DOCSLIB.ORG

Firearms Laws of Vietnam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Firearms Laws of Vietnam Firearms Laws of Vietnam by Tien Thuy Dinh1 IP-5-2017 | November 2017 727 East 16th Avenue | Denver, Colorado 80203 www.IndependenceInstitute.org | 303-279-6536 | 303-279-4176 fax Introduction Vietnam has one of the strictest gun This Issue Paper provides an overview of laws in the world. The policy reflects the the history of firearm laws in Vietnam and cultural and historical influences that a translation of the current laws. Part I have shaped the nation. Little has been surveys arms laws in Vietnam from 1427 written on Vietnamese gun control, in to the present. Part II provides an English part because of the inaccessibility and loss translation of the current law, which was of documents as a result of the country’s issued in 2011. Part III is the Vietnamese violent history. text of that law. 1. Brief History of Arms in Vietnam The first recorded firearms in Đại Việt (Divine Lightning) because of the power were used against the Champa king Chế of their firearms. The Lê revolution Bồng Nga in 1390. (Đại Việt means Great greatly shifted the balance of power in Viet, and was the name of Vietnam from Southeast Asia away from China, and 1054 to 1400, and from 1428 to 1804.) towards Vietnam. The book Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (Complete Vietnam has one Book of the Historical Record of Đại Việt) Further improvements on firearms were of the strictest attributes the king’s death to a cannon made under the Nguyễn Dynasty. Emperor gun laws in the called houchong.2 Gia Long, thanks to a considerable supply world. The policy of arms and ammunition from the French, The Vietnamese may have obtained the defeated the Tay Son revolt and came to reflects the cultur- houchong from Chinese traders, but a power in 1802. Influenced by the French al and historical systematic introduction of gunpowder designs and decorated with Eastern motifs, influences that and artillery into Vietnam did not happen some of the best-known arms of the until about a decade later.3 After defeating Nguyễn Dynasty were the Nine Sacred have shaped the Vietnam’s Ho Dynasty in 1407, China’s Cannons5 and a field-gun named the nation. Ming dynasy established a military Victorious and Majestic General 100 Degrees.6 occupation in Vietnam. The Chinese These are thought to have surpassed many followed the policy “Divide and conquer”: of their European counterparts. favoring the subservient while cruelly suppressing the opposition. The military During the Indochina War and the technology transfer occurred in this Vietnam War, the Vietnamese employed context. firearms either seized from or provided by the Soviet, Chinese, or American armies. Over the course of the occupation, the Despite developments in arms technology Chinese gradually lost their superiority, as throughout Vietnamese history, guns in more and more weapons were seized by Vietnam were, and have always been a Vietnamese rebel forces. A resistance led mark of the rulers, not the ruled. by Lê Lợi defeated the Chinese in 1427, and established an independent Đại Việt.4 Pre-colonial era The Lê Dynasty strengthened its army, Due to the Vietnam’s turbulent history, equipping the two battalions with the there is little or no evidence left about gun houchong. These battalions were named policies before the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802- Thần Lôi (Divine Thunder) and Thần Sấm 1945). 1 1 Generations of Nguyễn kings strictly French protectorate regulated the management and use of Thiệu Trị’s son, Tự Đức, became king in firearms. 1847. During his reign, French colonialists took over Vietnam in 1887, while allowing Gia Long, after his enthronement, the Nguyễn dynasty to remain on the announced Hoàng Triều Luật Lệ (The throne. Nguyễn law code) in 1815. The laws banned the possession and trade of Because of Vietnam’s long record of firearms by the non-noble classes. Article warfare, many documents from the French 231 specified: protectorate era have been lost. What little remains today suggests that under The people are forbidden to own the French colonization, a majority of military weapons, including horses, Vietnamese were not allowed to own and armor board, cannons, firearms, use firearms. ammunition, and pennants. Anyone who privately possesses In 1925, Alexandre Varenne, the newly- those weapons is guilty, and people appointed governor-general of Indochina, stealing