DOCSLIB.ORG

Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfuric Acid Over Activated Carbon Catalyst Produced from Wood

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfuric Acid Over Activated Carbon Catalyst Produced from Wood 392 Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 46, (6), 392－395 (2003) [Research Note] Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfuric Acid over Activated Carbon Catalyst Produced from Wood Naonobu KATADA†1)*, Yusuke II†1), Munekazu NAKAMURA†2), and Miki NIWA†1) †1) Dept. of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, JAPAN †2) Faculty of Education and Regional Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8551, JAPAN (Received June 9, 2003) Sulfur dioxide can be removed from exhaust gases by oxidation to sulfuric acid over an activated carbon cata- lyst in the presence of water. A manufacturing method for activated carbon was developed based on the steam- ing of wood at relatively low temperature. The catalytic activity of the activated carbon produced from wood for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide was compared with those of commercially available activated carbons. The car- bon produced from wood showed high activity, but it was lower than that of a highly developed catalyst such as activated carbon fiber. However, the potential utilization of waste wood as an environmental catalyst was clear- ly demonstrated. Keywords Sulfur dioxide, Catalytic oxidation, Activated carbon catalyst, Waste wood, Sulfuric acid 1. Introduction was attempted5)～8). Recent studies of several catalysts such as activated carbon fiber9) and fluorocarbon-treat- Sulfur dioxide formed by the oxidation of sulfur ed carbon3) have found quite high performance. compounds in petroleum or coal burned as fuels causes Production of activated carbon from wood has acid rain. Several methods for the removal of sulfur recently become important for the utilization of waste compounds from the fuels or exhaust gases are utilized. wood10),11). Conventionally, the production of activat- Oxidation and neutralization of sulfur dioxide in the ed carbon from wood has been carried out using a presence of oxygen, water vapor and calcium oxide reagent such as zinc chloride or water vapor at quite powder into calcium sulfate (gypsum) has been utilized high temperatures such as 1473 K12). The present for a boiler using heavy oil1). authors previously developed a method to produce acti- SO2 + 0.5O2 + CaO CaSO4 (1) vated carbon with high surface area by the water vapor However, the use of gypsum has been limited in recent treatment of wood at a moderate temperature such as years. Therefore, in civilized countries, gypsum 1073 K13). Here we report the catalytic activity of the formed by this process is treated as an industrial waste. activated carbon for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide is oxidized into sulfuric acid over an activated carbon catalyst in the presence of water2). 2. Experimental SO2 + 0.5O2 + H2O H2SO4 (2) Therefore, the latter catalytic reaction has recently Table 1 shows a list of activated carbons used in drawn attention, because the formed sulfuric acid can this study. The sample YS-1 was prepared according be utilized for industrial processes, so the harmful to our previous patent13). Chips of sugi wood waste, sulfur dioxide, can be recycled as a useful (Japanese cedar, ca. 5 cm in length) were continuously resource, sulfuric acid3). fed into a stainless steel reactor with 543 cm2 cross sec- The study on the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide tional area at 5 kg･h−1.A gaseous mixture of water has a long history. The relationship between the sur- vapor and nitrogen (7.50 mol･h−1 and 3.68 mol･h−1, face composition and catalytic activity was investigated respectively) was also continuously supplied. The to propose a model of active site in early studies4). wood was passed over a heated zone in which the tem- Subsequently improvement of the trickle bed reactor perature was kept at 1073 K for ca. 20 min. In other words, the water vapor treatment of sugi wood was car- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. ried out at 1073 K for ca. 20 min in a nitrogen flow * E-mail: [email protected] containing 67 mol% of water vapor. The samples YS- J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst., Vol. 46, No. 6, 2003 393 Table 1 Activated Carbons Used in This Study BET surface Nomenclature Manufacturer Raw material area [m2･g−1] YS-1 Y.S. Engineering Ltd. Sugi wood (Japanese cedar)a) 659 YS-2 Y.S. Engineering Ltd. Waste wood from scrapped houseb) 677 YS-3 Y.S. Engineering Ltd. Waste wood from scrapped housec) 680 4SA Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd. Coconut shell 958 4GG Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd. Coconut shell 1047 PG-3 Cataler Corp. Coal 1240 G-BAC G-70R Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Pitch from petroleum 1236 JXN Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd. Coconut shell 1144 HG Ajinomoto Fine-Techno Co., Inc. Coconut shell and coal 1143 GX Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Coconut shell 1229 a) 1073 K, H2O:N2 = 0.67 : 0.33 (molar ratio). b) 1123 K, H2O:N2 = 0.67 : 0.33. c) 1123 K, H2O:N2 = 0.82 : 0.18. 