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Making (With) the Korsakow System 159 Given to Supporting Software It Deems to Be Outmoded

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Making (With) the Korsakow System 159 Given to Supporting Software It Deems to Be Outmoded - --- --------------- -- -------------~--- Makin g (with) the Korsakow System 155 2. The push, among certain 'traditional' media producers, to explore alternative platforms and audiences, for example, the National Film 10 Board of Canada's (NFB) highly successful interactive film unit and Making (with) the Korsakow the production of online content by ARTE(the European television network). System 3. New sources of funding and exhibition (IDFA DocLab; Tribeca Film lnstitute's New Media Fund). Database Documentaries as Articulation 4. The establishment of faster computer networks for distributing and and Assemblage delivering higher quality video content, at least in regions and coun­ tries with relatively advanced economies and IT infrastructures. Matt Soar 5. The wide availability of more powerful, easy-to-use computers for creating and viewing work, and more reliable handling of complex media content. 6. The emergence and rapid expansion of an online 'read-write' culture Introduction (Lessig 2008). 7. The rising costs of 'traditional ' or 'cinematic ' (Burdick et al. 2012) 3W Doc, Djehouti, Klynt, Korsakow, Storyplanet, Zeega. These are just documentary filmmaking versus the relatively low cost of documen­ some of the tools, many of them free and open source, currently avail­ tary projects conceived for the web.3 At least one filmmaker has told able for creating non-linear and /or interactive narratives for and/or on me that she began making web docs not because of the attractiveness the web. Each has been used to create web-based documentaries. All of the medium but because she couldn 't find the funding to pursue claim to be easy to use, with drag-and-drop interfaces, and no program­ her 'regular' cinematic practice. ming required. This expanding range of accessible 'new media' author­ ing tools 1 falls into a category Manovich has termed 'media software': One additional change, as we continually struggle to find the most 'programs that are used to create and interact with media objects and productive terms and definitions to describe these changes, is that we're environments' (2013, p. 38). witnessing the emergence of a range of new practices and media forms. My own stake in these developments must be stated at the outset: And, as media historians often remind us, it will only be the surviving as well as being a scholar of media and culture, an intermedia artist, platforms, modes and genres that serve to define, in retrospect , this designer and filmmaker, I am co-developer of one of these tools. The sustained moment of radical uncertainty , as we still find ourselves, Korsakow System is an open-source application , originally launched in after a full decade of experimentation , 'at the pressure points between 2000 for the authoring of database narratives: primarily documentaries. theory and practice, storytelling and database structures, the language For the past five years I have been intimately involved in the develop­ of cinema and video and the interactive potential of new digital media' ment of this software- everything from the user interface to the user (Kinder 2003a, p. 96). (I'll say more in a moment about the fact that, community - alongside its original inventor, Berlin-based filmmaker given the radical instability of web-based media productions, 'survival' Florian Thalhofer (Serrano 2012). Between us we make up two-thirds in this context refers both to the tools and the works created with of the core development team; the other member is our long-time pro­ them.) grammer, David Reisch. As the number of software tools (and the media works produced Other indicators of rapid change, aside from new software applica­ with them) continue to expand rapidly, it is important to identify the tions and the neologism s2 they engender, include: kinds of films each one produces . As Kat Cizek, the NFB's filmmaker in residence, put it recently, 'Theatrical documentary film tells a specific 1. The current promise of HTMLSas a viable (free, open-source) alterna­ kind of story really well, which is usually a major, life-changing event, tive to the longstanding dominance of Adobe Flash. often in one character 's life, like an incredible cinematic journey. But 154 - 156 New DocurnentaryEcologies Making (with) the KorsakowSystem 157 those aren't the only documentary stories to be told. I think what the Tower, have been created by whole teams of creative and technical staff web offers is an opportunity to examine and understand very small, (at the commercial studio Upian and the NFB, respectively). This is a everyday details of our lives' (in Hutter 2012; see also Luers, 2013; key difference between 'off-the-shelf' authoring tools and tailor-made Miles 2013). This is the kind of storytelling Florian Thalhofer has been solutions: the latter remain proprietary and are the domain of highly pursuing in his own filmmaking practice since his production Kleine