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Evidence for Non-Finite-State Computation in a Human Social System Simon DeDeo∗ Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA (Dated: December 19, 2012) We investigate the computational structure of a paradigmatic example of distributed so- cial interaction: that of the open-source Wikipedia community. The typical computational approach to modeling such a system is to rely on finite-state machines. However, we find strong evidence in this system for the emergence of processing powers over and above the finite-state. Thus, Wikipedia, understood as an information processing system, must have access to (at least one) effectively unbounded resource. The nature of this resource is such that one observes far longer runs of cooperative behavior than one would expect using finite- state models. We provide evidence that the emergence of this non-finite-state computation is driven by collective interaction effects. Social systems—particularly human social systems—process information. From the price- setting functions of free-market economies [1, 2] to resource management in traditional communi- ties [3], from deliberations in large-scale democracies [4, 5] to the formation of opinions and spread of reputational information in organizations [6] and social groups [7, 8], it has been recognized that such groups can perform functions analogous to (and often better than) engineered systems. Such functional roles are found in groups in addition to their contingent historical aspects and, when described mathematically, may be compared across cultures and times. The computational phenomena implicit in social systems are only now, with the advent of large, high-resolution data-sets, coming under systematic, empirical study at large scales. -
From Big Data to Econophysics and Its Use to Explain Complex Phenomena
Journal of Risk and Financial Management Review From Big Data to Econophysics and Its Use to Explain Complex Phenomena Paulo Ferreira 1,2,3,* , Éder J.A.L. Pereira 4,5 and Hernane B.B. Pereira 4,6 1 VALORIZA—Research Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal 2 Department of Economic Sciences and Organizations, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal 3 Centro de Estudos e Formação Avançada em Gestão e Economia, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7000 Évora, Portugal 4 Programa de Modelagem Computacional, SENAI Cimatec, Av. Orlando Gomes 1845, 41 650-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil; [email protected] (É.J.A.L.P.); [email protected] (H.B.B.P.) 5 Instituto Federal do Maranhão, 65075-441 São Luís-MA, Brazil 6 Universidade do Estado da Bahia, 41 150-000 Salvador, BA, Brazil * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 June 2020; Accepted: 10 July 2020; Published: 13 July 2020 Abstract: Big data has become a very frequent research topic, due to the increase in data availability. In this introductory paper, we make the linkage between the use of big data and Econophysics, a research field which uses a large amount of data and deals with complex systems. Different approaches such as power laws and complex networks are discussed, as possible frameworks to analyze complex phenomena that could be studied using Econophysics and resorting to big data. Keywords: big data; complexity; networks; stock markets; power laws 1. Introduction Big data has become a very popular expression in recent years, related to the advance of technology which allows, on the one hand, the recovery of a great amount of data, and on the other hand, the analysis of that data, benefiting from the increasing computational capacity of devices. -
Will Democracy Survive Big Data and Artificial Intelligence?
P O L I C Y & E T H I C S Will Democracy Survive Big Data and Artificial Intelligence? We are in the middle of a technological upheaval that will transform the way society is organized. We must make the right decisions now By Dirk Helbing, Bruno S. Frey, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ernst Hafen, Michael Hagner, Yvonne Hofstetter, Jeroen van den Hoven, Roberto V. Zicari, Andrej Zwitter on February 25, 2017 Credit: Getty Images Editor’s Note: This article first appeared in Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Scientific American’s sister publication, as “Digitale Demokratie statt Datendiktatur.” “Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one’s understanding without guidance from another.” —Immanuel Kant, “What is Enlightenment?” (1784) Ad Ad closed by Report this ad Why this ad? Hire Digital Employees Today Unlike chatbots, IPsoft’s cognitive agent Amelia does more than just recognize keywords. IPsoft Inc. Open A D V E R T I S E M E N T The digital revolution is in full swing. How will it change our world? The amount of data we produce doubles every year. In other words: in 2016 we produced as much data as in the entire history of humankind through 2015. Every minute we produce hundreds of thousands of Google searches and Facebook posts. These contain information that reveals how we think and feel. Soon, the things around us, possibly even our clothing, also will be connected with the Internet. It is estimated that in 10 years’ time there will be 150 billion networked measuring sensors, 20 times more than people on Earth. -
Business School Academic Vitae with Experience
