Iii.Presentation De L'elevage De Poules Pondeuses
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Prisoned Chickens, Poisoned Eggs
PRISONED CHICKENS, POISONED EGGS An Inside Look at the Modern Poultry Industry First published 1996. Revised Edition 2009 Book Publishing Company By Karen Davis, PhD Karen Davis, PhD, President United Poultry Concerns PO Box 150 Machipongo, VA 23405 (757) 678-7875 [email protected] 2 Table of Contents Preface to the New Edition Prologue Introduction Chapter 1 History Chapter 2 The Birth and Family Life of Chickens Chapter 3 The Life of the Battery Hen Chapter 4 The Life of the Broiler Chicken Chapter 5 The Death Chapter 6 A New Beginning References Index 3 Preface to the New Edition I wrote Prisoned Chickens, Poisoned Eggs in the mid-1990s in order to bring attention to the billions of chickens buried alive on factory farms. At the time, neither the animal rights movement nor the public at large knew very much about chickens or about how the poultry industry originated and developed in twentieth-century America to become the model for industrialized farmed-animal production around the world. Some informative articles and book chapters had appeared, but the poultry industry’s own detailed and glowing account of its transformation of the chicken, from an active outdoor bird scouring the woods and fields to a sedentary indoor meat and egg “machine,” filled with suffering, diseases, and antibiotics, remained largely unknown. The purpose of Prisoned Chickens, Poisoned Eggs was to bring this story to light in a way that would reveal the tragedy of chickens through the lens of the industry that created their tragedy without pity or guilt. The book became, as I’d hoped it would, a blueprint for people seeking a coherent picture of the U.S. -
Function and Organization of Dustbathing in Laying Hens
FUNCTION AND ORGANIZATION OF DUSTBATHING IN LAYING HENS Voor de kippen CENTRALE LANDBOUWCATALOGUS 0000 0456 7208 ,ej\ BlBLIGIJri C4NDB0UWUNIVERSIim KAGENINGEN Promotor: dr. P.R. Wiepkema hoogleraar in de ethologie ^AiOiW, ifS(> D.W. van Liere FUNCTION AND ORGANIZATION OF DUSTBATHING IN LAYING HENS Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de landbouw- en milieuwetenschappen op gezag van de rector magnificus, dr. H.C. van der Plas, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 10 december 1991 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula van de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen. 19* Omslag:Janie n Prummel Liere, D.W. van, 1991. Function and organization of dustbathing in laying hens (Functie en organisatie van stofbadgedrag by leghennen). Dustbathing in laying hens (Gallusgallus domesticus) serves to remove excessive feather lipids which accumulate and become stale during dust deprivation. In addition and probably as a consequence of lipid removal the fluffiness of the downy feather parts is enhanced. A dustbath consists of appetitive tossings and consummatory rubbings. Its function as well as its organization depend on the nature of the bathing litter. The uninterrupted performance of rubbing is crucial and predicts consistent bathing litter preferences. An increase in stale feather lipids enhances the tendency to bathe, while sham- dustbathing occurs during dust deprivation. However, during long-term deprivation sham-dustbathing develops abnormally. This seems due to intrinsic reinforcement. Long-term deprivation of functional stimulation prescribed by phylogenetical standards may result in an uncontrollable motivation to dustbathe. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Animal Husbandry, Ethology Section,Agricultural University, P.O. Box 338, 6700AH Wageningen, The Netherlands. -
Manuscript Title (Style 'ANM Paper Title')
An evaluation of potential dustbathing substrates for commercial broiler chickens Baxter, M., Bailie, C., & O'Connell, N. (2017). An evaluation of potential dustbathing substrates for commercial broiler chickens. Animal, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117003408 Published in: Animal Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © 2017 The Animal Consortium. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:24. Sep. 2021 1 An evaluation of potential dustbathing substrates for commercial broiler 2 chickens 3 4 M. Baxter1, C. L. Bailie1, N. E. O’Connell1 5 1 Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, 6 Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5BN. [email protected]. 7 8 Corresponding author: Mary Baxter. -
The Vocalisations and Behaviour of Chickens in Anticipation of Rewards
