J. Great Lakes Res. 25(3):515–566 Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1999

Checklist of Diatoms from the Laurentian Great Lakes. II

Eugene F. Stoermer1, Russell G. Kreis, Jr.2, and Norman A. Andresen1,* 1Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences 501 East University The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 49109-1090 2U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth 9311 Groh Road Grosse Ile, Michigan 48138

ABSTRACT. An updated diatom (Bacillariophyta) checklist for the Great Lakes is provided. The pre- sent checklist supplants the preliminary checklist published in The Journal for Great Lakes Research in 1978 and effectively represents a 20-year update. A series of procedures were used in this update which included: a reexamination of taxa reported in the 1978 list, additions of taxa reported from the Great Lakes during the past 20 years, and a revision of taxonomy, commensurate with systematic and nomen- clatural changes which have occurred primarily during the past 8 years. 1488 diatom species or subordi- nate taxa are considered to be correct reports from the Great Lakes out of the 2188 diatom entities reported in the list. Of the 124 genera reported 105 are considered to be names in current use. The num- ber of diatom species reported represents a 16.5% increase and the number of genera reported repre- sents a 78% increase over those reported in the 1978 checklist. 13% of the species reported and 32% of the genera reported are due solely to nomenclatural changes. Results indicate that Great Lakes diatoms are a biodiverse component of the ecosystem, commensurate with the wide range of habitats found in the system. The present checklist indicates that most of the newly added species are primarily benthic or peri- phytic in nature and these represent largely understudied habitats. These results suggest that the present checklist may only represent approximately 70% or less of the extant diatom flora of the Great Lakes system. INDEX WORDS: Diatoms, Great Lakes, floristics, systematics, checklist, biodiversity, algae.

INTRODUCTION of the Great Lakes, including diatoms, have been of It appears particularly appropriate to update and serious concern for many years (Stoermer and Kreis revise the Preliminary Checklist of Diatoms (Bacil- 1978, Gannon and Robertson 1978, Gannon 1982, lariophyta) from the Laurentian Great Lakes (Stoer- Stoermer 1984). The intent of the checklist is to mer and Kreis 1978) at this time. Twenty years document the diatom flora of the Great Lakes, pro- have effectively elapsed since the past checklist vide a working tool for diatom taxonomists, and in was published and a moderate number of additional turn, promote the consistent identification and enu- taxa have been reported from the Great Lakes. meration of this group for more accurate use in There also appears to be a changing focus in Great basic and applied environmental studies. Lakes diatom and algal studies and significant sys- Presently, national and international effort is tematic and nomenclatural changes have occurred being exerted to computerize and formalize floristic during approximately the past 8 years. Lack of tax- and faunal systematic lists, develop ecological data- onomic treatments which cover the fauna and flora bases on an individual species basis, and ensure the stability and integrity of systematic collections (Sullivan and Charles 1994, ASC 1995, USDA *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 1996). A great deal of this effort is being driven by

515 516 Stoermer et al.

national programs which require the development had not been previously reported and was not on and use of indicators, including diatoms (Hirsch et the main list, it was then elevated onto the main list. al. 1988, Hunsaker and Carpentar 1990, Leahy et In some cases, synonyms were provided but were al. 1990, Paulsen et al. 1991, Hedtke et al. 1992, not elevated to the main list as a taxonomic report Gurtz 1993). It has been recognized that taxonomic from the Great Lakes, based upon best professional considerations and consistency are pivotal to suc- judgement as described below. cess. The authors intend to electronically cross- The first procedure conducted for the present up- check and link the Great Lakes diatom flora with date was a reexamination of taxa on the 1978 these ongoing database efforts. checklist and consisted of several aspects. Overall, The checklist provides diatom records from the spelling and other printing matters were corrected. Great Lakes proper, connecting waterbodies, and Additionally, synonyms or other corrections which directly adjoining and/or adjacent habitats. This in- were provided by diatomists over the years were cludes habitats which are directly connected to the added or corrected, respectively. Wherever spelling, Great Lakes proper such as wetlands and lotic sys- standard taxonomic changes, and/or authority tems at the immediate area of confluence. Rivers or changes were warranted and these taxa were origi- watersheds removed from the Great Lakes by ap- nally from MASTERLIST or from the authors’ proximately 1 km are not included. The list is ex- input to 1978 checklist, these corrections were clusive of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the lower made to the list directly. The above cited correc- St. Lawrence estuary, as these waterbodies are tions and changes were conducted unilaterally and dominated by salinity-tolerant forms more indica- autonomously, consistent with an update or revision tive of the marine environment. The present check- of this type. list has been designed to promote accurate and Within the 1978 checklist, synonyms were pro- consistent taxonomic identification of the Great vided for approximately 50 diatom species that Lakes diatom flora which in turn will lead to a were originally reported in the literature. The ma- fuller understanding of the flora and its ecological jority of these represent pre-1900 records. At that interpretation. time, only synonyms were provided and were not elevated onto the checklist as recognized taxa. A re- examination of these taxa have indicated that over METHODS 90% of the synonyms should be elevated to the list A series of primary and secondary procedures as taxa which could have been reasonably observed were taken to update the Preliminary Checklist of or were subsequently observed in the Great Lakes. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Laurentian The reexamination consisted of interpreting the Great Lakes (Stoermer and Kreis 1978) and is de- original report, its synonym, and whether or not scribed in the following discussion; herein, the Pre- that taxon could be reasonably observed in the liminary Checklist cited above will be referred to as Great Lakes system. Some cases may represent ex- the 1978 checklist. To explain these procedures, a otic or introduced species which may have been brief discussion of the construct of the 1978 check- present in the system at a limited location or during list is warranted. A series of computer programs a limited time frame. (FIDO) was developed at the University of Michi- The second primary procedure was to incorporate gan to support algal population databases and newly reported Great Lakes diatom taxa into the analyses. A component of FIDO is a file called floristic list. As with the 1978 checklist, the Univer- MASTERLIST which contains all algal taxa from sity of Michigan data reduction and analysis system the Great Lakes reported by the University of (FIDO), with its associated algal species file (MAS- Michigan laboratory. Diatom records from MAS- TERLIST), was the foundation for the updated TERLIST were the basic starting point of the 1978 checklist. Newly observed Great Lakes diatom taxa checklist. Diatom records from both the published reported in MASTERLIST (exclusive of incertae and gray literature through 1976 (in part) were then sedis and other numerical designations) since the combined with MASTERLIST. When a taxon re- 1978 checklist, were compiled and added to the list. ported from the literature was found to be a ques- Another component of this procedure was to add tionable name (for any number of circumstances), diatom taxa from the published and available gray and was found to have an accepted synonym, the literature which were not previously reported. A re- appropriate synonym was provided underneath the examination of the literature prior to 1976 yielded taxon using an indentation format. If the synonym no further records. The authors have a high degree Diatom Checklist 517 of confidence that references reported in the 1978 ranging from outdated, to partially correct, to to- checklist contain the substantial majority of Great tally incorrect. When it was certain that the taxon Lakes records and literature not reported in the ref- was confused or had been in part transferred to an- erence section of the 1978 checklist do not contain other taxon based on the authority, the author’s records. Subsequently, literature was consulted opinion of the problem guided the type of entry. from approximately 1976 through to the present, Capitalization of specific epithets which are formu- representing approximately 20 years of reports, lated from proper nouns was not appropriate ac- since the 1978 checklist was originally constructed. cording to the rules of botanical nomenclature In the 1978 checklist, a few publications from 1976 (Grueter et al. 1994). Common usage or best pro- were available at the time of compilation and taxa fessional judgement were used for spelling where had been included from these reports. In the present appropriate, and common usage was used for update, all literature consulted has been reported in species, varietal, and form designations. The au- the references section and annotated as to whether thority abbreviations follow the recommendations or not new Great Lakes records were found and of Brummitt and Powell (1992) with one major ex- added to the updated list. References provided ception. The entry in Brummitt and Powell for Al- herein in the annotated bibliography, together with bert Grunow is incorrect. The only spelling of the 1978 checklist bibliography, constitute the pri- Grunow found in the literature, i.e., Grunow not mary body of literature which contains Great Lakes Grunov, was used. Errors in the physical list are of diatom records. Reports where a diatom genus or course, the responsibility of the authors. Some re- genera have been incidentally discussed have been ports are potentially incorrect but have been re- omitted from the bibliography. ported as part of the flora for completeness sake. Significant taxonomic changes have occurred Other records were assumed to be reasonable for re- during approximately the present decade. Taxo- porting. It is assumed that the present checklist will nomic changes made in the published literature be updated in the future. At that time, additional in- through 31 December 1996, are interpreted and re- formation may become available for determining flected in the checklist update. Appendix 1 contains report validity. The authors are interested in recov- the notes where the decisions on certain taxa are ering additional reports, comments, or taxonomic presented. Appendix 2 contains the references interpretations for future use. searched for Great Lakes records. Appendix 3 con- tains taxonomic works which have relevance for the taxa recorded for the Great Lakes. These changes CHECKLIST OF GREAT LAKES DIATOMS represent the last primary procedure for this update. Provided below is the updated checklist. Taxa as This procedure was conducted subsequent to the el- originally reported appear in the main body of the evation procedures and addition of new records as list and are left margin justified. If a taxon has a described above. The nomenclatural changes which synonym it is indented and provided underneath the have occurred in this recent time frame are of par- original report. If the synonym did not occur as an ticular note and extend downward from the family original report, it has been elevated to the main level. In most cases, families and genera have been body of the checklist. delineated and many genera have been designated which were previously represented by a single Acanthoceras zachariasii (Brun) Simonsen genus. Consequently, significant nomenclatural changes have also occurred on the species and sub- Achnanthes affinis Grunow species levels. Achnanthidium affine (Grunow) Czarn. In addition to the above, some general and spe- Achnanthes altaica (Poretzky) A.Cleve cific rules and practices were observed for this up- Psammothidium altaicum (Poretzky) Bukht. in date. In all cases, best professional judgement was Bukht. & Round used in interpretation of the reports. When avail- Achnanthes amoena Hust. able, type specimens and original literature were Achnanthes atacamae Hust. examined and interpreted using this practice. Simi- Achnanthes biasolettiana (Kütz.) Grunow (see note 1) larly, synonymies, authorities, and spelling were Psammothidium abundans fo. rosenstockii (Lange- also examined in this manner. Incorrect authorities Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer) Bukht. were typically ignored and not included on the list Achnanthes bioreti Germain when the taxon is well-known; authorities varied, Psammothidium bioreti (Germain) Bukht. & Round 518 Stoermer et al.

Achnanthes brevipes C.Agardh Achnanthes gibberula Grunow Achnanthes brevipes var. intermedia (Kütz.) Cleve Achnanthes thermalis (Rabenh.) Schönfeld Achnanthidium brevipes var. intermedia (Kütz.) Achnanthes gracillima Hust. emend. Foged (see note 2) Cleve Achnanthes gracillina var. nipponica Sovereign Achnanthes calcar Cleve Achnanthes hauckiana Grunow Planothidium calcar (Cleve) Bukht. & Round Planothidium hauckianum (Grunow) Round & Achnanthes clevei Grunow Bukht. Achnanthes hauckiana var. rostrata E.Schulz Karayevia clevei (Grunow in Cleve & Grunow) Achnanthes hetensis A.Cleve [orthographic error] Round & Bukht. Achnanthes hettensis A.Cleve Achnanthes clevei var. balcanica fo. rostrata Hust. Achnanthes hettensis A.Cleve Achnanthes clevei var. rostrata Hust. Achnanthes hungarica (Grunow) Grunow Achnanthidium clevei var. rostratum (Hust.) Achnanthidium hungaricum Grunow M.B.Edlund Achnanthes incognita Krasske Achnanthes coarctata (Bréb.) Grunow Achnanthes joursacense Hérib. Achnanthes conspicua Mayer Achnanthes kolbei Hust. Achnanthes conspicua var. brevistriata Hust. Kolbesia kolbei (Hust.) Round & Bukht. Achnanthes conspicua Mayer Achnanthes kryophila J.B.Petersen Achnanthes deflexa C.W.Reimer in Patrick & Reimer Achnanthidium kryophila (J.B.Petersen) Bukht. Achnanthes delicatula (Kütz.) Grunow Achnanthes kryophila var. africana Choln. Planothidium delicatulum (Kütz.) Round & Bukht. Achnanthes lanceolata (Bréb.) Grunow Achnanthes depressa (Cleve) Hust. Planothidium lanceolatum (Bréb.) Round & Bukht. Achnanthes detha M.H.Hohn and Hellerm. Achnanthes lanceolata var. abbreviata C.W.Reimer Planothidium subatomoides (Hust.) Round & Achnanthes lanceolata var. apiculata R.M.Patrick Achnanthes lanceolata bimaculata Bukht. var. Hust. Achnanthes lanceolata var. dubia Grunow Achnanthes didyma Hust. Planothidium dubium (Grunow) Round & Bukht. Planothidium didymum (Hust.) Round & Bukht. Achnanthes lanceolata var. elliptica Cleve Achnanthes dispar Cleve Planothidium ellipticum (A.Cleve) Round & Achnanthes dispar var. angulata Hust. Bukht. Achnanthes dispar var. fontellii A.Cleve Achnanthes lanceolata var. genuina Mayer Achnanthes duthii Screen. Achnanthidium lanceolatum var. genuinum Mayer Achnanthidium duthii (Screen.) M.B.Edlund Achnanthes lanceolata var. haynaldii (Schaarsch.) Cleve Achnanthes elliptica var. elongata A.Cleve Achnanthidium lanceolatum var. haynaldii Achnanthes exigua Grunow (Schaarsch.) Cleve Achnanthidium exiguum (Grunow) Czarn. Achnanthes lanceolata var. lanceolatoides (Sovereign) Achnanthes exigua var. constricta (Grunow) Hust. C.W.Reimer Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalva Krasske Achnanthes lanceolata var. omissa C.W.Reimer Achnanthidium exiguum var. heterovalvum Achnanthes joursacense Hérib. (Krasske) Czarn. Achnanthes lanceolata var. robusta Hust. Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalva fo. semiaperta Achnanthes lanceolatoides Sovereign H.Guermeur Achnanthes lanceolata var. lanceolatoides (Sovereign) C.W.Reimer Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalvata Krasske Achnanthes lapidosa Krasske [orthographic error] Achnanthes lapponica (Hust.) Hust. Achnanthidium exiguum var. heterovalvum Eucocconeis lapponica Hust. (see note 3) (Krasske) Czarn. Achnanthes lapponica var. ninckei (H.Guerm. & Mang.) Achnanthes exilis Kütz. C.W.Reimer (see note 3) Achnanthidium exilis (Kütz.) Bukht. Eucocconeis lapponica var. ninckei (H.Guerm. & Achnanthes flexella (Kütz.) Brun Mang.) M.B.Edlund Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve Achnanthes laterostrata Hust. Achnanthes flexella var. alpestris Brun Karayevia laterostrata (Hust.) Round & Bukht. Eucocconeis flexella var. alpestris (Brun) Hust. Achnanthes lauenburgiana Hust. Diatom Checklist 519