Curriculum Vita Brian Uzzi Kellogg Graduate School of Management Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60202 www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/uzzi EMPLOYMENT Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University Richard L. Thomas Professor of Leadership and Organizational Change 2006 - Professor of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences 2007 – McCormick School of Engineering (Courtesy) Professor of Sociology 2005 – Weinberg School of Arts and Sciences (Courtesy) Co-Director, Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems (NICO) 2008- Director, Kellogg Architectures of Collaboration (KACI) 2013- Associate Professor of Management 1996 - 2004 Assistant Professor of Management 1993 - 1995 Harvard Business School Spring 2012 Visiting Professor Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley Warren E. and Carol Spieker Chair in Leadership 2007-2008 University of Chicago Graduate School of Business Visiting Professor of Strategy 2004-2005 Santa Fe Institute, Summer Fellow 2002 & 2003 INSEAD Visiting Professor of Strategy and Organization Behavior 1999-2000 Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Faculty Fellow 1998-2000 1 Oct-20 EDUCATION PhD Sociology, 1994 [Advisor: Mark Granovetter] State University of New York, Stony Brook MS Organizational Psychology, 1989 Carnegie-Mellon University BA Business Economics, 1982 Hofstra University DISTINGUISHED SCHOLARSHIP AWARDS Network Science 2020 Fellow of the Network Science Society Computer Science 2016 World Wide Web (WWW) Best Paper Prize (115 submitted papers) General Science 2011 Vanguard Award for Science - 3rd best piece of scientific research in Spain Management 2009 Association Corporate Growth Chicago Fellow Award 1994 Louis Pondy Best Paper Dissertation Award, Academy of Management Association 1992 Institute for Management Science Dissertation Proposal Award (2nd place) Sociology 2015 Star-Nelkin Science, Knowledge and Technology Award, American Sociological Association, Honorable Mention 2008 W. -
Emotions and Activity Profiles of Influential Users in Product Reviews Communities
Research Collection Journal Article Emotions and activity profiles of influential users in product reviews communities Author(s): Tanase, Dorian; Garcia, David; Garas, Antonios; Schweitzer, Frank Publication Date: 2015-11 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000108082 Originally published in: Frontiers in Physics 3, http://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2015.00087 Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 17 November 2015 doi: 10.3389/fphy.2015.00087 Emotions and Activity Profiles of Influential Users in Product Reviews Communities Dorian Tanase, David Garcia *, Antonios Garas and Frank Schweitzer Chair of Systems Design, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Viral marketing seeks to maximize the spread of a campaign through an online social network, often targeting influential nodes with high centrality. In this article, we analyze behavioral aspects of influential users in trust-based product reviews communities, quantifying emotional expression, helpfulness, and user activity level. We focus on two independent product review communities, Dooyoo and Epinions, in which users can write product reviews and define trust links to filter product recommendations. Following the patterns of social contagion processes, we measure user social influence by means of the k-shell decomposition of trust networks. For each of these users, we apply sentiment analysis to extract their extent of positive, negative, and neutral emotional expression. In addition, we quantify the level of feedback they received in their reviews, the length of their contributions, and their level of activity over their lifetime in the community. -
Brain & Cognitive Science 2016
Brain & Cognitive Science 2016 press.princeton.edu Contents 1 general interest 3 psychology New New 6 Phishing for Phools How to Clone a The Economics of Mammoth social science Manipulation and Deception The Science of De-Extinction George A. Akerlof & Beth Shapiro Robert J. Shiller 9 “[A] fascinating book. A great biology & “This fun but serious book tells popular science title, and one neuroscience how the standard story about that makes it clear that a future free markets often gets it wrong. you may have imagined is already 11 Indeed, Akerlof and Shiller suggest underway.” that we should drop the view —Library Journal, starred review philosophy of markets as generally benign “As a researcher who is shaping institutions. The argument is laid this eld, Shapiro is the perfect out with the help of fascinating 12 guide to the ongoing discussion anecdotes, the language is con- best of the backlist about de-extinction. While many versational, and the book is easy news items and conference to read.” presentations have focused on 13 —Dani Rodrik, author of The the technology required to create index | order form Globalization Paradox extinct life, Shapiro carefully “Phishing for Phools is a coherent considers every step along the and highly plausible explanation journey to de-extinction, from of why markets—although usually choosing a species to revive to bene cial—can lead to undesir- making sure they don’t become able outcomes. The book takes extinct all over again. Whether an intriguing approach and gives you’re all for de-extinction or many interesting examples.” against it, Shapiro’s sharp, witty, —Diane Coyle, author of GDP: A and impeccably-argued book is Brief but A ectionate History essential for informing those who Ever since Adam Smith, the central will decide what life will become.” teaching of economics has been —Brian Switek, NationalGeo- that free markets provide us with graphic.com’s Laelaps blog material well-being, as if by an in- “Beth Shapiro. -
Will Democracy Survive Big Data and Artificial Intelligence?