The vocalisations and behaviour of chickens in anticipation of rewards Nicola Anne McGrath Bachelor of Arts, Spanish and French (Honours) Masters of Science in Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2018 School of Veterinary Science Abstract The vocalisations of non-human animals can serve as indicators of motivational or emotional state. The anticipation of rewards activates areas of the brain associated with reward and ‘wanting’, leading to consummatory behaviour and pleasure. Hence, anticipatory behaviour and vocalisations, prior to consumption of an item, could indicate whether animals are experiencing rewarding environments. This thesis aims to investigate whether domestic chickens Gallus gallus produce specific reward-related vocalisations, and whether they can be understood by humans. It first examines the behaviour of chickens in anticipation of different types of reward. It goes on to characterise the vocalisations made in anticipation of rewards, and explore variations in the acoustic structure of these calls. A playback paradigm is further used to study how other chickens respond to reward-related vocalisations, and whether there is any referential information encoded in these vocalisations. Finally, this project asks whether humans can identify chickens’ ‘reward’ calls, and whether they can perceive the arousal levels or valence represented by these vocalisations. Twelve hens were exposed to a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, using sound cues to signal the availability of two food rewards (mealworms and the hens’ normal food), one non-food reward (a container of dustbathing substrate) and a sound-neutral event (sound cue, no reward). -
Chicken-Human Relationships 255
VOL. 83, SPRING 2010 CHICKEN-HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 255 CHICKEN-HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS: FROM PROCRUSTEAN GENOCIDE TO EMPATHIC ANTHROPOMORPHISM KAREN DAVIS Sound of a Battery Hen You can tell me: if you come by the North door, I am in the twelfth cage On the left-hand side of the third row From the floor; and in that cage I am usually the middle one of eight or six or three. But even without directions, you’d Discover me. We have the same pale Comb, clipped yellow beak and white or auburn Feathers, but as the door opens and you Hear above the electric fan a kind of One-word wail, I am the one Who sounds loudest in my head. Karen Davis, Ph.D., is the president and founder of United Poultry Concerns (UPC, www.upc-online.org), a nonprofit organization that promotes the compassionate and respectful treatment of domestic fowl. She maintains a sanctuary for chickens, turkeys, and ducks on the Eastern Shore of Virginia and is the founding editor of Poultry Press and the author of Prisoned Chickens, Poisoned Eggs: An Inside Look at the Modern Poultry Industry, More Than a Meal: The Turkey in History, Myth, Ritual, and Reality, and The Holocaust and the Henmaid’s Tale: A Case for Comparing Atrocities. 256 KAREN DAVIS n Greek mythology, Procrustes (“the stretcher”) is a bandit who keeps an iron bed into which he forces people to fit. Watching Ihis victims approach from his stronghold, Procrustes stretches or shrinks the bed in advance to predetermine their failure to fit into it so that he may torturously reshape them to suit his will. -
A Critical Companion to Zoosemiotics BIOSEMIOTICS
A Critical Companion to Zoosemiotics BIOSEMIOTICS VOLUME 5 Series Editors Marcello Barbieri Professor of Embryology University of Ferrara, Italy President Italian Association for Theoretical Biology Editor-in-Chief Biosemiotics Jesper Hoffmeyer Associate Professor in Biochemistry University of Copenhagen President International Society for Biosemiotic Studies Aims and Scope of the Series Combining research approaches from biology, philosophy and linguistics, the emerging field of biosemi- otics proposes that animals, plants and single cells all engage insemiosis – the conversion of physical signals into conventional signs. This has important implications and applications for issues ranging from natural selection to animal behaviour and human psychology, leaving biosemiotics at the cutting edge of the research on the fundamentals of life. The Springer book series Biosemiotics draws together contributions from leading players in international biosemiotics, producing an unparalleled series that will appeal to all those interested in the origins and evolution of life, including molecular and evolutionary biologists, ecologists, anthropologists, psychol- ogists, philosophers and historians of science, linguists, semioticians and researchers in artificial life, information theory and communication technology. For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7710 Dario Martinelli A Critical Companion to Zoosemiotics People, Paths, Ideas 123 Dario Martinelli University of Helsinki Institute of Art Research Faculty of Arts PL 35 (Vironkatu 1) -
Effects of Environmental and Animal Factors on the Choice Behaviour of Laying Hens, Gallus Gallus Domesticus
