LAUSD IT Architecture

Summary

Revised - March 1, 2007

Los Angeles Unified School District Information Technology Division 333 South Beaudry Ave. 10th Floor, Suite 167 Los Angeles, CA 90017 Los Angeles Unified School District Information Technology Architecture 2006 ______IT Architecture Summary

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. REVISION HISTORY ...... 3 2. INTRODUCTION...... 4 2.1 DISTRICT IT AT A GLANCE ...... 4 2.1.1 Central Tier ...... 5 2.1.2 Distribution Tier ...... 5 2.1.3 Edge Locations ...... 6 2.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE DOCUMENT ...... 7 3. LAUSD BACKGROUND...... 8 3.1 FOCUS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY...... 8 4. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIVISION...... 10 4.1 CHARTER...... 10 4.2 ITD ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ...... 12 4.3 RELATIONSHIP WITH PROCUREMENT...... 13 5. IT ARCHITECTURE AND SUMMARY ...... 14 5.1 IT MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING DOMAIN ...... 14 5.2 IT SUPPORT DOMAIN...... 14 5.3 IT SECURITY DOMAIN ...... 15 5.4 INFORMATION DOMAIN – DATA REPOSITORIES AND RETRIEVAL ...... 15 5.5 APPLICATIONS DOMAIN ...... 16 5.6 NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE DOMAIN ...... 16 5.7 USER SYSTEMS DOMAIN ...... 17 6. CURRENT STATE OVERVIEW ...... 18 6.1 NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE DOMAIN ...... 18 6.1.1 Central Core -- WAN ...... 18 6.1.2 Edge Locations -- WAN ...... 19 6.1.3 Edge Locations -- LAN ...... 21 6.1.4 Telecommunications ...... 22 6.1.5 Core IP Network Services – Centrally Maintained...... 24 6.1.6 Convergence ...... 26 6.2 APPLICATIONS AND DATA DOMAIN ...... 26 6.2.1 Central -- Business Functions and Data...... 27 6.2.2 Central -- Student and School Management Systems and Data...... 28 6.2.3 Application and Database Technologies ...... 28 6.3 USER SYSTEMS DOMAIN ...... 30 6.4 INFORMATION SECURITY DOMAIN ...... 31 6.5 INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS...... 32 7. STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS...... 34 7.1 IT RELATED CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS ...... 34

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1. REVISION HISTORY

ƒ Original Document Issue June 30, 2006 ƒ Revision – Change Plan Name from March 1, 2007 “IT Architecture Contract Summary” to “IT Architecture Summary” ƒ Revision – Updated Organization Charts March 1, 2007 ƒ Revision – Updated Network Diagrams March 1, 2007

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2. INTRODUCTION The Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD/the District) is an educational institution serving the second largest student population in the country. It is committed to providing the highest quality instructional services to a constituency whose needs range broadly in both scope and complexity. As with other educational institutions, the District’s resources and budget are limited. To meet the IT needs of its constituency within these constraints; LAUSD pursues long- term solutions from a foundation of defined standards and proven interoperability. The District’s Information Technology Division (ITD) has developed this document as a resource for parties seeking to provide products and/or services to the District. The following sections provide an overview of District IT infrastructure to assist prospective vendors in providing more comprehensive proposals and solutions that maximize use of existing District technology assets and investment. The information contained within this document represents a snapshot in time. The District’s environment is dynamic, and it is important to note that while the District has made a substantial effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this information, ongoing change and the increasing scope of LAUSD technology infrastructure may result in infrastructure modifications not reflected by this document. The District makes no warranties as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the information contained in this document. Prospective vendors should directly validate any information in this document prior to using the information as the basis for decisions with a material impact. The following sub-section provides a high-level overview of District IT infrastructure. It contains a brief description of the underlying structure and scope of IT used within LAUSD to act as a foundation for the detail provided in subsequent sections.

2.1 District IT at a Glance At the highest level, District IT architecture is comprised of three tiers: a central core, distribution layer, and edge locations consisting of over 1200 schools, adult education facilities, child development centers, administrative offices, and other functions spread across roughly 700 square miles. In each of these tiers, the District has deployed and maintains IT infrastructure to provide voice, data, and video services to its constituency. This document examines the services provided at each tier separately.

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2.1.1 Central Tier Within the District’s central facilities is a core Central Core Wide Area Network (WAN) providing a high- speed, switched network fabric for TCP/IP- Distribution Distribution based communications. Data services across Edge Edge Edge Edge this fabric include 3270 access to central Location Location Location Location mainframes, Internet access via multiple Edge Edge Location Location connections and ISPs, and typical file and Distribution printer sharing services.

User systems include Apple laptops and Edge Edge Location Location

desktops, Intel-based desktops, servers, and Edge laptops. Applications include typical office Location automation applications for PCs and a wide variety of custom and COTS applications running on mainframe, UNIX-based midrange, and Windows-based microcomputer systems. Infrastructure IP address delivery and name resolution services (DHCP and DNS) are centrally managed with the former implemented on the router infrastructure and the latter served by AIX and Windows servers. Traditional PBX systems and Voice over IP (VoIP) technology provide voice services within central locations. Additionally, the District makes extensive use of various radio frequency (RF) systems for specific voice applications including mobile communications for administrative staff and for the Los Angeles Schools Police Department (LASPD). The District’s broadcast television station KLCS provides a broad range of instructional programming via analog broadcast and has increased its capacity with the addition of multiple digital broadcast channels. The District is also exploring TCP/IP-based video delivery systems for deployment across its core network.

2.1.2 Distribution Tier The District IT infrastructure distribution tier connects edge locations to the core tier. For data communications, the majority of edge locations have one or more T1 circuits. These circuits run from the edge location into the carrier’s facility where they are aggregated into T3 circuits. The resulting T3 circuits are run to District distribution routers that provide connectivity to the core. Other forms of connectivity between the edge and core include DSL and wireless. DSL is used primarily to connect smaller locations in a cost-effective manner. In a few cases, 802.11 wireless connectivity is used to extend the edge connection at one edge location to other edge locations with close physical proximity.

