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EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE PACK Freedom EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE PACK Freedom Quilombo Land Title Struggle In Brazil COUNTRY -BRAZIL CONTENTS RELEASED SEPTEMBER 2015 COUNTRY: BRAZIL FILM DUratiON: 8:15 YOUTUBE: youtube.com/watch?v=evVzfNhSFLw WEbpaGE : ifnotusthenwho.me/film/quilombo-land-title- struggle-brazil/ AvaiLABLE IN 4 LANGUAGES The Film Context & Current Situation • Synopsis • History of the Quilombola • Screenplay & Sequencing • Quilombola Land Rights • Presentation of Protagonists & Principal Speakers • 6-Step Process of Land Titling • The Filmmakers • Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) • Filming Intention & Context • Community Mapping Theme • Sustainable Agriculture In Quilombola Territory • Keywords Preparing for Discussion • Country Concerned For Further Information • Key Figures About Brazil 1 Quilombo: Freedom THE FILM SYNOPSIS Brazil’s African slave descendants, the Quilombola, Sustainable Agriculture have fought a long and hard struggle for recognition. 00:05:51 to 00:06:21 After the abolition of the slave trade they were left In the Atlantic forests of Quilombo Ivaporunduva abandoned and ostracised, devoid of rights and outside they produce organic bananas using sustainable of Brazilian mainstream society. But things are slowly agricultural methods. Within the community there is changing amongst rural communities. In the 1988 a great knowledge of the forests, from which they can constitution Brazil’s Quilombola were granted access gather many products without destroying nature. to land rights and since then they have been actively building a way to secure land titles on the sites where Using Education in the Struggle for Collective Identity many have lived for generations. Community mapping and for Territory is an important tool in this process, as well as increasing 00:06:22 to 00:07:53 awareness amongst the Brazilian population through Education of the Brazilian population about the education and ecotourism. ‘Freedom’ looks at two history of the Quilombola and Quilombos, especially Quilombola communities, one with no land title and through tourism with schools and students, is moving one benefitting from legal recognition, and examines the story forward. The struggle for identity is also the the disparities between them. struggle for equality. However, the Quilombola require land titles for the proper protection and affirmation of their rights, which thousands of communities have SCREENPLAY & SEQUENCING still not received. History of Resistance and the Struggle for Recognition PROTAGONISTS & PRINCIPAL SPEAKERS 00:00:00 to 00:03:16 Quilombos are rural Afro-Brazilian communities, • Benedito Alves da Silva, President, Association descendants of those escaping and resisting slavery. Ivaporunduva. Benedito Alves da Silva was born They are still subject to much discrimination even on 11 February 1945, in the Quilombo community though their rights to their lands are enshrined by of Ivaporunduva in Eldorado, Sao Paulo. He has the Brazilian 1988 Constitution. They have been here campaigned tirelessly throughout his life to help for many generations and are demanding recognition improve the lives of Quilombola peoples and to through land titles to their territories. Without land bring about change in terms of social inequality titles there is no security against industries such as throughout Brazil. He has led the community mining, paper production and large scale agriculture through identifying its land rights and now that are competing for land. supports a flourishing community led business which supports eco-tourism and small scale Community Mapping as a Political Instrument sustainable farming practices. 00:03:17 to 00:05:50 • Sandra Maria da Silva The communities are receiving counter mapping • Raimundo Adão de Souza training from the New Social Cartography Project • Ivanildo Carmo de Souza, President of Association, of the Amazon to produce maps of their territory, a Cachoeira Porteira. Ivanildo is the widely respected political instrument for recognition, which they can community leader and has been fighting for many use in legal proceedings, in defense of their territorial years to get the community’s territory recognised rights and to secure land titles. by the state to ensure a more stable future. 