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AI-18 B Cell IFN-Γ Receptor Signalling Promotes Autoimmune Germinal

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AI-18 B Cell IFN-Γ Receptor Signalling Promotes Autoimmune Germinal Abstracts Lupus Sci Med: first published as 10.1136/lupus-2016-000179.18 on 31 August 2016. Downloaded from activity is expected. The failure of F(ab’)2 fragments to bind is humoral autoimmunity following stem cell transplantation; and, unexpected, pointing to a critical role for the Fc portion of the rapid IgM- and IgG-mediated antibody responses during patho- IgG molecule in stabilising antibody interaction. The Fc portion gen challenges. can contribute to anti-DNA by inducing a conformational change Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National in the binding sites; contacting DNA; or forming Fc:Fc interac- Institutes of Health (NIH) under award numbers: R01HL075453 tions to increase valency. This binding pattern can be called Fc- (DJR), R01AI084457 (DJR), R01AI071163 (DJR), DP3DK097672 dependent monogamous bivalency. The findings suggest that (DJR) and K08AI112993 (SWJ). The content is solely the responsi- agents that affect the Fc portion may be useful to therapeutically bility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official inhibit anti-DNA interactions. views of the NIH. Additional support provided by the Benaroya Family Gift Fund (DJR); by the ACR REF Rheumatology Scientist Development Award (SWJ); and by the Arnold Lee Smith Endowed AI-17 BAFF PROMOTES SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNITY VIA TACI- Professorship for Research Faculty Development (SWJ). DEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF TRANSITIONAL B CELLS 1Holly M Jacobs, 1Christopher D Thouvenel, 1Sarah Leach, 1Tanvi Arkatkar, 1,2,3,4David J Rawlings*, 1,3,4Shaun W Jackson. 1Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 2Departments of AI-18 B CELL IFN-g RECEPTOR SIGNALLING PROMOTES Immunology; 3Departments of Immunology and Pediatrics; 4University of Washington School AUTOIMMUNE GERMINAL CENTRESVIA CELL-INTRINSIC of Medicine Seattle, WA, USA INDUCTION OF BCL-6 1,2 1 1 3 1 10.1136/lupus-2016-000179.17 Shaun W Jackson*, Holly M Jacobs, Tanvi Arkatkar, Elizabeth M Dam, Nicole E Scharping, 1,4Nikita S Kolhatkar, 5Baidong Hou, 3Jane H Buckner, 1,2,4David J Rawlings. 1Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; 2University of Washington School Background Although excess levels of B cell activating factor of 3 4 the TNF family (BAFF, also known as BLyS) have been impli- of Medicine; Departments of Immunology and Pediatrics; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; 5Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China cated in the pathogenesis of SLE, how excess BAFF promotes breaks in B cell tolerance is not completely understood. Trans- 10.1136/lupus-2016-000179.18 genic mice (Tg) overexpressing BAFF develop an autoimmune disease resembling human SLE. BAFF binds to distinct receptors Background Dysregulated germinal centrecenter (GC) responses expressed on B cells, the BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) and transmem- are implicated in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune dis- brane activator and CAML interactor (TACI). Since BAFF-R dele- eases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although tion results in loss of mature B cells, BAFF-R-dependent signals type 1 interferons (IFNs) are most frequently associated with are presumed to explain BAFF-mediated autoimmunity. How- lupus pathogenesis, type 2 interferon (IFN-g) has also been ever, potential important roles for TACI in lupus pathogenesis shown to promote SLE. However, the respective impacts of these have not been addressed. cytokines in promoting B cell activation during humoral autoim- Materials and methods After crossing BAFF-Tg and Taci-/- mice, munity have not been addressed. we used standard immunologic techniques to test the impact of Materials and methods We recently developed a chimeric mur- TACI on BAFF-driven autoimmunity. ine lupus model in which Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein Results Despite prior evidence of a negative role for TACI in B (WAS)-deficient B cells promote spontaneous humoral autoim- http://lupus.bmj.com/ cell activation, we discovered that TACI deletion resulted in a munity (Jackson, et al. J Immunol 2014). An important advantage striking loss of class-switched serum autoantibodies. Loss of of the WAS chimaera model is that dysregulated immune serum autoantibodies also correlated with protection from responses are limited to the B cell compartment, allowing genetic immune-complex glomerulonephritis in Taci-/-.BAFF-Tg mice. manipulation in a B cell-intrinsic fashion. In the current study, we Importantly, lack of autoimmunity was not explained by altera- contrast the impact B cell-intrinsic type 1 IFN vs. IFN-g signals tions in peripheral B cell development, since both BAFF-Tg and on autoimmune GC