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Partnership Webcast Pepper Mild Mottle Virus: a Plant Pathogen With Partnership Webcast Pepper Mild Mottle Virus: A plant pathogen with a greater purpose in microbial water quality analyses! Thursday, May 30, 2019 3pm - 4pm ET (1pm MT/2pm CT) © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this presentation may be copied, reproduced, or otherwise utilized without permission. Housekeeping Items • Submit questions through the question box at any time! We will do a Q&A near the end of the webcast. • Slides and a recording of the webcast will be available at www.waterrf.org. • Send an email to Michelle Suazo at [email protected] for a PDH certificate. • Survey at the end of the webcast. 2 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Input your webinar questions here Q&A at end of webinar 3 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Download presentation Slides and recording will be available to WRF subscribers WITHIN 24 hours after the webcast 4 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Agenda 3:00 – 3:05pm: Welcome, Purpose and Overview of WRF Partnership Webcast 3:05 – 3:10pm: Live Polling 3:10 – 3:40pm: Pepper Mild Mottle Virus: A plant pathogen with a greater purpose in microbial water quality analyses! Dr. Erin M. Symonds, University of South Florida 3:40 – 3:45pm: Progress and Activities on Viral Water Quality Dr. Kyle Bibby, University of Notre Dame 3:45 – 4:00pm: Q & A 4:00 pm: Adjorn 5 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. What does WRF do? Accelerate the adoption of Identify, prioritize and fund new technologies in the water research for the water sector. sector. Convene experts and sector Inform decision-makers on representatives to identify the science of water. and collaborate on priority water research. 6 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Research Research Program Priority Tailored Updates Collaboration Facilitated Research Emerging Opportunities Unsolicited 8 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pepper Mild Mottle Virus: A plant pathogen with a greater purpose in microbial water quality analyses Dr. Erin M. Symonds Postdoctoral Researcher University of South Florida May 30, 2019 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this presentation may be copied, reproduced, or otherwise utilized without permission. Fecal pollution is a global burden • Disease burden > 3 million ‘disability-adjusted life years’ • Economic burden > $USD 12 billion Ralston et al. 2011, Shuval 2003 10 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Many different parasites, bacteria, and viruses are found in wastewater Campylobacter Ascaris Giardia lamblia E.coli 0157:H7 Hepatitis A jejuni Vibrio Cryptosporidium Norovirus Salmonella Rotavirus cholerae Image: Canadian Food Inspection Agency2 11 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Many different parasites, bacteria, and viruses are found in wastewater Campylobacter Ascaris Giardia lamblia E.coli 0157:H7 Hepatitis A jejuni Vibrio Cryptosporidium Norovirus Salmonella Rotavirus cholerae Image: Canadian Food Inspection Agency2 12 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Many different parasites, bacteria, and viruses are found in wastewater Image: Getty Images/3DClinic Campylobacter Ascaris Giardia lamblia E.coli 0157:H7 Hepatitis A jejuni Vibrio Cryptosporidium Norovirus Salmonella Rotavirus cholerae Image: Canadian Food Inspection Agency2 13 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Enteric viruses are responsible for a significant fraction of disease worldwide Image: Getty Images/3DClinic Campylobacter Ascaris Giardia lamblia E.coli 0157:H7 Hepatitis A jejuni Vibrio Cryptosporidium Norovirus Salmonella Rotavirus cholerae Summarized in Lin & Ganesh 2013 Image: Canadian Food Inspection Agency2 14 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Indicators are used to study the fate of enteric pathogens in environmental waters & systems Images: (left) US EPA1 ; (right) EM Symonds 15 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. An ideal indicator should… • Have simple and affordable detection methods • Have a decay and removal rate comparable to that of the pathogen of concern • For use as a fecal pollution indicator, – not be present in environmental waters naturally – be present in polluted waters in concentrations correlated with the amount of fecal pollution 16 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Fecal indicator bacteria are the most commonly used indicators • Affordable & easy methods • Decay & removal rates similar to bacterial pathogens • As fecal pollution Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) indicator, enterococci • Fecal coliforms correlated to illness at • Escherichia coli polluted beaches in temperate latitudes • Enterococci Image: http://resizeandsave.online/dappy-May_2_2.html 17 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Fecal indicator bacteria frequently do not reflect the presence of enteric pathogens • Can give results that are • false-negative because FIB are more susceptible to treatment • false-positive, in presence of secondary sources in the environment Image: http://resizeandsave.online/dappy-May_2_2.html 18 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Fecal indicator bacteria frequently do not reflect the presence of enteric pathogens • Cannot be used to identify the source of fecal pollution in the environment because FIB are excreted by all warm and some cold- blooded animals Image: http://resizeandsave.online/dappy-May_2_2.html 19 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Viral indicators are used to study the fate of enteric viruses in the environment and in systems Summarized in Lin & Ganesh 2013 Image: (left) Naranson3; (right) Wazzzup7up4 20 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Viral indicators are used to study the fate of enteric viruses in the environment and in systems Coliphages are affordable indicators • F-specific RNA • Somatic Summarized in Lin & Ganesh 2013 Image: (left) Naranson3; (right) Wazzzup7up4 21 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reference pathogens are also used as viral indicators Adenovirus Norovirus Polyomavirus Rotavirus Summarized in Lin & Ganesh 2013 Images: RCSB PDB 6,5,8,7 22 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sometimes reference pathogens are in lower concentrations, which make their detection difficult • 102 – 104 per ml in domestic wastewater Adenovirus • Consistently present in domestic wastewater Polyomavirus Lin & Ganesh 2013, Kitajima et al. 2014 Images: RCSB PDB 6,8 23 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sometimes reference pathogens are in lower concentrations, which make their detection difficult • ≤ 103 per ml in domestic wastewater Norovirus • Variable concentrations in domestic wastewater Rotavirus Kitajima et al. 2014, Lin & Ganesh 2013, Symonds et al. 2018 Images: RCSB PDB 5,7 24 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No ideal indicator for enteric viruses exists Adenovirus Norovirus Polyomavirus Rotavirus Summarized in Lin & Ganesh 2013 Images: RCSB PDB 6,5,8,7, Wazzzup7up4 25 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Image: Aimme Blodgett, University of South Florida 26 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. What is the most abundant virus in human feces? - Dr. Mya Breitbart Image: Aimme Blodgett, University of South Florida 27 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pepper Mild Mottle Virus: The most common RNA virus in human feces! Zhang et al. 2006 Image: Anthony Greco, University of South Florida 28 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PMMoV is widespread in agriculture Images: (left) UF/IFAS9, Vecteezy10, Wolfmann11, US EPA1 29 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Up to 100 million PMMoV per ml of processed food products Colson et al. 2010, Zhang et al. 2006 Images: (left) UF/IFAS9, Vecteezy10, Wolfmann11, US EPA1 30 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Up to 1 billion PMMoV per gram of feces I’m still infectious!! Zhang et al. 2006, Summarized in Harwood et al. 2013 Images: (left) UF/IFAS9, Vecteezy10, Wolfmann11, US EPA1 31 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Up to 10 million PMMoV per ml of wastewater ❑ First proposed as fecal pollution indicator by Rosario et al. 2009 • > 106 PMMoV per ml wastewater • 104 – 107 PMMoV per ml effluent Rosario, Symonds, et al. 2009 Images: (left) UF/IFAS9, Vecteezy10, Wolfmann11, US EPA1 32 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PMMoV detected in polluted waters and absent from waters far from pollution ❑ First proposed as fecal pollution indicator by Rosario et al. 2009 • > 106 PMMoV per ml wastewater • 104 – 107 PMMoV per ml effluent • Absent from surface waters without pollution • Detectable for 7 days post introduction to seawater Rosario, Symonds, et al. 2009 Images: (left) UF/IFAS9, Vecteezy10, Wolfmann11, US EPA1 33 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PMMoV is a promising domestic wastewater indicator even though… Rosario, Symonds et al. 2009 Images: UF/IFAS9, USDA12, Sanchezn13, Vecteezy10, Wolfmann11, US EPA1 34 © 2019 The Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Is PMMoV a useful indicator to study the fate of enteric viruses in environmental waters & in systems?
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