J-20 Stealth Fighter: China's First Strike Weapon
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WINTER 2013 - Volume 60, Number 4 the Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A
WINTER 2013 - Volume 60, Number 4 WWW.AFHISTORICALFOUNDATION.ORG The Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A. “Tooey” Spaatz MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS and other air power pioneers, the Air Force Historical All members receive our exciting and informative Foundation (AFHF) is a nonprofi t tax exempt organization. Air Power History Journal, either electronically or It is dedicated to the preservation, perpetuation and on paper, covering: all aspects of aerospace history appropriate publication of the history and traditions of American aviation, with emphasis on the U.S. Air Force, its • Chronicles the great campaigns and predecessor organizations, and the men and women whose the great leaders lives and dreams were devoted to fl ight. The Foundation • Eyewitness accounts and historical articles serves all components of the United States Air Force— Active, Reserve and Air National Guard. • In depth resources to museums and activities, to keep members connected to the latest and AFHF strives to make available to the public and greatest events. today’s government planners and decision makers information that is relevant and informative about Preserve the legacy, stay connected: all aspects of air and space power. By doing so, the • Membership helps preserve the legacy of current Foundation hopes to assure the nation profi ts from past and future US air force personnel. experiences as it helps keep the U.S. Air Force the most modern and effective military force in the world. • Provides reliable and accurate accounts of historical events. The Foundation’s four primary activities include a quarterly journal Air Power History, a book program, a • Establish connections between generations. -
Eurofighter World Editorial 2016 • Eurofighter World 3
PROGRAMME NEWS & FEATURES DECEMBER 2016 GROSSETO EXCLUSIVE BALTIC AIR POLICING A CHANGING AIR FORCE FIT FOR THE FUTURE 2 2016 • EUROFIGHTER WORLD EDITORIAL 2016 • EUROFIGHTER WORLD 3 CONTENTS EUROFIGHTER WORLD PROGRAMME NEWS & FEATURES DECEMBER 2016 05 Editorial 24 Baltic policing role 42 Dardo 03 Welcome from Volker Paltzo, Germany took over NATO’s Journalist David Cenciotti was lucky enough to CEO of Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH. Baltic Air Policing (BAP) mis - get a back seat ride during an Italian Air Force sion in September with five training mission. Read his eye-opening first hand Eurofighters from the Tactical account of what life onboard the Eurofighter Title: Eurofighter Typoon with 06 At the heart of the mix Air Wing 74 in Neuburg, Typhoon is really like. P3E weapons fit. With the UK RAF evolving to meet new demands we speak to Bavaria deployed to Estonia. Typhoon Force Commander Air Commodore Ian Duguid about the Picture: Jamie Hunter changing shape of the Air Force and what it means for Typhoon. 26 Meet Sina Hinteregger By day Austrian Sina Hinteregger is an aircraft mechanic working on Typhoon, outside work she is one of the country’s best Eurofighter World is published by triathletes. We spoke to her Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH about her twin passions. 46 Power base PR & Communications Am Söldnermoos 17, 85399 Hallbergmoos Find out how Eurofighter Typhoon wowed the Tel: +49 (0) 811-80 1587 crowds at AIRPOWER16, Austria’s biggest Air [email protected] 12 Master of QRA Show. Editorial Team Discover why Eurofighter Typhoon’s outstanding performance and 28 Flying visit: GROSSETO Theodor Benien ability make it the perfect aircraft for Quick Reaction Alert. -
Why China Has Not Caught Up
Why China Has Not Caught Up Yet Why China Has Not Andrea Gilli and Caught Up Yet Mauro Gilli Military-Technological Superiority and the Limits of Imitation, Reverse Engineering, and Cyber Espionage Can adversaries of the United States easily imitate its most advanced weapon systems and thus erode its military-technological superiority? Do reverse engineering, industrial espi- onage, and, in particular, cyber espionage facilitate and accelerate this process? China’s decades-long economic boom, military modernization program, mas- sive reliance on cyber espionage, and assertive foreign policy have made these questions increasingly salient. Yet, almost everything known about this topic draws from the past. As we explain in this article, the conclusions that the ex- isting literature has reached by studying prior eras have no applicability to the current day. Scholarship in international relations theory generally assumes that ris- ing states beneªt from the “advantage of backwardness,” as described by Andrea Gilli is a senior researcher at the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Defense College in Rome, Italy. Mauro Gilli is a senior researcher at the Center for Security Studies at the Swiss Federal Insti- tute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. The authors are listed in alphabetical order to reºect their equal contributions to this article. The views expressed in the article are those of the authors and do not represent the views of NATO, the NATO Defense College, or any other institution with which the authors are or have been -
