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Bioregion – Channel Country

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Bioregion – Channel Country Channel Country bioregion Description Figure 2 Monitoring sites and pastoral tenure Area: 306 194 km2 The Channel Country bioregion is characterised by vast braided, flood and alluvial plains surrounded by NT QLD gravel or gibber plains, dunefields and low ranges. Vegetation is predominantly Mitchell grass, gidgee and spinifex. Major population centres are Birdsville, Windorah and Innaminka. SA Location The Channel Country bioregion is located on the Queensland, New South Wales (NSW), South Australia bioregion boundary (SA) and Northern Territory (NT) borders (67% of pastoral tenure SA and NT NSW area in Queensland, 17% in SA, 8% in the NT and NT Tier 1 monitoring site 8% in NSW). Figures 1 and 2 show the location of SA monitoring site the Channel Country bioregion, as well as monitoring QLD RMDC sites and pastoral tenure. Figure 1 Location of the Channel Data sources available Country bioregion Data sourcesMoni include:toring sites and pastoral tenure n NT Tier 1, which provides moderate reliability for reporting change, with a relatively large number of sites and uniform distribution, estimated (rather than quantitative) data, and a focus on perennial herbage species n NSW Rangeland Assessment Program (RAP), although it only includes three sites, which is not sufficient for reliable reporting n SA Pastoral Monitoring, which has low reliability (based on a small number of reassessed quantitative sites) n Queensland: Rapid Mobile Data Collection (RMDC) supported by AussieGRASS simulation Location of Channel Country bioregion (of pasture growth and utilisation) and remote Channel Country bioregion 1 sensing (using the Multiple Regression Bare Ground Note that regional averaging of rainfall conceals spatial Index, version bi1) — both of these provide variability. Some parts of the Channel Country bioregion moderate reliability (RMDC — road traverses and probably experienced better seasonal quality and visual estimates; AussieGRASS — entire rangelands, others worse during the 1992–2005 period. simulated results with some ground validation) n domestic stocking density, which provides Landscape function moderate reliability n fire extent, intensity and frequency, which Northern Territory provides high reliability Tier 1, index based on composition (by biomass) n dust and cover of perennial herbage species n distance from water Insufficient sites were assessed following above- and n distribution and relative abundance of invasive below-average seasonal quality to report change reliably. animals and weeds New South Wales and n land use South Australia n land values. Insufficient sites were assessed to report change reliably. Climate Queensland The climate of the Channel Country bioregion is arid with very dry, hot summers and short, dry winters. RMDC, change in visually assessed vegetation and soil Rainfall is unpredictable. Spatially averaged median attributes contributing to landscape function score (1890–2005) rainfall is 168 mm (April to March Over the reporting period, there was a significant rainfall year; see Figure 3). However, extensive flooding loss of function for the Bulloo, Bulloo Dunefields, produces considerable (to phenomenal) pasture Goneaway Tablelands, Lake Pure, Noccundra Slopes, growth, often in the absence of appreciable rainfall. Tibooburra Downs and Toko Plains sub-Interim Figure 3 Decile rainfall for the period Biogeographic Regionalisations for Australia (IBRA). 1991–1992 to 2004–2005 There was also some loss of function for the Cooper Plains and Sturts Stony Desert sub-IBRAs. The 10 9 Diamantina Eyre sub-IBRA was stable. 8 7 6 median 5 Sustainable management 4 3 Rainfall decile 2 Critical stock forage 1 0 1991-92 1993-94 1995-96 1997-98 1999-00 2001-02 2003-04 Northern Territory Rainfall year Tier 1, composition (by biomass) of palatable Annual rainfall is for the 12‑month period 1 April perennial (2P) herbage species to 31 March. No sites showed a decline when seasonal quality was Decile rainfall was variable for the first half of the above average. It is not possible to report change reporting period, with the period 1998–1999 to following below-average seasonal quality. 2001–2002 being wetter (improved seasonal quality). The years 2002–2003 and 2004–2005 were particularly dry. 2 Rangelands 2008 — Taking the Pulse Percentage of reassessed Change in woody cover sites showing: There are no data for the NT or SA. Decline: Increase: > 20% > 20% Queensland decrease increase Seasonal Number in 2P No in 2P quality of sites grasses change grasses Statewide Land and Trees Study (SLATS) reporting Above At sub-IBRA resolution, there were nil to very small average 24 0% 92% 8% changes in SLATS-derived levels of woody cover Average 27 22% 70% 7% between 1991 and 2003. Woody cover varied between Below 1.14% in the Sturt Stony Desert and 23.09% in the average 5 n/a n/a n/a Goneaway Tablelands (2003 data). Cumulative clearing between 1991 and 2003 was maximum in the New South Wales and South Australia Goneaway Tablelands (0.21% of sub-IBRA area; There