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The Changing Role of Forestry in Europe: Perspectives for Rural Development

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The Changing Role of Forestry in Europe: Perspectives for Rural Development Nature Forest in society The changing role of forestry in Europe: perspectives for rural development K.F. Wiersum and B.H.M.Elands Proceedings 2002-02 Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group The changing role of forestry in Europe: perspectives for rural development K.F. WIERSUM B.H.M. ELANDS (EDITORS) 'Nature Forest in Society' is the online discussion paper series of the Forest and Nature Conservation Policy (FNP) Group at Wageningen University. This issue is dedicated to the proceedings of the International Policy Research Symposium ‘The changing role of forestry in Europe, between urbanisation and rural development ’ which was held in Wageningen in November 2001. This symposium was co-organised by the FNP group in co-operation with several other Dutch and international research groups. This report focuses specifically on the presentations on initial results of the EU/FAIR funded research project ‘Multifunctional forestry as a means to rural development’ (Multifor.RD) which is co-ordinated by the FNP group. By publishing these proceedings in the FNP discussion paper series, it is hoped that interested persons can have easy (electronic) access into the ongoing Multifor.RD research activities and that this will stimulate interest in and discussions on the methods and approaches as well as results of this project. For more information on the Multifor.RD project see http://www.dow.wau.nl/multifor or contact the editors of this volume directly. More information and an overview of FNP publications can be found at: http://www.dow.wau.nl/fnp/ ISSN: 1569-1314 Copyright: Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group Wageningen University Wageningen, the Netherlands 2002 EU/FAIR Multifor.RD Table of contents Foreword Part 1 European results 1. The integrated Multifor.RD research approach 1 K. Freerk Wiersum and Birgit H.M. Elands 2. The myth of forests: a reflection on the variety of rural identies in Europe and the role of forests in it 25 Birgit H.M. Elands and Tomás N. O’Leary 3. Anyone for more forests? Current perspectives and future expectations on afforestation and forest functions across Europe 51 Tomás N. O’Leary and Birgit H.M. Elands Part 2 Country results 4. Social relationships to forests as an indication of present issues regarding rural areas; content analysis of in-depth interviews carried out in the Monts d’Arrée area, France 75 Sophie Le Floch and Philippe Deuffic 5. Lifestyles of private forest owners as an indication of social change 81 Ulrich Schraml, Svantje Ziegenspeck and Ulf Härdter 6. Urban forest owners in Austria; implications for rural development 95 Eva Kvarda 7. Forest and afforestation in the neighbourhood; attractiveness and value of local areas in Denmark 103 Søren Præ stholm, Frank Søndergaard Jensen, Berit Hasler, Camilla Damgaard and Emil Erichsen 8. Local people’s attitudes and policy implications on forestry and rural development in two rural areas in Greece 119 Kostas Kassioumis, Kostas Papageorgiou, Nikolaos Stamou, Athanasios Christodoulou, Vaios Blioumis and Athanasios Karameris 9. The paradox of Mediterranean forests; between economic profitability and social demands. The Catalan case 133 Glòria Dominguez í Torres and Eduard Plana Bach 10. Forest privatisation, public perceptions and attitudes to forestry and rural development in a country in transition 147 Laszlo Jager and András Szepesi 11. Forest and rural development in France; major policy issues 157 Daniel Terrasson and Sophie le Floch Part 3 Discussion 12. Comments on the Multifor.RD research project 163 Bill Slee 13. Finnish external advisors’ comments on the Multifor.RD research project 167 Ashley Selby and Heimo Karpinnen 14. Forum discussion 171 Appendix Symposium programme Foreword Forests are praised by people in rural areas? Forests are highly valued by European citizens. While in the past they were mainly appreciated for their productive potential and contribution to employment and income generation, at present they are increasingly valued for their amenity, environmental and nature values. Also their role in creating a sense of place is prominent. Because of their multifunctional character, during recent years the potential role of forestry in rural development is gaining political cloud. However, rural development is a multi-facetted process and its interpretation depends on location-specific conditions. Consequently, although the role of forestry for rural development is acknowledged, still quite different opinions on the precise role of forests in the future of the countryside may exist. EU/FAIR research project: Multifor.RD In order to gain a better