Psammothidium lauenbergianum (Hust.) Bukht. & Achnanthes subsaloides Hust. Round Achnanthes subsalsa J.B.Petersen Achnanthes lemmermannii Hust. Achnanthes subsalsa J.B.Petersen Achnanthes levanderi Hust. Achnanthes suchlandti Hust. [othographic error] Psammothidium levanderi (Hust.) Bukht. & Round Achnanthes suchlandtii Hust. (see note 4) Achnanthes suchlandtii Hust. Achnanthes levanderi var. helvetica Hust. Achnanthes thermalis (Rabenh.) Schönfeld Achnanthes trinodis (W.Sm.) Grunow Achnanthes lewisiana R.M.Patrick Achnanthidium trinodis Arnott ex Ralfs in Achnanthes suchlandtii Hust. Pritchard Achnanthes linearis (W.Sm.) Grunow Achnanthes ventralis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. in Lange- Rossithidium linearis (W.Sm.) Round & Bukht. Bert. & Krammer Achnanthes linearis var. pusilla Grunow Achnanthes ventraloconfusa fo. simplex Lange-Bert. in Rossithidum pusillum (Grunow) Round & Bukht. Lange-Bert. & Krammer Achnanthes linearis var. nipponica Skvortzov Achnanthes wellsiae C.W.Reimer Achnanthes linearis fo. curta H.L.Sm. Achnanthes marginulata Grunow Achnanthidium affine (Grunow) Czarn. Psammothidium marginulatum (Grunow) Bukht. & Achnanthidium bioreti (Germ.) M.B.Edlund Round Psammothidium bioreti (Germ.) Bukht. & Round Achnanthes microcephala (Kütz.) Grunow Achnanthidium brevipes var. intermedia (Kütz.) Cleve Achnanthidium microcephalum (Kütz.) vide Achnanthidium clevei (Grunow in Cleve & Grunow) Rabenh. Czarn. Achnanthes minutissima Kütz. Karayevia clevei (Grunow in Cleve & Grunow) Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kütz.) Czarn. Round & Bukht. Achnanthidium clevei rostratum Achnanthes minutissima var. cryptocephala Grunow var. (Hust.) M.B.Edlund Achnanthidium delicatulum Kütz. Achnanthes minutissima var. robusta Hust. Plannothidium delicatula (Kütz.) Round & Bukht. Achnanthes nodosa A.Cleve Achnanthidium duthii (Sreen.) M.B.Edlund Achnanthes nollii Bock Achnanthidium exiguum (Grunow) Czarn. Achnanthes oestrupii (H.Bachm. & A.Cleve) Hust. Achnanthidium exiguum var. heterovalvum (Krasske) Planothidium oestrupii (H.Bachm. & A.Cleve) Czarn. Round & Bukht. Achnanthidium exilis (Kütz.) Bukht. Achnanthes oestrupii var. lanceolata Hust. Achnanthidium flexellum (Kütz.) Bréb. Achnanthes oestrupii var. pungens (A.Cleve) Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer Achnanthidium hauckianum (Grunow) Czarn. Achnanthes oestrupii var. pungens (A.Cleve) Lange- Achnanthidium hungaricum Grunow Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer Achnanthidium kryophila (J.B.Petersen) Bukht. Achnanthes peragalli Brun & Hérib. Achnanthidium lanceolatum Bréb. in Kütz. Planothidium perigallii (Brun & Hérib. in Hérib.) Achnanthidium lanceolatum var. elliptica Cleve Round & Bukht. Achnanthidium lanceolatum var. genuinum Mayer Achnanthes peragalli var. fossilis Temp. & M. Perag. Achnanthidium lanceolata var. haynaldii (Schaarsch.) Achnanthes peragalli var. parvula (R.M.Patrick) Cleve Achnanthidium levanderi (Hust.) Czarn. C.W.Reimer Achnanthidium lineare W.Sm. Achnanthes pinnata Hust. Rossithidium linearis (W.Sm.) Round & Bukht. Achnanthes ploenensis Hust. Achnanthidium microcephalum (Kütz.) vide Rabenh. Kolbesia ploenensis (Hust.) Round & Bukht. Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kütz.) Czarn. Achnanthes procera Hust. Achnanthidium peragalli Brun & Hérib. in Hérib. Achnanthes recurvata Hust. Achnanthidium trinodis Arnott ex Ralfs in Pritchard Psammothidium altaicum (Poretzky) Bukht. Achnanthes sublaevis Hust. Actinocyclus niagarae H.L.Sm. Psammothidium ventralis (Krasske) Bukht. & Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehrenb. Round (see note 5) Actinocyclus normanii (W.Greg.) Hust. 520 Stoermer et al.

Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Amphora hemicycla Stoermer & J.J.Yang Hust. Amphora hemicyla Stoermer & J.J.Yang [orthographic Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust. error] Actinocyclus normanii var. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust. Amphora hemicycla Stoermer & J.J.Yang (see note 6) [nom. nud.] Amphora huronensis Stoermer & J.J.Yang Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Amphora inariensis Krammer Hust. Amphora lanceolate var. ? [nom. illegit.] Amphora libyca Ehrenb. Actinoptychus sp. Amphora ovalis var. affinis (Kütz.) VanHeurck ex DeToni Amphipleura arctica R.M.Patrick & Freese Amphora michiganensis Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphipleura delicatissima [nom. illegit.] Amphora montana Krasske Amphipleura kriegeriana (Krasske) Hust. Amphora neglecta Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphipleura pellucida (Kütz.) Kütz. Amphora normanii Rabenh. Amphipleura sigmoida W.Sm. Amphora oligotraphenta Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia sigma var. rigida (Kütz.) Grunow & Metzeltin Amphora ovalis (Kütz.) Kütz. Amphiprora alata (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Amphora ovalis var. affinis (Kütz.) VanHeurck ex Entomoneis alata (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. DeToni Amphiprora calumetica B.W.Thomas in B.W.Thomas & Amphora ovalis var affins (Kütz.) Van Heurck H.H.Chase [orthographic error] Amphora calumetica (B.W.Thomas ex Wolle) Amphora ovalis var affinis (Kütz.) Van Heurck ex M.Perag. DeToni Amphiprora ornata J.W.Bail. Amphora ovalis var. constricta Skvortzov Entomoneis ornata (J.W.Bail.) C.W.Reimer Amphora ovalis var. gracilis (Ehrenb.) Van Heurck Amphiprora paludosa W.Sm. Amphora ovalis (Kütz.) Kütz. Entomoneis paludosa (W.Sm.) C.W.Reimer Amphora ovalis var. libyca (Ehrenb.) Cleve Amphora ovalis var. affinis (Kütz.) Van Heurck ex Amphitropis ornata (J.W.Bail.) Grunow DeToni Entomoneis ornata (J.W.Bail.) C.W.Reimer Amphora ovalis var. minor H.H.Chase [nom. illegit.] Amphora ovalis var. minutissima (W.Sm.) Hurter Amphora bullatoides M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Kütz.) Van Heurck Amphora calumetica (B.W.Thomas ex Wolle) M.Perag. ex DeToni Amphora coffeaeformis (C.Agardh) Kütz. Amphora ovalis var. pediculatus (Kütz.) Van Heurck Amphora coffeiformis (C.Agardh) Kütz. [orthographic [orthographic error] error] Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Kütz.) Van Heurck Amphora coffeaeformis (C.Agardh) Kütz. Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Kütz.) Van Heurck ex Amphora coffeaeformis var. acutiuscula (Kütz.) Hust. DeToni Amphora coffeiformis (C.Agardh) Kütz. [orthographic Amphora ovalis var. ? [nom. illegit.] error] Amphora ovalis var. b [nom. illegit.] Amphora coffeaeformis (C.Agardh) Kütz. Amphora ovalis var. ? Kütz. [nom. illegit.] Amphora coffeiformis var. acutiuscula (Kütz.) Hust. Amphora ovalis var. nov. [nom. illegit.] [orthographic error] Amphora parallelistriata Mang. Amphora coffeaeformis var. acutiuscula (Kütz.) Amphora perpusilla (Grunow) Grunow in Van Heurck Hust. Amphora rotunda Skvortsov Amphora commutata Grunow Amphora sibirica Skvortsov & K.I.Mey. Amphora crucifera A.Cleve Amphora subcostulata Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphora cruciferoides Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphora submontana Hust. (see note 7) Amphora cruciferoides Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphora tenuistriata Mang. in Bourr. & Mang. Amphora delicatissima Krasske Amphora thumensis (Mayer) A.Cleve Amphora exigua W.Greg. Amphora veneta Kütz. Amphora fonticola Maill. Amphora veneta var. angularis [nom. nud.] Amphora gigas Ehrenb. Amphora veneta var. capitata E.Y.Haw. Diatom Checklist 521

Amphora oligotraphenta Lange-Bert. in Lange- Attheya zachariasii Brun Bertalot & Metzeltin Acanthoceras zachariasii (Brun) Simonsen

Aneumastus minor (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Aulacoseira agassizii (Ostenf.) Simonsen Aneumastus stroesei (Østrup) D.G.Mann in Round, Aulacoseira agassizii var. malayensis (Hust.) Simonsen Crawford & Mann Aulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) Krammer Aneumastus tusculus (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann & Stickle in Aulacoseira ambigua (Grunow) Simonsen Round, Crawford & Mann Aulacoseira canadensis (Hust.) Simonsen Aulacoseira distans (Ehrenb.) Simonsen Anomoeoneis costata (Kütz.) Hust. Aulacoseira distans var. alpigena (Grunow) Simonsen Anomoeoneis sphaerophora fo. costata (Kütz.) Aulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) Krammer A.M.Schmid Aulacoseira distans var. limnetica (O.Müll.) Simonsen Anomoeoneis exilis Kütz. Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen Brachysira exilis (Kütz.) Round & D.G.Mann Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima (O.Müll.) Anomoeoneis follis (Ehrenb.) Cleve Simonsen Brachysira follis (Ehrenb.) R.Ross in B.Hartley Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima fo. spiralis Anomoeoneis sculpta (Ehrenb.) O.Müll. (Hust.) Czarn. & Reinke Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta O.Müll. Aulacoseira granulata var. muzzanensis (F.Meister) Anomoeoneis serians (Bréb.) Cleve Simonsen Brachysira serians (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Round & Aulacoseira islandica (O.Müll.) Simonsen D.G.Mann Aulacoseira islandica subsp. helvetica (O.Müll.) Anomoeoneis serians var. brachysira (Bréb.) Hust. Simonsen Brachysira brebissonii R.Ross in B.Hartley Aulacoseira italica (Ehrenb.) Simonsen Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Ehrenb.) Pfitz. Aulacoseira italica var. tenuissima (Grunow) Simonsen Anomoeoneis sphaerophora fo. costata (Kütz.) Aulacoseira italica var. valida (Grunow) Simonsen A.M.Schmid Aulacoseira italica subsp. subarctica (O.Müll.) Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta O.Müll. Simonsen Anomoeoneis styriaca (Grunow) Hust. Aulacoseira lirata var. alpigena (Grunow) E.Y.Haw. Brachysira styriaca (Grunow in VanHeurck) Aulacoseira subarctica (O.Müll.) E.Y.Haw. R.Ross in B.Hartley Aulacoseira valilda (Grunow) Krammer in Krammer & Anomoeoneis vitrea (Grunow) R.Ross in Patrick & Lange-Bert. Reimer Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) R.Ross in B.Hartley Aulacosira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen [orthographic Anomoeoneis zellensis (Grunow) Cleve error] Brachysira zellensis (Grunow) Round & Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen D.G.Mann Aulacosira granulata var. angustissima (O.Müll.) Anomoeoneis zellensis fo. difficilis (Grunow) Hust. Simonsen [orthographic error] Brachysira zellensis fo. difficilis (Grunow in Van Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima (O.Müll.) Heurck) P.B.Ham. in Hamilton, Poulin, Simonsen Charles & Angell Aulacosira islandica (O.Müll.) Simonsen [orthographic error] Asterionella bleakleyi W.Sm. Aulacoseira islandica (O.Müll.) Simonsen Asterionella falfsii W.Sm. [orthographic error] Aulacosira italica (Ehrenb.) Simonsen [orthographic Asterionella ralfsii W.Sm. error] Asterionella formosa Hass. Aulacoseira italica (Ehrenb.) Simonsen Asterionella formosa var. acaroides Lemm. Aulacosira italica subsp. subarctica (O.Müll.) Simonsen Asterionella formosa var. gracillima (Hantzsch) Grunow [orthographic error] in VanHeurck Aulacoseira subarctica (O.Müll.) E.Y.Haw. Asterionella formosa var. subtilis Grunow Asterionella gracillima (Hantzsch) Heib. Bacillaria paradoxa Gmelin Asterionella ralfsii W.Sm. Bacillaria paxillifer (O.F.Müll.) Hendy 522 Stoermer et al.

Bacillaria paxillifer (O.F.Müll.) Hendy Caloneis schumanniana (Grunow) Cleve Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick Biddulphia laevis Ehrenb. Caloneis schumanniana var. biconstricta Grunow Pleurosira laevis (Ehrenb.) Compère Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick Caloneis schumanniana var. lancettula Hust. Brachysira exilis (Kütz.) Round & D.G.Mann Caloneis silicula (Ehrenb.) Cleve Brachysira follis (Ehrenb.) R.Ross in B.Hartley Caloneis ventricosa (Ehrenb.) F.Meister Brachysira brebissonii R.Ross in B.Hartley Caloneis silicula var. inflata (Grunow) Cleve Brachysira serians (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Round & D.G.Mann Caloneis silicula var. limosa (Kütz.) VanLand. Brachysira sphaerophora (Kütz.) Round ex D.G.Mann Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick [transfer invalid] (see note 8) Caloneis silicula var. undulata (Grunow) Cleve Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Kütz.) Pfitz. Caloneis silicula var. truncatula (Grunow) Cleve Brachysira styriaca (Grunow in VanHeurck) R.Ross in Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grunow) B.Hartley F.Meister Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) R.Ross in B.Hartley Caloneis silicata var. tumida Hust. [orthographic error] Brachysira zellensis (Grunow) Round & D.G.Mann Caloneis silicula var. tumida Hust. Brachysira zellensis fo. difficilis (Grunow in Caloneis tenuis (W.Greg.) Krammer in Krammer & VanHeurck) P.B.Ham. in Hammilton, Poulin, Lange-Bert. Charles & Angell Caloneis undulata (W.Greg.) Krammer in Krammer & Lange-Bert. Caloneis alpestris (Grunow) Cleve Caloneis ventricosa (Ehrenb.) F.Meister Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) Cleve Caloneis ventricosa var. minuta (Grunow) R.M.Patrick Caloneis bacillaris (W.Greg.) Cleve Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grunow) F.Meister Caloneis bacillaris var. thermalis (Grunow) A.Cleve Caloneis ventricosa var. trunculata [orthographic error] Caloneis bacillum (Grunow) Cleve Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grunow) Caloneis bacillum var. fontinalis Hust. F.Meister Caloneis fontinalis (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & Reichardt in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Campylodiscus clypeus Ehrenb. Caloneis bacillum var. lancettula (E.Schulz) Hust. Campylodiscus cribrosus W.Sm. Caloneis lancettula (E.Schulz) Lange-Bert. & Campylodiscus decorus Bréb. Witkowski in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Campylodiscus echensis Ehrenb. Caloneis clevei (Lagerst.) Cleve Campylodiscus hibernicus Ehrenb. Caloneis clevei var. undulata Krasske Campylodiscus noricus var. hibernicus (Ehrenb.) Caloneis fontinalis (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & Reichardt Grunow in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Campylodiscus hibernicus var. ? [nom. illegit.] Caloneis formosa W.Greg. Campylodiscus noricus Ehrenb. Caloneis hyalina Hust. Campylodiscus noricus var. hibernica (Ehrenb.) Grunow Caloneis lamella Zakrz. [orthographic error] Caloneis lancettula (E.Schulz) Lange-Bert. & Campylodiscus noricus var. hibernicus (Ehrenb.) Witkowski in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Grunow Caloneis leptosoma (Grunow) Krammer in Krammer & Campylodiscus noricus var. hibernicus (Ehrenb.) Lange-Bert. Grunow Caloneis lewisii R.M.Patrick Caloneis liber (W.Sm.) Cleve Capartogramma crucicula (Grunow) R.Ross Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick Caloneis limosa var. gibberula (Kütz.) Grunow Catacombus gaillonii (Bory) D.M.Williams & Round Caloneis limosa var. subinflata Grunow Caloneis limosa var. undulata Grunow Cavinula cocconeiformis (W.Greg. ex Grev.) D.G.Mann Caloneis molaris (Grunow) Krammer in Krammer & & Stickle in Round, Crawford & Mann Lange-Bert. Cavinula intractata (Hust.) Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. Caloneis nubicola (Grunow) Cleve & Metzeltin Caloneis pulchra Messik. Cavinula jaernefeltii (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Stickle in Caloneis pulchra var. interrupta Gandhi Round, Crawford & Mann Diatom Checklist 523