2 3 THE FILMMAKERS • Alfredo Wagner Berno de Almeida, Coordinator, Producer: Tim Lewis; Nova Cartografia Social da Amazônia. Director: Paul Redman Anthropologist, lecturer and leader of the New Social Cartography unit at Manaus University, Paul Redman is an award winning documentary Amazonia. Alfredo has been practicing community filmmaker whose films have covered issues including mapping techniques with increasing success the trade in tiger parts, whale and dolphin trade, illegal through the New Social Cartography unit. logging and the ivory trade. He has worked extensively The process is based upon community self- in hazardous environments, using both open and empowerment whereby the anthropologists and covert filming techniques, and has trained activists cartographers train communities to map their media-based campaigning techniques in Indonesia, own territories providing them with the path to Papua, India and Tanzania. In 2006 he founded the control their own autonomy and the ability to production company Handcrafted Films with Tim lobby politically for the recognition of their land Lewis, which has produced a number of award- rights and acquisition of land titles. winning films for major development funders (UK • Maria Adão da Costa DFID, European Forestry Institute, Ford Foundation, • Manoel Valdir Vieira dos Santos CLUA) and non-governmental organisations (Amnesty, • Vandir Rodrigues da Silva [Not In Credits] WSPA, EIA, Eco Storm). Paul is currently Project Director for ‘If Not Us Then Who?’, an on-going series of films about forest peoples and their battle to protect their lives, their cultures and our forests. Working as a producer, sound recordist, video editor, photographer and writer, Tim Lewis has produced documentary films for international charities and government agencies, as well as broadcast and corporate pieces. His work has taken him to many difficult, challenging and diverse locations. Filming indigenous communities in the rainforests of Indonesia, Brazil, Central America and Africa; interviewing refugees on the Thai-Burma border, survivors in the debris of Tacloban in the Philippines, following civil rights campaigners through war torn Liberia and the Congo, climbing volcanoes and glaciers in Iceland or filming in the cockpit of Concorde. He is a co-director of Handcrafted Films Ltd and Producer for ‘If Not Us Then Who?’. FILMING INTENTION & CONTEXT The Quilombola hold a unique place within Brazilian society. Also their struggle for recognition of rights to the land is as fierce and challenging as it has been for the indigenous population within Brazil. The Quilombola also hold a powerful understanding of plants and their medicinal values, which even the indigenous population recognise as being more expert than their own. 4 5 THEME COUNTRY CONCERNED Quilombola refers to a resident of a quilombo and Brazil descendant of former Afro Brazilian slaves. Quilombagem refers to the rebel social change movement driven by slaves throughout the national territory, having the quilombos as its centre of organisation. It harnessed insurrectionary and guerrilla tactics to continually and significantly undermine the slave system and be a provocative movement for social change. KEY FIGURES 1. More than 2600 quilombos have been certified as of March 2016, yet only 217 (2014) have land titles. 2. There are 1533 land title applications currently open, moving through INCRA’s slow and bureaucratic land titling process. 3. There is no definitive figure for the number of quilombos in Brazil because there has been no accurate national survey and each government agency provide different estimates. CONAQ (Coordenação Nacional Das Comunidades Quilombolas/National Coordination of Quilombola Communities) estimates around 5,000 while the government refers to 3,000 quilombo communities. KEYWORDS 4. Brazil has the 2n​ d​ largest population in the world of people of African descent, after Nigeria. Quilombo; Quilombola; Instituto Socioambiental (ISA); Quilombagem; Maroon slavery; slave trade; abolition 5. 4 million African slaves were brought to Brazil Communities; Brazil; Afro- of slavery; Fundación Cultural during the Atlantic slave trade. Brazilian; Cachoeira Porteira; Palmares; Palmares Cultural Ivaporunduva; Ribeira Valley; Foundation; Instituto Nacional de land rights; land titles; land Colonização e Reforma Agrária; ownership; land tenure; National Institute for Colonization community mapping; participatory and Agrarian Reform. mapping; collaborative mapping; decolonising knowledge; Quilombo refers to a community of Brazilian 1988 Constitution; people of African origin, originally Citizen’s Constitution; Article 68; made up of largely escaped banana production; community slaves living in remote areas to knowledge; sustainable agriculture; avoid discovery by the colonial collective identity; Nova authorities and former owners. Cartografia Social da Amazônia; 6 7 ABOUT BRAZIL AGRICULTURE Brazil is the world’s largest producer of coffee and second largest of beef1 and soya2. Its other most significant products are wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa and citrus. Agriculture accounts for more than 5% of the Brazilian economy3 and was the only part of the Brazilian economy to grow during 2015, due mainly to soybean crops, which grew 11.9% and corn production
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