2 and 3 were prepared from waste wood at 1123 K for ca. 20 min in a nitrogen flow containing water vapor (67 mol% and 82 mol% for YS-2 and 3, respectively). Other samples were supplied commercially. Surface area was determined from the adsorption capacity of nitrogen at 77 K according to the BET (Brunauer_ Emmett_Teller) equation after evacuation at 373 K. The activated carbon (3.8 g) was placed in a Pyrex tube (30 mm i.d.) and evacuated at 318 K for 1 h. After evacuation, the reactant mixture was directly sup- plied to the catalyst bed, and the adsorption of sulfur dioxide on the carbon surface took several hours to reach saturation. The catalytic activity could then be measured from the consumption of sulfur dioxide4). In order to avoid this long equilibration period, the cat- alyst bed was filled with a 0.5 mol･dm−3 aqueous solu- tion of sulfuric acid to fully adsorb sulfuric acid. The Fig. 1 Conversion of SO2 over Various Activated Carbons in Supplied Form solution was soon exhausted. This pretreatment method was adopted for quick evaluation of catalysts in the previous studies3). After this pretreatment, a mix- mercially available samples showed initial conversions ture of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, oxygen and water of 40 to 80%, and slow degradation of the activity was vapor was fed at rates of 1.9 × 10−4, 1.1 × 10−7, 1.3 × generally observed. The activity was apparently 10−5 and 1.9 × 10−5 mol･s−1, respectively, under atmos- independent of the surface area. The activated car- pheric pressure, corresponding to a space velocity of bons prepared from wood (YS-1, 2 and 3) showed ca. 1200 h−1 and initial concentration of sulfur dioxide higher activities. Especially, the samples prepared of 500 ppm. The reaction was carried out at 318 K from waste wood (YS-2 and 3) showed initial conver- under the trickle bed conditions, i.e., condensed water sions close to 100% under these conditions. and sulfuric acid (reaction product and reagents The apparent rate of this reaction was affected by the remaining after the pretreatment) formed liquid drops morphology of activated carbon generally in a trickle in a gas flow. The remaining sulfur dioxide in the gas bed reactor, because the reaction occurs at the triple flow at the outlet of the reactor was analyzed by an SOx phase interface between the liquid (water and produced meter (Koritsu, KS-300). sulfuric acid), gas (oxygen and sulfur dioxide) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was per- solid (carbon) phases; so the macro porosity of the cat- formed with a Physical Electronics Quanta SXM spec- alyst affected the accessibility of liquid drops and gas trometer with Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV) at 15 kV bubbles to the triple phase interface5)～8). The conver- and 6.36 mA to analyze the surface composition. sion was increased by milling the activated carbon into fine particles (< 0.1 mm) in all cases. Figure 2 shows 3. Results and Discussion that the activated carbons prepared from wood (YS-1, 2 and 3) also showed the highest activity after milling, Figure 1 shows the catalytic activities of various with 100% conversion under the experimental condi- activated carbons as their supplied forms. The com- tions. J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst., Vol. 46, No. 6, 2003 394 Fig. 2 Conversion of SO2 over Various Activated Carbons Milled into Fine Particles (< 0.1 mm) Fig. 3 Relationship between Surface Concentration of Oxygen and Catalytic Activity of Activated Carbon before (○) The activity of carbon for this reaction is affected by and after Milling (▲) the macroporosity5)～8), surface composition4) and hydro- phobic/hydrophilic property3). Elemental analysis of the surface by XPS showed a positive relationship (weight of carbon)/F (total flow rate) ratio9); so the −6 −1 between the oxygen concentration and activity after reaction rate is calculated to be ca. 10 mol-SO2 s ･g- milling, as shown in Fig. 3. This is in agreement C−1. This is the highest activity reported for this reac- with previous findings4), and therefore the high activity tion. Although the reaction temperature was a little of the activated carbon produced from wood can be different, the activity presently observed over the acti- explained by the high oxygen concentration. vated carbon produced from wood was approximately However, the origin of the high oxygen concentration 1/20 of that over the activated carbon fiber. on the carbon produced from wood remains unclear. Therefore, the activity per unit weight was lower than In addition, the observed oxygen may be contained in that reported on a carefully designed catalyst such as impurity metal oxides and functional groups such as carbon fiber.