We use cookies to personalize content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyze S C R O L L T O T O P our traffic. We also share information about your Cookie Settings ✓ Accept Cookies P O L I C Y & E T H ❯I C S use of our site with our social media, advertising and anaWlytiiclsl pDartenemrs.o Pcrrivaacyy P Soliucyrvive Big Data and Artificial Intelligence? We are in the middle of a technological upheaval that will transform the way society is organized. We must make the right decisions now By Dirk Helbing, Bruno S. Frey, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ernst Hafen, Michael Hagner, Yvonne Hofstetter, Jeroen van den Hoven, Roberto V. Zicari, Andrej Zwitter on February 25, 2017 Credit: Getty Images Editor’s Note: This article first appeared in Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Scientific American’s sister publication, as “Digitale Demokratie statt Datendiktatur.” “Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one’s understanding without guidance from another.” —Immanuel Kant, “What is Enlightenment?” (1784) We use cookies to personalize content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyze our traffic. We also share information about your ❯ Cookie Settings ✓ Accept Cookies use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners. Privacy Policy NYU Stern NYC EMBA Work Full-Time While Earning Your MBA. Convenient Friday & Saturday Classes. Learn More! NYU A D V E R T I S E M E N T The digital revolution is in full swing. How will it change our world? The amount of data we produce doubles every year. -
Selling Sex: What Determines Rates and Popularity? an Analysis of 11,500 Online Profiles, Culture, Health & Sexuality
This is an authors’ copy of: Alicia Mergenthaler & Taha Yasseri (2021) Selling sex: what determines rates and popularity? An analysis of 11,500 online profiles, Culture, Health & Sexuality. DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2021.1901145 Selling sex: what determines rates and popularity? An analysis of 11,500 online profiles Alicia Mergenthalera, Taha Yasseri*abc aOxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; bSchool of Sociology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; cGeary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland *Corresponding Author: Taha Yasseri: [email protected] Abstract Sex work, or the exchange of sexual services for money or goods, is ubiquitous across eras and cultures. However, the practice of selling sex is often hidden due to stigma and the varying legal status of sex work. Online platforms that sex workers use to advertise services have become an increasingly important means of studying a market that is largely hidden. Although prior literature has primarily shed light on sex work from a public health or policy perspective (focusing largely on female sex workers), there are few studies that empirically research patterns of service provision in online sex work. This study investigated the determinants of pricing and popularity in the market for commercial sexual services online by using data from the largest UK network of online sexual services, a platform that is the industry-standard for sex workers. While the size of these influences varies across genders, nationality, age and the services provided are shown to be primary drivers of rates and popularity in sex work. Keywords: sex work, popularity dynamics, gender, online marketplace, UK Introduction In this article, we analyse a dataset from AdultWork.com, a UK-based online platform to determine drivers behind pricing and popularity in the market for sex work. -
Taha Yasseri
Curriculum Vitae TAHA YASSERI Personal Address Birth: 06. Sep. 1984 (27), Tehran Department of Theoretical Physics Nationality: Iranian Budapest University of Technology and Economics Marital status: single Budafoki ´ut8. http://www.phy.bme.hu/∼yasseri H1111 Budapest, Hungary CURRENT POSITION Post-doctoral fellow in European Commission project ICTeCollective, Research Group of Prof. J´anos Kert´esz. Department of Theoretical Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary. Since September 2010 WORK EXPERIENCES • Assistant Scientist, Institute for theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universit¨at G¨ottingen,Germany. January 2009 - July 2010 • Researcher, SFB 602, Complex Structures in Condensed Matter from Atomic to Mesoscopic Scales, Georg-August-Universit¨atG¨ottingen,Germany. January 2007 - January 2009 • Member of Scientific Committee of the First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics National Competition, Young Scholars Club, Tehran, Iran. November 2003 - March 2005 • Teacher of Physics, Farzanegan and Allame Helli High Schools under the supervision of National Or- ganization for Developing Exceptional Talents, Tehran, Iran. September 2002 - April 2004 • Teacher of Physics Laboratory, Young Scholars Club, Tehran, Iran. April 2002 - September 2005 EDUCATION PhD, Physics, Faculty of Physics, Georg-August-Universit¨at G¨ottingen,Germany. January 2007 - January 2010 TOPIC: Pattern formation at ion-sputtered surfaces. (Adviser: Prof. Dr. R. Kree, Co-adviser: Prof. Dr. A.K. Hartmann) Secondary topics: Computational Neuroscience and Physics of Polymers. Master of Science, Physics, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran. September 2005 - September 2006 THESIS - Localization in scale free networks. (Adviser: Prof. Dr. M. Reza Rahimi Tabar) Bachelor of Science, Physics, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran. -
