Application for a Commercial Kitchen Food Processing Operation
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Relationship Between Cleaning Practices and Microbiological Contamination in Domestic Kitchens Fur-Chi Chen,* Sandria L
Food Protection Trends, Vol. 31, No. 11, Pages 672–679 Copyright© 2011, International Association for Food Protection 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, IA 50322-2864 Relationship between Cleaning Practices and Microbiological Contamination in Domestic Kitchens FUR-CHI CHEN,* SANDRIA L. GODWIN and Agnes KILONZO-NTHENGE *Dept. of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd., Nashville, TN 37209-1561, USA INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT Foodborne diseases caused by mi- A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of crobiological hazards in major outbreaks consumers’ kitchen cleaning practices in reducing microbiological have received widespread attention as a result of broad coverage by the media. In contamination in home kitchens. One hundred fifty participants contrast, the sporadic foodborne illnesses completed an in-home survey. A total of 747 samples of kitchen linked to domestic kitchens are less often surfaces and 100 samples of kitchen cleaning tools were collected reported and sometimes difficult to doc- and analyzed for the indicator microorganisms. The reported ument. As a result, cases of foodborne cleaning practices were compared with various bacterial counts. illnesses related to home-prepared foods Kitchen sinks and faucet handles were the most contaminated are often underestimated (11, 14). Stud- places in the kitchens. Dishcloths and sponges used for cleaning ies have indicated that cross-contami- often contained more bacterial contamination than kitchen nation during food handling, prepara- surfaces. Our results indicated inefficient cleaning procedures tion, and storage in the home is a major applied by the respondents even though most of them reported contributing factor in the transmission incorporating sanitizing agents in their cleaning scheme. -
Engineering Aspects of Food Processing - P.P
CHEMICAL ENGINEEERING AND CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY – Vol. V - Engineering Aspects of Food Processing - P.P. Lewicki ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF FOOD PROCESSING P.P. Lewicki Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland The State College of Computer Science and Business Administration in Lomza, Poland Keywords: Metabolic energy requirement, food production, wet cleaning, dry cleaning, homogenization, membrane filtration, cyclones, clarifixator, coating, extrusion, agglomeration, fluidization, battering, uperisation, pasteurization, sterilization, baking, chilling, freezing, hydrocooling, cryoconcentration, glazing, extrusion-cooking, roasting, frying, thermoplasticity, logistics. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Food industry 3. Food processing 3.1. Mechanical Processes 3.2. Heat Transfer Processes 3.3. Mass Transfer Processes 3.4. Materials Handling 3.5. Hygiene of Processing 3.6. Food Engineering 4. Concluding remarks Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary The main aim of this chapter is to show the impact of chemical and process engineering on the development of nowadays food industry. The contribution presents food as a substance needed to keep a man alive, which is consumed every day and must be produced in enormous amounts. Food industry is a manufacturer of food, employs hundred of UNESCOthousands of employees and uses– considerableEOLSS quantities of energy and water. Basic processes used in food processing are briefly described. They are divided into three groups of unit operations that are mechanical processes and heat and mass transfer processes. In each group of unit operations specificity of the process is emphasized. AtSAMPLE the same time, it is shown howCHAPTERS theories of momentum, heat and mass transfer developed by chemical engineering are applied in designing food-processing equipment. The question of hygienic design and processing of safe food is explicitly stressed. -
R09 SI: Thermal Properties of Foods
Related Commercial Resources CHAPTER 9 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF FOODS Thermal Properties of Food Constituents ................................. 9.1 Enthalpy .................................................................................... 9.7 Thermal Properties of Foods ..................................................... 9.1 Thermal Conductivity ................................................................ 9.9 Water Content ........................................................................... 9.2 Thermal Diffusivity .................................................................. 9.17 Initial Freezing Point ................................................................. 9.2 Heat of Respiration ................................................................. 9.18 Ice Fraction ............................................................................... 9.2 Transpiration of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables ......................... 9.19 Density ...................................................................................... 9.6 Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient ........................................... 9.25 Specific Heat ............................................................................. 9.6 Symbols ................................................................................... 9.28 HERMAL properties of foods and beverages must be known rizes prediction methods for estimating these thermophysical proper- Tto perform the various heat transfer calculations involved in de- ties and includes examples on the -