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2.1.3 Edge Locations District edge locations run the gamut from small offices in facilities shared with other organizations to large, multi-building school campuses. An equally broad range of technology is used to service these locations; however standards have been and continue to be applied to foster manageability. The majority of edge locations are District schools connected to the distribution tier (see above) via one or more T1 circuits terminating at the school in an edge router. The edge router is located in an access-controlled MDF and connected to an Ethernet switch for distribution throughout the building(s) directly or through intermediate switches and hubs. Building wiring includes both copper (predominately CAT-5) and fiber. Building backbone segments typically operate at gigabit or 100 megabit speeds. Installed LAN segments typically operate at 10 or 100 megabit and include a mix of switches and hubs. IP address delivery is provided via DHCP from the edge router, and name services (DNS) are provided centrally. Both DHCP and DNS are managed centrally. Edge locations access the Internet via connectivity to the core. User systems include a broad range of desktops and laptops of both Apple and Intel architecture. While current standards dictate newer operating systems and hardware, components in use range from Business Office LAN

System 7.0 to OS 10.2 for Apple computers and from Users & Network Devices IDF Switch Windows 3.1 on Intel systems to Windows XP on CAT 5e Si newer machines. IDF Switch File and print services are provided by either direct CAT 5e IP printing or, by Intel architecture servers running Si Windows NT or 2000. Standard office automation IDF Switch CAT 5e software is Microsoft Office; however AppleWorks Si and Microsoft Works are also in use. IDF Switch CAT 5e PBX or Key Systems provide telephony services for Si the majority of schools. Over 100 schools and offices MDF locations have adopted the VoIP technology used Core Switch(es) within the core. Some smaller locations have analog Si voice lines provided directly via Local Exchange Servers

Carrier (LEC). In addition to telephony, edge Router Si locations also utilize radio (variety of frequencies), public address (PA), and intercom systems for voice communications. Schools may receive video from KLCS over the air via antenna or via commercial cable connectivity. Further, some remote locations have implemented closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems for surveillance and security purposes.

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2.2 Organization of the Document As with any complex technology environment, a detailed description of every technology area would require a document of excessive length. Instead, an overview and summary of the various IT architecture areas is provided and organized with the following structure: ƒ LAUSD Background: Provides a brief summary of the District’s mission and the scope of its infrastructure and constituency. ƒ ITD Organization Structure: Describes the organizational structure participating in or responsible for the technology functional areas listed above. ƒ IT Architecture and Summary: Lists the technology functional areas addressed by this version of the contract summary document. ƒ Overview of Current IT Architecture: Provides descriptions of the functional areas currently implemented. ƒ ITD Standards and Specifications: Describes applicable standards and specifications adopted by the District for technologies in the covered functional areas. ƒ ITD Major Initiatives: Describes major initiatives (if any) currently underway that may affect substantial change in the technology function areas covered by this document.

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3. LAUSD BACKGROUND The District provides educational services within the greater Los Angeles area including Los Angeles proper and several other cities in Los Angeles County. It is the second largest student population in the country with K-12 student enrollment over 727,000. The realities for the District include: ƒ Maintaining 431 elementary schools, 73 middle schools, 53 senior high schools, 30 opportunity and alternative schools and centers, 45 continuation high schools, 19 special education schools, 160 magnet schools and centers, 26 community adult schools, 111 children’s centers, 26 primary centers, 1 newcomer school, and 11 employment preparation centers. ƒ Multiple administration sites from small locations, to large, multi-floor office spaces. ƒ Providing educational services over an area of 710 square miles including several other cities in Los Angeles County. ƒ Providing technology services and support to approximately 45,000 certificated employees including teachers, counselors, library media teachers, nurses, school psychologists, and school and central administrators. ƒ Employing almost 33,000 classified, non-teaching employees. ƒ Ongoing evaluation of alternative educational approaches, including the use and integration of technology into the curriculum and instructional delivery within the District. The District’s mission is as follows: The teachers, administrators, and staff of the Los Angeles Unified School District believe in the equal worth and dignity of all students and are committed to educate all students to their maximum potential. To meet this mission the District, like other educational businesses, must leverage technology to respond to an evolving educational setting, raising demands of access to information and interconnection to the larger global community.

3.1 Focus on Information Technology The District realizes the importance of leveraging technology to respond to evolving demands of an educational environment the size of LAUSD. As a result, the LAUSD Information Technology Division (ITD) has established IT strategic initiatives to support the District goal of providing quality education to Los Angeles students. As one of the largest education providers in the country, the District is faced with unique challenges in terms of size and complexity. The successful implementation of the IT strategic initiatives will largely depend upon ITD’s ability to overcome the following challenges: ƒ Rapidly growing and changing instructional needs and technologies

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ƒ Securing adequate funding, expertise, and staffing ƒ Minimizing school and office disruptions, during transition periods ƒ Facility limitations and obstructions (e.g., electrical capacity, hazardous materials) The District must continually balance the expanding IT needs of its constituency with the realities of budgetary constraints. To be successful, it must leverage its current infrastructure as it implements additional IT services. Wholesale replacement of technology is both undesirable and unnecessary. The District cannot afford to abandon previous investments in technology; therefore, the following LAUSD Network Architecture Design Guidelines stress that the design of all information technology projects must adhere to: ƒ Standardize equipment (where possible) and cable installations to reduce maintenance and support costs ƒ Upgrade and replace equipment that is at its “end-of-life” to reduce maintenance costs due to high failure rates ƒ Design for the long term and consider life cycle costs ƒ Maximize the use of space by centralizing data, voice, and video systems ƒ Design for convergence, allowing, wherever possible, data networks, intercommunication, public address, and intrusion alarm systems to share the cabling backbone, thus reducing installation and long term maintenance cost ƒ Design for flexibility ƒ Specify affordable, durable, sustainable materials and equipment In addition, when determining IT projects, the following criteria are considered: ƒ Obsolescence and/or age of system impacting the ability to access instructional and central business applications ƒ Rate of failure due to extensive usage or incompatibility with emerging technologies ƒ Bandwidth needs-enrollment and classroom growth that have a direct impact on bandwidth needs; increased demand for video and graphics requires more bandwidth (data transfer capacity or speed of transmission of digital communications) Successful acquisition strategies, deployment projects, and long-term operation of IT require a comprehensive strategy that is carefully considered and effectively implemented. This is especially relevant when addressing the management of IT infrastructure as large and complex as the District’s. The District’s information technology infrastructure encompasses a variety of wired and wireless systems to carry and route voice and data communications.