Cavinula lacustris (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann & Stickle in Cocconeis placentula var. klinoraphis Geitler Round, Crawford & Mann Cocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehrenb.) VanHeurck Cavinula pseudoscutiformis (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Stickle Cocconeis placentula var. rouxii (Hérib. & Brun) Cleve in Round, Crawford & Mann Cocconeis rouxii Hérib. & Brun Cavinula scutelloides (W.Sm.) Lange-Bert. in Lange- Cocconeis placentula var. rouxii (Hérib. & Brun) Bert. & Metzeltin Cleve Cavinula scutiformis (Grunow ex A.Schmidt) D.G.Mann Cocconeis schlettum [orthographic error] & Stickle in Round, Crawford & Mann Cocconeis rhombea Ehrenb. Cavinula variostriata (Krasske) D.G.Mann & Stickle in Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenb. Round, Crawford & Mann Cocconeis scutellum var. japonica (A.W.F.Schmidt) Skvortsov Ceratoneis arcus (Ehrenb.) Kütz. (see note 9) Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Grunow) Cleve Hannaea arcus (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick Cocconeis thumensis Mayer Ceratoneis arcus var. amphioxys (Rabenh.) Brun Cocconeis thwaitesii W.Sm. Hannaea arcus var. amphioxys (Rabenh.) Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve R.M.Patrick Cocconeis transversalis W.Greg. Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Grunow) Cleve Chamaepinnularia begeri (Krasske) Lange-Bert. Chamaepinnularia soehrensis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. Cocconema cistula Hempr. Chamaepinnularia mediocris (Krasske) Lange-Bert. Cymbella cistula (Ehrenb.) Kirchn. Chamaepinnularia evanida (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Cocconema cymbiforme (Kütz.) Ehrenb. Cymbella cymbiformis C.Agardh Chaetoceros hohnii Graebn. & Wujek Cocconema fusidium Ehrenb. Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum J.R.Johans. & Cymbella affinis Kütz. Rushforth Cocconema gastroides (Kütz.) Pell. Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum J.R.Johans. & Cymbella aspera (Ehrenb.) H. Perag. Rushforth Cocconema lanceolatum Ehrenb. Cymbella lanceolata (C.Agardh) C.Agardh Cocconeis diminuta Pant. Cocconema parva W.Sm. Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer in Krammer & Cymbella parva (W.Sm.) Cleve Lange-Bert. Cocconema scotica Cocconeis diminuta var. aegagropilae Murobuse W.Sm. Cocconeis diruptoides Hust. Cymbella scotica W.Sm. Cocconeis disculus (Schum.) Cleve Cocconeis disculus var. diminuta (Pant.) A.Cleve Colletonema lacustre VanHeurck Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer in Krammer & Cymbella lacustris (C.Agardh) Cleve Lange-Bert. Cocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve Comphonema constrictum Ehrenb. [orthographic error] Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve Gomphonema truncatum Ehrenb. Cocconeis flexulla (Kütz.) Cleve [orthographic error] Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve Coscinodiscus asteromorphus Ehrenb. Cocconeis fluviatilis J.H.Wallace Coscinodiscus curvatalus Grunow Cocconeis japonica A.W.F.Schmidt Coscinodiscus decrescens Grunow Cocconeis scutellum var. japonica Coscinodiscus lacustris Grunow (A.W.F.Schmidt) Skvortsov Thalassiosira bramaputrae (Ehrenb.) Håk. & Cocconeis lineata Ehrenb. Locker Cocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehrenb.) Coscinodiscus lanceolatum Ehrenb. VanHeurck Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenb. Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer in Krammer & Lange- Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenb. Bert. Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenb. Hust. Cocconeis placentula Ehrenb. Coscinodiscus rothii (Ehrenb.) Grunow Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta (Ehrenb.) Grunow Coscinodiscus rothii var. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust. 524 Stoermer et al.

Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Cyclotella bodanica-comta Eulenst.-(Ehrenb.) Kütz. Hust. [nom. illegit.] Coscinodiscus subsalsa Juhl.-Dannf. Cyclotella bodanica var. michiganensis Skvortsov Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Cyclotella bodanica var. stellata Skvortsov Hust. Cyclotella caspia Grunow Coscinodiscus subsalsus Juhl.-Dannf. [orthographic Cyclotella catenata Brun error] Cyclotella cavita [nom. nud.] Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Cyclotella chaetoceras Lemm. Hust. Cyclotella comensis Grunow Coscinodiscus subtillis var. ? [nom. nud.] Cyclotella compta (Ehrenb.) Kütz. [orthographic error] Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Cyclotella comta (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Hust. Cyclotella comta (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Coscinodiscus tuberculatus Grev. Cyclotella comta var. bodanica Grunow Coscinodiscus tuberculatus var. ? A.W.F.Schmidt [nom. Cyclotella comta var. glabriuscula Grunow illegit.] Cyclotella comta var. oligactis (Ehrenb.) Grunow Cyclotella comta var. radiosa Grunow Cosmioneis lundstroemii (Cleve in Cleve & Grunow) Cyclotella comta var. paucipunctata Grunow D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann Cyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin & Guillard Cosmioneis pusilla (W.Sm.) D.G.Mann & Stickle in Cyclotella cyclopunctata Håk. & J.R.Carter Round, Crawford & Mann Cyclotella delicatula Hust. Cyclotella distinguenda Hust. Cyclotella distinguenda unipunctata Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus Ehrenb. var. (Hust.) Håk. Cyclotella dubia Hilse Craspedodiscus microdiscus Ehrenb. Cyclotella facetia M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus Ehrenb. Cyclotella gamma Sovereign Cyclotella glomerata Bachm. Craticula accomoda (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Cyclotella glomerata-stelligera Bachmann-Cleve & Crawford & Mann Grunow [nom. illegit.] Craticula ambigua (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann in Round, Cyclotella krammeri Håk. Crawford & Mann Cyclotella kuetzingiana Thwaites Craticula cuspidata (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round, Cyclotella meneghiana Kütz. Crawford & Man Cyclotella kuetzingiana var. phanetophora Fricke Craticula cuspidata var. major (F.Meister) Czarn. [orthographic error] Craticula subhalophila (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Cyclotella kuetzingiana var. planetophora Fricke Craticula vixvisibilis (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Cyclotella kuetzingiana var. radiosa Fricke Cyclotella kutzingiana Thwaites [orthographic error] Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs ex Kütz.) D.M.Williams & Cyclotella kuetzingiana Thwaites Round Cyclotella melosiroides (Kirchn.) Lemm. Ctenophora pulchella var. lacerata (Hust.) Bukht. Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz. Ctenophora pulchella var. lanceolata (O’Meara) Bukht. Cyclotella meneghiniana fo. plana Fricke [nom. nud.] Cyclotella meneghiniana var. plana Fricke Cyclostephanos costatilimbus (Kob. & Kob.) Stoermer, Cyclotella meneghiniana var. plana Fricke Håk. & Theriot. Cyclotella meneghiniana var. stellulifera Cleve & Cyclostephanos dubius (Fricke) Round in Theriot, Grunow Håkansson, Kociolek, Round & Stoermer Cyclotella stelligera (Cleve & Grunow) Cyclostephanos invisitatus (M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.) VanHeurck Theriot, Stoermer & Håk. Cyclotella michiganiana Skvortsov Cyclostephanos tholiformis Stoermer, Håk. & Theroit Cyclotella nana Hust. Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle & Heim. Cyclotella americana Fricke Cyclotella ocellata Pant. Cyclotella antiqua W.Sm. Cyclotella ocellata-kutzingiana [nom. illegit.] Cyclotella atomus Hust. Cyclotella operculata (C.Agardh) Kütz. Cyclotella bodanica Eulenst. Cyclotella distinguenda Hust. Diatom Checklist 525

Cyclotella operculata var. unipunctata (Fricke) Hust. Cymbella anglica Lagerst. Cyclotella distinguenda var. unipunctata (Hust.) Cymbella naviculiformis Auersw. ex Heib. Håk. Cymbella angustata (W.Sm.) Cleve Cyclotella operculata unipunctata (Fricke) Hust. [nom. Cymbella aspera (Ehrenb.) H.Perag. illegit.] Cymbella aspera var. minor (VanHeurck) Cleve Cyclotella operculata var. unipunctata (Fricke) Cymbella austriaca Grunow Hust. Cymbella brehmii Hust. Cyclotella planctonica Brunnth. Encyonema brehmii (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Cyclotella pseudostelligera Hust. Crawford & Mann Cyclotella quadriiunta (Schroeter) Hust. Cymbella caespitosa Brun Cyclotella radiosa Grunow Encyonema caespitosum Kütz. Cyclotella rossii Håk. Cymbella cesatii (Rabenh.) Grunow ex A.W.F.Schmidt Cyclotella rotula Kütz. Cymbella cistula (Ehrenb. in Hemprich & Ehrenb.) Stephanodiscus rotula (Kütz.) Hendey Kirchn. in Cohn Cyclotella socialis Schutt Cymbella cistula var. gibbosa Brun Cyclotella spinosa Schum. Cymbella cistula var. maculata (Kütz.) VanHeurck Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehrenb. Cymbella cistula (Ehrenb.) in Hemprich & Ehrenb. Cyclotella stelligera (Cleve & Grunow) VanHeurck Kirchn. in Cohn Cyclotella striata (Kütz.) Grunow Cymbella cistula var. truncata Brun Cyclotella striata var. bipunctata Fricke Cymbella cuspidata Kütz. Cyclotella strisignata Grunow [nom. nud.] Cymbella cuspidata fo. impressa Fusey Cyclotella temperei M.Perag. & Hérib. Cymbella cuspidata var. schulzii A.Cleve Cyclotella thienemannii var. minuscula Jurilj Cymbella cymbiformis C.Agardh Cyclotella ucculata Pant. [orthographic error] Cymbella delicatula Kütz. Cyclotella ocellata Pant. Cymbella designata Krammer in Krammer & Lange- Cyclotella woltereckii Hust. Bert. Cymbella diluviana (Krasske) M.Florin Cymatopleura angulata Grev. Cymbella ehrenbergii Kütz. Cymatopleura apiculata W.Sm. Cymbella inaequalis (Ehrenb.) Rabenh. Cymatopleura cochlea Brun Cymbella elginsis Krammer Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm. Cymbella gastroides Kütz. Cymatopleura elliptica var. hibernica (W.Sm.) Cymbella aspera (Ehrenb.) H.Perag. VanHeurck Cymbella gracilis (Rabenh.) Cleve Cymatopleura elliptica fo. spiralis Boyer Encyonema gracile Rabenh. Cymatopleura hibernica W.Sm. Cymbella hauckii VanHeurck Cymatopleura elliptica var. hibernica (W.Sm.) Cymbella hebridica Grunow ex Cleve VanHeurck Encyonema hebridicum (W.Greg) Grunow ex Cymatopleura hibernica var. rhombica H.H.Chase Cleve Cymatopleura solea (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm. Cymbella helvetica Kütz. Cymatopleura solea var. apiculata (W.Sm.) Ralfs Cymbella hustedtii Krasske Cymatopleura solea var. clavata O.Müll. Cymbella hybrida Grunow Cymatopleura solea var. gracilis Grunow Cymbella inaequalis (Ehrenb.) Rabenh. Cymatopleura solea var. pfuhlii Torka Cymbella incerta (Grunow) Cleve Cymatopleura solea var. subconstricta O.Müll. Cymbella jordani Grunow Cymatopleura solea var. regula (Ehrenb.) Grunow Cymbella lacustris (C.Agardh) Cleve Cymatopleura spiralis H.H.Chase Encyonema lacustre (C.Agardh) D.G.Mann in Cymatopleura elliptica fo. spiralis Boyer Round, Crawford & Mann Cymbella laevis Nägeli ex Kütz. Cymbella acutiuscula Cleve Cymbella lanceolata (C.Agardh) C.Agardh Cymbella aequalis W.Sm. Cymbella lata Grunow Cymbella affinis Kütz. Cymbella latens Krasske Cymbella amphicephala Nägeli Encyonema latens (Krasske) D.G.Mann in Round, Cymbella amphicephala var. subundulata Cleve Crawford & Mann 526 Stoermer et al.