Approaches to Representing Aircraft Fuel Efficiency Performance for the Purpose of a Commercial Aircraft Certification Standard
APPROACHES TO REPRESENTING AIRCRAFT FUEL EFFICIENCY PERFORMANCE FOR THE PURPOSE OF A COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION STANDARD Brian M. Yutko and R. John Hansman This report is based on the Masters Thesis of Brian M. Yutko submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Report No. ICAT-2011-05 May 2011 MIT International Center for Air Transportation (ICAT) Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 USA [Page Intentionally Left Blank] -2- Approaches to Representing Aircraft Fuel Efficiency Performance for the Purpose of a Commercial Aircraft Certification Standard by Brian M. Yutko Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics on May 19, 2011 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics Abstract Increasing concern over the potential harmful effects of green house gas emissions from various sources has motivated the consideration of an aircraft certification standard as one way to reduce aircraft CO2 emissions and mitigate aviation impacts on the climate. In order to develop a commercial aircraft certification standard, a fuel efficiency performance metric and the condition at which it is evaluated must be determined. The fuel efficiency metric form of interest to this research is fuel/range, where fuel and range can either be evaluated over the course of a reference mission or at a single, instantaneous point. A mission-based metric encompasses all phases of flight and is robust to changes in technology; however, definition of the reference mission requires many assumptions and is cumbersome for both manufacturers and regulators. -
Some Supersonic Aerodynamics
Some Supersonic Aerodynamics W.H. Mason Configuration Aerodynamics Class Grumman Tribody Concept – from 1978 Company Calendar The Key Topics • Brief history of serious supersonic airplanes – There aren’t many! • The Challenge – L/D, CD0 trends, the sonic boom • Linear theory as a starting point: – Volumetric Drag – Drag Due to Lift • The ac shift and cg control • The Oblique Wing • Aero/Propulsion integration • Some nonlinear aero considerations • The SST development work • Brief review of computational methods • Possible future developments Are “Supersonic Fighters” Really Supersonic? • If your car’s speedometer goes to 120 mph, do you actually go that fast? • The official F-14A supersonic missions (max Mach 2.4) – CAP (Combat Air Patrol) • 150 miles subsonic cruise to station • Loiter • Accel, M = 0.7 to 1.35, then dash 25nm – 4 ½ minutes and 50nm total • Then, head home or to a tanker – DLI (Deck Launch Intercept) • Energy climb to 35K ft., M = 1.5 (4 minutes) • 6 minutes at 1.5 (out 125-130nm) • 2 minutes combat (slows down fast) After 12 minutes, must head home or to a tanker Very few real supersonic airplanes • 1956: the B-58 (L/Dmax = 4.5) – In 1962: Mach 2 for 30 minutes • 1962: the A-12 (SR-71 in ’64) (L/Dmax = 6.6) – 1st supersonic flight, May 4, 1962 – 1st flight to exceed Mach 3, July 20, 1963 • 1964: the XB-70 (L/Dmax = 7.2) – In 1966: flew Mach 3 for 33 minutes • 1968: the TU-144 – 1st flight: Dec. 31, 1968 • 1969: the Concorde (L/Dmax = 7.4) – 1st flight, March 2, 1969 • 1990: the YF-22 and YF-23 (supercruisers) – YF-22: 1st flt. -
Global Defense Procurement and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter by Bert Chapman (Review)
Global Defense Procurement and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter by Bert Chapman (review) Steven J. Childs Journal of Advanced Military Studies, Volume 11, Number 1, 2020, pp. 242-245 (Review) Published by Marine Corps University Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/796228/summary [ Access provided at 24 Sep 2021 09:31 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Journal of Advanced Military Studies Global Defense Procurement and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. By Bert Chapman. Basel, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. Pp. 396. $99.99 (hardcover); $79.99 (ebook). The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) is among the most controversial U.S. defense procurement programs in Pentagon history. Originally envisioned as the more affordable “lo” to the “hi” of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, the system reflects the culmination of the Department of Defense’s culture of “jointness,” but in procurement rather than operations. From the program’s onset, it has been an ambitious endeavor to replace four at- tack and fighter aircraft models used by the Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps with a single airframe, and with variants designed to operate from convention- al runways, aircraft carriers, and helicopter carriers or forward locations using short takeoff and vertical landing capability. As a fifth-generation fighter, this stealth airframe features internal weapons carriage and incorporates advances in fusing information through its sensor suite. On top of it all, the program relies heavily on international cooperation in the production process through a tiered partner arrangement. -