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4. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIVISION The organizational entity responsible for the delivery of technology within the District is the Information Technology Division (ITD). The ITD is organized to support all technology components of the District including: ƒ Strategic and IT Planning ƒ Business Systems and Applications ƒ Instructional Systems and Applications ƒ Data and Telecommunication Infrastructure – Wireless, LAN, WAN, Internet Access, and Voice Services ƒ IT Security ƒ User Systems including laptops, printers and other devices necessary for IT to input and extract data from the various District systems

4.1 Charter ITD’s primary role is to: Align and direct IT resources to meet District instructional and business goals. Within LAUSD, the program management staff categorizes IT infrastructure projects into the following nine domain areas: ƒ Data Center ƒ Information Security Systems ƒ IT Enterprise Resource ƒ Local Area Networks ƒ Network Management and Services ƒ Radio Systems ƒ Telecommunications ƒ Voice, Video, and Data Convergence ƒ Wide Area Network When determining IT projects, the following criteria are considered: ƒ Obsolescence and/or age of system impacting the ability to access instructional and central business applications ƒ Rate of failure due to extensive usage or incompatibility with emerging technologies ƒ Bandwidth needs-Enrollment and classroom growth that have a direct impact on bandwidth needs; increased demand for video and graphics requires more bandwidth (data transfer capacity or speed of transmission of digital communications)

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The LAUSD Network Architecture Design Guidelines articulate the basic tenets included in the design of all information technology projects. These are: ƒ Standardize equipment (where possible) and cable installations to reduce maintenance and support costs ƒ Upgrade and replace equipment that is at its “end-of-life” to reduce maintenance costs due to high failure rates ƒ Design for the long term and consider life cycle costs ƒ Maximize the use of space by centralizing data, voice, and video systems ƒ Design for convergence, allowing, wherever possible, data networks, intercommunication, public address, and intrusion alarm systems to share the cabling backbone, thus reducing installation and long term maintenance cost ƒ Design for flexibility ƒ Specify affordable, durable, sustainable materials and equipment

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4.2 ITD Organization Structure

The head of the Information Technology Division is the Chief Information/Chief Financial Officer (CFO/CIO) Mr. Charles Burbridge, who manages the following departments: ƒ Education Technology Group coordinates IT educational technology in support of the Superintendent’s instructional goals to provide students and teachers with access to quality instructional resources and programs. ƒ Customer Service Group manages the Customer Support Help Desk, Computer Support Services, and on-site technician dispatch, which provide primary support services to schools and offices. In addition, the group manages training and on-going support services to all District staff in the use of core administrative and business applications. ƒ Enterprise Applications develops and supports enterprise software applications in support of student and information management systems, and the tools to manage business, human resources, payroll, school and student level data. ƒ IT Risk Management develops and oversees security strategies for the District’s use of information technology, and establishes and audits systems and procedures that prevent unauthorized access to or use of District technology resources. ƒ IT Infrastructure develops and designs the District’s overall information technology infrastructure. Establishes and maintains technology related standards and specifications, and architecture design. Manages programs related to IT infrastructure installations. ƒ ITD Shared Services manages the ongoing operation of central data processing and data center resources in support of educational and ITD missions. For detailed information about the staff and structure of the Information Technology Division, please refer to the appropriate sections of the District’s Web site: http://www.lausd.net/.

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4.3 Relationship with Procurement As with all areas of acquisition, the procurement process for IT products is controlled from a process perspective by the District procurement office. However, ITD plays an important role in determining the requirements, standards and specifications for technology that will be procured. It must be stressed that all materials offered in this document are intended to support overall District procurement processes. The goal is not to replace processes and instructions provided by Procurement, but to clarify some vendor questions pertaining to the overall IT environment in the District, to provide support information such as IT specifications and requirements, and to support specific procurement activities involving IT buying decisions.

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5. IT ARCHITECTURE AND SUMMARY

Given the complexity of both the educational and IT LAUSD IT Architecture Framework

environments within the ITIT M Managanagememeentnt ITIT S Suppoupporrtt and Planning IT Security Domain District, ITD has spent this and Planning IT Security Domain DoDommaainin DoDommaainin last year developing an Information Domain Customer Governance Customer overall IT architecture Governance Data Repositories & Retrieval SSuuppppoortrt Se Serrvviceice IITT P Poolilcieiciess & & Data Center framework from which to Procedures Applications Domain Data Center Procedures SAIC Architecture Framework – Navigational View plan and operate Network IITT A Admidminn & & Network Budgeting Management technology within the Budgeting Network Infrastructure Domain Management District. It describes, from PlPlannanniningg IT Projects an enterprise level, the IT Projects User Systems Domain Professional types of technology used to Architecture Professional Architecture Development support the District’s Development educational and business goals. Business Environment and Governance

The architecture is StStududenentsts InInststrruucctitioonn AdmAdmininististrraattionion SSttaakekehholdoldeersrs described as an overall framework that organizes technology elements into segments, domains, and components areas. In all, there are seven primary domains within this framework. As shown in the graphic, there is a management domain, a support services domain, and five technical domains. Each of the domains is described below.

5.1 IT Management and Planning Domain The IT Management and Planning Domain comprises various processes, systems and resources that manage, operate and maintain the IT investment of the District. This domain starts with the defining charter and governance statements that provide ITD authority to plan, manage, and maintain the IT assets for the District. It includes information on the IT policies and procedures that describe the various acquisition, installation, operation and support activities for the various technology elements. It also includes the newly developed IT security policies that are driving the efforts for additional safeguarding of IT systems and electronic data. Further, effective planning processes and requirements analysis are critical to management of the District’s complex IT environment. Given the high and increasing need for technology and the limits of resources, additional emphasis is placed on the management communication and planning processes to ensure stakeholder involvement in IT directions.

5.2 IT Support Domain The IT Support Domain of the framework consists of the various components to successfully operate the IT systems and to provide ongoing user support for the employment of technology. Among the leading support areas are Customer Support Services and Data Center. Customer Support Services has the charter for providing help services to all District users. The Data Center area is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the large systems that house the LAUSD

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Los Angeles Unified School District Information Technology Architecture 2006 ______IT Architecture Summary systems and databases. The Data Center is operated on a 7 by 24 schedule and ensures access to systems and data is optimized. A growing area of support during the last year and going forward is in the formalized use of network management systems and processes. Given the diversity of its locations and user’s communications needs, management insight into and control over the District’s networks is critical. Current focus is on the deployment of remote management tools to increase the diagnostic analyses capabilities and monitoring functions of ITD. Also included in this domain is the overall project management office that houses information, resources, and processes to successfully manage IT projects within the District. While specific technology areas build specialized project and technical management processes and systems, this area has enterprise responsibility to ensure the projects are managed and operated to District ITD standards. Lastly, from an enterprise level there is a need to ensure a strategy is developed and a commitment made for having appropriately trained and qualified technology staff. With the technology evolving in 6-month increments, optimizing training is critical to the overall success of ITD strategic goals.