Cymbella leptoceros (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Cymbella pusilla Grunow Cymbella leptoceros var. rostrata Hust. Cymbella rabenhorstii R.Ross Cymbella designata Krammer in Krammer & Cymbella rhombiodea Boyer [orthographic error] Lange-Bert. Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Cleve Cymbella leptocerus (Ehrenb.) VanHeurck [orthographic Cymbella rotundata H.H.Chase error] Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Cymbella designata Krammer in Krammer & Cymbella rugosa Hust. Lange-Bert. Encyonema rugosum (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Cymbella lunata W.Sm. Crawford & Mann Encyonema lunatum (W.Sm. in Grev.) VanHeurck Cymbella ruttneri Hust. Cymbella maculata Kütz. Cymbella ruttneri var. obtusa Hust. Cymbella mexicana (Ehrenb.) Cleve Cymbella scotica W.Sm. Cymbella microcephala Grunow Cymbella similis Krasske Cymbella microcephala var. crassa C.W.Reimer Cymbella sinuata W.Greg. Cymbella minuta Hilse Reimeria sinuata (W.Greg.) Kociolek & Stoermer Encyonema minutum (Hilse ex Rabenh.) Cymbella sinuata var. ovata Hust. [nom. illegit.] D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann Cymbella sinuata fo. antiqua (Grunow) C.W.Reimer Cymbella minuta var. pseudogracilis (Choln.) Reimeria sinuata fo. antiqua (W.Greg.) Kociolek C.W.Reimer & Stoermer Encyonema minutum var. pseudogracilis (Choln.) Cymbella sinuata fo. ovata (Hust.) Hust. Czarn. Cymbella sinuata var. antiqua (Grunow) Cleve Cymbella minuta var. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabenh.) Reimeria sinuata fo. antiqua (W.Greg.) Kociolek C.W.Reimer & Stoermer Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch ex Rabenh.) Cymbella stomatophora Grunow D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann Cymbella tumida (Bréb.) VanHeurck Cymbella minuta fo. latens (Krasske) C.W.Reimer Cymbella subaequalis Grunow Cymbella moelleriana Grunow Cymbella subaequalis fo. krasskei (Foged) C.W.Reimer Cymbella muelleri Hust. Cymbella subventricosa Cholnoky Encyonema muelleri (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Cymbella triangularis (Ehrenb.) Cleve [orthographic Crawford & Mann error] Cymbella muelleri fo. ventricosa (Temp. & M.Perag.) Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz. C.W.Reimer Cymbella triangulum (Ehrenb.) Cleve Encyonema muelleri fo. ventricosa (Temp. & Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz. M.Perag.) Czarn. Cymbella tumida (Bréb.) VanHeurck Cymbella naviculiformis Auersw. ex Heib. Cymbella tumidula Grunow Cymbella norvegica Grunow Cymbella turgida W.Greg. Encyonema norvegica (Grunow) Bukht. Cymbella elginsis Krammer Cymbella obtusa W.Greg. Cymbella turgida var. pseudogracilis Cholnoky Cymbella subaequalis fo. krasskei (Foged) Encyonema minutum var. pseudogracilis C.W.Reimer (Cholnoky) Czarn. Cymbella obtusiuscula Kütz. Cymbella turgidula Grunow Cymbella parva (W.Sm.) Wolle Cymbella ventricosa C.Agardh Cymbella parvula Krasske Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch in Rabenh.) Cymbella pediculus Kütz. D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann pro Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Kütz.) VanHeurck parte Cymbella prostrata (Berk.) Cleve Encyonema minutum (Hilse in Rabenh.) D.G.Mann Encyonema prostratum (Berk.) Kütz. in Round, Crawford & Mann pro parte Cymbella prostrata var. auerswaldii (Rabenh.) C.W.Reimer Cymbellonitzschia diluviana Hust. Encyonema auerswaldii Rabenh. Cymbella prostrata var. caespitosa [nom. illegit.] Cyratopleura eliptica (Bréb. et Goday) W.Sm. Encyonema auerswaldii Rabenh. [orthographic error] Cymbella proxima C.W.Reimer Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. et Goday) W.Sm. Diatom Checklist 527

Cystopleura gibba (Ehrenb.) Kuntze Diatoma vulgare var. linearis VanHeurck Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenb.) O.Müll. Diatoma vulgare var. ovale (Fricke) Hust. [orthographic Cystopleura turgida (Ehrenb.) Kuntze error] Epithemia turgida (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Diatoma vulgare var. ovalis (Fricke) Hust. Diatoma vulgare var. ovalis (Fricke) Hust. Denticula elegans Kütz. Diatoma vulgare var. producta Grunow Denticula frigida Kütz. Denticula tenuis var. frigida (Kütz.) Grunow Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M.Schmidt Denticula lauta J.W.Bail. Denticula tenuis Kütz. Diploneis boldtiana Cleve Denticula tenuis var. crassula (Nägeli) W.West & Diploneis domblittensis (Grunow) Cleve G.S.West Diploneis elliptica (Kütz.) Cleve Denticula tenuis var. frigida (Kütz.) Grunow Diploneis elliptica var. ladogensis Cleve Denticula thermalis Kütz. Diploneis elliptica var. pygmaea A.Cleve Diploneis finnica (Ehrenb.) Cleve Diadesmis confervacea Kütz. Diploneis interrupta (Kütz.) Cleve Diadesmis contenta (Grunow ex VanHeurck) D.G.Mann Diploneis marginestriata Hust. in Round, Crawford & Mann Diploneis oblongella (Nägeli) R.Ross Diadesmis contenta var. biceps (Arn. ms., Grunow in Diploneis oblongella var. genuina (Nägeli ex Kütz.) VanHeurck) Poulin R.Ross Diadesmis peregrina W.Sm. Diploneis oculata (Bréb.) Cleve Diadesmis perpusilla (Grunow) D.G.Mann in Round, Diploneis ocellata Østrup Crawford & Mann Diploneis ovalis (Hilse) Cleve Diploneis papula (A.W.F.Schmidt) Cleve Diatoma anceps (Ehrenb.) Kirchn. Diploneis parma Cleve Meridion anceps (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams Diploneis peterseni Hust. Diatoma anceps var. linearis M.Perag. Diploneis pseudovalis Hust. Diatoma ehrenbergii Kütz. Diploneis pseudoovalis Hust. [orthographic error] Diatoma elongata C.Agardh Diploneis pseudovalis Hust. Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diploneis puella (Schum.) Cleve Diatoma elongatum (Lyngb.) C.Agardh Diploneis pupula (A.W.F.Schmidt) Cleve [orthographic Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. error] Diatoma elongatum var. minor Grunow Diploneis papula (A.W.F.Schmidt) Cleve Diatoma elongatum var. tenue (C.Agardh) VanHeurck Diploneis smithii (Bréb.) Cleve Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diploneis smithii var. pumila (Grunow) Hust. Diatoma elongatum var. tenuis (C.Agardh) VanHeurck Diploneis subovalis Cleve Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diatoma hiemale (Roth) Heib. Ellerbeckia arenaria (Moore ex Ralfs) R.M.Crawford Diatoma hiemale var. mesodon (Ehrenb.) Grunow Diatoma tenue C.Agardh Encyonema auerswaldii Rabenh. Diatoma tenue elongatum [nom. illegit.] Encyonema brehmii (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Crawford & Mann Diatoma tenue var. elongarum Lyngb. [orthographic Encyonema caespitosum Kütz. error] Encyonema gracile Rabenh. Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Encyonema hebridicum (W.Greg.) Grunow ex Cleve Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Encyonema lacustre (C.Agardh) D.G.Mann in Round, Diatoma tenue var. pachycephala Grunow Crawford & Mann Diatoma tenue var. pachycephalum [orthographic error] Encyonema latens (Krasske) D.G.Mann in Round, Diatoma tenue var. pachycephala Grunow Crawford & Mann Diatoma vulgare Bory Encyonema limula [nom. nud.] Diatoma vulgare var. breve Grunow Encyonema lunatum (W.Sm. in Grev.) VanHeurck Diatoma vulgare var. ehrenbergii (Kütz.) Grunow Encyonema minutum (Hilse ex Rabenh.) D.G.Mann in Diatoma vulgare var. grande (W.Sm.) Grunow Round, Crawford & Mann 528 Stoermer et al.

Encyonema minutum var. pseudogracilis (Cholnoky) Epithemia sorex Kütz. Czarn. Epithemia surex Kütz. [orthographic error] Encyonema muelleri (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Epithemia sorex Kütz. Crawford & Mann Epithemia turgida (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Encyonema muelleri fo. ventricosa (Temp. & M.Perag.) Epithemia turgida var. granulata (Ehrenb.) Brun Czarn. Epithemia turgida var. plicata Meist. Encyonema norvegica (Grunow) Bukht. Epithemia turgida var. westermannii (Ehrenb.) Grunow Encyonema prostratum (Berk.) Kütz. Epithemia turgida var. zebrina (Ehrenb.) Rabenh. Encyonema rugosum (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Epithemia ventricosa Ehrenb. Crawford & Mann Rhopalodia gibba var. ventricosa (Kütz.) H.Perag. Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch ex Rabenh.) D.G.Mann & M.Perag. in Round, Crawford & Mann Epithemia zebra (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Encyonema triangulatum Kütz. Epithemia adnata (Kütz). Bréb. Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Epithemia zebra var. porcellus (Kütz.) Grunow Encyonema turgidum (W.Greg.) Grunow Epithemia adnata var. porcellus (Kütz.) Encyonema ventricosum Kütz. R.M.Patrick Epithemia zebra var. saxonica (Kütz.) Grunow Entomoneis alata (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. Epithemia adnata var. saxonica (Kütz.) Entomoneis ornata (J.W.Bail.) C.W.Reimer R.M.Patrick Entomoneis paludosa (W.Sm.) C.W.Reimer Eucocconeis depressa (Cleve) Hust. Epithemia adnata (Kütz.) Bréb. Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve Epithemia adnata var. minor (M.Perag. & Hérib.) Eucocconeis flexella var. alpestris (Brun) Hust. R.M.Patrick Eucocconeis lapponica Hust. (see note 3) Epithemia adnata var. porcellus (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick Eucocconeis lapponica var. ninckei (C.W.Reimer) Epithemia adnata var. proboscidea (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick Stoermer & J.J.Yang Epithemia adnata var. saxonica (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick Eucocconeis lapponica var. ninckei (Guermeur & Epithemia alpestris W.Sm. Mang.) M.B.Edlund Epithemia andrewsii Stoermer & J.J.Yang [nom. superf.] Eucocconeis lapponica var. ninckei (Guermeur & Epithemia emarginata Andrews Mang.) M.B.Edlund Epithemia argus (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Eucocconeis minuta (Cleve) Cleve Epithemia argus var. alpestris (W.Sm) Grunow Epithemia argus var. amphicephala Grunow Eunotia acus [orthographic error] Epithemia argus var. alpestris (W.Sm.) Grunow Eunotia arcubus Nörpel-Schempp & Lange-Bert. in Epithemia argus var. longicornis (Ehrenb.) Grunow Lange-Bert. Epithemia emarginata Andrews Eunotia arcus Ehrenb. Epithemia frickei Krammer Eunotia arcus var. bidens Grunow Epithemia gibba (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Eunotia arcubus Nörpel-Schempp & Lange-Bert. Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenb.) O.Müll. in Lange-Bert. Epithemia gibba var. parallela Grunow Eunotia arcus var. fallax Hust. Rhopalodia parallela (Grunow) O.Müll. Eunotia bidens Ehrenb. Epithemia gibba var. ventricosa (Kütz.) Grunow Eunotia curvata (Kütz.) Lagerst. Rhopalodia gibba var. ventricosa (Kütz.) H.Perag. Eunotia diodon Ehrenb. & M.Perag. Eunotia exigua (Bréb.) Rabenh. Epithemia gibberula (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Eunotia flexuosa Bréb. ex Kütz. Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehrenb.) O.Müll. Eunotia flexuosa var. eurycephala Grunow Epithemia hyndmanni W.Sm. Eunotia formica Ehrenb. Epithemia intermedia Fricke Eunotia glacialis F.Meister Epithemia frickei Krammer Eunotia gracilis (Ehrenb.) Rabenh. Epithemia muelleri Fricke Eunotia glacialis F.Meister Epithemia ocellata (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Eunotia granulata Ehrenb. Epithemia reicheltii Fricke Epithemia turgida var. granulata (Ehrenb.) Brun Epithemia smithii Carruthers Eunotia incisa W.Sm. Diatom Checklist 529

Eunotia inflata (Grunow) Nörpel-Schempp & Lange- Eunotia woleirotii (Kütz.) Rabenh. Bert. in Lange-Bertalot Eunotia zebrina Ehrenb. Eunotia intermedia (Krasske) Nörpel-Schempp & Epithemia turgida var. zebrina (Ehrenb.) Rabenh. Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bertalot Eunotia lunaris (Ehrenb.) Grunow Fallacia fracta (Hust. ex Simonsen) D.G.Mann in Eunotia curvata (Kütz.) Lagerst. Round, Crawford & Mann Eunotia lunaris var. excisa Grunow Fallacia helensis (E.Schulz) D.G.Mann in Round, Eunotia curvata (Kütz.) Lagerst. Crawford & Mann Eunotia major (W.Sm.) Rabenh. Fallacia insociabilis (Krasske) D.G.Mann in Round, Eunotia major var. impressa (W.Sm.) Rabenh. Crawford & Mann Eunotia microcephala Krasske Fallacia monoculata (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Eunotia monodan (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. [orthographic error] Crawford & Mann Eunotia monodon Ehrenb. Fallacia omissa (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford Eunotia monodan var. major (W.Sm.) Hust. & Mann [orthographic error] Fallacia pseudomuralis (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Eunotia major (W.Sm.) Rabenh. Crawford & Mann Eunotia monodon Ehrenb. Fallacia pygmaea (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round, Eunotia monodontiforma Lange-Bert. & Nörpel in Crawford & Mann Lange-Bert. Fallacia subhamulata (Grunow in VanHeurck) Eunotia monodon var. major (W.Sm.) Hust. D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann Eunotia major (W.Sm.) Rabenh. Fallacia submitis (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford Eunotia monodontiforma in Lange-Bert. & Nörpel & Mann Lange-Bert. Eunotia naegelii Migula Fragellaria crotonensis Kitton [orthographic error] Eunotia parallela Ehrenb. Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton Eunotia pectinalis (O.Müll.) Rabenh. Eunotia pectinalis var. minor (Kütz.) Rabenh. Fragilaria acuta Ehrenb. Eunotia pectinalis var. undulata (Ralfs) Rabenh. Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow in Eunotia pectinalis var. ventricosa Grunow VanHeurck) D.M.Williams & Round Eunotia pectinalis fo. minor (Dillwyn) Rabenh. Fragilaria arcus (Ehrenb.) Cleve Eunotia perpusilla Grunow Hannaea arcus Eunotia praerupta Ehrenb. (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick Eunotia praerupta var. bidens (Ehrenb.) Grunow Fragilaria atomus Hust. Eunotia bidens Ehrenb. Fragilaria bicapitata Mayer Eunotia praerupta var. inflata Grunow Fragilariaforma bicapitata (Mayer) D.M.Williams Eunotia inflata (Grunow) Nörpel & Lange-Bert. in & Round Lange-Bert. Fragilaria bipunctata Ehrenb. Eunotia praerupta var. laticeps fo. curta Grunow Fragilaria capucina Desm. Eunotia praerupta Ehrenb. Fragilaria brevistriata Grunow in VanHeurck Eunotia pseudolunaris Venkt. Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow in Eunotia robusta var. tetraedon (Ehrenb.) Ralfs VanHeurck) D.M.Williams & Round Eunotia serra var. diadema (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick Fragilaria brevistriata var. binodis (Pant.) A.Cleve Eunotia septentrionalis Østrup Fragilaria brevistriata var. capitata Hérib. Eunotia serra Ehrenb. Fragilaria brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.) Hust. Eunotia serra var. diadema (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick Pseudostaurosira brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.) Eunotia tenella (Grunow) Hust. M.B.Edlund Eunotia trinacria Krasske Fragilaria brevistriata var. subcapitata Grunow in Eunotia valida Hust. VanHeurck [nom. illegit.] Eunotia vanheurckii R.M.Patrick Fragilaria capucina Desm. Eunotia vanheurckii var. intermedia (Krasske) Fragilaria capucina var. acuta (Ehrenb.) Rabenh. R.M.Patrick Fragilaria capucina var. lanceolata Grunow Eunotia intermedia (Krasske) Nörpel & Lange- Fragilaria capucina var. mesolepta Rabenh. Bert. in Lange-Bert. Fragilaria constricta Ehrenb. 530 Stoermer et al.

