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Recording Sound Effects

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Recording Sound Effects PRODUCING GREAT SOUND for DIGITAL VIDEO Jay Rose EXPERT SERIES San Francisco, CA • New York, NY • Lawrence, KS Published by CMP Books an imprint of CMP Media LLC Main office: 600 Harrison Street, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA Tel: 415-947-6615; fax: 415-947-6015 www.cmpbooks.com email: [email protected] Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where CMP is aware of a trademark claim, the product name appears in initial capital letters, in all capital letters, or in accordance with the vendor’s capitalization preference. Readers should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information on trademarks and trademark registrations. All trademarks and registered trade- marks in this book are the property of their respective holders. Copyright © 2003 by Jay Rose, except where noted otherwise. Published by CMP Books, CMP Media LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distrib- uted in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher; with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. The publisher does not offer any warranties and does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information herein and is not responsible for any errors or omissions. The publisher assumes no liability for damages resulting from the use of the information in this book or for any infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties that would result from the use of this information. Acquisitions editor: Dorothy Cox Managing editor: Michelle O’Neal Layout design: Justin Fulmer Cover layout design: Damien Castaneda Distributed to the book trade in the U.S. by: Distributed in Canada by: Publishers Group West Jaguar Book Group 1700 Fourth Street 100 Armstrong Avenue Berkeley, CA 94710 Georgetown, Ontario M6K 3E7 Canada 1-800-788-3123 905-877-4483 For individual orders and for information on special discounts for quantity orders, please contact: CMP Books Distribution Center, 6600 Silacci Way, Gilroy, CA 95020 Tel: 1-800-500-6875 or 408-848-3854; fax: 408-848-5784 email: [email protected]; Web: www.cmpbooks.com Printed in the United States of America 06 07 5 4 3 ISBN: 1-57820-208-6 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................ix Introduction ...............................................................................xi It’s Not Rocket Science .............................................................................................. xi How This Book is Organized .................................................................................... xii About This Book and Audio Postproduction for Digital Video ................................. xii How to Create a Great Soundtrack (in a quarter page) ............................................ xiv Chapter 1 “Help! It Doesn’t Sound Right!” ................................. 1 Problems with On-camera Dialog ............................................................................... 1 Postproduction Audio Issues ....................................................................................... 5 Mix Problems ............................................................................................................ 10 Other Common Questions ........................................................................................ 12 Section I Audio Basics ........................................... 15 Chapter 2 How Sound Works....................................................17 Music-sicle? ............................................................................................................... 17 The Life of a Sound ................................................................................................... 18 Fast Pressure Changes are Heard as Sounds .............................................................. 20 Somewhat Slower Pressure Changes are Heard as Envelopes .................................... 23 Slow Changes of Pressure are Loudness .................................................................... 26 The Speed of Sound Matters to a Videographer ........................................................ 28 Very Slow Changes of Pressure are Weather ............................................................. 33 Chapter 3 How Digital Audio Works..........................................35 Why Digital? ............................................................................................................. 35 Turning Analog to Digital ......................................................................................... 38 Audio Data Reduction .............................................................................................. 49 iii iv Table of Contents Chapter 4 Audio on a Wire ...................................................... 53 Analog Wiring ...........................................................................................................53 Digital Wiring ............................................................................................................65 Section II Planning and Pre-production................... 69 Chapter 5 Planning for Sound ................................................. 71 The Need for Sound ...................................................................................................71 Think about the Overall Track ..................................................................................75 Elements of the Soundtrack ........................................................................................79 Spoken Words ............................................................................................................80 Music .........................................................................................................................83 Sound Effects .............................................................................................................87 Special Effects and Processing ....................................................................................88 The Layers of a Track ................................................................................................88 Chapter 6 Budgeting, Scheduling, and Pre-production ............ 91 Budgeting for Sound ..................................................................................................92 Allow Time for Sound ................................................................................................97 Checking Locations ..................................................................................................101 Section III Production Sound...................................109 Chapter 7 Microphones and Room Acoustics ......................... 111 About Microphones .................................................................................................111 Rooms and Recording ..............................................................................................129 Chapter 8 Production Mic Technique..................................... 133 Using Boom Mics .....................................................................................................135 Using Lavalieres .......................................................................................................145 Controlling Wind Noise ...........................................................................................151 Table of Contents v Using Wireless ......................................................................................................... 152 Room Tone ............................................................................................................. 161 Chapter 9 Production Recording............................................163 Getting Audio Into a Camera .................................................................................. 163 Camera Settings ...................................................................................................... 170 Mixers and Preamps ................................................................................................ 184 Double System ........................................................................................................ 190 Chapter 10 Recording Voice-Overs, ADR, and Effects...............201 The Voice-over ........................................................................................................ 201 Engineering a Voice Recording ................................................................................ 202 Directing the Voice-over .......................................................................................... 212 Recording Sound Effects ......................................................................................... 223 Section IV Postproduction...................................... 233 Overview and Tricks ............................................................................................... 233 Chapter 11 Postproduction Hardware ......................................243 Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 243 Computer Input/Output .......................................................................................... 254 The
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