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[Título Do Documento] 1 [Escrever o nome da empresa] 1 [Título do documento] Universidade Técnica de Lisboa Faculdade de Arquitectura Documento definitivo BATMAN: SETE DÉCADAS DE HISTÓRIA E DE ESTÓRIAS A EVOLUÇÃO DA IMAGEM DE UM HERÓI À LUZ DAS TENDÊNCIAS DA MODA Rita Daniela da Silva Camponez (Licenciada) DISSERTAÇÃO PARA OBTENÇÃO DO GRAU DE MESTRE EM DESIGN DE MODA Orientador Científico: Doutor Armando Jorge Caseirão Júri: Presidente: Doutora Manuela Cristina Figueiredo Vogais: Doutor Armando Jorge Caseirão Doutor Rui Zink - Lisboa, Dezembro de 2010 - We now say that Batman has two hundred suits hanging in “ the Batcave so they don’t have to look the same (…). Everybody loves to draw Batman, and everybody wants to put their own spin on it. (Dennis O’Neil apud Les Daniels, 1970, p. 98) “ Agradecimentos Embora esta dissertação seja, pelo seu fim académico, um trabalho de natureza individual, não seria possível a sua realização sem apoios de natureza diversa, que não podem deixar de ser realçados. Assim, gostaria de dirigir os mais verdadeiros agradecimentos a quem contribuiu, de forma directa ou indirecta, para a concretização deste projecto: À minha mãe, ao meu pai, ao Eduardo, avós e toda a família, não posso deixar de expressar e reconhecer o apoio incontestável e permanente incentivo, ânimo ou por apenas me terem dado, ao longo destes meses, o prazer da sua convivência. Ao Sérgio, meu namorado, por procurar com o seu comportamento contribuir para o meu bem-estar e felicidade, pelo estímulo e por partilhar comigo a convicção de que vale a pena um sacrifício, quando estão em causa valores e objectivos valiosos. Aos meus colegas e amigos, em particular à Carina, Joana, Mariana e Sandra, com quem foi possível partilhar experiências, dúvidas, frustrações e expectativas pela amizade e força que me concederam. Ao Professor Doutor Armando Jorge Caseirão, pela supervisão e acompanhamento rigoroso, pela disponibilidade, pelo estímulo e pela indubitável dedicação sempre demonstrada em todas as fases deste projecto. Aos membros do painel de especialistas auscultados: Gabriela Carvalho, Gianni Montagna, João Catarino, João Lemos, Joana Amaral Cardoso e Michele Santos, pela capacidade de atendimento, afeição e pela pertinência das ideias lançadas. Aos professores que leccionaram as cadeiras de mestrado, em especial ao coordenador de mestrado, o Professor Doutor Fernando Moreira da Silva, e à Professora Doutora Leonor Ferrão, pelas sugestões oportunas e sábios conselhos. À BDTECA, pela acessibilidade e colaboração, aquando da fase de pesquisa deste projecto de investigação. Para finalizar, a todos aqueles que, de forma subtil ou anónima, ajudaram a tornar possível a construção deste trabalho. II Resumo Se a presente dissertação não apresentasse um título e começasse por analisar um personagem vestido de morcego que anda pelas ruas a combater o crime, o leitor certamente saberia identificar a figura em questão. Batman conta, em 2010, com uma história de setenta anos. Foram centenas de artistas que nele viram fundamento para o seu trabalho e que ajudaram a crescer o personagem e o seu universo. Desenhadores, designers, realizadores, argumentistas ou actores são apenas alguns exemplos dos homens que contribuíram para a história de Batman. Nas estórias deste personagem, Bruce Wayne encarna Batman e a acção desenrola-se geralmente numa cidade imaginária chamada Gotham City, muito semelhante às cidades da época em que a estória é desenhada. No entanto, o ambiente apresenta algumas diferenças: a moda, a arquitectura ou os veículos são artefactos fantasiados mas simultaneamente realísticos, tornando a linha de fronteira entre o real e o imaginário tremendamente ténue. Por seu lado, a moda surge como reflexo da sociedade, dependendo de factores de origem social, cultural ou económica. Desde o nascimento do protagonista, no final dos anos 30, é possível encontrar grandes transformações na sua imagem, relacionando as primeiras aparições de Batman com a actualidade. Esta imagem, que conta não só com o Batsuit, mas com todo o design da série, deixa influenciar-se como qualquer outro tipo de objecto pelas tendências de moda ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, a presente investigação pretende, não só analisar a imagem do Homem Morcego – ao nível das formas, cores, texturas e materiais – como também o design de ambientes, as cidades povoadas pelo imaginário, os objectos, assim como os personagens secundários. O projecto aspirou comprovar que as transformações da imagem de Batman são reflexo da moda vigente. Esta reflexão tem por base imagens: quer da banda desenhada, como das séries televisivas ou ainda das obras cinematográficas centradas no super-herói. Tornando a sociedade como