military weapons receive arrived. A group of Vietnamese the same punishment.7 intellectuals drafted “The Wish List of the Vietnamese people.” It asked for reforms According to the Nguyễn law code, a for “the educational and judiciary systems, person who either hid or owned forbidden the acknowledgement of basic human According to weapons would be beaten by a heavy stick, rights… the reduction of military service, the Nguyen law 80 times for each weapon. The highest and a liberalized method of granting punishment is 100 times being beaten, and code, a person French citizenship to meritorious people being exiled 3000 dặm (approximately 932 from Cochinchina.”10 (“Cochinchina,” who either hid or miles) from the homeland.8 which is sometimes written as two words, owned forbidden refers to southern Indochina, which is weapons would be Under the Nguyễn regime, guns were today the southern part of Vietnam.) stored in government warehouses, heavily beaten by a heavy guarded by the military. King Minh Mạng, The document notes the advantages which stick, 80 times for Gia Long’s son, ordered government Vietnamese persons received from being each weapon. officials to report the quantity and quality granted French citizenship: of firearms and ammunition every five years. Under Ming Mang’s reign, each “The attraction that naturalization exerts military unit (500–600 soldiers) was on the gallicized [French] portion of the equipped with 200 matchlock muskets Vietnamese population can be readily and 2 cannons. The regime owned 34,330 understood if one considers the numerous kilograms of explosives and ammunition, and substantial privileges it brings to its which were equally divided to and seekers: freedom of thinking and writing; preserved in 24 warehouses located on freedom of assembly and association; four sides of Hue, the Nguyen Dynasty’s freedom of travel; freedom to bear firearms for capital. After Minh Mạng died, his son hunting or for defense of one’s possession against King Thiệu Trị ascended the throne. the raids of bandits when one lives in the middle Under Thiệu Trị’s reign, officials had to of the Cochinchinese boondocks.”11 check on firearms and ammunition every month.9 Only the king could order the In other words, French naturalization manufacture of firearms, or research on granted the people freedom to bear firearms. firearms. Yet in a typical year, only about 2 2 one out of ten thousand indigenous people with North Vietnam that provided for the in Indochina were granted citizenship. repatriation of U.S. prisoners of war. The So the majority of Vietnamese did not war ended in April 1975 with victory for enjoy the freedom to bear firearms for self- North Vietnam. defense or hunting. Having to focus its attention on the wars, As is typical in colonized nations, rebels the Hanoi government initially utilized sometimes obtained illegal arms from laws from the Nguyen Dynasty and the colonial army. In a story told by Luu French colonial period. The Communist Pham, a Vietnamese refugee from Sai government issued its first arms decree in Gon, his grandfather was among the 1964, aimed at “strengthening the state Vietnamese rebels fighting against the management of weapons, preventing French in the late 1920s. Grandfather accidents caused by the use of weapons, Pham’s role “was to buy guns, grenades, and limiting activities by bad people and other weapons from sympathetic wanting to use weapons to oppose and Vietnamese soldiers in the French colonial destroy the government.”13 army.”12 The decree specified that no one has the Communist North and Cap- right to own private weapons. Unless The decree italist South ordered by the Hanoi government, specified that no During World War II, Imperial Japan took individuals were forbidden from selling over Vietnam from 1940 to 1945. They or bringing arms into the territory of one has the right allowed the Nazi-collaborationist Vichy Vietnam. Anyone having private weapons to own private French government to remain as nominal had to hand them over to the nearest weapons. Unless rulers. Following Japan’s defeat, Hồ Chí public security department or military Minh and his supporters proclaimed agency.14 ordered by the an independent Democratic Republic Hanoi govern- of Vietnam. Some of the language The 1964 decree covered pistols, rifles, ment, individuals in the proclamation tracked the U.S. machine guns, automatic guns, bombs, were forbidden Declaration of Independence, but the mines, grenades, and