10. Supersonic Aerodynamics
Grumman Tribody Concept featured on the 1978 company calendar. The basis for this idea will be explained below. 10. Supersonic Aerodynamics 10.1 Introduction There have actually only been a few truly supersonic airplanes. This means airplanes that can cruise supersonically. Before the F-22, classic “supersonic” fighters used brute force (afterburners) and had extremely limited duration. As an example, consider the two defined supersonic missions for the F-14A: F-14A Supersonic Missions CAP (Combat Air Patrol) • 150 miles subsonic cruise to station • Loiter • Accel, M = 0.7 to 1.35, then dash 25 nm - 4 1/2 minutes and 50 nm total • Then, must head home, or to a tanker! DLI (Deck Launch Intercept) • Energy climb to 35K ft, M = 1.5 (4 minutes) • 6 minutes at M = 1.5 (out 125-130 nm) • 2 minutes Combat (slows down fast) After 12 minutes, must head home or to a tanker. In this chapter we will explain the key supersonic aerodynamics issues facing the configuration aerodynamicist. We will start by reviewing the most significant airplanes that had substantial sustained supersonic capability. We will then examine the key physical underpinnings of supersonic gas dynamics and their implications for configuration design. Examples are presented showing applications of modern CFD and the application of MDO. We will see that developing a practical supersonic airplane is extremely demanding and requires careful integration of the various contributing technologies. Finally we discuss contemporary efforts to develop new supersonic airplanes. 10.2 Supersonic “Cruise” Airplanes The supersonic capability described above is typical of most of the so-called supersonic fighters, and obviously the supersonic performance is limited. -
HELP from ABOVE Air Force Close Air
HELP FROM ABOVE Air Force Close Air Support of the Army 1946–1973 John Schlight AIR FORCE HISTORY AND MUSEUMS PROGRAM Washington, D. C. 2003 i Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schlight, John. Help from above : Air Force close air support of the Army 1946-1973 / John Schlight. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Close air support--History--20th century. 2. United States. Air Force--History--20th century. 3. United States. Army--Aviation--History--20th century. I. Title. UG703.S35 2003 358.4'142--dc22 2003020365 ii Foreword The issue of close air support by the United States Air Force in sup- port of, primarily, the United States Army has been fractious for years. Air commanders have clashed continually with ground leaders over the proper use of aircraft in the support of ground operations. This is perhaps not surprising given the very different outlooks of the two services on what constitutes prop- er air support. Often this has turned into a competition between the two serv- ices for resources to execute and control close air support operations. Although such differences extend well back to the initial use of the airplane as a military weapon, in this book the author looks at the period 1946- 1973, a period in which technological advances in the form of jet aircraft, weapons, communications, and other electronic equipment played significant roles. Doctrine, too, evolved and this very important subject is discussed in detail. Close air support remains a critical mission today and the lessons of yesterday should not be ignored. This book makes a notable contribution in seeing that it is not ignored. -
The Power for Flight: NASA's Contributions To
The Power Power The forFlight NASA’s Contributions to Aircraft Propulsion for for Flight Jeremy R. Kinney ThePower for NASA’s Contributions to Aircraft Propulsion Flight Jeremy R. Kinney Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kinney, Jeremy R., author. Title: The power for flight : NASA’s contributions to aircraft propulsion / Jeremy R. Kinney. Description: Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017027182 (print) | LCCN 2017028761 (ebook) | ISBN 9781626830387 (Epub) | ISBN 9781626830370 (hardcover) ) | ISBN 9781626830394 (softcover) Subjects: LCSH: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration– Research–History. | Airplanes–Jet propulsion–Research–United States– History. | Airplanes–Motors–Research–United States–History. Classification: LCC TL521.312 (ebook) | LCC TL521.312 .K47 2017 (print) | DDC 629.134/35072073–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017027182 Copyright © 2017 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the United States Government or of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication is available as a free download at http://www.nasa.gov/ebooks National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC Table of Contents Dedication v Acknowledgments vi Foreword vii Chapter 1: The NACA and Aircraft Propulsion, 1915–1958.................................1 Chapter 2: NASA Gets to Work, 1958–1975 ..................................................... 49 Chapter 3: The Shift Toward Commercial Aviation, 1966–1975 ...................... 73 Chapter 4: The Quest for Propulsive Efficiency, 1976–1989 ......................... 103 Chapter 5: Propulsion Control Enters the Computer Era, 1976–1998 ........... 139 Chapter 6: Transiting to a New Century, 1990–2008 .................................... -
