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Ministry of Minerals Ed El Fursan Banded Iron

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Ministry of Minerals Ed El Fursan Banded Iron MINISTRY OF MINERALS GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AUTHORITY OF THE SUDAN ED EL FURSAN BANDED IRON FORMATION (BIF), ITS RELATION WITH KASS MASSIVE SULPHIDES, AND THE REGIONAL HYDROTHERMAL BUDGET, SOUTH DARFUR STATE, SUDAN. BY: NASRELDIN WADELNOUR YOUSIF EL SAMMANI ELSHEIKH ABDEL RAHMAN MOHMED ABDEL BAGI ELFADIL MOUSTAFA AWAD MOHMED AHMED Nov.2010 1 ED EL FURSAN BANDED IRON FORMATION (BIF), ITS RELATION WITH KASS MASSIVE SULPHIDES, AND THE REGIONAL HYDROTHERMAL BUDGET, SOUTH DARFUR STATE, SUDAN. Mohmed Ali, NW., El Sammani, Y., Abdel Rahman, EM., Abdel Bagi, M, El Faki, EM. GRAS, P.O.BOX, 410 Khartoum, Sudan. Abstract The paper discusses an origin of a variety of Banded iron formation (BIF) which mainly defined as Algoma and Lake Superior types. This one here at Ed El Fursan, at south Darfur state differs from the above mentioned categories in nature. This BIF is from geological and chemical stand points is hydrothermal, and emplaced episodically in quartzites, the host rocks. The area is generally characterized by high grade metamorphism of probably Proterozoic age. The mineralization perhaps intruded during green schist facies as favorable conditions and suffered amphibolite degree of metamorphism with the rest of the succession. Other discussed metallogeny is the Leona sulphides that are very rich in lead and associated silver (90% Pb, 2500ppm Ag) which generally considered as precious ore. The hydrothermal budget and comparison revealed that the BIF and probably SEDEX massive sulphides are probably formed from the same magma and its successive hydrothermal solutions in multiple phases that characterize the metallogeny of the area along definite structural lineaments. The comparison also between the sulphides of south Darfur and those of north Kordofan refer to the same magma chamber and its evolutionary hydrothermal phases which may hint to its immense size and impact in the two large regions. The artisanal gold is probably one of the mineral paragenesis of these processes. Finally, the magma evolution state, despite the large time span between lower Proterozoic (gneissic cratonic terrane, current study) and upper Proterozoic (Pan African, some parts of Haya terrane), similarity is preserved in mineralizations genetic model as a result of multiple phase of hydrothermalism. The process is highly controlled by metamorphism, deformation, initial conditions, and mechanism of repetition. The process might started early since Archaean wherever encountered. 2 1. INTRODUCTION This report has been accomplished in the occasion of the visit of south Darfur state and its capital Nyala city. It is an attempt to reopen GRAS office for the increasing demand first to provide regional governments with financial resources through fees of exploitation of building material. Moreover to handle the augmenting role of the new structure of GRAS as a ministry of minerals contribution in the general economy of the state through the other minerals mining leases for the immense mineral resources exists in the area. During the mission there were discoveries in the process. First Ed El Fursan Banded Iron Formation (BIF). The second is the Kass massive sulphides at Leona village. The first has been compared with the other BIF ore deposits regionally and internationally. It is found that its characterized by very particular geological features beside its common characteristics with the other BIF else where. It is characterized by intrusive nature in a sedimentary host with multiphase emplacement patterns. In this concern, the problem of the host rock is going to be discussed. Massive sulphides were discovered at Um Leona village about 15 km from Kass city to the direction of Nyala city. The ore extend discontinuously with the particularly significant properties for long distance. The first is that the ore is very rich in Pb and in turn Ag as its usually used to be hosted in galena. Similar to this ore is the one found at Abu Zaema NW Sodari, north Kordofan province a comparison will discussed based on chemical and geological grounds. This has both economic and geological significances, as this ore contains the values of precious metals mentioned above. The gold artisanal work is mainly focused on these mineralizations paragenesis and their associated quartz veins. The geological is that the ore paragenesis successfully revealed the nature of metallogeny in the region (Mohmed Ali et al. 2010 a, B, and C) after through correlations. The same thing could be mentioned about the nature of metallogeny in South Darfur Province. The mineralizations relations of Hofrat En Nahas, Mazroub has been discussed before (Abdel Rahman et al. 2006, Mohmed Ali et al 2010) in tectonic and chemical properties respectively. The final result is that the metallogeny question would be answered in the area of north Kordofan and south Darfur or the two regions in general. Besides, these mineralizations are very rich in base and precious metals that would efficiently contribute