other mitary form of government that they desired was weapons. Shotguns, matchlock muskets, from selling or Communist. daggers, machetes, and spears were not bringing arms within the scope of the 1964 decree.15 into the territory The First Indochina War ensued, and lasted until the French forces were defeated In the South, Americans provided firearms of Vietnam. at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. The result to militias and other self-defense units in of the war was a divided nation, with a the villages. But these arms were often Communist regime in North Vietnam, and seized later by Communist fighters. a pro-Western, somewhat capitalist regime The program was sometimes poorly in the South. Hanoi was the northern implemented; many Vietnamese resented capital, and Saigon the southern capital. the Saigon government forcing them to Soon the Second Indochina War began, leave their homes, to go live in fortified lasting from 1954 to 1975. United States “strategic hamlets.” Skeptical of the direct military involvement was initially villagers’ anti-communism, the Saigon small, and then during the 1960s became government at times withheld arms which enormous.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Autumn 2015 Full Issue
    Naval War College Review Volume 68 Number 4 Autumn Article 1 2015 Autumn 2015 Full Issue The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Naval War College, The U.S. (2015) "Autumn 2015 Full Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 68 : No. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol68/iss4/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naval War College: Autumn 2015 Full Issue Autumn 2015 Volume 68, Number 4 Autumn 2015 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2015 1 6868_Cover.indd C M Y K June 25, 2015 8:58 AM Naval War College Review, Vol. 68 [2015], No. 4, Art. 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Autumn 2015 Volume 68, Number 4 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol68/iss4/1 2 Naval War College: Autumn 2015 Full Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS ADVISORY BOARD PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Adam Bellow Rear Adm. P. Gardner Howe III, USN Seth Cropsey PROVOST Jeffrey Kline Dr. Lewis M. Duncan Gale A. Mattox Robert A. Silano DEAN OF NAVAL WARFARE STUDIES Marin Strmecki Thomas J. Culora Dov S. Zakheim NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS Carnes Lord, Editor NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW EDITORIAL BOARD Timothy J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bow and Arrow in the Book of Mormon
    The Bow and Arrow in the Book of Mormon William J. Hamblin The distinctive characteristic of missile weapons used in combat is that a warrior throws or propels them to injure enemies at a distance.1 The great variety of missiles invented during the thousands of years of recorded warfare can be divided into four major technological categories, according to the means of propulsion. The simplest, including javelins and stones, is propelled by unaided human muscles. The second technological category — which uses mechanical devices to multiply, store, and transfer limited human energy, giving missiles greater range and power — includes bows and slings. Beginning in China in the late twelfth century and reaching Western Europe by the fourteenth century, the development of gunpowder as a missile propellant created the third category. In the twentieth century, liquid fuels and engines have led to the development of aircraft and modern ballistic missiles, the fourth category. Before gunpowder weapons, all missiles had fundamental limitations on range and effectiveness due to the lack of energy sources other than human muscles and simple mechanical power. The Book of Mormon mentions only early forms of pregunpowder missile weapons. The major military advantage of missile weapons is that they allow a soldier to injure his enemy from a distance, thereby leaving the soldier relatively safe from counterattacks with melee weapons. But missile weapons also have some signicant disadvantages. First, a missile weapon can be used only once: when a javelin or arrow has been cast, it generally cannot be used again. (Of course, a soldier may carry more than one javelin or arrow.) Second, control over a missile weapon tends to be limited; once a soldier casts a missile, he has no further control over the direction it will take.
