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„Härtere Gangart“ Deutschland „Härtere Gangart“ Netzpolitik SPD-Fraktionschef Thomas Oppermann, 62, kündigt ein Gesetz gegen Fake News und Hasskommentare an und wirft Facebook vor, den demokratischen Diskurs zu untergraben. SPIEGEL: In Bocholt ist einer Ihrer Partei - nate Künast gerade wieder gezeigt hat. freunde gerade wegen Hassbotschaften ge - Das ist ein intransparentes Mysterium, gen ihn und seine Familie zurückgetreten. aber keine Rechtsschutzstelle. Ist das ein Einzelfall, oder wird das zum SPIEGEL: Melden wird nicht reichen. Renate politischen Alltag? Künast und die „Süddeutsche Zeitung“ ha - Oppermann: Ich habe Verständnis für seine ben sich vorige Woche direkt bei Facebook persönliche Entscheidung. Aber es ist eine über die sie betreffende Falschmeldung be - Niederlage für unseren freien, demokrati - schwert, und dennoch geschah drei Tage schen Diskurs, der auf Rede und Gegenre - lang nichts. Wie soll diese Rechtsschutz - de beruht. Wenn wir nicht aufpassen, wird stelle also funktionieren? er durch Lüge und Hass zerstört. Oppermann: Ich stelle mir das so vor: Wenn SPIEGEL: Anfeindungen und auch Lügen Betroffene ihre Rechtsverletzung dort sind in der Politik nichts Neues. Hat sich glaubhaft machen können und Facebook in der politischen Kommunikation wirklich nach entsprechender Prüfung die betroffe - etwas verändert? ne Meldung nicht unverzüglich binnen Oppermann: Ich sehe eine zunehmende Ver - 24 Stunden löscht, muss Facebook mit emp - rohung in der Gesellschaft insgesamt, für findlichen Bußgeldern bis zu 500 000 Euro S die es viele Gründe gibt. Aber die sozialen S rechnen. Und wenn die Betroffenen es E R P Medien tragen in besonderer Weise dazu wünschen, muss es zudem eine Richtigstel - N O I bei. Deshalb brauchen wir jetzt dringend T lung mit der gleichen Reichweite geben, C A / eine Verrechtlichung bei den Plattformen, und zwar spätestens nach 48 Stunden. S A K U SPIEGEL: die öffentliche Kommunikation anbieten. Sie meinen, nicht nur auf den Pro - L E Unsere Grundrechte werden von privater A filen der Urheber von Fake News? Son - Sozialdemokrat Oppermann H C I Wirtschaftsmacht bedroht. Facebook ver - M dern auch dort, wo sie geteilt wurden? dient Milliarden und muss endlich auch Oppermann: Genau. Das dürfte für die Face - Verantwortung übernehmen. Oppermann: Ich will soziale Netzwerke, die book-Algorithmen keine Herausforderung SPIEGEL: Wie soll das praktisch aussehen? eine markt- und meinungsbeherrschende sein. Ich sehe das auch im größeren Zu - Oppermann: Die inhaltliche Verantwortung Stellung haben – und dazu gehören Face - sammenhang. Traditionelle Medien unter - liegt primär bei den Nutzern der Plattform, book oder Twitter – gesetzlich dazu ver - liegen einer harten rechtlichen Verpflich - das soll auch so bleiben. Aber Facebook pflichten, auf deutschem Boden eine an tung, Persönlichkeitsrechte zu schützen. muss sicherstellen, dass die Opfer dieser 365 Tagen im Jahr 24 Stunden erreichbare Es kann nicht sein, dass die Plattformstra - Verrohung sich schnell und effektiv zur Rechtsschutzstelle einzurichten. Dorthin tegie dazu genutzt wird, dies zu unterlau - Wehr setzen können, wenn die Grenze der können sich Betroffene wenden, um zu be - fen. Internetunternehmen wie Uber und Meinungsfreiheit