., submitted). The following further novelties have arisen while curating the Dipterocarpoideae held at the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Notable has been the discovery of an isotype of Dipterocarpus condorensis Pierre, the Paris duplicate of which I have not had the opportunity to examine as it had been misplaced in the cabinets. Dipterocarpus condorensis resolved Dipterocarpus condorensis Pierre, Fl.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Habitats and Flora in Laos PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259623025 Forest Habitats and Flora in Laos PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam Conference Paper · January 1999 CITATIONS READS 12 517 1 author: Philip W. Rundel University of California, Los Angeles 283 PUBLICATIONS 8,872 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Philip W. Rundel Retrieved on: 03 October 2016 Rundel 1999 …Forest Habitats and Flora in Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Vietnam 1 Conservation Priorities In Indochina - WWF Desk Study FOREST HABITATS AND FLORA IN LAO PDR, CAMBODIA, AND VIETNAM Philip W. Rundel, PhD Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles, California USA 90095 December 1999 Prepared for World Wide Fund for Nature, Indochina Programme Office, Hanoi Rundel 1999 …Forest Habitats and Flora in Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Vietnam 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1. Geomorphology of Southeast Asia 1.1 Geologic History 1.2 Geomorphic Provinces 1.3 Mekong River System 2. Vegetation Patterns in Southeast Asia 2.1 Regional Forest Formations 2.2 Lowland Forest Habitats 2.3 Montane Forest Habitats 2.4 Freshwater Swamp Forests 2.5 Mangrove Forests Lao People's Democratic Republic 1. Physical Geography 2. Climatic Patterns 3. Vegetation Mapping 4. Forest Habitats 5.1 Lowland Forest habitats 5.2 Montane Forest Habitats 5.3 Subtropical Broadleaf Evergreen Forest 5.4 Azonal Habitats Cambodia 1. Physical Geography 2. Hydrology 3. Climatic Patterns 4. Flora 5. Vegetation Mapping 6. Forest Habitats 5.1 Lowland Forest habitats 5.2 Montane Forest Habitats 5.3 Azonal Habitats Vietnam 1. Physical Geography 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Detailed Final Report
    Project Title: Status and conservation action plan for three globally threatened tree species in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province, Viet Nam (RSG - ID: 8178-1) THE DETAILED FINAL REPORT Dr. TUE Ha Van (September 2010 – March 2012) February, 2012 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would particularly like to thank the Rufford Small Grants Foundation for providing budget for all activities of project. Thanks you for three referees: Jacinto C. Regalado, Jr., Ph.D.and Le Xuan Canh, and Ass.Pro.Dr. as well as Luu Dam Cu, Ass.Pro.Dr, who supported our project. We are grateful to all managers, scientists and forest rangers as well as local people in Xuan Son National Park for helping the research team during inventorying and conservation training. We would also like to thank so much to Department of Plant Ecology and Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR) - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology for providing scientists and greenhouse to participate in the project. 2 STATUS AND CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR THREE THREATENED TREE SPECIES OF DIPTEROCARPACEAE IN XUAN SON NATIONAL PARK, PHU THO PROVINCE, VIETNAM I. INTRODUCTION The Dipterocarpaceae is a family of hardwood, with more than 500 species worldwide in 17 genera [8], distributed mainly in the tropical lowland rainforest and can be found at forest’s the highest layer. Most of all dipterocarps are upright trees, reaching up to 40-60 metres (m) in height in primary forest, and sometimes an emergent tree cans reach to 80 m of height with the diameter at breast height got more than 1m.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrasting Effects of Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Tropical Tree Species on Soil Nitrogen Cycling
    doi: 10.1111/oik.04751 127 518–530 OIKOS Research Contrasting effects of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal tropical tree species on soil nitrogen cycling: the potential mechanisms and corresponding adaptive strategies Guigang Lin, Dali Guo, Liang Li, Chengen Ma and De-Hui Zeng G. Lin (http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-2708) ([email protected]) and D.-H. Zeng, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN-110016 Shenyang, PR China, and: Daqinggou Ecological Station, Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, PR China. – D. Guo, L. Li and C. Ma, Center of Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Inst. of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China. Oikos While it is increasingly recognized that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular 127: 518–530, 2018 mycorrhizal (AM) tree species vary in their effects on soil nitrogen (N) cycling, little doi: 10.1111/oik.04751 is known about the mechanisms causing and how ECM and AM trees adapt to this variation. Using monoculture plots of six ECM and eight AM tropical trees planted in Subject Editor: Matty Berg a common garden, we examined whether the contrasting effects of ECM and AM trees Editor-in-Chief: on soil N cycling could be explained by their differences in plant traits. Furthermore, Gerlinde De Deyn rhizosphere effects on soil N transformations and soil exploration by fine roots Accepted 6 October 2017 were also measured to assess whether ECM and AM trees differed in N acquisition + capacities.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Specific Conservation Measures and Monitoring Procedures to Maintain and Enhance the Conservation Attribute in Jerangau HCVF, Terengganu, Malaysia”
    Final report of “Development of specific conservation measures and monitoring procedures to maintain and enhance the conservation attribute in Jerangau HCVF, Terengganu, Malaysia” Project funded by Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) Prepared by Wendy Yong Sze Yee Forest Institute of Malaysia January 2017 Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Forest Management 3 1.2 Identification and management of HCVF in Peninsular Malaysia 3 2.0 Objective 3 3.0 Methodology and site description 4 3.1 Site description 4 3.2 Plot setting 5 3.3 Plant inventory 5 3.3.1 Trees 4 3.3.2 Non-trees 6 3.3.3 Canopy closure 6 3.3.4 Analysis 7 4.0 Result and discussion 7 4.1 Tree diversity 7 4.2 Stand structure/Basal area 9 4.3 Non-tree diversity 11 5.0 Endemic and Threatened species 12 6.0 Specific management prescriptions for Dipterocarpus sarawakensis and other 14 rare and Threatened species 6.1 Dipterocarpus sarawakensis 14 6.2 Dipterocarpus eurynchus 17 6.3 Hopea mengerawan 18 6.4 Hopea nutans 19 6.5 Hopea sulcata 21 6.6 Shorea exelliptica 22 6.7 Vatica havilandii 23 6.8 Vatica mangachapoi 25 6.9 Vatica mizaniana 26 6.2.10 Vatica odorata 27 6.2.11 Vatica stapfiana 29 6.2.12 Vatica venulosa 30 6.2.13 Aquilaria hirta 31 6.2.14 Licuala bayana 33 6.2.15 Johannesteijsmannia altifrons 34 7.0 Reference 39 Appendix 1: Spatial Distribution of Dipterocarps species 40 Appendix 2: Photos of species 49 Appendix 3: Checklist of species recorded from three 1-ha transects 56 2 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Forest Management The management objective of the natural forests and its resources in Malaysia takes the two-pronged approach of conservation and production.
    [Show full text]