Spring Final Review TEXAS HISTORY Immigration to Mexico from U.S. Mexican General Mier y Teran warned of the growing American influence in East Texas. He recommended: ▪ increasing trade between TX and Mexico. ▪ Sending soldiers to TX to increase Mexican control ▪ Encouraging more Mexicans and Europeans to settle in TX Immigration to Mexico from U.S. The Law of April 6, 1830 was passed by the Mexican government to strictly control the American presence in Texas. Immigration to Mexico from U.S. The first conflict between TX settlers and Mexican troops occurred at Nacogdoches. Santa Anna comes to power Texans were excited about Santa Anna’s rise to power because he promised to restore the Constitution of 1824. He violated this promise when he began to strengthen the central government. Santa Anna comes to power Stephen F. Austin traveled to see Santa Anna and present resolutions of the Convention of 1833. But he was arrested for challenging Mexican authority. Austin began to support the cause for Texas independence from Mexico. Pro-War vs. Peace Pro-War delegates to the Consultation wanted to fight for Texas Independence from Mexico. Peace delegates wanted to work out differences with Mexico. Texas Revolution Begins In 1835, the residents of Anahuac were upset about the government collecting customs duties on imports. The Battle of Gonzales The Battle of Gonzales began the Texas Revolution. The Mexican Army tried to seize a cannon belonging to the settlement. The Grass Fight Texan militia ambushed Mexican troops who were supposedly carrying silver. The Battle of the Alamo William B. Travis, commander of the Alamo, wrote letters requesting help fighting Santa Anna and Mexican troops in February 1836. The Battle of the Alamo When Santa Anna raised the red flag, it meant the he would leave no survivors. After winning, he thought he had achieved a total victory against the Texans. The Battle of the Alamo The Alamo was strategically located on one of the major routes through Texas. It was a turning point in the Revolution because it made other Texans want to fight for independence. Goliad Massacre James Fannin and his 400 troops were captured by Mexican soldiers at the Battle of Coleto Creek, marched to Goliad and executed. Goliad Massacre After the massacre, some Texans were angry at General Sam Houston because they thought he was avoiding fights with the Mexican Army. The Runaway Scrape After the fall of the Alamo, Texan settlers fled eastward toward the U.S. to escape the advancing Mexican army. Independence Won The victory at San Jacinto was important to Texas because it gave Texas independence from Mexico. Treaties of Velasco ▪ The treaties set the terms of the end of the war with Mexico. ▪ Mexico refused to honor the treaties because, as a prisoner of war, Santa Anna had no authority to sign the treaty. War Won; Problems Remain U.S. immigrants continued to settle in the new Republic of Texas. Many were hostile to the native Tejanos because the immigrants saw the Tejanos as Mexican. Houston vs. Lamar President Houston believed the best policy was to make peace with each American Indian group. President Lamar differed with Houston over Indian policies. “Father of Texas” Upon Stephen F. Austin’s death, President Sam Houston said in the eulogy that “the Father of Texas is no more.” Austin is Capital of Texas Austin was chosen by Lamar to be the capital of Texas because it was more centrally located in Texas than Houston. Council House Fight In the Council House Fight, Texans tried to take Comanche negotiators as hostages. Presidents of the Republic Sam Houston was the 1st and 3rd President of the Republic of Texas. Mirabeau Lamar believed improving education was an important goal. Anson Jones was the final President, presiding over the annexation of Texas to the U.S. Annexation Texans wanted to be annexed into the U.S. because most had emigrated to Texas from the U.S. and strong business/cultural ties. The U.S. did not immediately want to annex Texas because annexation might start a war with Mexico. Annexation From Revolution to Republic:: From Annexation to Statehood However, Texans wanted to retain slavery. Northerners did not want another slave state admitted to the Union. 1845 Annexation Under the 1845 joint resolution, Texas had to give its military supplies to the U.S. The joint resolution pleased Texans because it made Texas a U.S. state, but made Mexicans unhappy. Border Dispute = War U.S. and Texas claimed the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico. Mexico did not agree. This was the root cause of the U.S.-Mexican War. Border Dispute = War Zachary Taylor and thousands of soldiers were sent to Texas to protect the new state from any attack, beginning the U.S.- Mexican War. Manifest Destiny The Mexican Cession was territory ceded by Mexico to the U.S. after the war. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the U.S. would expand from coast to coast. Manifest Destiny The Mexican War led to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the war, the Compromise of 1850 and population growth into Texas. The Compromise of 1850 resolved the border conflict and issue of slavery in Texas. Texas Rangers Governor Houston formed the Texas Rangers to protect Texans from American Indians and guard the Texas frontier. Trouble between States Some states began arguing that state’s rights gave states greater power than federal government. Northerners were upset over the Supreme Court decision over Dred Scott which said African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not forbid slavery in federal territories. Trouble between States Abraham Lincoln became the 16th President of the United States in 1860. The Civil War began soon after his inauguration with the Confederate attack on Ft. Sumter in South Carolina. Texas and the Civil War Governor Sam Houston was removed from office when he refused to swear an oath to the Confederacy. Many Texans wanted to leave the Union because they considered slavery vital to the economy. Texas and the Civil War Unionists wanted to stay in the Union and work out differences over slavery issue. The Texas economy was badly damaged by the Civil War. Texas Constitution Popular sovereignty is the democratic principle that reflects the will of the people. Under the Texas Constitution, women were allowed to own property separately from their husbands. Reconstruction Reconstruction was the process of reuniting and rebuilding the southern states after the Civil War. Reconstruction Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation during the Civil War, which freed slaves in the areas rebelling against the United States. After the war, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery in all states. Reconstruction The 14th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed citizenship and equal rights to African Americans. Voting rights were expanded to allow all men, regardless of race, the right to vote. Reconstruction The Freedman’s Bureau was created by Congress to provide help and legal aid to freedpeople. On to 8th grade!.