Sketch of the Geology of the Birmingham District: with Special
3 13 SKETCH OF THE GEOLOGY OF THE BIRMINGHAM DISTRICT. WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LONG EXCURSION OF J8g8. By PROFESSOR C. LAPWORTH, LL.D., F.R.S., WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY PROFESSOR W. W. WATTS, \I.A., SEC.G.S, AND W. JEROME HARRISON, FG.S. PLATES X, XI, XII. [Read july lsi, 1898.] CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTIO;'ol- I. PHYSIOGRAPHY. 3J3 II. GEOLOGY. .. 319 LOCAL ROCK FORMATIONS. .... .. 323 ARCH.£AN or PI<E-CAMBRIAN Rocks of Malvern, Wrekin, Barnt Green, Caldecote, and Charnwood 325 CAMBRIAN SVSTEM- Wrekin, Malvern, N uneaten, and Lower Lickey 335 SILVRIAN SYSTEM- Silurian in General, Malvern and Abberley, Central Areas, Lower Lickey, Walsall, Dudley, etc. 352 CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM- South Staffordshire Coalfield, Lower Lickey, East Warwickshire, and Severn Coalfields 362 PERMIAN SYSTEM 371 TRIASSIC SYSTEM . 377 POST-TRIASSIC FORMATIONS. 388 PETROLOGICAL KOTES, Nuneaton, Lickey, and South Staffordshire Coalfield ..... 389 ANCIENT GLACIERS of the Midland Counties . 400 HISTORY OF DISCOVERY in the Birmingham District 409 REFERENCES 41+ INTRODUCTION. I. Physiography. H E City of Birmingham lies almost exactly in the geographical T centre of England and Wales. Its distance from the three nearest seaports on the opposite sides of the island, Liverpool, Bristol and Boston, is about eighty-five miles in each case; and its distance from London, Hull, and Southampton is only a few miles more. The region which we denominate the" Birmingham District," is included within a radius of about thirty-five miles from the city. Within this radius we have not only the populous area of the Black Country, witn the large towns of Wolverhampton, Dudley, Walsall, Wednesbury, and West Bromwich; but also the more distant towns of Worcester, Malvern, Wellington, Stafford, AUGUST, 1898.1 25 l' L~O!j..t''yJ~ C;.> ~ ~be ~ ,?q,, s: ---.;:...
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