Introduction to the Microbiology of Food Processing.Pdf
United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Introduction TO THE Microbiology OF Food Processing August 2012 Small Plant News Guidebook Series Small Plant News is a four-page, four-color newsletter published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). It is targeted to small and very small Federal- and State-inspected establishment owners and operators who produce meat, poultry, and processed egg products. Small Plant News’s mission is to support the “FSIS’ Strategic Implementation Plan for Strengthening Small and Very Small Plant Outreach” by providing pertinent information for plant owners and operators so they can produce safe food and, ultimately, ensure the success of their livelihoods. The newsletter strives to do this through: ✔ Informing and educating small and very small plant owners and operators on FSIS news with current and meaningful information in an easy-to-read format. ✔ Assisting plant owners and operators in incorporating FSIS rules and regulations into their daily operational practices with “plain language” information. ✔ Fostering small and very small plants’ ability to stay in business and produce the safest food by providing essential tips that will encourage the highest sanitation standards, paperwork compliance, and cost-saving measures. ✔ Honoring FSIS’ obligations to small and very small plants by providing a mechanism that increases two-way dialogue between plants and the Agency. Back issues of Small Plant News are available on FSIS’ Web site at www.fsis.usda.gov. Or you may call the Small Plant Help Desk at (877) 374-7435 to order back copies. -
An Evaluation of Modern Day Kitchen Knives: an Ergonomic and Biomechanical Approach Olivia Morgan Janusz Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2016 An evaluation of modern day kitchen knives: an ergonomic and biomechanical approach Olivia Morgan Janusz Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Biomechanics Commons, and the Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Janusz, Olivia Morgan, "An evaluation of modern day kitchen knives: an ergonomic and biomechanical approach" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 14967. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14967 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evaluation of modern day kitchen knives: An ergonomic and biomechanical approach to design by Olivia Janusz A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Industrial Engineering Program of Study Committee: Richard Stone, Major Professor Michael Dorneich Stephanie Clark Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2016 Copyright © Olivia Janusz, 2016. All rights reserved ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ………………………………. ....................................... iii ABSTRACT………………………………. ............................................................. -
Kitchen Renovations
Bulletin 021 Version 0725 11 Kitchen Renovation s PurposePurpose:::: The purpose of this bulletin is to inform permit applicants of document submittal requirements for the renovation of kitchens in 1- and 2-family residential dwelling structures. Applicability: The information contained herein is applicable to all 1- and 2-family residential dwelling structures. All work must be performed in accordance with the 2003 International Residential Code (IRC), as locally amended. This document may be updated periodically. Please check the department’s web page to verify you have the current version of this document. Permit SubmittalsSubmittals:::: Except as noted below, permit submittal drawings for kitchen renovations in 1- and 2-family dwelling units are not required to be prepared by a licensed design professional, however; the drawings must be drawn to scale and clearly indicate the scope of building, electrical, mechanical and plumbing work to occur. At a minimum, the following drawings are required: • Demolition plan to show all items to be removed such as cabinets, countertops, lighting switches or fixtures, electrical outlets, plumbing fixtures, walls or portions thereof, windows and doors. • Floor plan indicating new or relocated cabinet and countertop work, plumbing fixtures, hoods, walls, windows and doors. Dimensions should be provided to indicate overall room size and distance between island or peninsula sections and other countertops. • Electrical lighting and power plan indicating location of all existing and new switches, receptacles and lighting fixtures as well as power to hard-wired appliances. • Framing Plan indicating any work involving modification to the building's structural framing system. This drawing must be signed and sealed by a licensed architect or structural engineer. -