    [Show full text]
  • Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress
    Order Code RL32238 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress Updated November 9, 2006 Ronald O’Rourke Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress Summary The Bush Administration identified transformation as a major goal for the Department of Defense (DOD) soon after taking office, and has justified many of its initiatives for DOD in connection with the concept. Defense transformation can be defined as large-scale, discontinuous, and possibly disruptive changes in military weapons, concepts of operations (i.e., approaches to warfighting), and organization. The issue for Congress is how to take the concept of defense transformation into account in assessing and acting on Administration proposals for DOD. The Administration argues that new technologies make defense transformation possible and that new threats to U.S. security make defense transformation necessary. The Administration’s vision for defense transformation calls for placing increased emphasis in U.S. defense planning on irregular warfare, including terrorism, insurgencies, and civil war; potential catastrophic security threats, such as the possession and possible use of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists and rogue states; and potential disruptive events, such as the emergence of new technologies that could undermine current U.S. military advantages. The Administration’s vision for defense transformation calls for shifting U.S. military forces toward a greater reliance on joint operations, network-centric warfare, effects-based operations, speed and agility, and precision application of firepower. Transformation could affect the defense industrial base by transferring funding from “legacy” systems to transformational systems, and from traditional DOD contractors to firms that previously have not done much defense work.
    [Show full text]
  • 10. Soviet Hardware Supplied to the Republic I
    Stalin and the Spanish Civil War: Chapter 10 2/23/04 1:48 PM Email this citation Introduction 10. Soviet Hardware Supplied to the Republic I. Diplomacy 1 1. Pre-July 1936 Ascertaining the day of arrival of the first Soviet weapons in Spain has proved, for most 2. Civil War 3. To Moscow historians of the civil war, a slippery task. The problem is due to two separate factors. On II. Soviet Aid the one hand, pro-Franco propagandists, in part to justify the rebellion itself, long held that 4. Solidarity Russian weapons were present in Spain, in large amounts, from a very early date— 5. Children according to some accounts, before July 18. 1 By the late 1950s, most of these claims had III. Cultural Policy been largely dismissed by Western researchers, 2 though until quite recently, historians 6. Pre-War would still occasionally refer to Soviet military aid to the Republic as dating from July 1936. 7. Agit-prop 8. Home Front 3 It is significant that, in his memoir of the war, the American ambassador to Madrid sought IV. Military Aid to refute both the erroneous Franquista propaganda claims of pre-war Soviet shipments as 9. Operation X well as the gross exaggerations of the quantity of Russian hardware deployed in Spain: 10. Hardware 11. Spanish Gold Up until that time [October 1936] I invariably asked war correspondents from the V. Soviet Advisors 12. Command front about foreign war material, and, without exception, they all said they had 13. Activities seen many Italian and German planes, tanks, guns, and soldiers, but they had 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae T. 29 (2016), Blade Weapon As a Part of an Equipment of the Mercenaries of the Kingdom Of
    Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae, 2016, 29, s. 49-55 FASCICULI ARCHAEOLOGIAE HISTORICAE FASC. XXIX, PL ISSN 0860-0007 TADEUSZ GRABARCZYK BLADE WEAPON AS A PART OF AN EQUIPMENT OF THE MERCENARIES OF THE KINGDOM OF POLAND IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 15TH C. Abstract: Sources from the second half of 15th c. contain a lot of information about arming of mercenaries of Kingdom of Poland. Those materials are located in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw. Those are mostly lists of taken soldiers with weapons and also lists of weapons lost during war campaigns. Mentions about blade weapon are found in records from the period of the Thirteen Years’ War with Teutonic Order (1454-1466). Most of the information con- cerns infantry, only in records from 1471, 1880 soldiers were recorded to have been using blade weapon. According to the analysis, the most popular blade weapons were swords – used by 51% of infantryman. Slightly fewer was the number of used sabers – 47% of soldiers used them in 1471. Sometimes mercenaries were equipped in falchions, estocs, daggers and sharshoons – which is the name for heavy sword. Sources concerning cavalry blade weapon occurs very rarely. According to those few mentions it can only be told, that horseman used both swords and sabers. Keywords: Kingdom of Poland, Middle Ages, mercenaries, blade weapon, armour Blade weapons, such as swords, sabres, estocs, fal- appear in them not very often. Such mentions have auxiliary chions and daggers were basic elements of an equipment character, because they confirm the fact that soldiers were of a medieval soldier.