to the economies of these areas. The problem of BIF could be discussed in the framework of hydrothermal activities cast both regions as the geological evaluation so far succeeded to do so. That by it self could be considered as a case study contribution in the dissection of the enigmatic and wider dispute about BIF genesis and characteristics. Other problem is that the quartzite and the associated remobilisate quartz veins that are suspected 3 to be auriferous are crushed and used as a construction material aggregate by construction companies for a decade, the thing that can bear irreversible damage for these nonrenewable resources. Such a problem has been discussed with other ore bodies in other locations. It is high time to issue a hazard about this problem, especially with the new current ministry structure. 1.1. LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY The bodies in question, the Ed El Fursan, other used names, Ed El Kheil and Ed El Haraz, precisely located at coordinates N 11º 47' 09"- E 24º 26' 27", 59km southwest Nyala (Table 1. Fig.A). Accessibility from Khartoum is little difficult with mission convoy vehicles, as the area is very far and remote. Nowadays, GRAS reopened office in Nyala so as to coordinate as much as possible with the local government to cover most of the geological activities including mining. It is most practical to prepare for field mission from the terminal office at Nyala. Other wise Railway line is active to Khartoum and this also considered as an option whenever there is insistence to use available resources. Airway aviation services are also available in regular basis. 1.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY There are many studies carried out in the area and the neighbouring (North Kordofan Province), this study aimed to correlate geological, structural, metallogeny, and feasibility aspects of the area (south Darfur state) in order to properly evaluate the economic potentiality of the area. Recently, the area witnessed many activities (North Kordofan Province) of most importance is the artisanal mining as the recently established Ministry of Minerals planned to coup with the great explosion of artisanal mining that exposed over a sudden at all the regions of the country. The ministry every day has to encounter developments and repercussions of the processes either in a positive or negative impact. The areas under evaluation in adjacent north Kordofan province include the Mazroub, Tinna quartz veins, comparison between Tinna (quartz veins) and Mazroub (sulphides) mineralizations similarities. Another study includes quartz veins discovered more to the west around Sodari (Al Firga), others are samples collected from Abu Zaema massive sulphides. The purpose of this report is to continue this trend of studies more to the west to the neighbouring south Darfur province. The research prospect precisely includes sulphides that are discovered at Leona village and extend for long distance as a belt. From geological point of view these sulphides are similar to those discovered at Abu Zaema. Similarities imply general petrology, metamorphism and chemical affinities as its going to be discussed. The dominance of galena as the main mineral ore 90% concentration, this huge Pb concentration contains around 4000ppm Ag. This by itself is a fortune and mineral wealth that deserve proper 4 evaluation. Another discovered commodity is the Banded Iron Formation (BIF). It was found 60km southwest to Nyala city. This kind of iron contains magnetite which is a very important industrial mineral. This iron is probably of hydrothermal origin as its going to be discussed in controversy with the generally known BIF. Other main similar mineralizations in the area are Kutum lead zinc at the north and Hofrat En Nehas few hundreds of Kilometers form Ed El Fursan area where the BIF iron was discovered. The correlation of hydrothermal budget between the two regions might lead to strong similarities. Based on that the metallogeny of north Kordofan and at least north and south Darfur states should be treated as extensions or one geological unit or Metallogenic Province. 2. GEOLOGY 2. 1. GENERAL GEOLOGY In the literature there are two types of BIF ore deposits: 1. Algoma type BIF, which is composed of finely layered intercalation of silica and iron, generally hematite and/or magnetite bearing but the individual layers lack continuity. 2. Lake Superior type BIF usually deposited in shallow waters, continental shelves or ancient sedimentary basins. Algoma type is of a much wider time span. BIF is generally defined as a chemical precipitate of sedimentary rocks, or have more than 15% sedimentary iron. Some of them are arguably belong to Archaean supracrustal rocks, generally range about 1.1-2.3 Ga. Klein (2005) made a comparative study in their types all around the world, including their age, geological setting, mineralogy, metamorphism, geochemistry, and origins. Their host rocks are of various types; shales, cherts, and quartzites. Some bands are iron rich whereas others are poor, some are 600-800 m.a. old, actually in a long time span during the Precambrian.
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