were insufficient sites to report change reliably. elsewhere, cumulative clearing was ≤ 0.02% of sub- IBRA area). There is high reliability for reporting change. Queensland New South Wales Levels of simulated pasture utilisation and change were measured for 1976–1990 and compared with those SLATS‑type reporting from 1991–2005, using the AussieGRASS simulation. Based on analysis of satellite data using Queensland All sub-IBRAs with data for reporting had simulated SLATS methods, there was no detected change in levels of space- and time-averaged pasture utilisation woody vegetation between 2004 and 2006. Woody well above the safe level of use. The Noccundra vegetation is defined as woody communities with 20% Slopes, Tibooburra Downs and Bulloo Dunefields crown cover or more (eg woodlands, open forests sub-IBRAs had greater than 35% utilisation — much and closed forests) and taller than about two metres. higher than the safe level. Three sub-IBRAs had greater At this stage, it is not possible to report change for than 5% increase in utilisation (in absolute terms) earlier years of the 1992–2005 period using this method. between 1976–1990 and 1991–2005 (Noccundra Slopes, Lake Pure and Sturt Stony Desert). A further Distance from stock water three sub-IBRAs (Bulloo Dunefields, Cooper Plains The percentage of sub-IBRA area within three and Tibooburra Downs) had more modest increases kilometres of permanent and semipermanent sources in utilisation (1–4%). of stock water is summarised in the following table. The levels of high utilisation reflect low pasture Note that for SA and the NT, the locations of stock growth for much of the post-1991 period, and waterpoints were sourced from jurisdictional mapping utilisation levels are such that there is likely to of lease infrastructure, and watered area is reported be detrimental effects on animal production and as the percentage of pastoral tenure within each landscape function. sub-IBRA. NSW and Queensland data were obtained from Geoscience Australia’s GEODATA TOPO 250K Note: this section does not report on the Bulloo, vector product (Series 3, June 2006), and watered area Diamantina Eyre and Toko Plains sub-IBRAs. is the percentage of sub-IBRA area. The bracketed figures in the SA and NT columns report the Plant species richness percentage area of each sub-IBRA analysed in that There are no suitable data for reporting change jurisdiction (total sub-IBRA area was analysed for NSW in plant species richness. and Queensland). Note that mapping differences between the jurisdictional data (SA and NT) and the Geoscience Australia product mean that the percentage watered areas reported by each data type are not directly comparable. Channel Country bioregion 3 % sub-IBRA area within Weeds 3 km of water Weeds known to occur in the Channel Country New South South Queens- Northern bioregion include: Sub-IBRA Australia Wales land Territory Common name Scientific name Toko Plains 52.0 Athel pine Tamarix aphylla (CHC1) 14.3 (92.7) Mesquite Prosopis spp. Sturt Stony 23.5 Desert (CHC2) (99.1) 16.2 Noogoora burr Xanthium occidentale Goneaway Parkinsonia Parkinsonia aculeata Tablelands Parthenium weed Parthenium hysterophorus (CHC3) 25.6 Prickly acacia Acacia nilotica subsp. Diamantina– 41.2 indica Eyre (CHC4) (93.5) 8.4 Rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora Cooper Plains Silver leaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium (CHC5) 13.9 Coongie 26.0 See www.anra.gov.au for distribution maps (CHC6) (99.6) Lake Pure 30.5 (CHC7) (98.9) 19.1 Components of total Noccundra grazing pressure Slopes (CHC8) 20.0 Tibooburra Downs (CHC9) 50.4 Domestic stocking density Core Ranges Domestic stocking density data report for the grazed (CHC10) 54.2 area of the whole bioregion. Most (91%) of the Bulloo (CHC11) 17.0 Channel Country bioregion is grazed. Data from the Bulloo Dune- Australian Bureau of Statistics showed that domestic fields (CHC12) 39.4 stocking density was slightly above the 1983–1991 Central average (+4%) between 1992 and 1997. Stocking Depression (CHC13) 61.3 density then increased to approximately 10% above the 1983–1991 base between 1998 and 2001. It then CHC = Channel Country; IBRA = Interim Biogeographic declined to 88% of the base in 2003 and increased Regionalisation for Australia to 94% (of the base) in 2004. Although not closely Note that this analysis for NSW, Queensland and related to seasonal quality indicated by decile rainfall the NT does not include the locations of natural above, it is probable that these changes were largely waters (these water supplies are included for SA). related to seasonal conditions. It is important to note Natural waters can provide additional sources of that pasture growth following flooding (resulting from water for stock, particularly following good rains good rains higher in the catchments) contributes elsewhere that flood parts of the Channel Country. significantly to stocking density in this bioregion. Note It is not possible to report change in watered area also that spatial averaging conceals likely variation for any jurisdiction for the 1992–2005 period.
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