DISTRICT is an administrative district of state in Southern . It is bounded by district on the Northeast, Tiruchirapalli district on the North, district on South East, district on South West and District on the West.

Pudukkottai

Tiruchirappalli District

District

Madurai District

Virudhunagar Ramanathapuram

District District Demographics According to the 2011 census, Sivagangai district had a population of 1,339,101 with a sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 137,235 were under the age of six, constituting 70,022 males and 67,213 females. On the other hand, there is a total of 620,171 workers, comprising 117,030 cultivators, 122,166 main agricultural labourers, 9,864 in house hold industries, 212,042 other workers, 159,069 marginal workers, 23,973 marginal cultivators, 77,397 marginal agricultural labourers, 4,792 marginal workers in household industries and 52,907 other marginal workers. Administration Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu spreads over 4,189 km2. The geographical position of Sivaganga district is between 9° 43' and 10° 2' north latitude and between 77° 47' and 78° 49' east longitude. It is bounded on the north and northeast by , on the southeast and south by , on the southwest by , and on the west by , and on the northwest by District. Sivaganga district is having administrative divisions of 6 taluks, 12 blocks, 521 villages.

Google Map of SivagangaDistrict

District Map of Sivaganaga District

Basin and sub-basin The district is part of Capecomerin to Cauvery Basin and parts of Kottakaraiyar, Tirumanimuttar, Vaigai and Pambar sub basins. Drainage The district is drained by Kottakaraiyar, Tirumanimuttar, Vaigai and Pambar and all these rivers are ephemeral in nature. In the major part of the district the drainage pattern is sub-dentritic and dentritic and at places, the drainage pattern is controlled by geological structures also. Irrigation Practices The nine-fold lands use classification for the district is given below (2005-06).

RAINFALL AND CLIMATE The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from about 861.8 mm. to about 988.6 mm. The normal south west monsoon rainfall varies from 275.8 to 401.1 mm while during NE monsoon the normal seasonal rainfall varies from 382.5 to 442.8 mm. A perusal of the rainfall pattern shows that in general the rainfall increases towards east.The district enjoys a tropical climate. The period from April to June is generally hot and dry. The weather is pleasant during the period from November to January. Usually mornings are more humid than afternoons. The relative humidity varies between 65 and 85% in the mornings while in the afternoon it varies between 40 and 70%. Geomorphology Differing resistances of the geological formation has given rise to various land forms, viz., structural hills, residual hills and pediment terrains in the district.The eastern and southern part of the district is characterized by flood plain.The structural hills are occurring north west of Sivaganga in ,while pediment terrain in Tiruppuvanam and Tiruppathur. Deep buried pediments occur NW of Tiruppuvanam and Tiruppathur in Sivaganga and taluks. Flood plains are found along and alluvial plain in , Sivaganga and Manamadurai Taluks.

Soils The major soil types in the district are 1. Red soil, 2. Lateritic Soil, 3. Alluvial Soil and 4. Black Cotton soil. Red soils are prevalent in Devakottai,Tiruppathur and Sivagangai taluks, while Lateritic soil is found in and Devakottai taluks. Alluvial soil along the river courses and Black Soil in Illayangudi, Manamadurai and Tiruppathur Taluks. Groundwater Development In view of the low level of ground water development in the major part of the district, there is still scope for further groundwater development in the district.The variation in occurrence of fresh water zones and absence of specific aquifers make it necessary to exercise caution while designing tube wells for development of available ground water resources at depth.