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ruthenium Tetroxide and Perruthenate Chemistry. Recent Advances and Related Transformations Mediated by Other Transition Metal Oxo-Species
    Molecules 2014, 19, 6534-6582; doi:10.3390/molecules19056534 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Ruthenium Tetroxide and Perruthenate Chemistry. Recent Advances and Related Transformations Mediated by Other Transition Metal Oxo-species Vincenzo Piccialli Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ―Federico II‖, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-081-674111; Fax: +39-081-674393 Received: 24 February 2014; in revised form: 14 May 2014 / Accepted: 16 May 2014 / Published: 21 May 2014 Abstract: In the last years ruthenium tetroxide is increasingly being used in organic synthesis. Thanks to the fine tuning of the reaction conditions, including pH control of the medium and the use of a wider range of co-oxidants, this species has proven to be a reagent able to catalyse useful synthetic transformations which are either a valuable alternative to established methods or even, in some cases, the method of choice. Protocols for oxidation of hydrocarbons, oxidative cleavage of C–C double bonds, even stopping the process at the aldehyde stage, oxidative cleavage of terminal and internal alkynes, oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids, dihydroxylation of alkenes, oxidative degradation of phenyl and other heteroaromatic nuclei, oxidative cyclization of dienes, have now reached a good level of improvement and are more and more included into complex synthetic sequences. The perruthenate ion is a ruthenium (VII) oxo-species. Since its introduction in the mid-eighties, tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) has reached a great popularity among organic chemists and it is mostly employed in catalytic amounts in conjunction with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) for the mild oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia to Nitrogen on Cuo-Ceo2 Bimetallic Oxide Catalysts
    Hung, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 150-169, 2006 Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia to Nitrogen on CuO-CeO2 Bimetallic Oxide Catalysts Chang-Mao Hung* Department of Business Administration, Yung-Ta Institute of Technology & Commerce, 316 Chung-shan Road, Linlo, Pingtung 909, Taiwan, R.O.C. Abstract This study addresses the performance of the selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of ammonia to N2 over a CuO-CeO2 bimetallic oxide catalyst in a tubular fixed-bed reactor (TFBR) at temperatures from 423 to 673 K in the presence of oxygen. CuO-CeO2 bimetallic oxide catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation with Cu(NO3)2 and Ce(NO3)3 at various molar concentrations. This study tested operational stability and investigated how the influent NH3 concentration (C0 = 500-1000 ppm) influences the capacity to remove NH3. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, PSA, SEM and EDX. Ammonia was removed by oxidation in the absence of CuO- CeO2 bimetallic oxide catalyst, and the formation of copper (II) and cerium (IV) oxide active sites was confirmed. Additionally, the effects of the NH3 content of the carrier gas on the catalyst’s reaction rate (r) were observed. The results revealed that the extent of catalytic oxidation of ammonia in the presence of a CuO-CeO2 bimetallic oxide catalyst was a function of the molar ratio Cu:Ce in the bimetallic catalyst. The kinetics of catalyzed NH3 oxidation are described using the rate expression of the Eley-Rideal kinetic model. Also, experimental results indicate a reasonable mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
    [Show full text]
  • General and Prospective Views on Oxidation Reactions in Heterogeneous Catalysis