5.3 IT Security Domain The IT Security Domain encompasses all technology areas. In each technology domain, there are interrelated security considerations. Major components of District IT security include access control and management for user systems and data and the provision and management of remote access. The Security Domain also includes multiple systems for controlling both inbound and outbound Internet communications via firewall and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), virus control, e- mail spam avoidance, VPN deployment, management, and more. As security is irrevocably intertwined with all IT technology areas, there are direct security implications in all framework domains.

5.4 Information Domain – Data Repositories and Retrieval The Information Domain includes all the electronic methods for saving, storing, accessing, and archiving District data. The District currently maintains the following types of data repositories: ƒ Student Information Data warehouse that is built on Oracle brand products. ƒ Business Enterprise databases that are proprietary to the business applications. Many of these are housed on large IBM mainframes. ƒ Middleware databases that house information from other District systems and serve as intermediate repositories for data to ensure the security of the enterprise system and/or serve as a query data repository. ƒ Client/Server databases housed on UNIX systems.

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5.5 Applications Domain The Applications Domain includes the following three primary components necessary for the District to perform its core operations: ƒ Student Information and Records. This includes a full range of applications and databases pertaining to student oriented information from health data, to school academic records, to attendance information and so forth. ƒ Business Systems. This includes finance, human resources, library, and cafeteria services. ƒ Educational and Instruction Support Systems. This includes a full range of educational and instructional support systems. A full plan, LAUSD Educational Technology Plan, is revised yearly and focuses on the current and future directions for technology and the improvement and support of educational delivery and instruction. This plan can be obtained upon request and is available on line. Each of these areas consists of a large array of individual applications—from complex financial systems to simple, single task applications to support reading instruction. As with other enterprises of a similar size, the District currently supports an extremely broad range of applications and data services. The District has deployed commercial software from a variety of vendors and custom applications have been developed both externally and internally. These are deployed across mainframe, mid-range, and microcomputers throughout the District’s infrastructure. LAUSD is in the process of establishing standards and specifications for the applications and data services it supports. District use of web-based technology continues to evolve. Current initiatives include a wide mixture of Web portals for access to existing District systems, Web-based front-end systems for legacy applications and general use of Internet and intranet sites for data distribution.

5.6 Network Infrastructure Domain The Network Infrastructure Domain consists of the technology components that allow users and systems to interconnect with each other. It also includes other infrastructure technologies necessary for enterprise system to work. The primary components are: ƒ Wide Area Network (WAN): The District’s WAN consists of a high-speed, meshed core and multi-point distribution layer connecting its educational and administrative facilities across roughly 700 square miles of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. ƒ Local Area Networks (LAN): The District currently supports over 1,200 facilities each with one or more LANs. The District mandates specific standards for all LAN cable plants, equipment, and connectivity deployments. ƒ Telecommunications: The District maintains diverse telecommunication services ranging from traditional voice (e.g., telephone) services to public address systems, intercom systems, mobile radios, cell phones, and others. For example, LAUSD infrastructure currently includes over 20,000 mobile radios and 34,000 telephone lines.

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ƒ Core IP Services: The District supports multiple Domain Name System (DNS) domains for both internal and external use. Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) provides IP address allocation and delivery. ƒ Convergence: The District currently maintains deployments of multiple converged services to meet increasing instructional requirements while best leveraging limited budget resources. TCP/IP delivery of both voice (telephony) and video conferencing are in use today. District adoption of converged technologies is pragmatic driven by the potential to decrease costs through consolidated infrastructure and simplified management and maintenance. ƒ Network Services: Network infrastructure provides collaborative services such as electronic mail and calendaring that are centrally managed and accessible across the enterprise. Also included in this area are enterprise print service functions that support the deployment of the new ISIS and ERP systems.

5.7 User Systems Domain The User Systems Domain includes all the systems and tools that an individual District employee, educator, or manager can use to accomplish their respective responsibilities. Some examples of personal electronic systems are desktops, laptops, and PDAs as well as pre- packaged productivity software for such functions as word processing, spreadsheet analysis, and individual database development. The domain also includes some level of file storage (file services), servers, and input/output/storage peripheral devices including: ƒ Printers ƒ Scanners ƒ Networked copier/scanner ƒ CD Library Systems ƒ File Servers ƒ Tape Drive Systems (local back up solutions)

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6. CURRENT STATE OVERVIEW This section provides an overview of the current IT environment that exists in the District. A number of major initiatives, discussed in Section 5.2.1, are currently underway and will transform major sub sections of the current environment. Again, while efforts are made to keep this document current, some inconsistencies may be found. The discussion begins with the network infrastructure and continues with the security, application, database, customer support, and other major components of the technology infrastructure.

6.1 Network Infrastructure Domain The following subsections describe technology functional areas within the Network Infrastructure Domain.

6.1.1 Central Core -- WAN The existing District WAN has a core backbone network consisting of four major nodes connected by broadband circuits. The four nodes are connected via point-to-point gigabit Ethernet terminated on Cisco model 6500 series switches with routing enabled. The OC-192 SONET ring and Cisco model 15454 optical switches provide the transport for the gigabit Ethernet backbone. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is used as the Internet Protocol (IP) routing protocol. Core nodes and associated connections use OSPF Area 0. The distribution layer consists of T1 connections from Cisco 7204 routers to edge sites. There are four primary OSPF Areas currently in use at the distribution layer. For growth, additional areas are being added using a new numbering scheme. All OSPF Areas connect to Area 0 at one of the four WAN Core Node facilities.