Food Storage & Safety Guide
Food Storage & Safety Guide Best Practices | Guidelines | Resources table of contents Dry Storage 3 Cold Storage 4 Refrigeration 4 Freezers 5 Recommended Storage Times 6 Hot Storage 9 Catering 10 - 11 Best Practices 10 - 11 Food Handler’s Gear 11 Food Safety during Storage 12 - 14 Cross-contamination or Food Borne Illnesses 12 Food Temperatures 13 Storage Containers 14 Allergy Prevention 15 Cleaning & Sanitizing 16 Food Storage & Safety Resources 17 2 www.rwsmithco.com [email protected] dry STORAGE To prevent contamination from liquids, dust, insects and rodents, store food at least 6 inches above floor. Ensure store room is well ventilated with a humidity level around 50-60%. Allow for a 2-foot ceiling and 18-inch outside wall clearance to protect foods from higher temperatures. Store all cleaning and chemical products on shelves below dry goods (as well as utensils). Follow the FIFO inventory management rule: first in, first out. Increase the shelf life of bulk products - such as flour, sugar, rice and grains - by http://www.rwsmithco.com/Kitchen-Supplies/Food-Pans-Bins-and- transferring them from their original packaging into air-tight, BPA-free plasticStorage/Food-Pans/Polycarbonate-Food-Pans/c1340_1352_1353_1628/ containers. Opt for food grade containers that lock out moisture with easy snap-on lids. http://www.rwsmithco.com/Kitchen- Supplies/Food-Pans-Bins-and-- ClearlyStorage/Food-Labeling/c1340_1352_1631/ label all containers including the delivery date and best by date. Toss out canned goods that are too dented to stack, bulging at the ends, punctured, or have leakage stains. Adhere to special storage instructions on packaging, such as “store in a cool, dry place” or “refrigerate after opening”. -
Kitchen Remodel Requirements
City of San Carlos Building Division 600 Elm St, San Carlos, CA 94070 Phone: 650-802-4261 Residential Kitchen Remodel To apply for a kitchen remodel permit, please email a Building Permit Application form and proposed plans to [email protected]. Provide existing and proposed layout and show kitchen cabinets, appliance locations, receptacle layout, light switch locations, and lighting locations with type of lighting. See reverse side of this handout for sample kitchen floor plan. Building 1. Minimum ceiling height in a kitchen shall be 7’-0” clear measured from finished floor to finished ceiling. 2. Insulation shall be installed in all walls, floors and ceilings open for construction between conditioned space and unconditioned space such as exterior walls, garages, crawl spaces, and attics. Walls: R-13 Ceilings: R-30 Floors: R-19 3. Door openings between a private garage and dwelling unit shall be minimum 1 - 3/8” solid core wood, OR 1 - 3/8” honeycomb core steel, OR a fire door with an approved manufacturer’s label of not less than 20-minute fire rating. Fire doors shall be self-closing and self-latching. 4. A fire wall shall be provided between a private garage and living space. Minimum ½” gypsum board shall be applied to the garage side of the fire wall (recommend 5/8” Type-X gypsum board). Garages beneath habitable rooms shall be provided with not less than 5/8” Type-X gypsum board or equivalent. Electrical 1. Minimum 2- 20 amp dedicated kitchen counter circuits are required. All kitchen counter receptacles shall be GFCI-protected. -
Genetically Modified Food and Informed Consumer Choice: Comparing U.S
Brooklyn Journal of International Law Volume 35 | Issue 2 Article 6 2010 Genetically Modified oF od and Informed Consumer Choice: Comparing U.S. and E.U. Labeling Laws Valery Federici Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil Recommended Citation Valery Federici, Genetically Modified Food and Informed Consumer Choice: Comparing U.S. and E.U. Labeling Laws, 35 Brook. J. Int'l L. (2010). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil/vol35/iss2/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brooklyn Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of BrooklynWorks. GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD AND INFORMED CONSUMER CHOICE: COMPARING U.S. AND E.U. LABELING LAWS INTRODUCTION lthough you might not know it, chances are that the salad you Ahave for lunch or the crackers you eat as an afternoon snack con- tain some amount of genetically modified (“GM”) plants.1 Those ingre- dients almost certainly do not bear labels disclosing their genetic modifi- cations. Even if they did, would you understand what the labels mean enough to make an informed decision whether to purchase and consume GM or non-GM food? The labeling of genetically modified foods is an extremely complicated subject—one that falls at the intersection of a complex scientific field and deeply held religious, moral, and personal beliefs about what one puts into one’s body. It is possible that there is no right answer to the question whether foods should be labeled to indicate genetic modifica- tion. -
Kitchen Basics!