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 13 September 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0225.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Catalysts 2018, 8, 483; doi:10.3390/catal8100483 Review General and Prospective Views on Oxidation Reactions in Heterogeneous Catalysis Sabine Valange 1,* and Jacques C. Védrine2,* 1 Institut de Chimie, des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, ENSI Poitiers, B1, 1 rue Marcel Doré, TSA41105, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France 2 Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR-CNRS 7197, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel.: +33-5-49454048 (S.V.); +33-1-44275560 (J.C.V.) Abstract: In this short review paper we have assembled the main characteristics of partial oxidation reactions (oxidative dehydrogenation and selective oxidation to olefins or oxygenates, as aldehydes and carboxylic acids and nitriles), as well as total oxidation, particularly for depollution, environmental issues and wastewater treatments. Both gas-solid and liquid-solid media have been considered with recent and representative examples within these fields. We have also discussed about their potential and prospective industrial applications. Particular attention has been brought to new raw materials stemming from biomass and to liquid-solid catalysts cases. This review paper also summarizes the progresses made in the use of unconventional activation methods for performing oxidation reactions, highlighting the synergy of these technologies with heterogeneous catalysis. Focus has been centered on usual catalysts activation methods but also on less usual ones, such as the use of ultrasounds, microwaves, grinding (mechanochemistry) and photo-activated processes, as well as their combined use.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 CHAPTER ONE Enantioselective Oxidation Chemistry 1.1 Oxidation
    1 CHAPTER ONE Enantioselective Oxidation Chemistry 1.1 Oxidation in Biological Systems Oxidation is a fundamental process in chemistry and biology. In biological systems, a number of enzymes catalyze a diverse set of oxidative reactions through the use of molecular oxygen. Metalloenzymes that catalyze these aerobic oxidations are divided into two distinct types (Figure 1.1.1). Oxygenases involve the transfer of an oxygen atom from O2 to the substrate, often via a high-valent metal oxo species (1). The reduced metal intermediate (2) is then oxidized by dioxygen back to the active species, mediated by two protons and two electrons. Importantly, one of the oxygen atoms from O2 is incorporated into the oxidized substrate. Oxidases differ in that the metal oxidant (3) catalyzes the dehydrogenation of the substrate, releasing two protons. In this case, there is no oxygen atom transfer to the substrate—molecular oxygen is used simply as a proton and electron acceptor for the catalytic process. The atoms from O2 are released as either water or hydrogen peroxide. Figure 1.1.1 Oxygenase and oxidase metalloenzymes. Oxygenase enzymes: Oxidase enzymes: ox + Sub Sub(O) SubH2 Sub + 2 H O Mn+ M(n+2)+ Mn+ M(n+2)+ 1 2 3 4 O + 2 H+ H2O or 0.5 O2 or O2 H O 2 + 2 + 2 e– H2O2 + 2 H 2 1.2 Oxidation in Chemical Synthesis In chemical synthesis, there have been several developments regarding asymmetric oxidation catalysts that involve heteroatom transfer, i.e., catalysts that mimic the behavior of oxygenase enzymes. Some of the most notable examples are illustrated in Figure 1.2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Selective Oxidation of Ethylene to Ethylene Oxide by Ag Catalysts † ‡ † ‡ † Tiancheng Pu, Huijie Tian, Michael E
    Review Cite This: ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 10727−10750 pubs.acs.org/acscatalysis Overview of Selective Oxidation of Ethylene to Ethylene Oxide by Ag Catalysts † ‡ † ‡ † Tiancheng Pu, Huijie Tian, Michael E. Ford, Srinivas Rangarajan,*, and Israel E. Wachs*, † ‡ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Operando Molecular Spectroscopy & Catalysis Laboratory, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States ABSTRACT: Ethylene oxidation by Ag catalysts has been extensively investigated over the past few decades, but many key fundamental issues about this important catalytic system are still unresolved. This overview of the selective oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide by Ag catalysts critically examines the experimental and theoretical literature of this complex catalytic system: (i) the surface chemistry of silver catalysts (single crystal, α powder/foil, and supported Ag/ -Al2O3), (ii) the role of promoters, (iii) the reaction kinetics, (iv) the reaction mechanism, (v) density functional theory (DFT), and (vi) microkinetic modeling. Only in the past few years have the modern catalysis research tools of in situ/operando spectroscopy and DFT calculations been applied to begin establishing fundamental structure−activity/selectivity relationships. This overview of the ethylene oxidation reaction by Ag catalysts covers what is known and what issues still need to be determined to advance the rational design of this important catalytic system. KEYWORDS: ethylene epoxidation, silver, promoters, catalyst characterization,