    [Show full text]
  • Yemen: a Conflict Behind Closed Doors
    4th Issue – March 2017 p. 12-33 Yemen: a conflict behind closed doors Francis Frison-Roche • Chercheur au CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Université Paris 2-CERSA, ancien directeur du projet « Aide à la transition démocratique au Yémen » In the shadow of Syria, Yemen has been dragged over the last two years into an increasingly radical and deadly war in which the international community and the media have shown very little interest. François Frison-Roche helps us to understand the causes and origins of this conflict in the hope of saving it from the oblivion into which it is sinking. t has been almost seven years now since Yemen first became caught up in this complex conflict, the brutality of which is only now becoming obvious. Why so complex? Because it I is made up of a several wars all happening at the same time. One conflict, several wars First there is the war between the “Houthi rebels*1”, part of the Ansar Allah* movement, and the Sunni “coalition” led by Saudi Arabia. This is the war we hear a bit about, as it is seen as a new battleground for two regional powers, Saudi Arabia and Iran, who are both seeking to preserve or regain hegemonic influence in the Middle East. But there is also a war going on between the current president, Abd Rabbuh Mansour al-Hadi, who spent a long time in exile in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) and is recognised and supported by the international community, and the elites of the former regime of the autocrat, Ali Abdallah Saleh*.
    [Show full text]
  • International Arms Flows: Monitoring, Sources and Obstacles
    International arms flows: monitoring, sources and obstacles Clingendael Report Pieter D. Wezeman International arms flows: monitoring, sources and obstacles Pieter D. Wezeman Clingendael Report January 2018 Disclaimer: This report was commissioned by the Netherlands’ ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence within the PROGRESS framework agreement, lot 5, 2017. Responsibility for the contents and for the opinions expressed rests solely with the authors. Publication does not constitute an endorsement by the Netherlands’ ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence. This report is part of Clingendael’s political violence program on information gathering, analysis and recognition of (data) bias by policy-makers. January 2018 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: Aviation Ordnancemen aboard USS Carl Vinson © Flickr / Commander, U.S. 7th Fleet Unauthorised use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorised use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL.
    [Show full text]
  • Cadernos Do IUM N.º22
    INSTITUTO UNIVERSITÁRIO MILITAR STORM WATCHING. A NEW LOOK AT WORLD WAR ONE 1 Autor Coronel Nuno Correia Neves IUM – Centro de Investigação e Desenvolvimento (CIDIUM) Novembro 2017 1 The contents of this IUM Notebooks are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Military University Institute.... Cadernos do IUM N.º 22 Os Cadernos do IUM têm como principal objetivo divulgar os resultados da in- vestigação desenvolvida no/sob a égide IUM, autonomamente ou em parcerias, que não tenha dimensão para ser publicada em livro. A sua publicação não deverá ter uma periodicidade definida. Contudo, deverão ser publicados, pelo menos, seis números anualmente. Os temas devem estar em consonância com as linhas de investigação prioritárias do CID/IUM. Devem ser publicados em papel e eletronicamente no sítio do IUM. Consideram-se como objeto de publicação pelos Cadernos do IUM: • Trabalhos de investigação dos investigadores do CID/IUM ou de outros in- vestigadores nacionais ou estrangeiros; • Trabalhos de investigação individual ou de grupo de reconhecida qualidade, efetuados pelos discentes, em particular pelos do CEMC e pelos auditores do CPOG que tenham sido indicados para publicação e que se enquadrem no âm- bito das Ciências Militares, da Segurança e Defesa Nacional e Internacional; • Papers , ensaios e artigos de reflexão produzidos pelos docentes; • Comunicações de investigadores do IUM efetuadas em eventos científicos (e.g., seminários, conferências, workshops , painéis, mesas redondas), de
    [Show full text]
  • Europe and the Challenge of Proliferation
    EUROPE AND THE CHALLENGE OF PROLIFERATION Yves Boyer, Christophe Carle, Joachim Krause, Harald Müller and Geoffrey Van Orden Edited by Paul Cornish, Peter van Ham and Joachim Krause May 1996 © Institute for Security Studies of WEU 1996. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the Institute for Security Studies of WEU. ISSN 1017-7566 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations Introduction(Paul Cornish, Peter van Ham and Joachim Krause) The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction: the risks for Europe(Joachim Krause) The proliferation of conventional arms and dual-use technologies(Yves Boyer) European nuclear non-proliferation after the NPT extension(Harald Müller) Conventional arms transfers(Christophe Carle) European arms export controls(Geoffrey Van Orden) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACRS (Middle East) Arms Control and Regional Security APM anti-personnel mine(s) BW biological warfare/weapons CAT Conventional Arms Transfer CD Conference on Disarmament in Europe CEP circular error probable (a measure of missile accuracy) CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy CIS Commonwealth of Independent States COCOM Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls COREPER Committee of member states' Permanent Representatives to the European Community COREU European Union communications CTBT Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty CW chemical warfare/weapons CWC
