The New Cosmology
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The Big Bang: Fact Or Fiction?
Steady-state cosmologies in context From Arrhenius to Einstein, from Hoyle to Linde The Big Bang: Fact or Fiction? Cormac O’Raifeartaigh FRAS Waterford Institute of Technology Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Overview Steady-state cosmology (static) The ideas of Arrhenius; Nernst MacMillan; Millikan Steady-state cosmology (non-static) Tolman; Einstein; Mimura; Schrödinger Einstein’s steady-state model The cosmologies of Hoyle, Bondi and Gold Einstein vs Hoyle Steady-state cosmology today Eternal inflation and the steady-state universe The steady-state universe (static) 2nd law of thermodynamics (1850-) Irreversible degenerating universe? ‘Heat death’ Replenishment of energy lost by the stars? William Rankine (1852); Arthur Holmes (1914) William Crookes (1886); George Toulmin (1789) Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) Catastrophism vs uniformitarianism Svante Arrhenius: infinite, perpetual universe Continuous replenishment of celestial bodies via radiation pressure and galactic collisions (1903) Walther Nernst (1912, 1916) Walther Nernst (1864-1941) Zero point energy of the ether = energy resevoir The static steady-state universe (1920s) William Duncan MacMillan (1918, 1925) Radiant energy from the stars absorbed by the ether Energy reconstituted as new matter Robert Millikan (1928) William MacMillan (1871-1948) Support for MacMillan Cosmic rays from interstellar space (1925) Birth cry of creation of heavier elements (1928) Replenishment of protons from stellar radiation Atom building in interstellar space: media attention James Jeans (1928) -
Expanding Earth and Static Universe: Two Papers of 1935
1 Expanding Earth and Static Universe: Two Papers of 1935 Helge Kragh Abstract: The German-born astronomer Jacob K. E. Halm (1866-1944) wrote in 1935 two papers on quite different subjects, one an astrophysically based argument for the expanding Earth and the other a no less original attempt to explain the galactic redshifts on the basis of a static universe. Of course, Halm was wrong in both cases. The second of the papers is reproduced in toto and compared to other early attempts to avoid the expansion of the universe by means of “tired light” explanations of the redshifts. Although often referred to in the literature on the expanding Earth, the content of Halm’s first paper is not well known. This article also provides a brief account of Halm’s life and scientific career, which included important studies of the solar spectrum (the “limb effect”) and the first version of the mass-luminosity relation for stars. Introduction Although a relatively minor figure in the history of astronomy, the German-British- South African astronomer Jacob Halm did interesting work in astronomy and its allied sciences [Spencer Jones 1945; Glass 2014]. This paper offers a brief account of Halm’s career and some of his most important contributions to astronomy from the first two decades of the twentieth century. However, it focuses on two papers he published in 1935, nearly a decade after his retirement from his post at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. The two papers, published in the same issue of the Journal of the Astronomical Society of South Africa, are not easily accessible and very rarely referred to in the history of science literature. -
Matter and Spirit in the Universe : Scientific and Religious Preludes to Modern Cosmology
Matter andSpirit in the Universe Scientific and Religious Preludes to Modem Cosmology This page intentionally left blank HISTORY OF MODERN PHYSICAL SCIENCES – VOL. 3 Matter andSpirit in the Universe Scientific and Religious Preludes to Moddern Cosmology Helge Kragh Aarthus University, Denmark Imperial College Press Published by Imperial College Press 57 Shelton Street Covent Garden London WC2H 9HE Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. History of Modern Physical Sciences — Vol. 3 MATTER AND SPIRIT IN THE UNIVERSE Scientific and Religious Preludes to Modern Cosmology Copyright © 2004 by Imperial College Press All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 1-86094-469-8 ISBN 1-86094-485-X (pbk) Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore. Ian_Matter and Spirit in the Universe.pmd1 10/4/2005, 6:37 PM B239_FM.qxd 09/23/04 11:24 AM Page v To Line and Mikkel This page intentionally left blank B239_FM.qxd 09/23/04 11:24 AM Page vi Preface The relationship between religion and science has for a long time been a central area in the history of science and ideas. -
Religious Contexts of Thermodynamics and Cosmology
ENTROPIC CREATION Science, Technology and Culture, 1700–1945 Series Editors David M. Knight University of Durham and Trevor Levere University of Toronto Science, Technology and Culture, 1700–1945 focuses on the social, cultural, industrial and economic contexts of science and technology from the ‘scientific revolution’ up to the Second World War. it explores the agricultural and industrial revolutions of the eighteenth century, the coffee-house culture of the Enlightenment, the spread of museums, botanic gardens and expositions in the nineteenth century, to the Franco- Prussian War of 1870, seen as a victory for German science. it also addresses the dependence of society on science and technology in the twentieth century. Science, Technology and Culture, 1700–1945 addresses issues of the interaction of science, technology and culture in the period from 1700 to 1945, at the same time as including new research within the field of the history of science. Also in the series William Crookes (1832–1919) and the Commercialization of Science William H. Brock Science, Politics and Business in the Work of Sir John Lubbock A Man of Universal Mind Mark Patton Making Scientific Instruments in the Industrial Revolution A.D. Morrison-Low Entropic Creation Religious Contexts of Thermodynamics and Cosmology HELGE S. KRAGH University of Aarhus, Denmark © Helge S. Kragh 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Helge S. Kragh has asserted his moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. -
Read Book Cosmology Ebook Free Download
COSMOLOGY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Steven Weinberg | 624 pages | 28 Apr 2008 | Oxford University Press | 9780198526827 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom Cosmology - Wikipedia This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Retrieved 17 October New Scientist. The Wraparound Universe. CRC Press. Phantom energy? Astrophysicists scramble to patch a hole in the universe, rewriting cosmic history in the process". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 February Spergel Fall Cosmological parameters". Table 4 on page 31 of PDF. Retrieved 1 April National Science Foundation. Retrieved 18 March Retrieved 17 March Retrieved 20 June BBC News. Physical Review Letters. Bibcode : PhRvL. Retrieved 2 December The Journal of Theological Studies. Retrieved 19 August Boyer , A History of Mathematics. Forster, E. De Mundo. Oxford University Press. Discovery of cosmic microwave background History of the Big Bang theory Religious interpretations of the Big Bang Timeline of cosmological theories. Cosmic microwave background Cosmic neutrino background Gravitational wave background Inflation Nucleosynthesis Habitable epoch. Future of an expanding universe Ultimate fate of the universe. Galaxy filament Galaxy formation Large quasar group Large-scale structure Reionization Shape of the universe Structure formation. Environmental humanities. Crop art Environmental art Environmental sculpture Land art Landscape painting Photography conservation landscape nature wildlife Sculpture trail Site-specific art Sustainable art. Cultural ecology Cultural landscape Ecolinguistics Ecological anthropology Ecosemiotics Environmental anthropology Ethnoecology Traditional ecological knowledge. Aesthetics of nature Constructivism Cosmology Critical realism Deep ecology Ecofeminism Ecophenomenology Ecosophy Environmental ethics Environmental justice Environmental philosophy Materialism Natural philosophy Philosophy of mind Philosophy of science Predation problem Social ecology.