    [Show full text]
  • Catalytic Oxidation in Organic Synthesis
    Catalytic Oxidation in Organic Synthesis Preface ............................................................................................................... V Volume Editor’s Preface ................................................................................ IX Abstracts ................................................. XI Table of Contents........................................................................................ XXV 1 Introduction K. Muniz ............................................................................................................. 1 2 General Concepts in Catalytic Oxidation .......................................................... 7 2.1 Photocatalytic Oxidation A. G. Griesbeck, S. Sillner, and M. Kleczka ............................................................ 7 2.2 Catalytic Oxidations with Hypervalent Iodine F. V. Singh and T. Wirth ....................................................................................... 29 2.3 Water as an Oxygen Source for Oxidation Reactions P. Garrido-Barros, I. Funes-Ardoiz, P. Farräs, C. Gimbert-Surinach, F. Maseras, and A. Llobet ....................................................................................................... 63 2.4 Dehydrogenation Y. Kayaki and T. Ikariya ........................................................................................ 81 2.5 Biomimetic Oxidation in Organic Synthesis L Vicens, M. Borrell, and M. Costas .................................................................. 113 3 Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation of
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Recent Advances of the Catalytic Selective Oxidation of Ethane to Oxygenates
    catalysts Review An Overview of Recent Advances of the Catalytic Selective Oxidation of Ethane to Oxygenates Robert D. Armstrong, Graham J. Hutchings and Stuart H. Taylor * Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; [email protected] (R.D.A.); [email protected] (G.J.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-29-2087-4062 Academic Editor: Keith Hohn Received: 6 April 2016; Accepted: 10 May 2016; Published: 16 May 2016 Abstract: The selective partial oxidation of short chain alkanes is a key challenge within catalysis research. Direct ethane oxidation to oxygenates is a difficult aim, but potentially rewarding, and it could lead to a paradigm shift in the supply chain of several bulk chemicals. Unfortunately, low C–H bond reactivity and kinetically labile products are just some reasons affecting the development and commercialisation of such processes. Research into direct ethane oxidation is therefore disparate, with approaches ranging from oxidation in the gas phase at high temperatures to enzyme catalysed hydroxylation under ambient conditions. Furthermore, in overcoming the barrier posed by the chemically inert C–H bond a range of oxidants have been utilised. Despite years of research, this remains an intriguing topic from both academic and commercial perspectives. Herein we describe some recent developments within the field of catalytic ethane oxidation focusing on the formation of oxygenated products, whilst addressing the key challenges which are still to be overcome. Keywords: catalysis; ethane; partial oxidation; natural gas 1. Introduction The increasing exploitation of traditional fossil fuels, coupled with their declining reserves has led to recent instability in the price of crude oil.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalytic Oxidation of Methanol in the Cencspheric … THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2019, Vol