Fragilariaforma constricta (Ehrenb.) Fragilaria intermiedia var. fallax (Grunow) A.Cleve D.M.Williams & Round [orthographic error] Fragilaria constricta fo. stricta (A.Cleve) Hust. Fragilaria intermedia var. fallax (Grunow) Fragilariaforma constricta fo. stricta (A.Cleve) A.Cleve Poulin Fragilaria intermedia var. lanceolata Fusey Fragilaria construens (Ehrenb.) Grunow Fragilaria kriegeriana Krasske Staurosira construens Ehrenb. Kraskella kriegeriana (Krasske) R.Ross & Fragilaria construens var. bigibba A.Cleve P.A.Sims Pseudostaurosira construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.) Fragilaria lapponica Grunow M.B.Edlund Staurosirella lapponica (Grunow in VanHeurck) Fragilaria construens var. binodes (Ehrenb.) Grunow D.M.Williams & Round [orthographic error] Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehrenb.) Hust. Pseudostaurosira construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.) Staurosirella leptostauron (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams M.B.Edlund & Round Fragilaria construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.) Grunow Fragilaria leptostauron var. dubia (Grunow) Hust. Pseudostaurosira construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.) Staurosira leptostauron var. dubia (Grunow) M.B.Edlund (see note 10) M.B.Edlund Fragilaria construens var. capitata Hérib. Fragilaria leptostauron var. fossilis (Pant.) Z.Reháková Staurosira construens var. capitata (Hérib.) Bukht. Fragilaria leptostauron var. rhomboides (Grunow) Hust. Fragilaria construens var. minuta Temp. & M.Perag. Fragilaria linearis Castracane Fragilaria construens var. pumila Grunow Fragilariopsis linearis (Castracane) Hust. Fragilaria construens var. subsalina Hust. Fragilaria minuscula Grunow non D.M.Williams & Staurosira construens fo. subsalina (Hust.) Bukht. Round (see note 11) Fragilaria construens var. venter (Ehrenb.) Grunow Fragilaria mutabilis (W.Sm.) Grunow Staurosira construens var. venter (Ehrenb.) Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & P.B.Ham. in Hamilton, Poulin, Charles & Round Angell Fragilaria mutabilis var. intercedens Grunow in Fragilaria crotenensis Kitton [orthographic error] VanHeurck Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton Staurosirella pinnata var. intercedens (Grunow in Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton VanHeurck) P.B.Ham. in Hamilton, Fragilaria crotonensis var. oregona Sovereign Poulin, Prévost, Angell & Edlund Fragilaria crotonensis var. prolongata Grunow Fragilaria nitzschioides Grunow Fragilaria crotonensis var. tenuissima [nom. nud.] Fragilaria pantocsekii var. binodis (Pant.) A.Cleve Fragilaria entomon (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. Fragilaria brevistriata var. binodis (Pant.) A.Cleve Fragilaria gracillima Mayer Fragilaria parasitica (W.Sm.) Grunow Synedra amphicephala var. austriaca (Grunow) Synedra parasitica (W.Sm.) Hust. Hust. Fragilaria pinnata Ehrenb. Fragilaria harrisonii Grunow Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & Staurosirella leptostauron (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams Round & Round Fragilaria pinnata var. intercedens (Grunow in Fragilaria harrisonii var. dubia Grunow VanHeurck) Hust. Staurosira leptostauron var. dubia (Grunow) Staurosirella pinnata var. intercedens (Grunow in M.B.Edlund VanHeurck) P.B.Ham. in Hamilton, Fragilaria harrisonii var. rhomboides Grunow Poulin, Prévost, Angell & Edlund Staurosirella leptostauron var. rhomboides Fragilaria pinnata var. lancettula (Schum.) Hust. (Grunow) Bukht. Staurosirella pinnata var. lancettula (Schum.) Fragilaria heideni Østrup Poulin in Poulin, Hamilton & Proulx Fragilaria heideni var. istvanffyi (Pant.) Hust. Fragilaria radians (Kütz.) D.M.Williams & Round Fragilaria inflata (Heiden) Hust. Fragilaria rhomboides (Ehrenb.) DeToni [nom. nud.] Fragilaria heideni Østrup Fragilaria spinosa Skvortsov Fragilaria intermedia Grunow Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kütz.) J.B.Petersen (see note 12) Fragilaria intermedia var. continua A.Cleve Fragilaria vaucheriae var. capitellata (Grunow) Fragilaria intermedia var. fallax (Grunow) A.Cleve R.M.Patrick Diatom Checklist 531

Fragilaria vaucheriae var. fallax Grunow Geissleria schoenfeldii (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzetlin Fragilaria vaucheriae var. lanceolata Mayer in Lange-Bert. Fragilaria vaucheriae var. parvula (Kütz.) A.Cleve Geissleria similis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in Fragilaria vaucheriae var. truncata (Grev.) Grunow Lange-Bert. Fragilaria virescens Ralfs Geissleria tectissima (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert. Fragilariforma virescens (Ralfs) D.M.Williams & Geissleria thingvallae (Østrup) Metzeltin & Lange-Bert. Round in Lange-Bert. Fragilaria virescense [orthographic error] Fragilaria virescens var. capitata Østrup Gloeonema paradoxum Ehrenb. Fragilariforma virescens var. capitata (Østrup) Encyonema prostratum (Berk.) Kütz. Czarn. Gloeonema triangulatum Ehrenb. Fragilaria virescens var. mesolepta (Rabenh.) Schönf. Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Fragilaria virescens var. oblongella Grunow Gomphoneis eriense (Grunow) Skvortsov & K.I.Meyer Fragilariaforma bicapitata (Mayer) D.M.Williams & Gomphoneis geitleri Kociolek & Stoermer Round Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehrenb.) Cleve Fragilariaforma constricta (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & Gomphoneis herculeana var. robusta (Grunow) Cleve Round Gomphoneis olivacea (Hornemann) P.A.Dawson ex Fragilariaforma constricta fo. stricta (A.Cleve) Poulin R.Ross & P.A.Sims Fragilariforma virescens (Ralfs) D.M.Williams & Gomphoneis olivacea var. calcarea (Cleve) Poulin in Round Poulin, Hamilton & Proulx Fragilariforma virescens var. capitata (Østrup) Czarn. Gomphoneis quadripunctata (Østrup) P.A.Dawson ex R.Ross & P.A.Sims Fragilariopsis linearis (Castracane) Hust. Gomphoneis quadripunctata var. cochleariformis Kociolek & Stoermer Frustulia erifuga Lange-Bert. & Krammer in Lange-Bert. Gomphonema abbreviatum C.Agardh Frustulia rhomboides (Ehrenb.) DeToni Gomphonema abbreviatum var. inflata Hust. Frustulia rhomboides var. amphipleuroides (Grunow) Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb. Cleve in Cleve & Grunow Gomphonema acuminatum var. brebissonii (Kütz.) Cleve Frustulia rhomboides var. crassinervia (Bréb.) R.Ross Gomphonema acuminatum var. coronatum (Ehrenb.) Frustulia rhomboides var. saxonica (Rabenh.) DeToni Rabenh. Frustulia saxonica Ehrenb. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb. Frustulia rhomboides var. viridula (Bréb.) Cleve Gomphonema acuminatum var. intermedia Grunow Frustulia erifuga Lange-Bert. & Krammer in Gomphonema acuminatum var. laticeps Ehrenb. Lange-Bert. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb. Frustulia saxonica Ehrenb. Gomphonema acuminatum var. pusillum Grunow Frustulia viridula (Bréb.) DeToni Gomphonema acuminatum var. pussilum Grunow Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) DeToni [orthographic error] Frustulia vulgaris var. capitata Krasske Gomphonema acuminatum var. pusillum Grunow Frustulia weinholdii Hust. Gomphonema acuminatum var. sphaerophora [nom. nud.] Gallionella distans Ehrenb. Gomphonema sphaerophorum Ehrenb. Aulacoseira distans (Ehrenb.) Simonsen Gomphonema acuminatum var. trigonocephalum (Ehrenb.) Grunow Geissleria acceptata (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in Gomphonema acuminatum var. turris Ehrenb. (see note Lange-Bert. 13) Geissleria declivis (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Gomphonema turris Ehrenb. Geissleria decussis (Østrup) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in Gomphonema affine Kütz. Lange-Bert. Gomphonema affine var. elongatum (Mayer) Millie & Geissleria kriegeri (Krasske) Lange-Bert. R.L.Lowe Geissleria paludosa (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in Gomphonema affine var. insigne (W.Greg.) Lange-Bert. G.W.Andrews 532 Stoermer et al.

Gomphonema americanum Ehrenb. Gomphonema helveticum var. tenuis Hust. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb. Gomphonema herculeanum Ehrenb. Gomphonema angustatum (Kütz.) Rabenh. Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehrenb.) Cleve Gomphonema angustatum var. citera (M.H.Hohn & Gomphonema herculeanum var. robusta Grunow Hellerm.) R.M.Patrick Gomphoneis herculeana var. robusta (Grunow) Gomphonema angustatum var. obtusatum (Kütz.) Grunow Cleve Gomphonema angustatum var. productum Grunow Gomphonema intricatum Kütz. (see note 14) Gomphonema productum Lange-Bert. & Reichardt Gomphonema vibrio var. intricatum (Kütz.) R.Ross in Lange-Bert. Gomphonema intricatum var. dichotomum (Kütz.) Gomphonema angustatum var. sarcophagus (W.Greg.) Grunow Grunow Gomphonema dichotomum Kütz. Gomphonema angustatum var. sarcophagus fo. undulata Gomphonema intricatum var. fossilis Pant. [nom. illegit.] Gomphonema vibrio var. fossile (Pant.) R.Ross Gomphonema angustatum var. undulata Grunow Gomphonema intricatum var. pumila Grunow (see note Gomphonema angustatum fo. undulata Grunow 15) Gomphonema apuncto J.H.Wallace Gomphonema vibiro var. pumilum (Grunow in Gomphonema augur Ehrenb. VanHeurck) R.Ross Gomphonema bohemicum Reichelt & Fricke Gomphonema intricatum var. vibrio (Ehrenb.) Cleve (see Gomphonema brasiliense Grunow note 16) Gomphonema capitatum Ehrenb. Gomphonema lanceolatum Ehrenb. Gomphonema truncatum var. capitatum (Ehrenb.) Gomphonema grunowii R.M.Patrick R.M.Patrick Gomphonema lanceolatum var. insignis (W.Greg.) Cleve Gomphonema clevei Fricke Gomphonema affine var. insigne (W.Greg.) Gomphonema consector M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Andrews Gomphonema constrictum Ehrenb. Gomphonema laticeps Ehrenb. Gomphonema truncatum Ehrenb. Gomphonema leptocampum Kociolek & Stoermer Gomphonema constrictum var. capitata (Ehrenb.) Gomphonema lingulatum Hust. VanHeurck Gomphonema grovei var. lingulatum (Hust.) Gomphonema truncatum var. capitatum (Ehrenb.) Lange-Bert. in Krammer & Lange-Bert. R.M.Patrick Gomphonema longiceps Ehrenb. Gomphonema coronatum Ehrenb. Gomphonema longiceps gracilis nom. nud. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb. var. Hust. [ ] Gomphonema crenulata (Ehrenb.) Kütz. [nom. nud.] Gomphonema longiceps var. montana (Schum.) Hust. Gomphonema curvatum Kütz. Gomphonema montanum Schum. Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kütz.) Grunow Gomphonema longiceps var. subclavatum Grunow Gomphonema dichotomum Kütz. Gomphonema longiceps var. subclavatum fo. gracilis Gomphonema eriense Grunow Hust. Gomphoneis eriense (Grunow) Skvortsov & Gomphonema longiceps fo. gracilis Hust. K.I.Mey. Gomphonema manubrium M.Schmidt & Fricke Gomphonema exilissima (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & Gomphonema manubrium M.Schmidt & Fricke sensu Reichart in Lange-Bert. Kociolek & Stoermer Gomphonema geminata (Lyngb.) C.Agardh Gomphonema submehleri Kociolek & Stoermer Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M.Schmidt Gomphonema montanum Schum. Gomphonema germainii Kociolek & Stoermer Gomphonema obscurum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr. Gomphonema gracile Ehrenb. emend. VanHeurck [orthographic error] Gomphonema gracile var. cymbelloides Grunow Gyrosigma obscurum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr. Gomphonema gracile var. dicotoma (Kütz.) Grunow Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. Gomphonema gracile var. naviculacea (W.Sm.) Cleve Gomphonema olivaceum var. olivaceoides (Hust.) Gomphonema grovei M.Schmidt Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer Gomphonema grovei var. lingulatum (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Gomphonema olivaceoides var. cochleariformis Mang. in Krammer & Lange-Bert. Gomphonema olivaceoides var. densestriata Foged Gomphonema grunowii R.M.Patrick Gomphonema olivaceoides var. hutchinsoniana Gomphonema helveticum Brun R.M.Patrick Diatom Checklist 533

Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyngb.) Kütz. Gomphonema truncatum var. capitatum (Ehrenb.) Gomphoneis olivacea (Hornemann) P.A.Dawson R.M.Patrick in Patrick & Reimer ex R.Ross & P.A.Sims Gomphonema truncatum var. macilentum Kociolek & Gomphonema olivaceum var. calcareum (Cleve) Cleve Stoermer Gomphoneis olivacea var. calcareum (Cleve) Gomphonema truncatum var. turgidum (Ehrenb.) Poulin R.M.Patrick in Patrick & Reimer Gomphonema olivaceum var. minutissima Hust. Gomphonema tumens Kociolek & Stoermer Gomphonema olivaceum var. olivaceoides (Hust.) Gomphonema turgidum Grunow Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer Gomphonema truncatum var. turgidum (Ehrenb.) Gomphonema olivacium (Lyngb.) Kütz. [orthographic R.M.Patrick error] Gomphonema turris Ehrenb. Gomphoneis olivacea (Hornemann) P.A.Dawson Gomphonema ventricosum W.Greg. ex R.Ross & P.A.Sims Gomphonema ventricosum W.Greg. sensu Kociolek & Gomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz. Stoermer 1987 Gomphonema parvulum var. exilissima Grunow Gomphonema submehleri Kociolek & Stoermer Gomphonema exilissima (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & Gomphonema vibrio Ehrenb. E.Reichardt in Lange-Bert. Gomphonema vibrio var. fossile (Pant.) R.Ross Gomphonema parvulum var. lagenula (Kütz.) Freng. Gomphonema vibrio var. intricatum (Kütz.) R.Ross Gomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz. Gomphonema vibrio var. pumilum (Grunow in Gomphonema parvulum var. micropus (Kütz.) Cleve VanHeurck) R.Ross Gomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz. Gomphonema parvulum var. subelliptica Cleve Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rabenh. Gomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz. Gyrosigma attenuatum (Kütz.) Rabenh. Gomphonema productum Lange-Bert. & E.Reichardt in Gyrosigma exilis (Grunow) C.W.Reimer Lange-Bert. Gyrosigma eximium (Thwaites) Boyer Gomphonema pseudoaugur Lange-Bert. Gyrosigma kuetzingii (Grunow) Cleve Gomphonema pseudotenellum Lange-Bert. Gyrosigma spencerii (Quek.) J. W. Griff. & Henfr. Gomphonema pygmaeum Kociolek & Stoermer (see note 18) Gomphonema quadripunctatum (Østrup) Wislouch Gyrosigma macrum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff & Henfr. Gomphoneis quadripunctata (Østrup) P.A.Dawson Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grunow) C.W.Reimer sensu ex R.Ross & P.A.Sims in Gomphonema robustum Grunow Reimer Patrick & Reimer Gomphonema sarcophagus W.Greg. Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb. Gomphonema semiapertum Grunow Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grunow) C.W.Reimer sensu Gomphonema sphaerophorum Ehrenb. Krammer & Lange-Bert. Gomphonema subclavata fo. gracilis (Hust.) Woodhead Gyrosigma sciotoense (Sull. & Wormley) Cleve & Tweed Gyrosigma obscurum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr. Gomphonema subclavatum (Grunow) Grunow Gyrosigma parkeri (M.B.Harrison) Elmore Gomphonema subclavatum fo. gracilis (Hust.) Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb. Woodhead & Tweed Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb. Gomphonema subclavatum var. mexicanum [nom. Gyrosigma scalproides (Rabenh.) Cleve illegit.] (see note 17) Gyrosigma obtusatum (Sull. & Wormley) Boyer Gomphonema subclavatum var. mustela (Ehrenb.) Cleve Gyrosigma sciotense (Sull. & Wormley) Cleve Gomphonema longiceps Ehrenb. [historical orthographic error of sciotoense] Gomphonema submehleri Kociolek & Stoermer Gyrosigma sciotoense (Sull. & Wormley) Cleve Gomphonema subtile Ehrenb. Gyrosigma sciotoense (Sull. & Wormley) Cleve Gomphonema subtile var. sagitta (Schum.) Cleve Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grunow) C.W.Reimer Gomphonema superiorensis Kociolek & Stoermer sensu Krammer & Lange-Bert. Gomphonema tenellum Kütz. Gyrosigma spencerii (Quek.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr. Gomphonema pseudotenellum Lange-Bert. Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rabenh. Gomphonema tergestinum (Grunow) Fricke Gyrosigma spencerii var. curvula (Grunow) C.W.Reimer Gomphonema trigonocephalum Ehrenb. Gyrosigma spencerii var. nodifera Grunow Gomphonema truncatum Ehrenb. Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grunow) C.W.Reimer 534 Stoermer et al.