fonte de inspiração para a imagem de Batman, a dissertação proposta visa igualmente, em contrapartida, reconhecer a influência deste no design de moda. Palavras-chave: Batman, Batsuit, Design de Moda, Evolução, Imagem III Abstract If this dissertation did not announce a title and began by analyzing a character dressed as a bat, moving through the streets to fight crime, the reader would certainly identify the figure in question. Batman counts, in 2010, with a history of seventy years. There were hundreds of artists who saw in him the basis for their work and helped to grow the character and his universe. Drawers, designers, directors, screenwriters and actors are just some examples of people who contributed to the history of Batman. In this character’s stories, Bruce Wayne embodies Batman and the action usually takes place in an imaginary city called Gotham City, much like the cities of the time in which the story is drawn. However, the ambience has some differences: the fashion, architecture or vehicles are artifacts both imagined, but realistic at the same time, making the border line between the real and imaginary tremendously blurred. For its part, fashion design emerges as a reflection of society, depending on factors of social, cultural or economic origin. Since the birth of the protagonist in the late 30's, you can find great changes in his image, relating the first appearances of Batman with the latest ones. This image, which includes not only the Batsuit but the whole design of the series, lets itself be influenced as any other common object by the fashion trends over time. Thus, this investigation aims to analyze not only the image of Batman - in forms, colors, textures and materials - as well as the design of environments, the cities populated by the imaginary, the objects or even the secondary characters. The project aspired to prove that transformations of the Batman’s image are a reflection of the fashion trends. This reflection is based on images: either of comics or television series or even of the superhero’s movies. Making the society as a source of inspiration to Batman’s image, the proposed dissertation also has the purpose of recognizing its influence on fashion design. Key-words: Batman, Batsuit, Fashion Design, Evolution, Image IV Acrónimos DC – Detective Comics BD – Banda Desenhada TV - Televisão V Índice Geral AGRADECIMENTOS ....................................................................................................... II RESUMO ...................................................................................................................... III ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... IV ACRÓNIMOS ................................................................................................................ V ÍNDICE GERAL ............................................................................................................. VI ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS .................................................................................................... VII INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................... 1 1. Contextualização .............................................................................................. 4 1.1 – BATMAN ........................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 – O Processo de Criação ........................................................................ 5 1.1.2 – A História de Bruce Wayne e Batman ................................................ 7 1.2 – ROBIN ............................................................................................................. 10 1.3 – VILÕES ............................................................................................................ 12 1.3.1 – Joker ................................................................................................. 12 1.4 – IMAGINÁRIO FEMININO................................................................................. 14 1.4.1 – Catwoman ........................................................................................ 14 1.4.2 – Batwoman ........................................................................................ 16 1.4.3 – Batgirl ............................................................................................... 17 1.5 – EQUIPAMENTOS E VEÍCULOS ......................................................................... 18 1.6 – GOTHAM CITY ................................................................................................ 21 1.6.1 – A Mansão Wayne e a Batcave ............................................................... 23 2. O Design de Moda e o Imaginário Batman: Banda
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