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The existing LAUSD WAN is illustrated in the following graphic:

SBC Internet Connections DCP Internet-2 Van Nuys Node

WAN Core Nodes LAUSD West LA CORE LA Node Van Nuys Node (Beaudry) Ethernet Ethernet

Gardena 7204 Node 7204 Ethernet Distribution Ethernet Routers DSL GSR Router

7204

Telco T3 T3 T3 Central Office T3 T1 T1 T1 SCHOOL SCHOOL T1 SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL DSL Edge Routers User SCHOOL SCHOOL T1 T1 SCHOOL Fiber attached SCHOOL T1 School – colocated T1 with Node SCHOOL Up to 4 T1s SCHOOL Up to 4 T1s SCHOOL Up to 4 T1s

OSPF AREA(s) OSPF AREA(s) OSPF AREA(s) Up to 4 T1s per site SCHOOL

OSPF AREA(s)

LAUSD Existing WAN

6.1.2 Edge Locations -- WAN LAUSD edge router connectivity is based on a star topology. Each school, District office, Campus, or other site is directly connected to a distribution router located at one of the four core sites. Edge connectivity is primarily via T1 (or multiple T1) circuits. Schools with multiple T1s are configured to load balance across up to 4 T1s. To reduce equipment and circuit costs, T1 circuits are bundled into channelized DS-3 circuits at the nearest Node site. These DS-3s terminate on Cisco model 7204-VXR distribution routers. These routers are connected to backbone switches via 100bTX, Ethernet. Normal configurations should not (and currently do not) exceed three DS-3s per distribution router. Other connectivity to edge sites includes DSL and wireless. Sites that do not require full T-1 access, mainly the Early Education Centers, currently use DSL circuits to communicate with the District WAN. The local exchange carrier terminates private DSL lines through their broadband concentrating equipment directly on LAUSD equipment at Node sites. Approximately 110 of these sites are in use today. In the case of the EECs, these sites also use the DSL to transport VoIP services.

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The District has extensively deployed Wireless Access Points (WAP) into LAN enviroments at several schools to extend WAN connectivity short distances to neighboring schools. This is advantageous for emergency, short-term projects, or where trenching new entrance cables would be impossible, costly, and/or time consuming. The LAUSD WAN has grown through many project procurements and implementations. Due to the nature of procurement cycles, constantly changing technology and solutions provided by RFP vendors, the WAN has grown to include a variety of equipment. The following table provides a summary of WAN equipment used at the edge.

Router Equipment Comments (Cisco)

372x, 382x, 800 DSL sites, Early Childhood Learning sites 17xx District offices

262x Some stand-alone Adult Ed sites and some District offices 37xx, 38xx Mostly schools, some District offices The District is currently working on a new strategic plan for the replacement of the existing WAN environment. A procurement(s) pertaining to this replacement is planned to occur over the next year.

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6.1.3 Edge Locations -- LAN The LAUSD LAN architecture and hierarchical model for new projects is based on established industry technology standards and design specifications for LAN configuration. In simple terms, this is a Hierarchical Star, Ethernet topology using a hybrid multimode/single mode vertical fiber backbone and a hybrid horizontal cabling system using either CAT 5e and fiber (in some schools), fiber only, or CAT 5e only. Non-instructional business offices use CAT 5e horizontal cabling. The District has adopted an equipment standard including switched gigabit Ethernet on the backbone and switched 100Mb Ethernet to end users. The above illustration provides a graphic representation of this architecture. The District currently supports 1,200 locations of which over half are K-12 school campuses. Other facilities supported include business offices, early education centers, adult education centers, and other instructional and administration facilities. The following is a high level list of many LAN systems currently installed on District LANs:

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ƒ Alcatel/Xylan 10xx, 4000, 5000, and 6000 series switches ƒ Alcatel/Xylan Omni 50xx wx, 77xx, and 78xx ƒ Allied Telesyn model AT-FS724I-10 switches ƒ Cisco model 412 repeater (hub) ƒ Cisco model 1900 switches ƒ Cisco 29xx, 35xx, and 3750 series switches ƒ Cisco 50xx and 55xx series switches ƒ Cisco 60xx and 65xx series switches ƒ Cisco 45xx series switches ƒ DiGi media converters ƒ MiLAN S3130SC switches ƒ MiLAN model 801 switches ƒ MiLAN model 9100 media conversion system ƒ SMC model SMC-EZ108FDT switches ƒ Dell Power Edge servers ƒ Cisco 36xx, 37xx, and 38xx series routers ƒ Cisco Wireless (WLAN) Access Points ƒ 3COM Wireless (WLAN) Access Points

6.1.4 Telecommunications The following subsections provide architectural summaries of the critical telecommunication services maintained by LAUSD. Within the LAUSD structural context, these include Voice, Voicemail, Mobile Radio, and Public Address/Intercom services.

6.1.4.1 Voice (Telephony) Services – Central and Edge PacBell and Verizon provide standard voice services to approximately 1,200 locations. Additionally, several thousand cell phones have been issued on an as-needed basis to the staff. The District also uses standard text pagers and RIM Blackberry devices issued to various individuals within the ITD organization. LAUSD predominantly uses legacy PBX systems to provide standard voice services. However, there are approximately 110 locations using VoIP solutions. The District has upgraded or replaced existing PBXs so they will support future/new features such as integrated PA/Intercom capability, VoIP, and wireless phones. Where feasible, the District is also consolidating existing Key System units into a single (1) PBX switch. At locations with a significant number of individual business lines or trunks, the District is moving toward replacing them with PRI trunks, thereby eliminating all use of Centrex connections. The predominant PBX and/or Key Systems are Definity/Prologix, Legend, and Meridian.

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6.1.4.2 Voicemail Services In general, schools are typically responsible for obtaining and supporting their own voicemail solutions. However, the Telecommunications group provides voicemail services to the District’s headquarters building using Cisco’s Unity system. Unity is Cisco’s proprietary voicemail and unified messaging system. This system is located in the Data Center and provides classic voicemail services to all LAUSD personnel located in the Beaudry building.