Gyrosigma strigile (W.Sm.) Cleve Luticola muticopsis (VanHeurck) D.G.Mann in Round, Gyrosigma strigilis (W.Sm.) Cleve Crawford & Mann Gyrosigma strigilis (W.Sm.) Cleve Gyrosigma temperei Cleve Lysigonium granulata (Ehrenb.) Kuntze Gyrosigma wormleyi (Sull.) Boyer Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb. Lysigonium varians (C.Agardh) DeToni Melosira varians C.Agardh Hannaea arcus (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick (see note 9) Hannaea arcus var. amphioxys (Rabenh.) R.M.Patrick Martyana martyi (Hérib.) F.E.Round in Round, Hannaea arcus var. linearis Holmboe Crawford & Mann

Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow (see note 19) Mastogloia braunii Grunow Hantzschia amphioxys var. capitata O.Müll. Mastogloia grevillei W.Sm. Hantzschia amphioxys var. vivax (Hantzsch) Grunow Mastogloia lacustris (Grunow) VanHeurck Hantzschia virgata (Roper) Grunow in Cleve & Grunow Mastogloia smithii var. lacustris Grunow Hantzschia virgata var. capitellata Hust. Mastogloia smithii Thwaites Mastogloia smithii var. amphicephala Grunow Hippodonta capitata (Ehrenb.) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin & Mastogloia smithii var. lacustris Grunow Witkowski Hippodonta costulata (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin Melosira agassizii Ostenf. & Witkowski Aulacoseira agassizii (Ostenf.) Simonsen Hippodonta hungarica (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin Melosira agassizii var. malayensis Hust. & Witkowski Aulacoseira agassizii var. malayensis (Hust.) Hippodonta linearis (Østrup) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin & Simonsen Witkowski Melosira ambigua (Grunow) O.Müll. Hippodonta lueneburgensis (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Aulacoseira ambigua (Grunow) Simonsen Metzeltin & Witkowski Melosira arenaria Moore ex Ralfs Hippodonta subcostulata (Hust.) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin Ellerbeckia arenaria (Moore ex Ralfs) & Witkowski R.M.Crawford Melosira binderana Kütz. Homoeocladia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) Elmore Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kütz.) Willi Kreig. Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W.Sm. Melosira canadensis Hust. Aulacoseira canadensis (Hust.) Simonsen Hyalosynedra laevigata (Grunow) D.M.Williams & Melosira crenulata (Ehrenb.) Kütz.(see note 20) Round Melosira crenulata var. tenuis Kütz. (see note 20) Melosira crotonensis (J.W.Bail.) H.L.Sm. Karayevia clevei (Grunow in Cleve & Grunow) Round Melosira italica (Ehrenb.) Kütz. & Bukht. Melosira dendroteres (Rabenh.) R.Ross (see note 21) Karayevia laterostrata (Hust.) Round & Bukht. Melosira dickiei (Thwaites) Kütz. Kobayasia jaagii (F.Meister) Lange-Bert. Melosira distans (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Kobayasia subtilissima (Cleve) Lange-Bert. Aulacoseira distans (Ehrenb.) Simonsen Melosira distans var. alpigena Grunow Kolbesia kolbei (Hust.) Round & Bukht. Aulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) Krammer Kolbesia ploenensis (Hust.) Round & Bukht. Melosira distans var. limnetica O.Müll. Aulacoseira distans var. limnetica (O.Müll.) Krasskella kriegerana (Krasske) R.Ross & P.A.Sims Simonsen Melosira granulata (Ehrenb.) Ralfs Luticola mutica (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen & Mann Melosira granulata var. angustissima O.Müll. Luticola cohnii (Hilse) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima (O.Müll.) Mann Simonsen Luticola muticoides (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Melosira granulata var. angustissima fo. curvata Crawford & Mann Grunow Diatom Checklist 535

Melosira granulata var. angustissima fo. spiralis Microsiphona potamos Weber O.Müll. Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle in Hasle & Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima fo. Evensen spiralis (Hust.) Czarn. & Reinke Melosira granulata var. muzzanensis (F.Meister) Bethge Navicula aboensis (Cleve) Hust. Aulacoseira granulata var. muzzanensis Navicula abiskoensis Hust. (F.Meister) Simonsen Navicula absoluta Hust. Melosira granulata fo. curvata Grunow Navicula acceptata Hust. Melosira granulata fo. spiralis Grunow Geissleria acceptata (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Melosira granulata status a (O.Müll.) Hust. [nom. Metzeltin in Lange-Bert. illegit.] Navicula accomoda Hust. Craticula accomoda (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Melosira granulate [orthographic error] Crawford & Mann Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen Navicula affinis Ehrenb. Melosira islandica O.Müll. Navicula agnita Hust. Aulacoseira islandica (O.Müll.) Simonsen Navicula aikensis R.M.Patrick Melosira islandica subsp. helvetica O.Müll. Navicula ambigua Ehrenb. Aulacoseira islandica subsp. helvetica (O.Müll.) Craticula ambigua (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann in Round, Simonsen Crawford & Mann Melosira islandica-ambigua O.Müll. (Grunow) O.Müll. Navicula ambigua var. craticularis Ehrenb. [nom. illegit.] Craticula ambigua (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann in Round, Melosira italica (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Crawford & Mann Aulacoseira italica (Ehrenb.) Simonsen Navicula americana Ehrenb. Melosira italica var. tenuis (Grunow) O.Müll. Sellaphora americana (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann Melosira italica var. tenuissima (Grunow) O.Müll. Navicula americana var. alastis M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Aulacoseira italica var. tenuissima (Grunow) Navicula amphibola Cleve Simonsen Navicula amphibola var. perrieri M.Perag. & Hérib. Melosira italica var. valida Grunow Navicula amphibola var. polymorpha Fusey Aulacoseira valilda (Grunow) Krammer in Navicula amphiceros Kütz. Krammer & Lange-Bert. Navicula rhynchotella Lange-Bert. Melosira italica subsp. subarctica O.Müll. Navicula amphigomphus Ehrenb. Aulacoseira subarctica (O.Müll.) E.Y.Haw. Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehrenb.) Melosira lacustris H.H.Chase [nom. nud.] Mayer Melosira longispina Hust. Navicula amygdalina Hust. Melosira roseana Rabenh. Navicula anatis M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Melosira dendroteres (Rabenh.) R.Ross Navicula anglica Ralfs sensu Hust. Orthoseira dendroteres (Rabenh.) R.M.Crawford Placoneis pseudanglica (Lange-Bert.) E.J.Cox Navicula anglica var. signata Hust. (see note 21) Navicula anglica var. subsalsa (Grunow) Cleve Melosira undulata (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Navicula angusta Grunow Melosira undulata var. normanii Arn. Navicula angustata W.Sm. Melosira varians C.Agardh Navicula appendiculata (C.Agardh) Kütz. Pinnularia appendiculata (C.Agardh) Cleve Meridion anceps (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams Navicula arvensis Hust. Meridion circulare (Grev.) C.Agardh Navicula atomus (Kütz.) Grunow Meridion circulare var. constrictum (Ralfs) VanHeurck Navicula atomus var. permitis (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Meridion constrictum Ralfs Navicula atomus var. recondita (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Meridion circulare var. constrictum (Ralfs) Navicula aurora Sovereign VanHeurck Navicula bacillaris W.Greg. Meridion intermedium H.L.Sm. Navicula bacilliformis Grunow Meridion intermedium var. constrictum H.L.Sm. Sellaphora bacilliformis (Grunow) Mereschk. Meridion vernale C.Agardh Navicula bacillum Ehrenb. Meridion circulare (Grev.) C.Agardh Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann 536 Stoermer et al.

Navicula bacillium Ehrenb. [orthographic error] Navicula cincta var. rostrata C.W.Reimer Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann Navicula circumtexta F.Meister Navicula bacillus [orthographic error] Navicula citrus Krasske Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann Navicula clamans Hust. Navicula balcanica Hust. Navicula clementis Grunow Navicula begeri Krasske Placoneis clementis (Grunow) E.J.Cox Chamaepinnularia begeri (Krasske) Lange-Bert. Navicula clementis var. linearis Brander Navicula bicapitata Lagerst. Navicula clementis var. quadristigmata Mang. Navicula bicapitellata Hust. Navicula clementoides Hust. Navicula bicephala Hust. Placoneis clementioides (Hust.) E.J.Cox Navicula bicontracta Østrup Navicula cocconeiformis W.Greg. ex Grev. Oestrupia bicontracta (Østrup) Lange-Bert. & Cavinula cocconeiformis (W.Greg. ex Grev.) Krammer D.G.Mann & Stickle in Round, Crawford Navicula binodis Ehrenb. & Mann Neidium binode (Ehrenb.) Hust. Navicula confervacea (Kütz.) Grunow Navicula brebissonii Kütz. Diadesmis confervacea Kütz. Pinnularia brebissonii (Kütz.) Rabenh. Navicula confervacea var. peregrina (W.Sm.) Grunow Navicula bryophila J.B.Petersen Diadesmis peregrina W.Sm. Navicula campylogramma Ehrenb. Navicula constans var. symmetrica Hust. Scoliopleura campylogramma (Ehrenb.) Rabenh. Navicula contenta Grunow Navicula canalis R.M.Patrick Diadesmis contenta (Grunow ex VanHeurck) Navicula capitata Ehrenb. D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann Hippodonta capitata (Ehrenb.) Lange-Bert., Navicula contenta var. biceps (Arn. ms., Grunow in Metzeltin & Witkowski VanHeurck) Cleve Navicula capitata var. hungarica (Grunow) R.Ross Diadesmis contenta var. biceps (Grunow in Hippodonta hungarica (Grunow) Lange-Bert., VanHeurck) Poulin Metzeltin & Witkowski Navicula contraria R.M.Patrick Navicula capitata var. linearis (Østrup) Stoermer & Navicula costulata Grunow in Cleve & Grunow Kreis Hippodonta costulata (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Hippodonta linearis (Østrup) Lange-Bert., Metzelin & Witkowski Metzeltin & Witkowski Navicula costuloides Skvortsov Navicula capitata var. lueneburgensis (Grunow) Navicula crucicula (W.Sm.) Donkin R.M.Patrick Navicula cryptocefalsa Lange-Bert. Hippodonta lueneburgensis (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Navicula cryptocephala Kütz. Metzeltin & Witkowski Navicula cryptocephala Lange-Bert. Navicula capitata var. lueneburgensis fo. elegans Navicula cryptocephala var. exilis (Kütz.) Grunow Østrup Navicula cryptocephala var. intermedia VanHeurck Navicula capitata var. lunenbergensis fo. elegans Østrup Navicula capitatoradiata Germain [orthographic error] Navicula cryptocephala var. lancettula (Schum.) Navicula capitata var. lueneburgensis fo. elegans Grunow Østrup Navicula cryptocephala var. veneta (Kütz.) Rabenh. Navicula capitatoradiata Germain Navicula cryptocephaloides Hust. Navicula capsa M.H.Hohn Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bert. Navicula cardinalis Ehrenb. Navicula cuspidata (Kütz.) Kütz. Pinnularia cardinalis (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. Craticula cuspidata (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round, Navicula cari Ehrenb. (see note 22) Crawford & Mann Navicula cari var. angusta Grunow Navicula cuspidata var. ambigua (Ehrenb.) Cleve Navicula caroliniana R.M.Patrick Craticula ambigua (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann in Round, Navicula cascadensis Sovereign Crawford & Mann Navicula castutata [orthographic error] Navicula cuspidata var. major F.Meister Navicula certa Hust. (non F.Meister 1934) Craticula cuspidata var. major (F.Meister) Czarn. Navicula splendicula VanLand. Navicula declivis Hust. Navicula cincta (Ehrenb.) Ralfs Geissleria declivis (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Diatom Checklist 537

Navicula decussis Østrup Pinnularia globiceps W.Greg. Geissleria decussis (Østrup) Lange-Bert. & Navicula globosa F.Meister Metzeltin in Lange-Bert. Navicula goeppertiana (Bleisch) H.L.Smith Navicula densestriata Hust. Navicula gottlandica Grunow Navicula detenta Hust. Navicula gracilis Ehrenb. Navicula dicephala W.Sm. Navicula tripunctata (O.F.Müll.) Bory Placoneis dicephala (W.Sm.) Mersechk. Navicula gracilis var. schizonemoides VanHeurck Navicula dicephala var. elginensis (W.Greg.) Cleve Navicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides Navicula dilata Ehrenb. (VanHeurck) R.M.Patrick Neidium dilatatum (Ehrenb.) Cleve Navicula graciloides Mayer Navicula diluviana Krasske Navicula graciloides Mayer sensu Hust. Cymbella diluviana (Krasske) M.Florin Navicula gregaria Donkin Navicula disputans R.M.Patrick Navicula grimmei Krasske Navicula dissipata Hust. Navicula gysingensis Foged Navicula distinctastriata M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Navicula halophila (Grunow) Cleve Navicula divergens (W.Sm.) Ralfs Craticula halophila (Grunow) D.G. Mann in Pinnularia divergens W.Sm. Round, Crawford & Mann Navicula dubia Ehrenb. Navicula halophila fo. tenuirostris Hust. Neidium dubium (Ehrenb.) Cleve Craticula vixvisibilis (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Navicula dulcis Krasske Navicula hambergii Hust. Achnanthes incognita Krasske Navicula hantzschia [nom. nud.] Navicula elegans W.Sm. Navicula hassiaca Krasske Navicula elginensis (W.Greg.) Ralfs Chamaepinnularia soehrensis (Krasske) Lange- Placoneis elginensis (W.Greg.) E.J.Cox Bert. Navicula elginensis var. lata (M.Perag.) R.M.Patrick Navicula hasta Pant. Navicula elginensis var. neglecta (Krasske) R.M.Patrick Navicula helensis E.Schulz Navicula elginensis var. rostrata (Mayer) R.M.Patrick Fallacia helensis (E.Schulz) D.G. Mann in Round, Navicula elliptica Kütz. Crawford & Mann Diploneis elliptica (Kütz.) Cleve Navicula hemiptera Kütz. Navicula elliptica var. minutissima Grunow Pinnularia hemiptera (Kütz.) Rabenh. Diploneis puella (Schum.) Cleve Navicula heufleri Grunow Navicula excelsa Krasske Navicula heufleri var. leptocephala (Bréb.) R.M.Patrick Navicula exigua (W.Greg.) Grunow Navicula hitchcockii Ehrenb. Placoneis exigua (W.Greg.) Mersechk. Neidium hitchcockii (Ehrenb.) Cleve Navicula exigua var. capitata R.M.Patrick Navicula hungarica Grunow Navicula exiguiformis Hust. Hippodonta hungarica (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Navicula exiguoides Hust. Metzeltin & Witkowski Navicula exilis Kütz. Navicula hungarica var. capitata (Ehrenb.) Cleve Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) R.Ross in B.Hartley Navicula capitata Ehrenb. Navicula explanata Hust. Navicula hungarica var. linearis Østrup Navicula farta Hust. Hippodonta linearis (Østrup) Lange-Bert., Navicula festiva Krasske Metzeltin & Witkowski Navicula fracta Hust. Navicula hustedtii Krasske Fallacia fracta (Hust. ex Simonsen) D.G.Mann in Navicula hustedtii fo. obtusa (Hust.) Hust. (see note 23) Round, Crawford & Mann Navicula imbricata Bock Navicula gastriformis Hust. Navicula importuna Hust. Navicula gastrum (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Navicula incerta Grunow Placoneis gastrum (Ehrenb.) Mersechk. Navicula inflata Donkin Navicula gastrum var. signata Hust. Navicula inflexa (W.Greg.) Ralfs Navicula gibba (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Navicula ingenua Hust. Pinnularia gibba Ehrenb. Navicula ingrata Krasske Navicula gibbosa Hust. Navicula insignita Hust. Navicula globiceps W.Greg. Navicula insociabilis Krasske 538 Stoermer et al.