    Berkowicz, G., et al.: Catalytic Oxidation of Methanol in the Cencspheric … THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2019, Vol. 23, Suppl. 4, pp. S1231-S1240 S1231 CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF METHANOL IN THE CENOSPHERIC FLUIDIZED BED by Gabriela BERKOWICZa*, Jan WRONAb, Jerzy BARONa, Dariusz BRADLOa, and Witold ZUKOWSKIa aFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland bFaculty of Environmental Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland Original scientific paper https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI19S4231B The process of oxidation of gaseous CH3OH by N2O was carried out over an Ag– Fe2O3-cenosphere catalyst whose structure can be defined as double shell-core catalyst. Preparation of the catalyst was carried out in two stages: thermal de- composition of Fe(CO)5 at above 160 °C and then electroless Ag plating. The process of methanol degradation by N2O was carried out in a fluidized bed reac- tor. The study confirms that it is possible to achieve complete degradation of N2O and CH3OH for the obtained catalyst at above 450 °C when the contact time of the reactants with the catalyst is approximately 6 second and when the substrates are used in stoichiometric ratios. More than 60% of the hydrogen contained in CH3OH can be converted to molecular hydrogen at 500 °C with a ratio of N2O/CH3OH not greater than 0.6 and with a contact time of reactants with the catalyst of approx. 6 seconds. Key words: nitrous oxide, methanol decomposition, core-shell catalyst, Ag/Fe2O3-coated cenospheres, catalytic fluidised bed Introduction Nitrous oxide as a greenhouse gas and an oxidant Greenhouse gases of anthropogenic origin are the main cause of global climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Propylene to Acrolein: the Catalyst Structure, Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics
    Department of Chemical Engineering Centre for Fuels and Energy Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Propylene to Acrolein: The Catalyst Structure, Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics Hamzah Fansuri This thesis is presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Curtin University of Technology June 2005 Declaration This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgment has been made. Signature: …………………………………………. Date: ………………………... i Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank The AusAID for sponsoring my studies at Curtin University of Technology; AINSE for grants awarded (grant AINGRA03132, AINGRA04177 and AINGRA 04191) which enable me to carry out neutron diffraction experiments at ANSTO and CHEMEQ Company for funding which has partially supported the research. I would also like to thank Institute of Technology Sepuluh November (ITS), Surabaya and Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi (DIKTI) who gave me the opportunity to pursue a higher degree education. However, this dissertation could not have been completed without the assistance and support of many people and institutions. Countless thanks to Professor Dong-ke Zhang, the Supervisor of my research, for his intense interest and patience in supervising my research, and his valuable guidance as well as his constructive comments at all stages of the research. In addition, his financial support enabled me to attend conferences, giving me opportunities to expand my knowledge about research and to exchange ideas with other scholars. I would also like to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonium Ion in Water with Ozone Over Metal Oxide Catalysts
    Title Catalytic oxidation of ammonium ion in water with ozone over metal oxide catalysts Author(s) Ichikawa, Sho-ichi; Mahardiani, Lina; Kamiya, Yuichi Catalysis Today, 232, 192-197 Citation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.09.039 Issue Date 2014-09-01 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/56526 Rights ©2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Type article (author version) File Information CATTOD-D-13-00351_body text.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Catalytic oxidation of ammonium ion in water with ozone over metal oxide catalysts Sho-ichi Ichikawa 1, Lina Mahardiani 1, Yuichi Kamiya* 2 1Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Nishi 5, Kita 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 2Research Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Nishi 5, Kita 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan *Corresponding author Yuichi Kamiya E-mail: [email protected], Tel/Fax: +81-11-706-2217 1 Abstract + –1 Oxidative decomposition of NH 4 (10 mmol L ) with O 3 in water was studied at 333 K over a variety of metal oxide catalysts without pH control of the solution. Although MgO and NiO had – the highest catalytic activities, large amounts of undesired NO 3 formed due to low selectivity to gaseous products as well as high activity. Co 3O4, which was slightly less active than MgO and NiO, was the best catalyst in terms of activity, selectivity to gaseous products, and dissolution + degree among the metal oxide catalysts studied. Over Co 3O4, NH 4 was selectively oxidized to N2 with 88% selectivity in water, and the dissolution degree of Co 3O4 was less than 1%.