6.1.4.3 Mobile Radio – Central to Edge The District’s responsibility for providing reliable and effective radio communications for its teachers, staff, and employees is significant. The Radio Support Section has three major customers: ƒ Los Angeles School Police Department (LASPD) ƒ Transportation Branch (primarily buses) ƒ Administrative staff (primarily on-campus) and KLCS The following categories of radio operations exist today in LAUSD’s radio services: ƒ UHF (450MHz) band conventional (analog voice technology- no trunking) ƒ UHF (800MHz) band conventional (analog voice technology- no trunking) ƒ VHF (150MHz) business band (simplex only) analog voice technology ƒ Low-power Industrial (LPI) band (457MHz) ƒ Microwave (2.1GHz) band (analog) ƒ Commercial Carrier wireless Cellular Digital Packet Data CDPD, on the analog mobile phone system (AMPS) District radio staff also supports several microwave networks. One network is used to interconnect the voice radio sites to the radio system master control at Soto Street and provides analog voice communications between the sites and within the District. The system operates under licensed 2GHz spectrum and has twenty-six multiplexed analog channels. Another network is a separate 2GHz spread-spectrum system used to support data transmission between Wilson High School, Lincoln, and Bravo High Schools. Channel distributions and support infrastructure is described in the table below:

Frequencies Tower Sites Channels

2 GHz Oat Mountain 2 Mount Lukens 7 Mount Lee 7 San Pedro Hill 7 Wilson High School 2 Master Control (Soto St.) 26

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The following table summarizes the District’s major fixed radio sites:

Frequencies Tower/Receiver Sites Customer

800 MHz Mount Lukens Transportation Mount Lee Transportation San Pedro Hill Transportation 450 MHz Mount Lukens LASPD/Schools Mount Lee LASPD/Schools Oat Mountain LASPD/Schools San Pedro Hill LASPD/Schools Wilson High School LASPD/Schools Loop Canyon LASPD/Schools El Camino High School LASPD/Schools Windsor Hills Magnet LASPD/Schools 460 MHz Mount Lee Maint. & Ops.

6.1.4.4 Public Address/Intercom – Edge Locations Under the BB Bond program LAUSD has deployed Public Address/Intercommunication (PA/IC) systems from several different manufactures. The majority of PA/IC systems are from Dukane (StarCall), Bogen (Multicom 2000) or Rauland Borg (Telecenter). The LAUSD Facilities Division is actively interfacing the PA/IC systems with PBX systems to provide 911 call out from classrooms.

6.1.5 Core IP Network Services – Centrally Maintained The following subsections provide quantitative detail on LAUSD systems for DNS and DHCP delivery and management.

6.1.5.1 DNS The District currently provides DNS services in support of the following two domains: ƒ lausd.k12.ca.us ƒ lausd.net The lausd.k12.ca.us domain is the District’s primary public domain. The lausdnet domain is primarily an internal-use domain, but publicly registered and contains host entries that are publicly resolvable. Externally, both domains share the following primary and secondary authoritative servers: ƒ dnsx.lausd.k12.ca.us – Operated by LAUSD

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ƒ ns1.pbi.net – Operated by ISP (SBC Internet Services, Inc.) The LAUSD operated external server provides DNS services via BIND version 9.x operating under AIX version 4.3.3. The District operates the following DNS servers visible from the internal network as:

Role Name DNS Server (OS)

Primary lausd.k12.ca.us dnsx.lausd.k12.ca.us BIND 9.x (AIX 4.3.3) Secondary lausd.k12.ca.us lausd.k12.ca.us BIND 9.x (AIX 4.3.3) Primary lausd.net win2kdc.lausd.net Microsoft DNS (Windows 2000) Secondary lausd.net win2kdc2.lausd.net Microsoft DNS (Windows 2000) The following statistical summary is drawn from zone data files provided by LAUSD:

Record Type lausd.k12.ca.us (quantity) lausd.net (quantity)

NS 1 2 A 653 1123 CNAME 84 1 MX 54 2 The primary and secondary servers for each domain also function as secondary servers for the other domain.

6.1.5.2 DHCP The District has developed and deployed two IP address allocation plans: one for schools and other remote locations and another for District headquarters. The District is currently in the process of deploying an IP address plan to accommodate recent growth at remote locations; a copy of this plan is available separately. In summary, District internal IP addressing utilizes standard private address space as defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Specifically, addresses are assigned from the 10.x.x.x (CIDR 10/8 or “Class A”) network address space. Historically, the District utilizes four (4) class C CIDR addresses (10/21) for instructional and administrative network assignments at each school. The first octet of all assigned address is 10. The second and third octets are used to signify the admin network, instructional network and location (Node, OSPF area, school, and floor). Schools that required additional address space have been provided additional class C addresses.

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6.1.6 Convergence The District continues to leverage advancements Centalized Call Manager Cluster & VM Call Manager in voice, video, and data Primary Server CM Secondary Server CM Publisher convergence. Voice CM TFTP Server CM IP Phones DHCP

services are primarily Voice Mail/ Unified Messaging Beaudry Remote delivered via traditional Building Sites Calista VoiceMail GW paradigms; however, LAUSD Beaudry LANs Site LANs

IP WAN 100Mb Ethernet Cisco Voice over IP 100Mb Ethernet Router/Voice Router/Voice Gateway Gateway (VoIP) technologies are SRST SRST ice IP Telephones ice IP Telephones o o RI V also being used where RI V /P /P 1 1 T T Wireless cost effective. Likewise, Beaudry IP Phones PBX Remote the District has also PBX PSTN NETWORK deployed various Local Trunks Local Trunks BackupTelephones BackupTelephones Loc Analog/Digital Analog/Digital s al A Line nalo log g Lin multimedia technologies Ana es al Loc in support of special Phone/Fax Phone/Fax instructional programs Machines Machines and administrative requirements. As illustrated in the diagram, the District has successfully deployed a VoIP infrastructure that is being used for voice trunking and end-to-end VoIP at designated sites. It has the ability to scale well, interoperate effectively with the legacy telephony environment, and leverage the District’s existing IP network infrastructure. Following is an overview of the District’s current VoIP infrastructure:

− VoIP services delivered to approximately 110 locations

− Approximately 17 Cisco Call Managers

− Over 125 VoIP Gateways

− Over 3,500 VoIP Phones

6.2 Applications and Data Domain The following subsections describe technology components and functional areas for both the Application and Data domains.

District Systems and Data Operational Area

These functions are performed to support general business requirements of Business Systems and Data the District. Applications in this category include Payroll, Human Resources, Budget and Planning, Financial Accounting, etc.

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District Systems and Data Operational Area

Student and School These functions support the myriad activities required to manage school Management Systems and sites and support federal, state, and local reporting requirements. Student Data Information and Special Education systems are examples of the applications included in this category. Hybrid of Business and These functions are performed to support both the business activities and School Management Systems school management activities of the District. Specific applications in this and Data category include Transportation, Food Service, and Textbook systems. These functions are specific to educational instruction used in the Instructional Systems and classroom. Applications included in this category are currently focused in Data stand-alone application technologies and include COTS products like Reader Rabbit and Math Blaster. The goal is to consolidate and migrate business and student systems to current technologies.