The Origins of Mad: a Short History of City-Busting
CHAPTER 1 THE ORIGINS OF MAD: A SHORT HISTORY OF CITY-BUSTING Richard R. Muller INTRODUCTION The 20th century was the age of total war, and nothing symbolized that dreadful era more than the bombardment of civilian populations from the air. From its halting beginnings in the First World War, in which 1,141 Britons lost their lives, strategic bombing evolved into the mass air raids of the Second World War, in which some 52,000 British, 330,000 Japanese, and anywhere from 300,000 to 1,000,000 German civilians perished. Nations poured scarce blood and treasure into the development and manning of vast bomber fl eets capable of carrying the war directly to enemy economic and population centers in the hope that this investment would prove decisive in modern warfare.1 The underlying rationale for strategic air warfare predates the reality of manned powered fl ight. Before the arrival of the machine age, wars were fought primarily between the armed forces of the belligerents. The 19th century Prussian military theorist Carl von Clausewitz noted that, while the “center of gravity . the hub of all power and movement” of an enemy state was normally its army, it could also be the capital, a key ally, or even public opinion.2 National power, therefore, could not be measured solely in terms of traditional military capability. Political will, economic productivity, transportation, commerce, and communications became increasingly important factors in struggles between the great powers. The advent of the commercial, fi nancial, and industrial revolutions brought with it the rise of the modern urban center, in which many of these elements were concentrated. -
System Requirements Review
AAE 451, SENIOR DESIGN SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS REVIEW TEAM 3: GOLDJET DIANE BARNEY DONALD BARRETT MICHAEL COFFEY JON COUGHLIN MARK GLOVER KEVIN LINCOLN ANDREW MIZENER JARED SCHEID ERIC SMITH Team GoldJet 1 System Requirements Review Table of Contents I. Mission Statement 2 II. Outline of NASA Competition 2 III. Key Assumptions 2 IV. Quality Function Deployment 3 V. Market Research 6 VI. Competitors 11 VII. City Pairs and Key Routes 12 VIII. Design Mission 16 IX. Economic Mission 19 X. Aircraft Sizing 20 XI. Summary and Next Steps 24 XII. References 27 Team GoldJet 2 System Requirements Review I. Mission Statement To design a profitable supersonic aircraft capable of Trans-Pacific travel to meet the needs of airlines and their passengers around the world. II. Outline of NASA Competition The NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate’s (ARMD) 2008-2009 University Competition calls for the design of an N+2 generation supersonic aircraft which would have initial operational capability (IOC) in 2020. More specific goals for the aircraft as outlined by the competition guidelines include: Cruise speed of Mach 1.6 to 1.8 Design Range of 4000 nautical miles Payload of 35-70 passengers, mixed class Fuel Efficiency of 3 passenger-miles per pound of fuel Takeoff field length < 10,000 feet for airport compatibility Supersonic cruise efficiency Low sonic boom (<70 PldB) In addition, entries to the competition are to identify the possible market for a small supersonic airliner, develop design and economic missions for the aircraft (including likely routes), identify technologies that might enable the aircraft design, and complete a conceptual sizing. -
Milestonesofmannedflight World
' J/ILESTONES of JfANNED i^LIGHT With a short dash down the runway, the machine lifted into the air and was flying. It was only a flight of twelve seconds, and it was an uncertain, waiy. creeping sort offlight at best: but it was a realflight at last and not a glide. ORV1U.E VPRK.HT A DIRECT RESULT OF OnUle Wright's intrepid 12- second A flight on Kill Devil Hill in 1903. mankind, in the space of just nine decades, has developed the means to leave the boundaries of Earth, visit space and return. As a matter of routine, even- )ear millions of business people and tourists travel to the furthest -^ reaches of our planet within a matter of hours - some at twice the speed of sound. The progress has, quite simpl) . been astonishing. Having discovered the means of controlled flight in a powered, heavier-than-air machine, other uses than those of transpon were inevitable and research into the militan- potential of manned flight began almost immediatel>-. The subsequent effect of aviation on warfare has been nothing shon of revolutionary', and in most of the years since 1903 the leading technological innovations have resulted from militan- research programs. In Milestones of Manned Flight, aviation expen Mike .Spick has selected the -iO-plus events, both civil and militan-, which he considers to mark the most significant points of aviation histon-. Each one is illustrated, and where there have been significant related developments from that particular milestone, then these are featured too. From the intrepid and pioneering Wright brothers to the high-technology' gurus developing the F-22 Advanced Tactical Fighter, the histon' of manned flight is.