formation and the pathogenesis of SLE. Taci-/-.BAFF-Tg mice exhibited similar B cell hyperplasia, with Results Although type 1 IFN prominently enhanced B cell equivalent expansion of the follicular (FM) and marginal zone responses in vitro, B cell-intrinsic IFNAR deletion exerted sur- on September 25, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. (MZ) compartments. Rather, whereas surface TACI expression is prisingly minimal impacts on class-switched autoantibody titers usually limited to mature B cells, we discovered that excess BAFF and spontaneous GC formation in vivo. This finding suggested integrates with dual B cell receptor (BCR)- and MyD88-depend- that other cytokines promote B cell activation in the WAS chi- ent signals to promote TACI upregulation on transitional B cells. maera model. Notably, B cells directly initiated CD4+ T cell acti- The novel TACIhi subset of transitional B cells from BAFF-Tg vation and T follicular helper cell formation via MHC Class II mice are characterised by an activated, cycling phenotype and (MHC-II)-dependent antigen presentation. In addition, activated expressed activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and T-bet. T cells exhibited prominent IFN-g production that was lost fol- Single-cell cloning of B cell receptors from TACIhi vs TACIlo tran- lowing B cell-intrinsic MHC-II deletion, suggesting a direct role sitional B cells demonstrated that the TACIhi cell subset is specifi- for IFN-g in promoting autoimmune GC formation. Strikingly, B cally enriched for autoreactivity and exhibits evidence of somatic cell-intrinsic deletion of the IFN-g receptor was sufficient to hypermutation. Finally, consistent with a direct role in autoim- abrogate spontaneous GCs, class-switched autoantibodies and sys- mune pathogenesis, TACIhi transitional B cells from BAFF-Tg mice temic autoimmunity. Mechanistically, although IFN-g receptor spontaneously produce class-switched autoantibodies ex vivo. signals increased B cell T-bet expression, B cell-intrinsic deletion Conclusion Our combined findings highlight a novel mechanism of T-bet exerted an isolated impact on class-switch recombination whereby BAFF promotes humoral autoimmunity via TACI- to pathogenic IgG2c autoantibody subclasses without impacting dependent activation of transitional B cells. In addition to SLE GC development. Rather, in both murine and human B cells, and other autoimmune disorders characterised by elevated BAFF, IFN-g synergized with BCR, TLR and/or CD40 activation signals dysregulated transitional B cell activation is likely to be relevant a to promote cell-intrinsic BCL-6 expression. Finally, IFN-g driven range of other clinical scenarios, including: autoimmune disease BCL-6 expression in B cells was blocked using clinically-relevant relapse after treatment with B cell-depletion therapies; de novo Janus kinase inhibitors, ruxolitinib and tofacitinib. LUPUS 2016;3(Suppl 1):A1–A80 A9 Abstracts Lupus Sci Med: first published as 10.1136/lupus-2016-000179.18 on 31 August 2016. Downloaded from Conclusions Our study demonstrates that B cell-intrinsic IFN-g dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, dichloroacetate (DCA). The receptor signals promote lupus pathogenesis via formation of drugs were provided in drinking water or mouse chow for 4–8 spontaneous, autoimmune GCs. In addition, we have uncovered wks. NZB X NZW F1 (BWF1) and BXSB.Yaa mouse models of a novel cell-intrinsic program whereby IFN-g, together with lupus were evaluated in prevention studies and in treatment of BCR-, TLR- and/or CD40 signals, orchestrates B cell expression mice documented to be undergoing autoimmune disease. Longi- of the GC master transcription regulator BCL-6. Our combined tudinal and terminal immunophenotyping was performed using findings suggest that this IFN-g signalling program may be a flow cytometric, serological, histopathological analyses. potential therapeutic target in SLE. Results 2 DG, MET, DCA and RAPA, and combinations thereof Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National were applied prior to the onset of autoimmune disease to BWF1 Institutes of Health under award numbers: R01HL075453 and BXSB. Yaa mice. MET and DCA showed minimal effects and (DJR), R01AI084457 (DJR), R01AI071163 (DJR), RAPA resulted in partial attenuation. In contrast, 2 DG acted DP3DK097672 (DJR) and K08AI112993 (SWJ). The content is potently to abrogate multiple disease biomarkers while not caus- solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily ing immunodeficiency. Given the strong immunologically normal- represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. ising effects of 2 DG in disease prevention, we performed Additional support provided by the Benaroya Family Gift Fund therapeutic interventions in which 2 DG was supplied for 8 (DJR); by the ACR REF Rheumatology Scientist Development weeks to already diseased BWF1 and BXSB.Yaa mice. Within 4 Award (SWJ); and by the Arnold Lee Smith
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