understanding of the nature and distribution of opinions on the exact role of forestry in the context of rural development, in February 1999 a EU/FAIR funded research project on ‘Multifunctional forestry as a means to rural development, establishing criteria for region-specific strategies for balancing public demands and forest owners’ objectives’ (Multifor.RD) was started. Its aim was to assess how the dynamics in ruralisation and urbanisation impact on the role of forestry for rural development. These dynamics induce two major trends of thinking regarding the role of forestry. At the one hand forestry is considered to contribute to economic vitality and liveability in rural areas by providing production and income earning opportunities. At the other hand forestry should contribute towards the restructuring of rural areas by enhancing nature and recreation values as requested by an urbanising society. In order to assess how such perspectives are distributed over different types of rural areas ranging from remote areas to rural areas subject to peri-urbanisation a series of comparative case-studies were carried out in nine European countries, i.e. Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands and Spain. Symposium The changing role of forestry in Europe; between urbanisation and rural development The preliminary results of this research project were presented at an International Policy Research Symposium on ‘The changing role of forestry in Europe; between urbanisation and rural development’ which was held in Wageningen the Netherlands, from November 11-14, 2001. The objective of this symposium was to provide innovative perspectives on the role of forestry within the context of changing rural conditions and increasing urbanisation, and of how these new developments affect the design and conditions of forest management. The symposium was organised by the Wageningen University and Research Centre in co-operation with the Multifor.RD project as well as the EU/COST Action E12 Urban Forests and Trees. The symposium was held under auspices of the IUFRO Division 6 on Social, Economic, Information and Policy Sciences. The symposium offered not only an excellent opportunity to present the preliminary research results with fellow scientists, but also to discuss the policy implications of the study with forest policy makers. Proceedings Multifor.RD session The symposium consisted of three components, i.e. plenary sessions, parallel sessions on specific research subjects, and excursions. The input of the Multifor.RD programme consisted of a general presentation on the European level results at the plenary session, and of the organisation of a specific Multifor.RD parallel session. During this session various presentations on the European level and country specific results were given. Also a forum discussion on the scientific merits and policy implications of the research findings was held. In these proceedings the different Multifor.RD activities during the symposium are included. The results of the other symposium activities are reported in separate proceedings. Freerk Wiersum and Birgit Elands Multifor.RD Project Co-ordinators Acknowledgement This publication is the result of a study that has been carried out with the financial support from the Commission of the European Communities, Agriculture and Fisheries (FAIR) RTD programme, project CT98-4223 on “Multifunctional forestry as a means to rural development". The content of this report is the sole responsibility of its publishers(s)/organisers and in no way represents the views of the Commission or its services or their future policy in this area. Part 1 European results The integrated Multifor.RD research approach K. Freerk Wiersum and Birgit H.M. Elands Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, P.O. Box 342, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands, Tel: +31 317 478016, E-mail: [email protected] & [email protected] Abstract The EU/FAIR funded research project ‘Multifor.RD’ aimed at making a comparative European study about the nature and dynamics of landowners’ and inhabitants’ attitudes towards forests and forestry, and at developing criteria for distinguishing regional-specific strategies for multifunctional forestry to serve rural development. The study consisted of a series of comparative case studies in nine European countries; in each country the study focused on two case study areas. A common research methodology was developed consisting of five research phases: (i) a descriptive characterisation of the selected case study areas, (ii) a qualitative survey to assess the nature and variety of perspectives on the role of forestry in rural development, (iii) a follow-up quantitative survey to assess the distribution of these perspectives within the various rural areas and different categories of local people, (iv)
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