Animal preferences: effects of environmental and animal factors on the choice behaviour of laying hens, Gallus gallus domesticus. Sonja Marita Laine BAnimScMgt(Hons) Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January, 2011 Animal Welfare Science Centre, School of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne. i ABSTRACT The preferences of animals may provide us with an indication of what is required to optimise their welfare. One method by which we can assess the preferences of animals is by use of a Y-maze apparatus, in which an animal makes a choice between two resources offered simultaneously. Although this method may seem straightforward, factors in the design of the test (methodological factors) have the potential to influence the choice of animals, leading to spurious results. This thesis, through a series of experiments, examined the effects of some fundamental factors in the design of Y-maze preference tests on the motivation and choice behaviour of laying hens. Findings from the first experiment revealed that the amount of time with a peat moss substrate impacted on hen motivation (as measured by time to choice) and potentially choice behaviour. The next experiment investigated whether this reduction in motivation was caused by the repeated interruption of dustbathing bouts. Results showed that hens did not show avoidance of an interrupted dustbathing bout in the Y-maze or show an acute physiological stress response (as assessed by measurement of plasma corticosteroids) following interrupted dustbathing bouts. To investigate the possibility that hens were unable to learn the association between Y- maze arm (location) and dustbathing bout interruption (reward), a subsequent experiment examined the learning ability of hens in a Y-maze task, where hens had to choose between an empty or peat-filled dustbath without seeing the contents of each prior to making a choice. -
An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Furnished Cages for Egg-Laying Hens
An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Furnished Cages for Egg-Laying Hens Abstract Furnished cages were developed in response to criticisms about conventional battery-cage confinement of laying hens in commercial egg production. Battery cages—small, barren, wire enclosures—restrictively confine the birds, depriving them of the opportunity to display many important patterns of behavior. In contrast, furnished cages are typically equipped with a nest box, perch, and dustbathing area, thereby providing more behavioral outlets than conventional cages. However, similar to conventional battery cages, furnished cages provide an unacceptably limited amount of space per bird; prevent many important locomotory activities, including running, jumping, flying, and wing-flapping; and constrain perching, dustbathing, and nesting. The severe locomotory restriction of cages also prevents hens from obtaining normal amounts of exercise, which in turn leads to poor skeletal strength and other pathologies. While allowing for some natural behavior denied in conventional cages, furnished cages remain unable to adequately provide for an acceptable level of welfare for hens kept in commercial egg production. Egg Production Systems © Compassion Over Killing © Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research © The HSUS Battery Cages Furnished Cages Cage-Free Aviary In U.S. commercial egg production, 95% of laying hens are confined in battery cages,* small wire enclosures that afford each hen 432.3 cm2 (67 in2),1 an amount of space smaller than a single sheet of letter-sized paper. These cages are placed side by side in rows and stacked in tiers commonly 4-8 levels high in industrial egg production operations. Each cage may hold 5-10 birds,2 and hundreds of thousands of hens may be confined within a single building. -
The Welfare of Layer Hens in Cage and Cage-Free Housing Systems
THE WELFARE OF LAYER HENS IN CAGE AND CAGE-FREE HOUSING SYSTEMS AUGUST 2016 The RSPCA is Australia’s leading animal welfare organisation and one of Australia’s most trusted charities. The RSPCA works to prevent cruelty to animals by actively promoting their care and protection. RSPCA Australia PO Box 265, Deakin West ACT 2600 © RSPCA Australia 2016 ISBN 978-0-9597452-1-4 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................................................12 2. ASSESSMENT OF LAYER HEN WELFARE .............................................................................................................................................14 2.1 What is animal welfare and how is it assessed? ............................................................................................................................14 2.1.1 The Five Freedoms ...................................................................................................................................................................15 2.1.2 The Five Domains .....................................................................................................................................................................15 2.1.3 Application to layer -