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis on Joe Mason's Crime Motives in Baldacci's
    PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI AN ANALYSIS ON JOE MASON’S CRIME MOTIVES IN BALDACCI’S ZERO DAY A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Marliana Lindrisari Putri Magong Student Number: 101214187 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS AND TRAINING EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2015 i PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI “Live as if you Were to die tomorrow Learn as if you Were to live forever” (Mahatma Gandhi) iv PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI This thesis is dedicated to: my beloved parents and my beloved brothers v PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should. Yogyakarta, 10 June 2015 The writer Marliana Lindrisari Putri Magong 101214187 vi PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Marliana Lindrisari Putri Magong Nomor Mahasiswa : 101214187 Demi kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul : AN ANALYSIS ON JOE MASON’S CRIME MOTIVES IN BALDACCI’S ZERO DAY beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada).
    [Show full text]
  • Iran and Nuclear Weapons
    CSIS_______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 Fax: (202) 466-4740 (For Updates see CSIS.ORG) Iran and Nuclear Weapons Background Paper for the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Anthony H. Cordesman Senior Fellow for Strategic Assessment Center for Strategic and International Studies March 24, 2000 Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. Iran and Nuclear Weapons 4/10/00 Page ii Table of Contents IRANIAN STATEMENTS AND DENIALS REGARDING NUCLEAR WEAPONS............................................................ 2 NUCLEAR WEAPONS EFFORTS UNDER THE SHAH.............................................................................................. 4 THE REVITALIZATION OF IRAN’S NUCLEAR WEAPONS EFFORT........................................................................ 5 CREEPING PROLIFERATION UNDER RAFSANJANI .............................................................................................. 7 Chinese Reactor Deals................................................................................................................................... 8 Russian Reactor Deals................................................................................................................................. 10 Longer-term Reactor Programs ................................................................................................................... 13 Reactors and Proliferation..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Background and Oversight Issues for Congress
    Order Code RL32238 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress Updated February 17, 2006 Ronald O’Rourke Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress Summary The Bush Administration identified transformation as a major goal for the Department of Defense (DOD) soon after taking office and emphasized the concept during the period 2001-2004. Defense transformation can be defined as large-scale, discontinuous, and possibly disruptive changes in military weapons, concepts of operations (i.e., approaches to warfighting), and organization. The issue for the 2nd session of the 109th Congress is how to take the concept of defense transformation into account in assessing and acting on Administration proposals for DOD. The Administration argues that new technologies make defense transformation possible and that new threats to U.S. security make defense transformation necessary. The Administration’s vision for defense transformation calls for placing increased emphasis in U.S. defense planning on irregular warfare, including terrorism, insurgencies, and civil war; potential catastrophic security threats, such as the possession and possible use of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists and rogue states; and potential disruptive events, such as the emergence of new technologies that could undermine current U.S. military advantages. The Administration’s vision for defense transformation calls for shifting U.S. military forces toward a greater reliance on joint operations, network-centric warfare, effects-based operations, speed and agility, and precision application of firepower.
    [Show full text]