6.2.1 Central -- Business Functions and Data The District currently has underway six initiatives for the Business Systems Component area including: ƒ Procure and deploy an ERP system for Finance. ƒ Procure and deploy an ERP for Human Resources. ƒ Develop a Web application environment to build new systems and/or bridge existing legacy systems into the new Web accessible environments. ƒ Redesign and enhance the existing District Web sites. ƒ Complete application enhancements to existing business systems until replaced under the major ERP efforts. ƒ Provide user productivity support for document intensive business processes, (e.g., document management and workflow). Many of the existing business systems reside on an IBM mainframe with some still using terminal emulation mode for application access. Other systems are using Web-based technology to provide access to information such as the Administrative Notebook application. In general, the District has: ƒ A strong capability to support IBM mainframe based applications that are written in COBOL ƒ Exposure to and capabilities in the use of new portal technologies to link users to new technology-based applications ƒ A mix of UNIX systems and servers running Microsoft Windows server operating systems and Microsoft SQL Server

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6.2.2 Central -- Student and School Management Systems and Data The leading initiative for the District is the development and deployment of the new ISIS system that replaces most of the student and school management systems including health care service information that exists today. In combination with the Decision Support Systems (DSS) application and data warehousing, there will be a large portfolio of Oracle product centric applications and databases. The District has experience with and owns the Oracle development tool set.

6.2.3 Application and Database Technologies The current application and database architecture reflects two decades of progressive evolution that can be categorized into one of five ways as shown in the table below.

Technology Description and Example

Legacy The term “Legacy” is used to refer to technologies no longer supported by the original providers or technologies no longer employed in new development efforts within the Industry. In most cases there are applications that: ƒ Operate on the mainframe and rely heavily on data entry activities or ƒ Operates on mainframe technologies Within the District, some examples might be: ƒ District Payroll System ƒ District financial systems Enterprise An ERP-based Integrated Student Information System (ISIS) will replace current discrete Resource applications with an integrated solution. LAUSD is in negotiations with a vendor who is Planning supplying a COTS type ERP solution for managing student information and school management functions. LAUSD is negotiating with vendors to provide functionality as part of the baseline application, and LAUSD plans to implement these with minimal customization. Planning efforts are underway to reengineer business processes throughout the District related specifically to student information and school management. Client/Server Client/server solutions were ones where portions of the application would be used on the client system, with other parts running on any number of “tiered” servers. Few Client/Server applications exist in the District and most will be replaced with the new ERP project efforts. Current examples are: Student Information Systems elementary, secondary, adult information, and Special Ed systems operate in a client/server environment with data stored locally and periodically pushed into a consolidated data warehouse

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Technology Description and Example

Proprietary, With the large portfolio of instructional and educational systems, the District is Application dependent on using proprietary applications and databases. Examples are: Specific ƒ Library Services Systems ƒ Cafeteria Systems ƒ Transportation Management System Whenever possible attempts are made to acquire open-architecture solutions, but the market drives what solution can be obtained. Also included in this area are targeted, specialty instructional systems that the District procures. Each of these is considered proprietary and rarely can the District modify either the application or associated database. Stand alone Current and continuing technology within the District. Desktop applications offer and Desktop specific functionality in specialized areas to end users without incurring significant cost. Applications Two examples are: ƒ Operate in stand-alone mode at the desktop and include instructional applications like Reader Rabbit and Math Blaster. ƒ Desktop based data reporting tool widely used throughout all areas of the District in the analysis and reporting of information.

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Technology Description and Example

Web-based This is considered an evolving and expanding technology environment. The District has Applications made significant strides in developing and prototyping Web-based technologies. Two examples are: ƒ Focusing on the student information drawn from the various school applications in the District. DSS is used to consolidate, summarize, or transform student data to support analytical reporting and trend analysis. The data warehouse, used by the DSS, drills down to detailed information. The primary users are school principals, administrators, school office staff, board field representatives and program evaluators. ƒ Administrative Notebook Portal is a Web portal that is used by principals for calendaring, bulletins, memos, etc. This application lays the foundation for portal technologies within the District.

DMZ

Admin User/Pass Notebook Portal

User/Pass Internet Service Public Provider

INTERNAL NETWORK

Firewall

LAUSD.NET Internet Sites Misc School Office External Conten Links A A Internal User t

Misc School School Office Conten Y B B t PIC Schoolhool School Office APPS/ Databases ZZ C C DBs Externally Hosted School Sites Hosted

User/Pass FRDB School Y

Firewall (Blocks User/Pass External IP School Z access) DSS Portal

6.3 User Systems Domain User systems include devices that an individual uses to communicate, access applications, and extract data in the performance of their responsibilities. There is support for over 115,000 desktop-class computers, for both Apple (e.g., Power PC) and Intel (e.g., Pentium I/II/III/IV) architectures. LAUSD has established standards for the procurement, management, and support of these systems. The District defines the minimum acceptable standards for hardware and software annually. Schools and offices purchase equipment off the District contracts. Over the last three years, the District has been aggressively working to increase the number of workstations available for staff and student populations. The District has met the goals for having one-computer to a six-student ratio.

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There is a consistent method for providing help desk and on site maintenance support. The District has a central contract for purchasing computers and servers and continues to investigate the leveraging of a District-wide licensing agreement as a cost saving measure for software.

6.4 Information Security Domain In addition to the network infrastructure and upgrade of the application environment, the District has major initiatives to secure the overall IT environment and to safeguard District data. Along these lines, major planning, policy making, and procedural improvements have been made. The following graphic provides an architectural view of the current information security domain.

The following table lists specific network devices that provide primary support for the District’s information security policies.

Device Purpose Packeteer While primarily designed to enforce quality of service requirements for Web applications, Packeteer devices are also used to block applications that pose a security risk or that otherwise violate District policies. These applications include so-called Peer- To-Peer file sharing applications such as Kazaa. Network IDS Detect and log network intrusion attempts, to provide information to ITD Security on current security threats and to trace serious intrusion efforts to their source.