    [Show full text]
  • General and Prospective Views on Oxidation Reactions in Heterogeneous Catalysis
    catalysts Review General and Prospective Views on Oxidation Reactions in Heterogeneous Catalysis Sabine Valange 1,* and Jacques C. Védrine 2,* 1 Institut de Chimie, des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, ENSI Poitiers, B1, 1 rue Marcel Doré, TSA41105, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France 2 Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR-CNRS 7197, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.V.); [email protected] (J.C.V.); Tel.: +33-5-49454048 (S.V.); +33-1-44275560 (J.C.V.) Received: 12 September 2018; Accepted: 18 October 2018; Published: 22 October 2018 Abstract: In this review paper, we have assembled the main characteristics of partial oxidation reactions (oxidative dehydrogenation and selective oxidation to olefins or oxygenates, as aldehydes and carboxylic acids and nitriles), as well as total oxidation, particularly for depollution, environmental issues and wastewater treatments. Both gas–solid and liquid–solid media have been considered with recent and representative examples within these fields. We have also discussed about their potential and prospective industrial applications. Particular attention has been brought to new raw materials stemming from biomass, as well as to liquid–solid catalysts cases. This review paper also summarizes the progresses made in the use of unconventional activation methods for performing oxidation reactions, highlighting the synergy of these technologies with heterogeneous catalysis. Focus has been centered on both usual catalysts activation methods and less usual ones, such as the use of ultrasounds, microwaves, grinding (mechanochemistry) and photo-activated processes, as well as their combined use.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalytic Oxidation of Propene Over Pd Catalysts Supported on Ceo2, Tio2, Al2o3 and M/Al2o3 Oxides (M = Ce, Ti, Fe, Mn)
    Catalysts 2015, 5, 671-689; doi:10.3390/catal5020671 OPEN ACCESS catalysts ISSN 2073-4344 www.mdpi.com/journal/catalysts Article Catalytic Oxidation of Propene over Pd Catalysts Supported on CeO2, TiO2, Al2O3 and M/Al2O3 Oxides (M = Ce, Ti, Fe, Mn) Sonia Gil 1, Jesus Manuel Garcia-Vargas 1, Leonarda Francesca Liotta 2,*, Giuseppe Pantaleo 2, Mohamed Ousmane 1, Laurence Retailleau 1 and Anne Giroir-Fendler 1,* 1 Département Chimie-Biochimie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003, France, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, CNRS, UMR 5256, IRCELYON, 2 avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (J.M.G.-V.); [email protected] (M.O.); [email protected] (L.R.) 2 Istituto per Lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; E-Mail: [email protected] * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (L.F.L.); [email protected] (A.G.-F.); Tel.: +39-0916809371 (L.F.L.); +33-472-431-586 (A.G.-F.); Fax: +39-091-6809399 (L.F.L.); +33-472-431-695 (A.G.-F.). Academic Editor: Jean-François Lamonier Received: 2 March 2015 / Accepted: 9 April 2015 / Published: 22 April 2015 Abstract: In the following work, the catalytic behavior of Pd catalysts prepared using different oxides as support (Al2O3, CeO2 and TiO2) in the catalytic combustion of propene, in low concentration in excess of oxygen, to mimic the conditions of catalytic decomposition of a volatile organic compound of hydrocarbon-type is reported.
    [Show full text]