Fallacia insociabilis (Krasske) D.G.Mann in Navicula lenzii Hust. Round, Crawford & Mann Navicula levanderi Hust. Navicula insociabilis var. dissipatoides Hust. Neidium levanderi (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin Navicula integra (W.Sm.) Ralfs in Lange-Bert. Navicula interglacialis Hust. Navicula limosa Kütz. Navicula intractata Hust. Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick Cavinula intractata (Hust.) Lange-Bert. in Lange- Navicula limosa var. gibberula (Kütz.) Grunow Bert. & Metzeltin Caloneis silicula var. limosa (Kütz.) VanLand. Navicula iridis Ehrenb. Navicula limosa var. subinflata Grunow Neidium iridis (Ehrenb.) Cleve Caloneis silicula var. inflata (Grunow) Cleve Navicula iridis var. affinis VanHeurck Navicula limosa var. undulata Grunow Neidium productum (W.Sm.) Cleve Caloneis silicula var. undulata (Grunow) Cleve Navicula iridis var. amphigomphus Ehrenb. Navicula longa Ralfs Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehrenb.) Navicula longirostris Hust. (see note 26) Mayer Navicula lundstroemii Cleve Navicula iridis var. amphirhynchus Ehrenb. Cosmioneis lundstroemii (Cleve in Cleve & Neidium affine var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenb.) Grunow) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford Cleve & Mann Navicula iridis var. firma W.Sm. Navicula lundstromii [orthographic error] Neidium iridis (Ehrenb.) Cleve Cosmioneis lundstroemii (Cleve in Cleve & in Navicula iridis var. producta W.Sm. Grunow) D.G.Mann Round, Crawford & Mann Neidium productum (W.Sm.) Cleve Navicula luzonensis Hust. Navicula jaagii F.Meister Navicula major Kütz. Kobayasia jaagii (F.Meister) Lange-Bert. Pinnularia major (Kütz.) Rabenh. Navicula jaernefeltii Hust. Navicula maxima W.Greg. Cavinula jaernefeltii (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Stickle Caloneis liber (W.Sm.) Cleve in Round, Crawford & Mann Navicula mediocris Krasske Navicula jarnfeldtii Hust. [orthographic error] Chamaepinnularia mediocris (Krasske) Lange- Cavinula jaernefeltii (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Stickle Bert. in Round, Crawford & Mann Navicula menisculoides Hust. Navicula jentzschii Grunow Navicula menisculus Schum. Navicula kotschyi Grunow (see note 24) Navicula menisculus var. krenneri A.Cleve Navicula krasskei Hust. Navicula menisculus var. obtusa Hust. Navicula kriegeri Krasske Navicula menisculus var. upsaliensis (Grunow in Cleve Geissleria kriegeri (Krasske) Lange-Bert. & Grunow) Grunow in VanHeurck Navicula lacunarum Grunow Navicula meniscus Schum. Navicula lacustris W.Greg. Navicula mesolepta Ehrenb. Cavinula lacustris (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann & Stickle Pinnularia mesolepta (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. in Round, Crawford & Mann Navicula mesolepta var. ? Ehrenb. [nom. illegit.] Navicula laevissima Kütz. Navicula micropupula Cholnoky Sellaphora laevissima (Kütz.) D.G.Mann Navicula minima Grunow Navicula ladogensis Cleve Navicula minima var. okamurae Skvortsov Neidium ladogense (Cleve) Stoermer & J.J.Yang Navicula minnewaukonensis Elmore Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. (see note 25) Navicula minuscula Grunow Navicula lanceolata var. cymbula (Donkin) Cleve Navicula minuscula var. alpestris Hust. Navicula lanceolata var. tenuirostris Skvortsov Navicula minusculoides Hust. Navicula latens Krasske Navicula monoculata Hust. Geissleria thingvallae (Østrup) Metzeltin & Fallacia monoculata (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. Crawford & Mann Navicula lateropunctata J.H.Wallace Navicula muraliformis Hust. Navicula laterostrata Hust. Navicula muralis Grunow Diatom Checklist 539

Navicula mutica Kütz. Navicula placentula (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Luticola mutica (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round, Placoneis placentula (Ehrenb.) Heinzerl. Crawford & Mann Navicula placentula var. maculata Hust. Navicula mutica var. cohnii (Hilse) Grunow Navicula placentula var. rostrata Mayer Luticola cohnii (Hilse) D.G.Mann in Round, Placoneis placentula fo. rostrata (Mayer) Bukht. Crawford & Mann Navicula platycephala O.Müll. Navicula mutica var. nivalis (Ehrenb.) Hust. Navicula platystoma Ehrenb. Navicula mutica var. tropica Hust. Navicula platystoma var. pantocsekii Wislouch & Kolbe Navicula goeppertiana (Bleisch) H.L.Smith Navicula porifera var. opportuna (Hust.) Lange-Bert. in Navicula mutica var. undulata (Hilse) Grunow Krammer & Lange-Bert. Navicula muticoides Hust. Navicula potzgeri C.W.Reimer Luticola muticoides (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Navicula praeterita Hust. Crawford & Mann Navicula praterita [orthographic error] Navicula muticopsis VanHeurck Navicual praeterita Hust. Luticola muticopsis (VanHeurck) D.G.Mann in Navicula producta W.Sm. Round, Crawford & Mann Neidium productum (W.Sm.) Cleve Navicula neoventricosa Hust. Navicula protracta (Grunow) Cleve Navicula nobilis (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Navicula protracta var. elliptica Gallik Pinnularia nobilis (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. Navicula protracta fo. subcapitata (Wislouch & Navicula notha J.H.Wallace V.S.Poretzky) Hust. Navicula nyassensis O.Müll. Navicula pseudanglica Lange-Bert. Sellaphora nyassensis (O.Müll.) D.G.Mann Navicula pseudobacillum Grunow Navicula nyassensis fo. minor O.Müll. Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G. Mann Navicula obdurata M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Navicula pseudoclementis Hust. Navicula oblonga (Kütz.) Kütz. Navicula pseudomuralis Hust. Navicula oblongum var. subcapitata Pant. Fallacia pseudomuralis (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Navicula odiosa J.H.Wallace Round, Crawford & Mann Navicula omissa Hust. Navicula pseudoreinhardtii R.M.Patrick Fallacia omissa (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Navicula pseudoscutiformis Hust. Crawford & Mann Cavinula pseudoscutiformis (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Navicula opportuna Hust. Stickle in Round, Crawford & Mann Navicula porifera var. opportuna (Hust.) Lange- Navicula pseudoventralis Hust. Bert. in Krammer & Lange-Bert. Navicula punctata Donkin Navicula oppugnata Hust. Navicula pupla [orthographic error] Navicula ordinaria Hust. Navicula pupula Kütz. Navicula paanaensis A.Cleve Sellaphora pupula (Kütz.) Mereschk. Navicula paca M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Navicula pupula var. aquaeductae (Krasske) Hust. Navicula paludosa Hust. Navicula pupula var. bacillariodes Grunow Geissleria paludosa (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Navicula pupula var. capitata Hust. Metzeltin in Lange-Bert. Sellaphora parapupula Lange.-Bert. Navicula parva Ralfs Navicula pupula var. elliptica Hust. Navicula paucivisitata R.M.Patrick Sellaphora pupula var. elliptica (Hust.) Poulin in Navicula pelliculosa Hilse Poulin, Hamilton & Proulx Navicula peratomus Hust. Navicula pupula var. mutata (Krasske) Hust. Navicula peregrina (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Sellaphora mutata (Krasske) Lange-Bert. Navicula permitis Hust. Navicula pupula var. rectangularis (W.Greg.) Grunow Navicula atomus var. permitis (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Sellaphora rectangularis (W.Greg.) Lange-Bert. & Navicula perpusilla (Kütz.) Grunow Metzeltin in Lange-Bert. Diadesmis perpusilla (Grunow) D.G.Mann in Navicula pupula var. rostrata Hust. Round, Crawford & Mann Sellaphora pupula fo. rostrata (Hust.) Bukht. Navicula perrotettii (Grunow) Cleve Navicula pusilla W.Sm. Navicula perrotettii var. enervis Hust. Cosmioneis pusilla (W.Sm.) D.G.Mann & Stickle Navicula placenta Ehrenb. in Round, Crawford & Mann 540 Stoermer et al.

Navicula pygmaea Kütz. Navicula sculpta Ehrenb. Fallacia pygmaea (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round, Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta O.Müll. Crawford & Mann Navicula scutelloides W.Sm. Navicula pygmaea var. producta [nom. nud.] Cavinula scutelloides (W.Sm.) Lange-Bert. in Navicula quadripartita Hust. Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin Navicula radiosa Kütz. Navicula scutiformis Grunow Navicula radiosa var. intermedia [nom. nud.] Cavinula scutiformis (Grunow ex A.Schmidt) Navicula radiosa var. parva J.H.Wallace D.G.Mann & Stickle in Round, Crawford Navicula radiosafallax Lange-Bert. & Mann Navicula radiosa var. tenella (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Grunow in Navicula secreta Pant. VanHeurck Navicula secura R.M.Patrick Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bert. Navicula semen Ehrenb. Navicula radiosafallax Lange-Bert. Navicula semenoides Hust. Navicula recondita Torka Navicula seminuloides Hust. Navicula atomus var. recondita (Hust.) Lange- Navicula seminulum Grunow Bert. Sellaphora seminulum (Grunow) D.G.Mann Navicula reinhardtii Grunow Navicula seminulum var. hustedtii R.M.Patrick Navicula reinhardtii var. elliptica Hérib. Navicula seminulum var. intermedia Hust. Navicula rhomboides Grunow Navicula serians Kütz. Navicula rhynchocephala Kütz. Brachysira serians (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Round and Navicula rhynchocephala var. amphiceros (Kütz.) D.G.Mann Grunow Navicula sigma Ehrenb. Navicula rhynchotella Lange-Bert. Navicula similis Krasske Navicula rhynchocephala var. germainii (J.H.Wallace) Geissleria similis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. & R.M.Patrick Metzeltin in Lange-Bert. Navicula viridula var. germainii (J.H.Wallace) Navicula simplex Krasske Lange-Bert. Navicula skabitschewskyi Sabelina Navicula rhynchocephala var. germanii (J.H.Wallace) Navicula smithii Bréb. R.M.Patrick [orthographic error] Diploneis smithii (Bréb.) Cleve Navicula viridula var. germainii (J.H.Wallace) Navicula sovereignae Hust. Lange-Bert. Navicula sphaerophora Navicula rhyncocephala Kütz. [orthographic error] Kütz. Navicula rhynchocephala Kütz. Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Ehrenb.) Pfitz. Navicula rhynchotella Lange-Bert. Navicula splendicula VanLand. Navicula rostellata Kütz. Navicula staurifera B.W.Thomas Navicula rotaeana (Rabenh.) Grunow Navicula stauroptera var. parva (Ehrenb.) Grunow (see Psammothidium bioreti (Germain) Round & Bukht. note 27) Navicula rotaeana var. excentrica Grunow Navicula stroemii Hust. Psammothidium bioreti (Germain) Round & Navicula stroesei (Østrup) A.Cleve Bukht. Aneumastus stroesei (Østrup) D.G.Mann in Round, Navicula rotunda Hust. Crawford & Mann Navicula sabiniana R.M.Patrick Navicula subbacillum Hust. Navicula salinarum Grunow Navicula subclementis Hust. Navicula salinarum var. intermedia (Grunow) Cleve Navicula subcostulata Hust. Navicula capitatoradiata Germain Hippodonta subcostulata (Hust.) Lange-Bert., Navicula saugerii Desm. Metzelin & Witkowski Navicula schmassmannii Hust. Navicula subgastriformis Hust. Navicula schoenfeldii Hust. Navicula subhalophila Hust. Geissleria schoenfeldii (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Craticula subhalophila (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Metzetlin in Lange-Bert. Navicula subhamulata Grunow in VanHeurck Navicula schroeteri var. escambia R.M.Patrick Fallacia subhamulata (Grunow in VanHeurck) Navicula schumanniana Grunow D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick Navicula subhamulata var. undulata Hust. Diatom Checklist 541