Kitchen Basics! Becoming Familiar with the Kitchen Learning the Basics • What you need to know before you cook! – Know your kitchen • Work Centers • Appliances, Tools, and Equipment – How to follow a recipe • Cooking and Mixing Terms • Measuring and Abbreviations – Personal and Food Safety – Clean Up! Know Your Kitchen! • Knowing your kitchen and tools helps you work efficiently – Work Centers for the kitchen activities: • Food Preparation and Storage – Refrigerator and cabinets for storing utensils and food • Cooking and Serving – Stovetop and oven cooking and baking – Cabinets and counter for foods and tools • Clean Up – Sink and dishwasher – Cabinets for storing dishes, tools, and utensils *Today kitchens may also have a planning work center with a computer, bookshelves, and desk Kitchen Work Centers • What do we do in the kitchen? • Food Uses of the kitchen – Storage – Preparation – Cooking – Serving – Clean-up – Planning Kitchen Layouts • L-Shape Double L Design More Kitchen Layouts • U Shape Plan Corridor Plan Kitchen Designs • Goal- Is to save human energy and be more efficient – Learn the centers in your kitchen – Keep tools in the center where they are first used Cooking Appliances Cooking Methods are similar, however gas and electric appliances cook differently. Everyone has their favorite! Cooking Method Gas Electric Cooktop- Cooking Heats up instantly- Takes a few minutes- Surface High is very hot! temperature settings Bake- In the oven by Needs to preheat 2-3 Needs to preheat- timer dry heat minutes per 100 goes off when ready degrees Broil- Cooking by direct Very hot- open flame- Hot top coils. heat adjust broiler pan Adjust racks accordingly accordingly. -
Food Processing in Sub-Saharan Africa Solutions for African Food Enterprises Final Report 2 SAFE FINAL REPORT I Introduction: Solutions for African Food Enterprises
Food Processing in Sub-Saharan Africa Solutions for African Food Enterprises Final Report 2 SAFE FINAL REPORT I Introduction: Solutions for African Food Enterprises Food processing is a significant driver of local economies, creating supplier linkages for millions of small-scale farmers and helping elevate rural incomes across East and Southern Africa. As population and urbanization rates rapidly 127 increase across the region while hundreds of millions of people continue to face processors trained food insecurity, the demand for food has never been greater. Yet, small and growing local processors often have difficulties producing high-quality affordable and nutritious products that meet food safety standards and regulatory requirements due to a lack of technical and business knowledge and investment. Africa’s food processing industry holds huge Partners in Food Solutions and the United States 1,709 potential for growth: by 2040, it is anticipated that Agency for International Development (USAID) that participants the value of food purchased in East And Southern aimed to increase the competitiveness of the African 1 received training Africa will grow seven-fold. When equipped with food processing sector and expand the availability of via sector-wide the technical and business skills in food processing affordable and nutritious foods. SAFE was launched trainings best practices, such as manufacturing, food safety, in 2012 in Kenya, Malawi and Zambia with a $6.3 packaging, marketing, budgeting and planning, as million grant from USAID. In 2016, SAFE expanded to well as increased access to inputs, new markets and Ethiopia and Tanzania and extended the timeframe finance, growing processors can play a significant in the other countries with an additional $4.1 million role in providing for the region’s food needs. -
ANFP/DMA Practice Standards
APPENDIX ANFP/DMA Practice Standards by Susan Davis Allen, MS, RD, CHE C Professional Standards of Practice serve as the basis for quality dietetic practice for dietary managers. The standards that follow provide guidelines for dietary managers to use in the proper storage of food. You may ask yourself, “Why do we need a standard for 1.6 Refrigerated ready-to-eat food that is not labeled food storage?” Do you track the cost of food that is is discarded. discarded each week because of improper storage? Can 1.7 A refrigerated food storage timeline chart is in you be sure that in the event of a disaster, your food place and followed. (See sample.) storage practices would be adequate? 1.8 Staff receives training on the proper refrigerator With the increase in healthcare costs, your ability to storage time and temperature. control costs may come down to your ability to control 1.9 All discarded refrigerated food is recorded with the shelf stability of both raw and cooked foods. Besides food item, amount, date, and reason. reducing waste, properly stored food maintains its 1.10 Blast chillers, if available, are used to quickly cool nutritional quality and decreases the risk of foodborne foods to safe refrigeration temperatures. illness. In addition, with the threat of terrorist and natural disasters, properly storing water and other appropriate 1.11 Refrigeration unit is cleaned and inspected on a emergency supplies is becoming increasingly important. regular basis. 1.12 Only food purchased from approved vendors is STANDARD 1: refrigerated. The certified dietary manager (CDM) shall ensure that 1.13 Refrigerated food stock rotation follows the FIFO standards for refrigerated, frozen, and dry foods are put (first in, first out) principle.