Cows in the Commons, Dogs on the Lawn: a History of Animals in Seattle
Cows in the Commons, Dogs on the Lawn: A History of Animals in Seattle Frederick L. Brown A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2010 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: History ©Copyright 2010 Frederick L. Brown University of Washington Abstract Cows in the Commons, Dogs on the Lawn: A History of Animals in Seattle Frederick L. Brown Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor Linda Nash Department of History This dissertation explores the ways humans used animals to shape Seattle in its material and cultural forms, the struggles among humans about how best to incorporate animals into urban life, and animals’ own active role in the city. The power of animals in this history stems, in part, from their ability to provide three things that humans desire: materials goods, love, and prestige. Humans have considered animals to be property, companions, and symbols – creatures of economic, social, and cultural importance. Human quests for these goods have consistently resulted in struggles over three distinctions: those between human and animal, between domestic and wild, and between pet and livestock. This dissertation explores the interplay of two alternative strategies that humans adopt toward these three distinctions: treating them as strict dualisms versus considering them to be borderlands, as distinctions that are fluid and permeable. Yet it also asserts that animals have their own active role in history. It is not in isolation but in relationship with animals and the rest of nonhuman nature that humans formed plans for Seattle. Animal actions sometimes furthered and sometimes countered human projects. -
Aktuelle Arbeiten Zur Artgemäßen Tierhaltung 2013 Aktuelle Arbeiten Zur Artgemäßen Tierhaltung € 25 [D] ISBN 978-3-941583-87-0 503 KTBL-Schrift 503
In gewohnter Regelmäßigkeit sammelt die Fachtagung „Angewandte Ethologie“ im November eines jeden Jahres in Freiburg die Aktuelle Arbeiten zur neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zum Thema Verhalten. Die vorliegende Schrift bündelt als Tagungs- artgemäßen Tierhaltung band das in 21 Vorträgen und 14 Postern prä- sentierte Wissen und ist für alle diejenigen, die 2013 sich mit der angewandten Ethologie befassen, unverzichtbar. KTBL-Schrift 503 Seit jeher stehen die landwirtschaftlichen Nutz- tiere Rinder, Schweine, Ziegen, Schafe und Legehennen im Fokus der Betrachtungen. Es ist den Organisatoren aber auch geglückt, Beiträ- ge zum Verhalten von Pferden in die Tagung zu integrieren. So werden in verschiedenen Themenblöcken wie beispielsweise zum Lernverhalten, zum Fortbewegungsverhalten beim Schwein, zum Sozialverhalten oder zu spezifischen Verhal- tensweisen kompetent neueste Forschungser- gebnisse präsentiert. Auch die Verhaltensbeein- flussung im Melkstand und die Bewertung von Emotionen kommen nicht zu kurz. Ein Übersichtsreferat zur Qualitätssicherung bei ethologischen Untersuchungen rundet die Tagung ab. Aktuelle Arbeiten zur artgemäßen Tierhaltung 2013 Aktuelle Arbeiten zur artgemäßen Tierhaltung www.ktbl.de € 25 [D] ISBN 978-3-941583-87-0 503 KTBL-Schrift 503 Aktuelle Arbeiten zur artgemäßen Tierhaltung 2013 Current Research in Applied Ethology Vorträge anlässlich der 45. Internationalen Arbeitstagung Angewandte Ethologie bei Nutztieren der Deutschen Veterinärmedizinischen Gesellschaft e. V. (DVG) Fachgruppe Ethologie und Tierhaltung -
With Changes
Costs and benefits of maternally derived immunity in a game bird system Matthew B. Ellis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh 2009 Table of Contents CONTENTS .................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. IV DECLARATION............................................................................................ VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................. VII CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................1 1.1.1. Maternal effects..................................................................................................................1 1.1.2. Maternally derived immunity..............................................................................................4 1.1.3. Maternally derived immunity as a vaccination strategy........................................................9 1.1.4. Maternally derived immunity as a vaccination strategy in game birds ................................ 11 1.2. Aims........................................................................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER 2 - COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE COXABIC VACCINE TO