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Device Purpose Firewall cluster Manage network traffic between the internal District network, the external Internet, and various specific subnets based on security requirements. VPN Concentrator Support secure remote access to District resources to designated users having authenticated VPN accounts. VPN DMZ A subnet defined via firewall rules, to provide restricted access to the LAUSD WAN for remote VPN users. Dial-in DMZ A subnet defined via firewall rules, to provide restricted access to the LAUSD WAN for remote dial-in users. Web DMZ 1,2,3 A set of separated subnets designed to provide external Internet access to publicly available District services. The three separate DMZ zones are designed to house servers subject to different security practices. Websense Cluster Filters content and blocks access to Internet sites to enforce District policies and regulations governing appropriate content. LDAP Cluster (OID) A centralized server for managing District employee information, including network, server, and application access. The LDAP cluster provides a single point of management for non-student user accounts. Routers (with access Restrict network traffic between schools and the District network to deter malicious lists) software and other security breaches. Syslog server A central repository for server and network device event logs. Syslog is a standardized service supported by a variety of devices for formatting and transmitting event log information.

6.5 Intrusion Detection Systems Intrusion Detection Systems, a low-voltage security system, have primarily been installed as part of the BB Bond Safety and Technology program. Approximately 500 school sites have the newer digital intrusion detection systems.

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The Intrusion Detection System network topology and equipment location relationships are shown in the figure below.

These systems--separately and independently--communicate an alarm or trouble incident to the school law enforcement agency, LASPD. The notification is performed through auto-dialer and modem capabilities contained in the central security control unit located in each school. Upon a sensor activation or system irregularity, the control unit dials the central law enforcement location and annunciates the location and the nature of the alarm or problem.

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7. STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS The District has established standards and specifications in most of its technology functional areas. Some of the standards are still evolving, especially in the application and database areas where platforms for the ERP solutions have not been decided or in the Web application area where two development environments might exist.

7.1 IT Related Construction Specifications When installing, upgrading, and/or maintaining IT systems, contractors and vendors must stay current with the District’s construction specifications. These specifications, listed in the table below, are actively maintained and updated, and are therefore subject to change. Comprehensive listings of current LAUSD specifications are available in separate documents.

Specification Description

25135 Cable Tray Used to provide specifications for wire mesh cable management systems, tray sections, couplers, hangers, bonding and grounding conductors, and other materials required to provide a complete cable management system. 25568 Premise Wiring – Specifications to support the installation of premise wiring at existing facilities to Existing Facilities include LAN/WAN cable (UTP Cat 5e, and 62.5 micron multimode fiber ), low voltage wiring, telephony wiring, and signal terminal cabinets. 25569 Premise Wiring – Specifications to support the installation of premise wiring at new facilities to New Facilities include LAN/WAN cable (UTP Cat 6, and 50 micron multimode fiber ), low voltage wiring, telephony wiring, and signal terminal cabinets. 25570 Quality Assurance, Addresses test and acceptance criteria and describes specific test procedures to Test and Acceptance be performed during the acceptance testing for Los Angeles Unified School Requirements District New Construction, Safety & Technology and Modernization Projects involving LAN, PABX, VTC, Convergence and WLAN equipment and associated cable plants. 25720 Intrusion Detection Supports the installation of Intrusion Detection systems to include infrared System motion detectors and associated power supplies, batteries, cables, door switches and cables, controllers, graphic annunciator, expansion modules, power modules and batteries, telephone connectors and cables, connections to fire alarm control panels, connections to main telephone terminal boards and connections to fire sprinkler report relays. 25723 Telecommunications Used for installing and connecting Owner furnished telecommunications Systems equipment including PBX, cabinet, attendant consoles, and telephone instruments. Telecommunications system shall include provisions for paging over PA system. 25725 Closed Circuit TV For procurement of supplying and installing digital closed circuit television System – New Facilities (CCTV) and audio surveillance, including card access control systems for subterranean parking structures. 25725 Closed Circuit TV For procurement of supplying and installing digital closed circuit television System – Existing Facilities (CCTV) , including required cameras, terminal cabinets, conduits, cables, monitors, switchers, digital video controller, software, connectors, and other required materials and equipment.

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Specification Description

25760 Video Deals with supplying and installing all equipment necessary for implementing a Teleconferencing System VTC infrastructure at LAUSD, i.e. provide a VTC solution capable of achieving minimum requirements for real-time business-quality (i.e., 30 fps at 384 Kbps) video distribution, using industry standard CODECs. 25780 Convergence Specifications to support District’s efforts to converge voice, video and data onto its LAN/WAN network. 25805 Local Area Network Supports installation of LAN equipment (including Wireless LAN) materials and Systems interoperability. Includes the installation, connecting, and testing of the networking system, including all components, required cabinets, terminals. 25810 Wireless LAN Describes the equipment, installation, integration, configuration, testing, training, (WLAN) documentation, standards, and acceptance criteria, necessary for acquiring and implementing IEEE 802.11a/b/g Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems at LAUSD. 25821 Public Address and To support the installation and connecting of a central rack, with a public address Intercommunication (PA) system, including all call paging access from the PBX. System shall Systems interface with a master clock system for a class change signaling system and with the Intercommunications systems. This specification also supports the installation of Intercommunication hardware, which shall provide the capacity for internal communication between operator (main office) and selected classrooms. 25822 Autonomous Public Deals with furnishing a complete autonomous public address (PA) system in Address Systems – Small multi-purpose rooms and/or small gymnasiums for Primary Centers and Gymnasiums elementary schools. 25823 Autonomous Public Furnish a complete autonomous public address (PA) sound system in auditorium Address Systems – of middle and high schools. Auditoriums 25824 Autonomous Public Furnish a complete gymnasium autonomous public address (PA) system for Address Systems – middle and high schools. Gymnasiums 25825 Autonomous Public Furnish a complete athletic field autonomous public address (PA) system. Address Systems – Athletic Fields 25850 Television Systems - Used to provide and install a complete and operating RF Distribution System Legacy including all required amplifiers, couplers, outlet devices, cables, connectors and all other materials. System transmission medium will use coax/copper cable. 25851 Television Systems - Used to provide and install a complete and operating RF Distribution System Digital including all required digital/analog headend receivers, digital QAM modulators, amplifiers, couplers, outlet devices, cables, connectors and all other materials. System transmission medium will use coax/copper cable. 25852 Television Systems Used to provide and install a complete and operating RF Distribution System (Fiber Optic Distribution) including support for all required digital signal transmission, amplifiers, QAM support, couplers, outlet devices, cables, connectors and all other materials. System transmission medium will use fiber optic cable.

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