Modeling the Rise in Internet-Based Petitions Taha Yasseri, Scott A
Yasseri et al. RESEARCH Modeling the rise in Internet-based petitions Taha Yasseri, Scott A. Hale and Helen Z. Margetts Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, OX1 3JS Oxford, UK Abstract Contemporary collective action, much of which involves social media and other Internet-based platforms, leaves a digital imprint which may be harvested to better understand the dynamics of mobilization. Petition signing is an example of collective action which has gained in popularity with rising use of social media and provides such data for the whole population of petition signatories for a given platform. This paper tracks the growth curves of all 20,000 petitions to the UK government over 18 months, analyzing the rate of growth and outreach mechanism. Previous research has suggested the importance of the first day to the ultimate success of a petition, but has not examined early growth within that day, made possible here through hourly resolution in the data. The analysis shows that the vast majority of petitions do not achieve any measure of success; over 99 percent fail to get the 10,000 signatures required for an official response and only 0.1 percent attain the 100,000 required for a parliamentary debate. We analyze the data through a multiplicative process model framework to explain the heterogeneous growth of signatures at the population level. We define and measure an average outreach factor for petitions and show that it decays very fast (reducing to 0.1% after 10 hours). After 24 hours, a petition's fate is virtually set. The findings seem to challenge conventional analyses of collective action from economics and political science, where the production function has been assumed to follow an S-shaped curve. -
Differences Across French, German, UK, and US GDPR Media Discourse
The Kaleidoscope of Privacy: Differences across French, German, UK, and US GDPR Media Discourse Mary Sanford1 and Taha Yasseri1,2,3,4 Abstract Conceptions of privacy differ by culture. In the Internet age, digital tools continuously challenge the way users, technologists, and governments define, value, and protect privacy. National and supranational entities attempt to regulate privacy and protect data managed online. The European Union passed the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which took effect on 25 May 2018. The research presented here draws on two years of media reporting on GDPR from French, German, UK, and US sources. We use the unsupervised machine learning method of topic modelling to compare the thematic structure of the news articles across time and geographic regions. Our work emphasises the relevance of regional differences regarding valuations of privacy and potential obstacles to the implementation of unilateral data protection regulation such as GDPR. We find that the topics and trends over time in GDPR media coverage of the four countries reflect the differences found across their traditional privacy cultures. Keywords GDPR, Privacy, Discourse, Topic Modelling, Cambridge Analytica The digital revolution in our societies and particularly the Internet-based technologies have complicated how individual users, business owners, and governments handle complex issues such as privacy. The ways in which many people use these technologies generate copious amounts of data that require varying degrees of protection. As such, -
Soft Facts and Digital Behavioural Influencing After the 2017 Terror Attacks Full Report
FEBRUARY 2020 SOFT FACTS AND DIGITAL BEHAVIOURAL INFLUENCING AFTER THE 2017 TERROR ATTACKS FULL REPORT Martin Innes Crime and Security Research Institute, Cardiff University This is the full report from the Soft Facts And Digital Behavioural Influencing project, funded by CREST. To find out more about this project, and to see other outputs from the team, visit: www.crestresearch.ac.uk/projects/soft-facts-digital-behavioural-influencing This project reflects a growing awareness and concern amongst policymakers and practitioners about how the community impacts of terrorism and other major crime events are frequently amplified as a result of rumours, deliberately generated ‘false news’ and conspiracy theories. There is interest also in how such effects can be countered through deploying artfully constructed counter-narratives. About CREST The Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats (CREST) is a national hub for maximising behavioural and social science research into understanding, countering and mitigating security threats. It is an independent centre, commissioned by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and funded in part by the UK security and intelligence agencies (ESRC Award: ES/N009614/1). www.crestresearch.ac.uk ©2020 CREST Creative Commons 4.0 BY-NC-SA licence. www.crestresearch.ac.uk/copyright TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................5 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................7