Comments and Interpretations 2019 OFFICIAL WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL RULES COMMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS April 30th, 2019 Page 2 of 126 2019 OFFICIAL WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL RULES COMMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS Comments and Interpretations of the 2018 Official Wheelchair Basketball Rules as approved by IWBF Executive Council Mies, Switzerland, April 2019 Valid as of 30th April 2019 April 30th, 2019 Page 3 of 126 2019 OFFICIAL WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL RULES COMMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS THESE COMMENTS AND INTERPETATIONS ARE PUBLISHED BY INTERNATIONAL WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL FEDERATION (IWBF) (Founded 1973) © Copyright: IWBF Edited by: IWBF Version: 2019 Vers#1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Postal Address & Office Location: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation Route Suisse 5 – P.O. Box 29 1295 Mies, Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 545 00 00 Fax: +41 22 545 00 99 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.iwbf.org IWBF Technical Commission Chairman Mr Cristian Roja, Italy Secretary Mr Matt Wells, Australia Members Mr Adolfo Damian Berdun, Argentina Mrs Tonia Gomez-Ruf, Spain Mr Edwin Wallaart, Netherlands Mr Jon Burford, USA Sub-Committee Mr Ricardo Moreno, Spain Mr Haj Bhania, Great Britain Mr José Cardoso, Portugal Ex-officio Members Mr Ulf Mehrens, IWBF President Mr Norbert Kucera, IWBF Secretary General April 30th, 2019 Page 4 of 126 2019 OFFICIAL WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL RULES COMMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS Table of Contents INTRODUCTION AND KEY .......................................................................................... 7 RULE TWO – PLAYING COURT AND EQUIPMENT .................................................. 8 Art. 2 Playing Court .................................................................................................................. 8 Art. 3 Equipment ...................................................................................................................... 8 RULE THREE – TEAMS .............................................................................................. 14 Art. 4 Teams ........................................................................................................................... 14 Art. 5 Players: Injury............................................................................................................... 14 Art. 7 Coaches: Duties and powers ........................................................................................ 17 RULE FOUR – PLAYING REGULATIONS ................................................................ 19 Art. 8 Playing time, tied score and overtime ......................................................................... 19 Art. 9 Beginning and end of a quarter, overtime or the game .............................................. 19 Art. 10 Status of the ball ......................................................................................................... 21 Art. 12 Tap-off and alternating possession ............................................................................ 22 Art. 13 How the ball is played ................................................................................................. 27 Art. 14 Control of the ball ....................................................................................................... 27 Art. 15 Player in the act of shooting ....................................................................................... 28 Art. 16 Goal: When made and its value .................................................................................. 30 Art. 17 Throw-in ...................................................................................................................... 33 Art. 18/19 Time-out / Substitution ........................................................................................ 45 RULE FIVE – VIOLATIONS ........................................................................................ 53 Art. 23 Player out-of-bounds and ball out-of-bounds ............................................................ 53 Art. 24 Dribbling...................................................................................................................... 53 Art. 25 Travelling (Three pushes) ........................................................................................... 54 Art. 26 3 seconds .................................................................................................................... 54 Art. 28 8 seconds .................................................................................................................... 55 Art. 29 / 50 24 seconds ......................................................................................................... 58 Art. 30 Ball returned to the backcourt ...................................................................................... 70 Art. 31 Lifting............................................................................................................................. 72 RULE SIX – FOULS ..................................................................................................... 76 Art. 32 Fouls ............................................................................................................................ 76 Art. 33 Contact: General principles ........................................................................................ 76 Art. 35 Double foul ................................................................................................................. 83 Art. 36 Technical foul .............................................................................................................. 84 Art. 37 Unsportsmanlike foul.................................................................................................. 98 Art. 38 Disqualifying foul ...................................................................................................... 103 Art. 39 Fighting ..................................................................................................................... 105 RULE SEVEN – GENERAL PROVISIONS ............................................................... 107 Art. 42 Special situations ...................................................................................................... 107 Art. 43 Free throws ............................................................................................................... 113 Art. 44 Correctable error ...................................................................................................... 114 April 30th, 2019 Page 5 of 126 2019 OFFICIAL WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL RULES COMMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS RULE EIGHT – OFFICIALS, TABLE OFFICIALS, COMMISSIONER: DUTIES AND POWERS ....................................................................................................... 118 Art. 45 Officials, table officials and commissioner ............................................................... 118 Art. 46 Crew chief: Duties and powers ................................................................................. 118 Art. 48 Scorer and assistant scorer: Duties.......................................................................... 124 RULE NINE– PLAYER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM .............................................. 125 Art. 51 Player Classification Points System .......................................................................... 125 Diagrams: By Mr Erik Etzelmueller The comments and interpretations presented in this document are the IWBF Official Comments & Interpretations of the IWBF Official Wheelchair Basketball Rules 2018 and are effective as of 30th April 2019. This document supersedes all previously published IWBF Official Comments & Interpretations. April 30th, 2019 Page 6 of 126 2019 OFFICIAL WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL RULES COMMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS INTRODUCTION AND KEY The figures before each case refer to the equivalent article of the Official Wheelchair Basketball Rules 2018. The purpose of these interpretations is to unify the application of the rules globally. In addition, this book deals with situations within the game where regulations are not specifically mentioned in the rules, but which can be derived from the spirit and the sense of the rules in the context of modern tendencies in the development of wheelchair basketball. Since the contest for free space on the court is significantly accentuated in wheelchair basketball, more attention must be given to the part of the game played without the ball. A considerable amount of illegal contact occurs away from the ball and demands the attention of the officials. INTRODUCTION The rules of the game sometimes state or imply that the ball is dead, or that a foul or violation is involved. If they do not, it should be assumed that the ball is live and that no foul or violation has occurred to affect the given situation. A single infraction is not complicated by a second infraction, or subject to the 4 team-foul1 situation unless so stated or implied. Notation For the sake of consistency throughout this document, ‘team A’ is the (initial) offensive team, ‘team B’ is the defensive team. A1 – A5, B1 – B5 are players; A6 – A12, B6 – B12 are substitutes. 1 All cases in this document are based on the 4 x 10 minute game format April 30th, 2019 Page 7 of 126 2019 OFFICIAL WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL