Dr. Terry Hidichuk The United Centre for Theological Studies (204) 786-9247 [email protected] Dr. Dean Peachey Global College (204)988-7106 [email protected]

GTHEO 7362 730 Theological Reflections in Context: Religion, Rights and Relationships in and the

Location: Room 3M60

Dates: On-campus classes - Thursday, 6:00-9:00 pm – Jan 8, 15, 22, 29, Feb 5, 12 Field portion - February 15-27 On-campus classes - 6:00-9:00 pm – March 12, 19, 26

Course Description:

This course explores contemporary conflict and justice issues in Israeli-Palestinian relations, with particular attention to the perspectives and contributions of the three Abrahamic faith traditions, along with secular narratives. The course will meet once a week on campus, and include two weeks in Israel and the West Bank. This field portion will include guest lectures from various individuals and groups, visits to sites of historical, political and theological significance.

Learning Outcomes:

1: Students will be able to articulate an understanding of the conflict in Israel and the West Bank from a variety of perspectives. 2: Students will be able to think critically about and respond to scholars and authors who have researched and written about rights, religion and relationship in the region. 3: Through the process of compassionate listening, students will learn how to listen without judgment and in ways that invite disagreement. 4: (outcomes to be determined during the first class in discussion with students) 5: (outcomes to be determined during the first class in discussion with students)

Required Textbooks:

(TENTATIVE) Chacour, E. We Belong to the Land: The Story of a Palestinian Israeli who lives for Peace and Reconciliation. South Bend: IN: Notre Dame, 2001. Feiler, B. Abraham: A Journey to the Heart of Three Faiths. New York: Harper, 2005. Shavit, A. My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2013.

1 Smith, C. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History with Documents. Bedford, 8th Ed., 2012. (You may find an older version cheaper on-line, but buy the updated 2012 edition.) Tolan, S. The Lemon Tree: An Arab, A Jew, and the Heart of the Middle East. New York: Bloomsbury, 2006.

Schedule of Topics and Readings: NB: All topics listed on this course outline may not be covered.

On-campus class sessions

Date Knowledge content Awareness & Skills Reading content Jan 8 Course objectives and Video: Children of The Lemon assumptions Abraham (Compassionate Tree. (Students Listening Project) encouraged to What to expect in field portion read the book in advance) Introductory lecture and discussion of The Lemon Tree.

Jan 20th Century History of Israel & Smith 15 Palestine Shavit

Jan 20th Century History of Israel & Interfaith dialogue Smith 22 Palestine Cont. Shavit

Interfaith Relations Jan 21st Century in the region: Small group exercise that Shavit 29 Current political & human applies skills for listening Smith rights debates. & dialogue Feb 5 Abraham – looking at the texts Small group exercise that Feiler related to Abraham in Jewish applies skills for listening and Muslim traditions, and how & dialogue interpretations of these texts have shaped issues related to the land where Abraham is understood to have lived Feb Interfaith relations, religious Final Prep for trip Chacour 12 perspectives on justice and peace Mar 5 NO CLASS

Mar Seminar discussions will build TBA 12 upon topics and experiences of the field portion of the course

2 Mar Seminar discussions will build TBA 19 upon topics and experiences of the field portion of the course Mar Group Presentations 26

Field Class Portion

Depart Winnipeg Saturday, February 14; arrive Tel Aviv Sunday, Feb. 15.

Note: This is a provisional itinerary – subject to change—outlining some of the activities and guest speakers, in addition to instructor lectures. Some guest speakers are confirmed, others are pending.

Sunday, Feb 15 Arrival Lodging: Tantur Ecumenical Center (between and Bethlehem)

Monday, Feb 16

Understanding Jerusalem The Old City Davidson excavations and visit to Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif Temple Institute – an organization dedicated to the study and rebuilding of the Jewish temple Panoramic tour of Old City Lodging: Tantur Ecumenical Center Tuesday, Feb 17 Modern Jerusalem

Yad Vashem Holocaust museum tour and lecture Al-Quds University – Discussion regarding Al-Quds student visit to Polish concentration camp Lodging: Tantur Ecumenical Center

Wednesday, Feb 18 Land of Abraham – Then and now – Hebron & South Hebron Hills

Visit the Tomb of the Patriarchs, currently divided into a mosque and a synagogue Hebron walking tour and discussion with Christian Peacemaker Team

3 Visit At-Tuwani, a Muslim village in South Hebron hills. Lunch prepared by the Women‘s Cooperative. Lodging: Tantur Ecumenical Center Thursday, Feb 19 Human Rights Work in Bethlehem Morning

Aida refugee camp Wi‘am Conflict Resolution Center - Zoughbi Zoughbi, Founding Director of Wi‘am and former member of the City Council for Bethlehem. LUNCH: BBQ on Wi’am patio Afternoon – Free time Lodging: Tantur Ecumenical Center

Friday, Feb 20

Effrat, a Jewish settlement in the West Bank - Ardie Geldman and tour of the town. Peace Centre at Nativity Square in Bethlehem, and Church of the Nativity Friday prayers at Mosque of Omar in Bethlehem Attend erev shabbat service in Jerusalem Lodging: Israeli home stay Saturday, Feb 21

Holy Land Trust – discussion of economic development projects in Bethlehem Peter Bray, Vice-Chancellor of Bethlehem University Palestinian Authority representative Lodging: Palestinian home stay Human Rights Work in Israel Sunday, Feb 22

Minerva Centre for Human Rights at Hebrew University Rabbis for Human Rights - Rabbi Arik Aschermann, Director; lecture on Torah- based human rights approach in Judaism. OR , Co-founder and Director of ICAHD, the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions, Nobel Peace Prize Nominee. Bereaved Families Circle, Israeli and Palestinian families whose children have died in the conflict Israel government representative

Dinner and DABKA dancing at Tent Restaurant Lodging: Palestinian home stay

4 Monday, Feb 23

Travel to Ramallah

Meetings with civil society, business, and government groups.

Lodging: Ibillin

Tuesday, Feb 24

Golan Heights or Haifa or or Bir‘am Zokrot

Lodging: Ibillin

Wednesday, Feb 25

Travel down the Jordan Valley to Dead Sea

Jericho City (Mount of Temptation and cable car) Qumran/Essenes

Lodging Ein Gedi kibbutz

Thursday, Feb 26 Consolidation seminar Afternoon float in Dead Sea

Lodging Ein Gedi kibbutz Friday, Feb 27 Masada – sunrise hike (or cable car option) Consolidation seminar Optional float or hike to waterfall

Lodging Ein Gedi kibbutz

Saturday Feb 28

Morning departure for Tel Aviv airport for noon flight.

Evaluation, Assignments and Weighting

Annotated bibliography. Keep an annotated bibliography of 15% Jan 22 everything you read. Annotations should consist of: a) full citation for the item, b) a brief (1-2 paragraphs) abstract of the main content of the 15% Feb 12

5 book, chapter, or article, and c) your discussion, reactions to the item, or questions arising (1-3 paragraphs) The bibliography will be submitted in two installments: Week 3 and Week 6 of the course. The bibliography must include one fiction item. Minimum entries for each of the two submissions (in addition to readings assigned for class): 5 articles in scholarly journals, or chapters in edited books 1 book 1 non-print (film, documentary, artwork, etc.) Consistent participation and active engagement in course sessions 10% On-campus and activities. 10% In-field Analytic journal where you analyze and integrate what you see 15% April 2 and hear during the field course with readings and other life experiences. Plan to make journal entries daily or every other day. Total length: approximately 5000 words. Group presentation, with individual supporting paper. March 26 Group presentation 10% Research paper (10-15 pages in length) that expands upon 25% an aspect of the presentation

Grade Scale: A+ = 95-100% * B+ = 78-80% C+ = 68-70% F = below 50% A = 84-94% B = 74-77% C = 60-67% A- = 81-83% B- = 71-73% D = 50-59%

Bibliography

Non-fiction

Abuelaish, Isseldin. I Shall Not Hate. Vintage Canada, 2011.

Amir, Eli. Yasmin. London: Halban, 2012. The third part of a trilogy, this novel is about a love affair between an Israeli and a Palestinian. Amir is an Iraqi Jew and Yasmin has enjoyed a great deal of popularity in Egypt.

Avnery, Uri. Israel's Vicious Circle: Ten Years of Writings on Israel and Palestine. Edited by Sara R. Powell. London: Pluto Press, 2008. In 1982, Avnery, an Israeli author and journalist, crossed the front lines and met with Yasser Arafat, believed to be the first time any Israeli met with the PLO leader. He founded the peace activist movement Gush Shalom in 1993.

Beinart, Peter. The Crisis of . New York: Picador, 2013.

6 Peter Beinart (1971-), has become a major American Jewish voice for liberal Zionism and an outspoken opponent of the settler movement and of the current Israeli government.

Braverman, Mark. Fatal Embrace: Christians, , and the Search for Peace in the Holy Land. New York: Beaufort Books, 2010. An American Jew struggles to understand multiple political and religious perspectives in the conflict.

Braverman, Mark. A Wall in Jerusalem: Hope, Healing and the Struggle for Justice in Israel and Palestine. New York: Jericho Books, 2013.

Burg, Avraham. The Holocaust is Over: We Must Rise from the Ashes. New York: St. Martins, 2008.

Carroll, James. Jerusalem, Jerusalem. New York: HMH Books, 2011. From the author of Constantine’s Sword: Carroll illuminates the mounting European fixation on a heavenly Jerusalem as spark of both antisemitism and racist colonial contempt.

Chacour, Blood Brothers. Grand Rapids, MI: Chosen Books, 2003.

Collins, Larry and Dominique Lapierre. O Jerusalem. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988. An important book that tells the story of the struggle for the birth of the state of Israel from the perspectives of the Jews, the British and the . A work that recreates the history moment by moment. Considered to be a classic.

Dershowitz, Alan. The Case for Israel. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons, 2003. The Case for is written in the form of a legal defense brief. Dershowitz presents an argument for Israel‘s right to exist, rebuts many criticisms of Israel, and addresses the focus of the surrounding Arab nations intent on destroying Israel.

Florence, Ronald. Lawrence and Aaronsohn: T.E. Lawrence, Aaron Aaronsohn, and the Seeds of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. New York: Viking, 2007. A dual biography of two key figures in Middle Eastern history, Florence (Blood Libel) grounds the clash of Arab and Jewish nationalisms in the Ottoman Empire's collapse during WWI.

Forrest. A.C. The Unholy Land. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1971. The Unholy Land has deeply affected the relationship between the Canadian Jewish community and the United Church of Canada to this day. It is an important book to read in the context of understanding how the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has so deeply affected interfaith relations in Canada. See also Reuben Slonim‘s book.

Friedman, Thomas. From Beirut to Jerusalem. New York: 2012.

7 The book recounts Friedman‘s experiences during his experiences as bureau chief in Beirut and Jerusalem, during a period that encompasses many important events in the region that had far-reaching effects to this day, such as the first Palestinian Intifada. It is a memoir as well as a political and social analysis of the region.

Gish, Art. At-Tuwani Journal: Hope and Nonviolent Action I n a Palestinian Village. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 2008. A volunteer with Christian Peacemaker Teams chronicles his experiences as an observer in a Palestinian village encountering difficulties with its settler neighbours.

Gish, Art. Hebron Journal. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 2001. The account of an American member of a Christian Peacemaker Team documenting activities of settlers and Palestinians in Hebron.

Grossman, David. To The End Of The Land. Translated by Jessica Cohen. McClelland and Stewart, 2010. David Grossman (1954-) is an Israeli author, journalist and activist who has been extremely critical Israeli occupation of the territories captured in 1967 and of its policies toward Palestinians. Although the novel is a work of fiction, it explores the effects of war, of the author‘s personal loss, of lingering conflict.

Harris, Robert. An Officer and a Spy. London: Arrow, 2014. One of the newer books on the Dreyfus Affair. This particular version is retold as a gripping thriller. Without the Dreyfus affair, modern Zionism might not have seen the light of day.

Johnson, Penny & Raja Shehadeh (Eds.), Seeking Palestine: New Palestinian Writings on Exile and Home, 2012.

Montefiore, Simon Sebag, Jerusalem: The Biography. New York: Knopf, 2011. Montefiore is a British journalist, author and historian. In his book 3,000 years of history are presented in fascinating detail, rendering a better understanding of the complexity of the current situation. Detailed notes are provided. (NB. Especially pp. 303-544)

Oren, Michael B. Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East. New York: Presidio Press, 2003. Oren (1955-) is an American-born Israeli historian and author who served as Israel‘s Ambassador to the US. This past summer, Oren argued against a ceasefire in the Gaza conflict, insisting that Israel must be allowed ―to defang and deprive Hamas of its heavy arms and make it pay a prohibitive cost.

Oz, Amos. A Tale of Love and Darkness. Translated by Nicholas De Lange. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005.

8 Amos Oz (1939-) has advocated for a two-state solution since 1967, one of the first Israelis to do so. This book is a memoir and family history that is also set against the enfolding history of the nascent Jewish state.

Said, Edward W. The Politics of Dispossession: The Struggle for Palestinian Self- Determination, 1969-1994. Toronto: Random House, 1994. Edward Said (1935-2003) was a Palestinian-American scholar, recognized as one of the founders of the critical theory field of post-colonialism. In this book, a collection of essays dating from 1969 to 1994, Said makes a case for Palestinian self-determination. However, he sharply criticizes Yasser Arafat, depicting him as corrupt.

Segev, Tom. 1949: The First Israelis. Translated by Arlen N. Weinstein. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1998. Tom Segev (1945-) is considered to be a revisionist Israeli historian; he was one of the first to challenge what is the traditional narrative of the events leading up to and following independence. This book recounts the seminal events that occurred during the first years of independence.

Schleim, Avi. The Iron Wall. New York: Norton, 2014.

Shehadeh, Raja. Palestinian Walks: Forays into a Vanishing Landscape. New York: Scribner, 2008.

Slonim Reuben. Family Quarrel: The United Church and the Jews. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin and Company, 1977. In Family Quarrel, Slonim attempted to outline the difficulties between the Canadian Jewish community and the United Church of Canada, as well as a history of the relationship good and bad between the two, in an attempt to not only reconcile them but to improve relations between Canadian Christians and Jews in general.

Tessler, Mark. A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009. Mark Tessler is one of few Americans to have studied and lived in both Israel and the Arab world.

Fiction

Khadra, Yasmina. The Attack. Translated by John Cullen. New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2007. The novel, set in Tel Aviv, is about an Arab-Israeli surgeon, seemingly well integrated into Israeli society, who discovers that his beautiful young wife, Sihem, has been implicated in a horrific suicide bombing. It is a powerful story that also paints a picture of Arab-Jewish relations in Israeli society that is honest but also painful.

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Uris, Leon. Exodus. New York, NY: Doubleday, 1958. A novel that presented a rather skewed version of history whose deep repercussions that still reverberate today.

Wouk, Herman. The Hope. New York: Back Bay Books, 2002. Herman Wouk‘s impressive novel focusing on the history of Israel from 1948 to 1967.

Wouk, Herman. The Glory. New York: Back Bay Books, 2002. A novel which is a sequel to The Hope, beginning in 1967, and encompasses important historical events such as the Yom Kippur War, Entebbe, the bombing of Iran‘s nuclear reactor, and attempts to present a portrait of the major historical figures of the times.

Video

1. 5 Broken Cameras. Directed by Emad Burnat. Burnat Films, 2011. DVD. Kino Lorber Films, 2013. A documentary on a Palestinian farmer's chronicle of his nonviolent resistance to the actions of the Israeli army.

2. Israel: Birth of a Nation. Directed by Sir Martin Gilbert. DVD. History Channel, A&E Entertainment, 1996. Sir Martin Gilbert, author of over sixty books, hosts this gripping account of Israel's difficult first years.

3. Hanna K. Directed by Costa Gavras. Universal Pictures, 1983. VHS. Universal Pictures, 1984. Hanna K. is the story of Hanna Kaufman, a child of Holocaust survivors and an American-Jewish immigrant to Israel, who is a court-appointed lawyer assigned to defend a Palestinian, Salim Bakri, accused of terrorism and infiltration.

My Neighborhood. http://www.justvision.org/myneighbourhood

4. . Directed by Abudllah Omeish, Sufyan Omeish. Triple Eye Films, 2006. DVD. Trip'ol'ii Productions, 2007. 'Occupation 101' analyses the facts and hidden truths surrounding the Israeli- Palestinian conflict and dispels many of its long-perceived myths and misconceptions.

5. . Directed by Hany Abu- Assad. Warner Independent Pictures, 2005. DVD. Warner Home Video, 2006. Lifelong friends Said and Khaled are recruited by an extremist group to carry out a suicide attack on civilians in Tel-Aviv.

10 6. Promises. Directed by Carolos Bolado, B.J. Goldberg, and Justine Shapiro. Promises Film Project, 2001. DVD. New Yorker Video, 2004. Nominated for best documentary, Academy Awards, 2002. Several Jewish and Palestinian children are followed for three years and put in touch with each other, in this alternative look at the Jewish-Palestinian conflict.

7. The Attack. Directed by Ziad Doueri. Lama films, 2012. DVD. Cohen Media Group, 2013. Based on the novel by the same name, Amin Jaafari (Ali Suliman), an Israeli Palestinian surgeon, fully assimilated into Tel Aviv society, has a loving wife, an exemplary career, and many Jewish friends. But his picture-perfect life is turned upside down when a suicide bombing leaves nineteen dead, and the Israeli police inform him that his wife Sihem (Evgenia Dodena), who also died in the explosion, was responsible.

8.The Case for Israel: Democracy’s Outpost. Directed by Michael Ohay. Doc Emet Productions, 2009. Harvard professor Alan Dershowitz discusses and presents evidence from high profile political experts across to tackle radical accusations against Israel and its basic right to exist.

9. The Long Way Home. Directed by Mark Jonathan Harris. Moriah Films, 1997. This documentary tells the story of the struggle European Jews faced in trying to reach Palestine, which they hoped would become the new Jewish homeland.

The Gatekeepers. http://www.thegatekeepersfilm.com/

10.The Other Son. Directed by Lorraine Lévy. Cité Films, 2012. DV. Cohen Media Group, 2013. A provocative tale filmed in Israel and the West Bank of two young men—one Israeli the other Palestinian who discover they were accidentally switched at birth and the complex repercussions on themselves and their respective families.

11. Two Sided Story. Directed by Tor Ben Mayor. A co-production of the Parents Circle Families Forum, 2shot, and ‗Ma'an', 2012. In the film, Emmy award director, Tor Ben Mayor follows a group of 27 Palestinians and Israelis who meet under the frame of a unique project called "History through the Human Eye" led by Parents Circle-Families Forum - bereaved Palestinian and Israelis for Peace and Reconciliation

12. The Story of the Jews with Simon Schama. Directed by Ella Bahaire and Tim Kirby. DVD. PBS, 2013. A five part history of the Jews from antiquity until modern times that helps to provide an understanding of the 4,000 year history of the Jews—achievement, tolerance, thought and imagination, but also isolation, separation, and prejudice.

11 13. Waltz with Bashir. Directed by Ari Folman. Sony Pictures Classics, 2008. DVD Sony Pictures Classics, 2009. Golden Globe winner for Best Foreign Film. Animated. One night at a bar, an old friend tells director Ari about a recurring nightmare in which he is chased by 26 vicious dogs. Every night, the same number of beasts. The two men conclude that there's a connection to their Israeli Army mission in the first Lebanon War of the early eighties.

13. Within the Eye of the Storm. Directed by Shelley Hermon. Firefly Pictures, 2012. Bassam and Rami, a Palestinian and Israeli, were once dedicated fighters willing to kill and be killed by one another for the sake of their nations set out on a joint journey to humanize the very enemy, which took the dearest thing from them and prevent the vicious cycle of retaliation in themselves and their societies. Along the way they reveal the friendship and humor that keeps them alive. (Documentary)

Websites

1. Al-Haq http://www.alhaq.org Palestinian human rights organization.

2. Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem http://www.arij.org/index.php/maps- of-palestine. A sustainable development organization with current maps.

3. B'Tselem http://www.btselem.org Israeli human rights organization.

4. Gisha- www.gisha.org Israeli not-for-profit organization, founded in 2005, whose goal is to protect the freedom of movement of Palestinians, especially Gaza residents.

5. Haaretz www.haaretz.com the English language version of the left wing Israeli newspaper that features regular contributions by excellent journalists.

6. Hamoked- Center for Defense of the Individual http://www.hamoked.org/home.aspx Israeli human rights organization whose main objective is to assist Palestinians of the Occupied Territories whose rights are violated due to Israel's policies.

7. Jerusalem Post www.jpost.com a more right of centre newspaper.

8. Middle East Education and Research Information Project http://www.merip.org Wide variety of materials.

9. Machsom Watch - http://www.machsomwatch.org/en/ movement of Israeli women, peace activists from all sectors of Israeli society, who oppose the Israeli occupation and the denial of Palestinians' rights to move freely in

12 their land.

10. Jewish Daily Forward www.forward.com The Forward is a legendary name in American journalism and a revered institution in American Jewish life.

11. Rabbis for Human Rights www.rhr.org.il/eng/ only rabbinic organization in Israel specifically dedicated to and the Occupied Territories.

12. Spiegel Online http://www.spiegel.de/international/ The English version of the German site is an excellent source of news, analysis and interviews regarding the Middle East.

13. The Association for Civil Rights in Israel http://www.acri.org.il/en/

14. Israel’s oldest and largest human rights organization and the only one dealing with the entire spectrum of rights and civil liberties issues in Israel and the Occupied Territories.

15. The Parents Circle www.theparentscircle.com Bereaved Israeli and Palestinians seeking reconciliation, peace and tolerance.

16. T’ruah www.truah.org American Jewish human rights organization made up of clergy and lay people.

17. Yesh Din http://www.yesh-din.org Israeli volunteer organization working to defend the human rights of the Palestinian civilian population under Israeli occupation.

18. Ynet www.ynetnews.com The English language version of Yedioth Ahronoth, one of the oldest surviving Hebrew language dailies. Open to a wide range of political views.

Articles

Ben-Joseph Hirsch, Michal. ―From Taboo to the Negotiable: The Israeli New Historians and the Changing Representation of the Palestinian Refugee Problem.‖ Perspectives on Politics, 5 no. 2 (2007): 241-258.

This article states that beginning with the negotiations that took place in Taba in 2001, for the first time Israeli negotiators considered acknowledging the return of some Palestinian refugees. The author argues that this is a direct result of the ―Israeli New Historians,‖ sometimes referred to as revisionist historians.

13 Diab, Hansaa, Sagy, Shifra, and Steinberg, Shoshana. ―The impact of the political context on discourse characteristics in Jewish-Arab encounters in Israel: between peace talks and violent events.‖ Intercultural Education 17, no. 4 (2006): 341-358. Researchers applying the social, political and historical contexts of intergroup relations, present an analysis of two workshops between Jewish and Arab-Israeli students. The first took place immediately following the Oslo peace talks (1996- 1997) and the second during the al‐ Aksa Intifada (2001–2002).

Gal, Orit and Peters, Joel. ―Israel, UNRWA and the Palestinian Refugee Issue.‖ Refugee Survey Quarterly 28, nos. 2-3 (2010): 588-606. The right of return of Palestinian refugees has been viewed by Israel as the most threatening of final status issues. This article discusses the evolution of Israeli thinking over the past two decades.

McMahon, S.F. ―The Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions campaign: Contradictions and challenges.‖ Race and Class, 55 no. 4 (2014): 65-81. An analysis of the BDS campaign, pointing out some often overlooked points such as the fact that many of those advocating BDS are ―agnostic‖ on the one state/two state paradigm. While it is important to note the author‘s bias (he refers to Israel as ―the Zionist project‖), he makes some interesting points.

Meron, Ya‘akov. ―Why Jews Fled the Arab Countries.‖ Middle East Quarterly September (1995): 47-55. Meron produces convincing information that even in the days leading up to the UN vote on partition, several Arab countries were threatening "grave disorders," "massacre," "riots," and "war between two races" and eventually expulsion.

Navon, Emmanuel. ―From Kippur to Oslo: Israel's Foreign Policy, 1973-1993.‖ Israel Affairs 10, no.1 (Spring 2004): 1-40. This article argues that the Oslo process began in 1973 on the heels of the Yom Kippur war, as Israel was compelled to shed idealistic values for the sake of Realpolitik in the face of a growing hostile international response.

Nisan, Mordechai. ―In Defense of a Jewish State.‖ Israel Affairs 19, no. 2 (2013): 259- 272. An article defending the concept of Jewish nationality in the face of the ongoing de-legitimization campaigns being waged against Israel with accusations of racism as well as increasing calls for Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS).

Steinberg, Gerald. ―The Centrality of NGOs in Promoting Anti-Israel Boycotts.‖ Jewish Political Studies Review 21 no. 1/2 (2009): 7-31. Steinberg demonstrates the ways NGOs have advanced an anti-Israel agenda by promoting BDS and using language such as ―collective punishment,‖ war crimes‖ and ―massacre‖ to advance their political agenda.

―Us and Them,‖ Economist, August 2-8, 2014

14 This article, written while the war in Gaza was at its peak, explores the increasing rift between Israel and the rest of the world, the possible repercussions for Israel globally, and the debate that has arisen amongst Israelis and Jews in the diaspora on how to respond.

Winter, Bronwyn. ―Walking the Middle of the Peace Road? The Emergence of JCall in France.‖ Modern & Contemporary France, 22 no. 1 (2014): 7-27. An examination of JCall, a primarily French movement somewhat similar to the American J Street, which opposes the Occupation, supports a two state solution, but opposes the BDS movement and which has emerged as a serious political voice.

Inclusive Language The United Centre for Theological Studies encourages the use of inclusive language for human beings and God in both classroom discussions and in academic writing. Inclusive language is that which does not discriminate based on characteristics of gender, sexual orientation, age, race, ethnicity, disability, religion, or minority. Students are expected to take seriously the underlying theological and pastoral issues related to inclusive language. Further explanation of the significance of this aspect in communication can be found in The Canadian Style: A Guide to Writing and Editing (available at UofW e-books) and The United Church‘s inclusive guidelines, which affirm the use of a variety of human and other metaphors, images and pronouns for God in church documents, worship and liturgy. (or, you can add your own resources here if you wish).

Academic Policies Students must familiarize themselves with the University of Winnipeg‘s policies on appeals and academic misconduct such as plagiarism or cheating (UCTC Calendar available at http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/index/theology-index

Withdrawal A student who is considering withdrawing from the course is requested to speak with the instructor and check the last date to withdraw without academic penalty in the calendar or by contacting the Graduate Studies – Student Services office at (204) 786- 9466. To withdraw from a course students must notify the Graduate Studies – Student Services office in person (form available), in writing or by facsimile as a signature is required.

Accessibility Services and Resource Centre Information about services and academic accommodations for disabilities is available on-line at http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/accessibility-services/ . All information about disability is confidential.

Security and Community Ambassador Services The phone number for UW security guards is 6666 on campus and 786-6666 off campus. In emergencies, police, fire, and ambulance services can be reached by dialling

15 8-911 on campus. During the Fall and Winter there are Safe Walk and Safe Ride programs. Both can be contacted by phoning 9272 on campus and will escort faculty, staff, and students to their cars. More information and a personal safety brochure are available at www.uwinnipeg.ca/index/security-index. The UW Security & Community Ambassador Services seeks to guarantee the safety of students, faculty, staff, visitors and other users of University of Winnipeg facilities, while preserving a philosophy of unhindered community access. (This section could be adapted for specific schools.)

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