überschritten wird und legen, dass sie Opfer von Fake News oder Airbnb maximieren ihre Profite, ohne sich es zu unwahren Tatsachenbehauptungen Hassbotschaften geworden sind. Sie müs - in irgendeiner Form um die sozialen Fol - oder gar Rechtsverletzungen kommt – was sen das in geeigneter Weise glaubhaft ma - gekosten zu kümmern. Stattdessen versu - ja häufig geschieht. chen, so wie das etwa bei Unterlassungs - chen sie auch noch, Steuern zu vermeiden. SPIEGEL: Bei Verleumdung und übler Nach - forderungen üblich ist. Zudem sollte die Für mich ist das Rosinenpickerei. Und rede gibt es ja bereits rechtliche Mittel, um Rechtsschutzstelle Behörden bei strafrecht - dann kommt es auch noch unter dem dagegen vorzugehen … lichen Ermittlungen unterstützen. Deckmantel einer sogenannten Shared Oppermann: …und das reicht nicht aus, wie SPIEGEL: Justizminister Heiko Maas hat bis - Economy daher, was solidarisch und sozial wir sehen. Unser System ist gut, eigentlich lang versucht, den Problemen mit runden verträglich klingen soll. reicht der gesetzliche Rahmen aus, aber Tischen beizukommen. Markiert Ihre For - SPIEGEL: Alle genannten Unternehmen sind es hakt eben bei den Faktoren Zeit und derung einen Kurswechsel, auch im Na - global unterwegs. Was passiert, wenn Fake Reichweite. Facebook sorgt mit seiner gro - men der Großen Koalition? News oder Hassbotschaften von anderen ßen Verbreitung dafür, dass solche Grund - Oppermann: Entscheidungen fallen erst, Staaten aus gepostet werden? Im US-Wahl - rechtsverletzungen enorme Auswirkun - nachdem Heiko Maas im Januar die Er - kampf kamen auffallend viele vom Balkan. gen haben und irreversible Schäden ver - gebnisse eines Monitorings vorgelegt hat. Oppermann: Wer eine Straftat begeht, kann ursachen können. Wenn beispielsweise Aber schon jetzt ist klar: Wir brauchen dafür belangt werden. Auch Facebook haf - kurz vor der Bundestagswahl die unwahre eine härtere Gangart gegen diese Plattfor - tet für diese Nachrichten ab Kenntnis. Ob Behauptung auftauchte, dass Wladimir men – gerade auch Facebook. Ich bin mir Renate Künast von Deutschland oder vom Putin den Wahlkampf eines deutschen darüber im Grundsatz sowohl mit dem Jus - Balkan aus in ihrem Persönlichkeitsrecht Politi kers finanziert habe, und das über tizminister als auch mit meinem Unions - verletzt wird, ist dabei unerheblich. Wir soziale Medien massiv Verbreitung fände, kollegen Volker Kauder einig. Heiko Maas müssen nur dafür sorgen, dass das Recht hätte niemand bislang eine echte Chance, hat sich sehr intensiv und lange bemüht, effektiver durchgesetzt werden kann. sich effektiv gegen diese Falschbehaup - Brücken zu bauen. Facebook hat die Chan - SPIEGEL: Sie wollen etwas durchsetzen, was tung zu wehren. Das muss sich dringend ce, das Beschwerdemanagement selbst ef - Facebook-Gründer Mark Zuckerberg auf ändern. fektiv zu regeln, nicht genutzt. Im Ernstfall jeden Fall vermeiden möchte: dass sein SPIEGEL: Was verlangen Sie konkret? funktioniert es nicht, wie der Fall von Re - Unternehmen darüber entscheidet, was 42 DER SPIEGEL )' / (&'* wahr ist und was gelöscht werden muss. führt zu vielen Diskussionen. Es wird wei - reicht das nicht. Dann brauche ich ein Ver - Ist Facebook nicht schon mächtig genug? tere Vorschläge geben. Heiko Maas ist fe - fahren, das schnell und mit hoher Buß - Oppermann: Ich weiß, dass es hier um eine derführend. Wir sollten noch vor der Wahl geldbewehrung erreichen kann, dass sol - Gratwanderung geht. Wir wollen keine Mei - eine Lösung finden. che gravierenden Rechtsverletzungen ge - nungspolizei und keine Wahrheitskommis - SPIEGEL: Der Widerstand von Facebook & stoppt werden. sion, schon gar keine privatwirtschaftliche. Co. wird massiv sein. Denn damit kom - SPIEGEL: Facebook ist seit mehr als zehn Auch einen Straftatbestand „Desinforma - men die Betreiber der Plattform ja in di - Jahren global aktiv. Aber die Politik wacht tion“ hielte ich für den falschen Weg, das rekten Konflikt mit den Nutzern. Und die erst jetzt auf. Weil Politiker von Hate wäre nicht kompatibel mit der Meinungs - Idee wird hohe Kosten verursachen. Speech und Fake News selbst stark betrof - freiheit. Aber wir müssen dringend einen Oppermann: Ja, natürlich. Das wird Face - fen sind? Weg finden, dass Geschädigte gegen dieje - book eine Menge kosten. Aber wer viel Oppermann: Natürlich erhöht das die Sen - nigen wirksam vorgehen können, die be - Geld verdient, hat eben auch Pflichten. sibilität. Aber dass wir erst jetzt aufwa - wusst Ehrverletzendes oder falsche Behaup - Wir haben eine Sozialbindung des Eigen - chen, stimmt nicht. Justizminister Maas ar - tungen in die Welt setzen. Das kann zu ganz tums. Facebook ist ein Gewerbebetrieb beitet seit zwei Jahren intensiv an dem übler Manipulation und Verzerrung der öf - und muss deshalb endlich Verantwortung Thema. Jetzt kommt der Zeitpunkt, an fentlichen Meinungsbildung führen. Unser für den Missbrauch der Plattform überneh - dem wir deutlich machen müssen, dass wir politisches System baut darauf auf, dass es men. Wir haben einen alten Rechtsgrund - uns als Rechtsstaat nicht selbst aufgeben zwar Meinungskampf und Meinungsvielfalt satz für Unternehmen. Er besagt, dass je - und vor der angeblichen Übermacht von gibt, dass Fakten aber überprüfbar sind. der, der mit seinem Geschäftsbetrieb eine Facebook kapitulieren. Wir müssen als SPIEGEL: Ihr Vorschlag könnte einen Shit - Gefahrenquelle schafft, diese beherrschen Staat die Grundrechte auch im Netz durch - storm im Netz auslösen – und massive können muss. Das muss auch für Online - setzen. Lobbying-Bemühungen. Ist Ihnen klar, wo - plattformen gelten. SPIEGEL: Wie geht es nach dieser Ankündi - rauf Sie sich einlassen? SPIEGEL: Facebook hat bereits angekündigt, gung weiter? Was ist der nächste Schritt? Oppermann: Wir müssen Facebook und die verstärkt gegen Fake News vorgehen zu Oppermann: Unionsfraktionschef Volker anderen jetzt stellen. Wenn wir die Dinge wollen, und setzt offenbar auf ein Bewer - Kauder und ich haben verabredet, dass weiter laufen lassen, riskieren wir mehr tungssystem der Nutzer und die Zusam - wir das Thema gleich nach der Weihnachts - als verärgerte Lobbyisten. menarbeit mit externen Faktencheckern. pause intensiv angehen. Ich glaube, dass SPIEGEL: Wann soll das Gesetz kommen? Reicht Ihnen das nicht? sich die Koalition sehr schnell auf ein ge - Oppermann: Wir sind noch in einem frühen Oppermann: Das klingt gut. Aber wenn meinsames Vorgehen verständigen kann. Stadium. Und klar: Ein solcher Vorschlag meine Rechte trotzdem verletzt werden, Interview: Horand Knaup, Marcel Rosenbach.
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