skilled technologist-creators at the so-called 'bleeding edge' of new Welt [Small World] in 1997 - three years before he released Korsakow media development (other examples are Manovich and Kratky's Soft (Uricchio 2012; see also Thalhofer and Soar 2010 for further details). Cinema software and Jonathan Harris' The Whale Hunt). The former are Inevitably, then, this chapter is coloured by: my experiences teaching only now becoming commonplace, as my opening list of media soft­ Korsakow in my classes at Concordia University, and via invited work­ ware programs suggests. shops in other departments, at colleges, universities and even the local Choosing a software platform for any kind of project is, as much as Apple Store;, using the software (my database diary film Ceci N'est Pas anything else, an exercise in playing the odds: quite apart from cost, Embres (2012)); and promotions at venues such as Visible Evidence (Sao reliability, documentation and support. What if one or more factors Paulo, Los Angeles, New York), the Open Video Conference (New York, (the programming language, the platform, the operating system, the 2011) and HASTAC(York University, Toronto, 2013). My goal will not plugins, the versioning) prove to be relatively short-lived? Part of the be to compare Korsakow to the other tools I've mentioned, rather, attraction of open-source is the sense that works produced with such I will attempt a candid account of Korsakow itself including: a critical applications will last longer. This category of software, often housed reflection on this emergent medium; the experience of designing and in shared, publicly accessible repositories such as GitHub, is designed refining the software and making films with it; lessons learned from with modification in mind, including the possibility of updates-for­ the community of makers using Korsakow; a representative sampling accessibility beyond the active life of the enterprise that spawned it. of the films produced using Korsakow; and an attempt to theorise the (I'll go so far as to predict a new and lucrative line of work, assuming conceptual process of creating a database documentary. it doesn't exist already: software salvage and the skilled 'resurrection' of 'new media' works.) Thalhofer and I: Hardware and software histories All said, however, as the archivists remind us, the digital future is dark indeed (Brand 1999), or at the very least radically unstable. A vivid, Recently I had a long telephone conversation with a filmmaker and recent example is the back catalogue of the profoundly important educator who wanted to discuss Korsakow's potential as a storytelling Labyrinth Project, directed since 1997 by Marsha Kinder at the University tool for his students at an Aboriginal high school in Western Canada. It of Southern California. Their early interactive narrative works were pro­ became clear during our conversation that this person was technically duced on CD-ROM- almost everything else is on DVD-ROM- a perfectly adept, so it didn't surprise me that, as he came to understand what sound decision, perhaps the only viable one given the inadequacies of it does and how it works, he said something like: 'Why would I use the web at that time for delivering video content to large audiences. Korsakow when I can program something like that myself?' My answer However, when I acquired some representative works from their oeuvre was that he didn't need to use it, and that perhaps he wasn't really our a few years ago, the titles on CD-ROM could not be played on my then­ primary audience, since Korsakow is not built for gifted technologists, current laptop. Further, the laptop I use for my writing doesn't have a but for filmmakers. Indeed, by design, it doesn't require any program­ disk drive of any kind. ming knowledge. We might call it 'second-wave software': the kind of With this cautionary tale in mind, we should really wonder how graphical-user interface (GUI) based media software or authoring appli­ much longer the current flood of web-based documentaries will be cation that Isn't predicated on a high level of technical expertise, but functional and viewable. To whit: anything built with the proprietary 4 is not (in John Maeda's sense) necessarily limiting in terms of creative Adobe Flash application (Gaza/Sderot Prison Valley; Out My Window; The expression. Whale Hunt) already has a very large question mark hanging over it, This anecdote serves as a reminder that some of the most distin­ since accessing and exploring these films in the future will depend on guished current productions, for example, Prison Valley or One Millionth the continued investment of Adobe, a corporate software developer not 158 New DocumentaryEcolo gies Making (with) the Korsakow System 159 given to supporting software it deems to be outmoded. Further, these work'. For Luers, 'the narration of the database is through the inter­ films are inaccessible on some mobile devices such as iPads (this is a face; its design, entry points , absences, spatial complexity and simul­ crucial point, given recent estimates indicating total sales of the iPad at taneity' (Luers 2013, p.
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