Navicula submitis Hust. Navicula variostriata Krasske Fallacia submitis (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Cavinula variostriata (Krasske) D.G.Mann & Crawford & Mann Stickle in Round, Crawford & Mann Navicula submuralis Hust. Navicula vaucheriae J.B.Petersen Navicula subocculta Hust. Navicula ventosa Hust. Navicula subocculata Hust. [orthographic error] Chamaepinnularia evanida (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Navicula subocculta Hust. Navicula ventralis Krasske Navicula subrhynchocephala Hust. Achnanthes ventralis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. in Navicula subrotundata Hust. Lange-Bert. & Krammer Navicula subrotundata fo. lanceolata Hust. Navicula ventralis fo. simplex Hust. Navicula subseminulum Hust. Achnanthes ventraloconfusa fo. simplex Lange- Navicula subsulcata Hust. Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer Navicula subtilissima Cleve Navicula verecunda Hust. Kobayasia subtilissima (Cleve) Lange-Bert. Sellaphora vitabunda (Hust.) D.G. Mann Navicula symmetrica R.M.Patrick Navicula viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Navicula tabellaria (Ehrenb.) Kütz. Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Pinnularia tabellaria Ehrenb. Navicula viridula (Kütz.) Ehrenb. Navicula tantula Hust. Navicula viridula var. avenacea (Bréb.) VanHeurck Navicula tecta Krasske Navicula viridula var. germainii (J.H.Wallace) Lange- Geissleria tectissima (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert. Bert. Navicula tenella (Bréb.) VanHeurck Navicula viridula var. linearis Hust. Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bert. Navicula viridula var. rostellata (Kütz.) Cleve Navicula tenera Hust. Navicula viridula var. tenella [orthographic error] Navicula termes Ehrenb. (see note 28) Navicula vitabunda Hust. Pinnularia termes Ehrenb. Sellaphora vitabunda (Hust.) D.G.Mann Navicula terminata Hust. Navicula vulpina Kütz. Navicula texana R.M.Patrick Navicula vulpina var. avenacea (Van Heurck) Navicula tridentula Krasske R.M.Patrick Navicula tridentula var. parallela Krasske Navicula wittrockii (Lagerst.) Temp. & M.Perag. Navicula trinodis Lewis Sellaphora laevissima (Kütz.) D.G.Mann Caloneis lamella Zakrz. Navicula zanoni Hust. Navicula tripunctata (O.F.Müll.) Bory Navicula zanoii Hust. [orthographic error] Navicula tripunctata var. cuneata (Lauby) Stoermer & J.J.Yang Neidium affine (Ehrenb.) Pfitz. Navicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides (VanHeurck) Neidium affine var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenb.) Cleve R.M.Patrick Neidium affine var. capitata Mölder Navicula trochus Schum. (non Ehrenb. 1838) Neidium affine var. ceylonicum (Skvortsov) C.W.Reimer Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick Neidium affine var. hankense (Skvortsov) C.W.Reimer Navicula tumida W.Sm. Neidium affine var. humerus C.W.Reimer Navicula anglica Ralfs (see note 29) Neidium affine var. undulatum (Grunow) Cleve Navicula tuscula Ehrenb. Neidium amphigomphus (Ehrenb.) Pfitz. Anuemastus tusculus (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann & Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehrenb.) Stickle in Round, Crawford & Mann Mayer Navicula tuscula var. angulata Hust. Neidium ampliatum (Ehrenb.) Krammer in Krammer & Navicula tuscula fo. minor Hust. Lange-Bert. Anuemastus minor (Hust.) Lange-Bert. Neidium apiculatum C.W.Reimer Navicula tuscula fo. obtusa Hust. Neidium binode (Ehrenb.) Hust. Navicula tuscula fo. rostrata (Hust.) Hust. Neidium bisulcatum (Lagerst.) Cleve Navicula tuscula var. rostrata Hust. Neidium bisulcatum var. baicalense (Skvortsov & Navicula vanheurckii R.M.Patrick K.I.Mey.) C.W.Reimer Psammothidium bioreti (Germain) Round & Neidium bisulcatum var. undulatum O. Müll. Bukht. Neidium bisulcatum var. subundulatum (Grunow) Navicula varians W.Greg. C.W.Reimer in Patrick & Reimer 542 Stoermer et al.

Neidium calvum Østrup Nitzschia angustata (W.Sm.) Grunow Neidium dilatatum (Ehrenb.) Cleve Tryblionella angustata W.Sm. Neidium distincte-punctatum Hust. Nitzschia angustata var. acuta Grunow Neidium dubium (Ehrenb.) Cleve Tryblionella angustata var. acuta (Grunow) Neidium dubium fo. constrictum (Hust.) Hust. Bukht. Neidium hankensis Skvortsov Nitzschia angustatula Lange-Bert. Neidium hitchcockii (Ehrenb.) Cleve Nitzschia apiculata (W.Greg.) Grunow Neidium iridis (Ehrenb.) Cleve Tryblionella apiculata W.Greg. Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehrenb.) Mayer Nitzschia archibaldii Lange-Bert. Neidium iridis var. ampliatum (Ehrenb.) Cleve Nitzschia bacata Hust. Neidium ampliatum (Ehrenb.) Krammer in Nitzschia bacata fo. linearis Hust. Krammer & Lange-Bert. Nitzschia bremensis Hust. Neidium iridis var. amplicata (Ehrenb.) Cleve Nitzschia brevirostris Hust. [orthographic error] Nitzschia bulnheimiana (Rabenh.) H.L.Sm. Neidium ampliatum (Ehrenb.) Krammer in Nitzschia capitellata Hust. Krammer & Lange-Bert. Nitzschia circumsuta (Bailey) Grunow Neidium iridis var. vernalis Reich. Nitzschia clausii Hantzsch Neidium kozlowi Mersechk. Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. Neidium kozlowi var. baicalensis fo. robusta Stoermer Nitzschia communis Rabenh. Neidium kozolwi Mersechk. [orthographic error] Nitzschia communis var. abbreviata Grunow Neidium kozlowi Mersechk. Nitzschia commutata Grunow Neidium ladogense (Cleve) Stoermer & J.J.Yang Nitzschia confinis Hust. Neidium levanderi (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in Nitzschia debilis (Arn.) Grunow Lange-Bert. Nitzschia delicatissima Cleve Neidium mirum Krasske Nitzschia denticula Grunow Neidium productum (W.Sm.) Cleve Nitzschia diserta Hust. Neidium sacoense C.W.Reimer Nitzschia dissidua [nom. nud.] Neidium temperei C.W.Reimer Nitzschia dissipata (Kütz.) Grunow Nitzschia dissipata var. borneensis Hust. Nitzschia accomodata Hust. Nitzschia dissipata var. media (Hantzsch) Grunow Nitzschia acicularioides Hust. Nitzschia dissipata undulata Nitzschia spiculum Hust. fo. Sovereign Nitzschia acicularioides sensu R.E.M.Archibald non Nitzschia draveillensis Coste & Ricard Hust. 1930 Nitzschia dubia W.Sm. Nitzschia draveillensis Coste & Ricard Nitzschia elegens Hust. Nitzschia acicularis (Kütz.) W.Sm. Nitzschia epiphytica Hust. Nitzschia acidoclinata Lange-Bert. Nitzschia epiphyticoides Hust. Nitzschia actinastroides (Lemm.) Van Goor Nitzschia fasciculata Grunow Nitzschia acula Hantzsch ex Cleve & Grunow Nitzschia filiformis (W.Sm.) VanHeurck Nitzschia acuminata (W.Sm.) Grunow Nitzschia filiformis var. conferta (P.G.Richt.) Lange- Nitzschia acuta Cleve Bert. Tryblionella acuta (Cleve) D.G.Mann in Round, Nitzschia flexa Schum. Crawford & Mann Nitzschia fluminenesis Grunow Nitzschia adapta Hust. Nitzschia fonticola Grunow Nitzschia agnewii Cholnoky Nitzschia fonticola var. capitata A.Cleve Nitzschia agnita Hust. Nitzschia fonticola var. pelagica Hust. Nitzschia amphibia Grunow Nitzschia fonticoloides Sovereign Nitzschia amphibia var. fossilis Grunow Nitzschia frustulum (Kütz.) Grunow Nitzschia amphibia var. frauenfeldii Grunow Nitzschia frustulum var. minuta Grunow in VanHeurck Nitzschia amphicephala Grunow [orthographic error] Nitzschia amphioxoides Hust. Nitzschia frustulum var. minutula Grunow in Van Nitzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. Heurck non Nitzschia frustulum var. Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow minuta Pant. Diatom Checklist 543

Nitzschia frustulum var. minutula Grunow in Van Nitzschia lorenziana Grunow Heurck Nitzschia incurvata var. lorenziana R.Ross Nitzschia frustulum (Kütz.) Grunow sensu Lange-Bert. Nitzschia luzonensis Hust. Nitzschia frustulum var. perminuta Grunow Nitzschia macilenta W.Greg. Nitzschia frustulum var. perpusilla (Rabenh.) Grunow Nitzschia mediocris Hust. Nitzschia frustulum var. subsalina Hust. Nitzschia microcephala Grunow Nitzschia frustulum var. tenella Grunow Nitzschia minutula Grunow Nitzschia gandersheimiensis Krasske Nitzschia obsidialis Hust. Nitzschia gessneri Hust. Nitzschia obtusa W.Sm. Nitzschia graciliformis Lange-Bert. & Simonsen Nitzschia obtusa var. scalpelliformis Grunow Nitzschia gracilis Hantzsch Nitzschia ovalis Arn. Nitzschia graciloides Hust. (see note 30) Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) W.Sm. Nitzschia hantzschiana Rabenh. Nitzschia palea var. debilis (Kütz.) Grunow Nitzschia hantzschschiana [orthographic error] Nitzschia palea var. sumatrana Hust. Nitzschia heufleriana Grunow Nitzschia palea var. tenuirostris Grunow (see note 31) Nitzschia heufleuriana Grunow [orthographic error] Nitzschia paleacea Grunow Nitzschia hollerupensis Foged Nitzschia paleoides Hust. Nitzschia holsatica Hust. Nitzschia paradoxa (Gmelin) Grunow Nitzschia homburgiensis Lange-Bert. Bacillaria paxillifer (O.F.Müll.) Hendy Nitzschia hungarica Grunow Nitzschia paradoza [orthographic error] Tryblionella hungarica (Grunow) D.G.Mann Nitzschia parvula W.Sm. Nitzschia ignorata Krasske Nitzschia parvula var. terricola J.W.G.Lund Nitzschia impressa Hust. Nitzschia perminuta (Grunow) M.Perag. Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow Nitzschia philippinarum Hust. Nitzschia incurvata var. lorenziana R.Ross Nitzschia planctonica Hust. Nitzschia innominata Sovereign Nitzschia pseudoamphioxys Hust. Nitzschia insecta Hust. Nitzschia pseudoatomus Stoermer [nom. nud.] Nitzschia intermedia Hantzsch Nitzschia pseudofonticola Hust. Nitzschia interrupta (Reich.) Hust. Nitzschia pumila Hust. Nitzschia sinuata var. delognei (Grunow) Lange- Nitzschia pura Hust. Bert. Nitzschia pusilla Grunow Nitzschia kuetzingiana Hilse Nitzschia pusilla (Kütz.) Grunow emend. Lange-Bert. Nitzschia kuetzingiana var. exilis Grunow Nitzschia radicula Hust. Nitzschia kuetzingioides Hust. Nitzschia recta Hantzsch Nitzschia pumila Hust. [cf. Lange-Bert.] Nitzschia romana Grunow Nitzschia kutzingiana Hilse [orthographic error] Nitzschia rostellata Hust. Nitzschia kuetzingiana Hilse Nitzschia scalaris (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. Nitzschia lacunarum Hust. Nitzschia sicula var. migrans (Cleve) Hasle Nitzschia lacuum Lange-Bert. Nitzschia sigma (Kütz.) W.Sm. Nitzschia lanceolatae [orthographic error] Nitzschia sigma var. diminuta Grunow Nitzschia lauenburgiana Hust. Nitzschia sigma var. rigida (Kütz.) Grunow Nitzschia heufleriana Grunow Nitzschia sigma var. sigmatella (W.Greg.) Grunow Nitzschia laurenburgiana Hust. [orthographic error] Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W.Sm. Nitzschia heufleriana Grunow Nitzschia sinuata W.Sm. Nitzschia levidensis (W.Sm.) Grunow Nitzschia sinuata var. delognei (Grunow) Lange-Bert. Nitzschia linearis (C.Agardh) W.Sm. Nitzschia sinuata var. tabellaria (Grunow) Grunow Nitzschia linearis var. tenuis (Kütz.) Grunow Nitzschia sociabilis Hust. Nitzschia liskipata [orthographic error] Nitzschia sphaerophora A.Cleve Nitzschia longissima (Bréb.) Ralfs Nitzschia spiculoides Hust. Nitzschia longissima var. closterium (W.Sm.) Nitzschia spiculum Hust. VanHeurck Nitzschia stagnorum Rabenh. Nitzschia longissima var. reversa Grunow Nitzschia stricta Hust. Nitzschia longissima fo. parva Grunow (see note 31) Nitzschia subacicularis Hust. 544 Stoermer et al.

Nitzschia subamphioxoides Hust. Orthoseira dickiei Thwaites Nitzschia subcapitellata Hust. Melosira dickiei (Thwaits) Kütz. Nitzschia sublinearis Hust. Nitzschia subrostrata Hust. Pinnularia abaujensis (Pant.) R.Ross Nitzschia subrostroides Cholnoky Pinnularia abaujensis var. linearis (Hust.) R.M.Patrick Nitzschia subtilis (Kütz.) Grunow Pinnularia abaugensis var. rostrata (R.M.Patrick) Nitzschia subtilis var. paleacea Grunow R.M.Patrick [orthographic error] Nitzschia paleacea Grunow Pinnularia abaujensis var. rostrata (R.M.Patrick) Nitzschia tabellaria Grunow R.M.Patrick Nitzschia sinuata var. tabellaria (Grunow) Grunow Pinnularia abaujensis var. rostrata (R.M.Patrick) Nitzschia tarda Hust. R.M.Patrick Pinnularia abaujensis var. subundulata (Mayer) Nitzschia tenuis W.Sm. R.M.Patrick Nitzschia thermalis (Ehrenb.) Auersw. Pinnularia acrosphaeria W.Sm. Nitzschia thermalis var. intermedia Grunow Pinnularia amphioxys Ehrenb. Nitzschia thermalis var. minor Hilse Pinnularia appendiculata (C.Agardh) Cleve Nitzschia homburgiensis Lange-Bert. Pinnularia biceps W.Greg. Nitzschia tropica Hust. Pinnularia biceps fo. petersenii R.Ross Nitzschia tryblionella Hantzsch in Rabenh. Pinnularia borealis Ehrenb. Tryblionella gracilis W.Sm Pinnularia borealis var. rectangularis G.W.F.Carlson Nitzschia tryblionella var. debilis (Arn.) A.Mayer Pinnularia brandelii Cleve Tryblionella debilis (Arn.) Grunow in Cleve & Pinnularia braunii (Grunow) Cleve Grunow Pinnularia braunii var. amphicephala (Mayer) Hust. Nitzschia tryblionella var. levidensis (W.Sm.) Grunow Pinnularia braunii var. amphipalor [nom. nud.] Tryblionella levidensis W.Sm. Pinnularia brebissonii (Kütz.) Rabenh. Nitzschia tryblionella var. victoriae Grunow Pinnularia brebissonii var. diminuta (Grunow) Cleve Tryblionella victoriae Grunow Pinnularia brevicostata Cleve Nitzschia valdestriata Aleem & Hust. Pinnularia burkii R.M.Patrick Nitzschia vulga Cholnoky Pinnularia cardinaliculus Cleve Nitzschia vermicularis (Kütz.) Hantzsch Pinnularia cardinalis (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. Nitzschia vexans Grunow Pinnularia cocconeis Ehrenb. Nitzschia vitrea Norman Pinnularia dactylus Ehrenb. Nitzschia woltereckii Hust. Pinnularia distinguenda Cleve Pinnularia divergens W.Sm. Odontidium hymale [orthograhic error] Pinnularia divergens var. bacillaris (M.Perag.) Mills Diatoma hiemale (Roth) Heib. Pinnularia divergens var. elliptica (Grunow) Cleve Odontidium mutabile W.Sm. Pinnularia fasciata Lagerst. Pinnularia gentilis (Donkin) Cleve Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & Pinnularia gibba Ehrenb. Round Pinnularia gibba var. linearis Hust. Pinnularia gibba var. parva (Ehrenb.) Grunow Oestrupia bicontracta (Østrup) Lange-Bert. & Krammer Pinnularia gibba fo. subundulata Mayer Oestrupia zachariasi (Reich.) Hust. Pinnularia globiceps W.Greg. Oestrupia zachariasi var. undulata (Schultz) Stoermer & Pinnularia globiceps var. krockii (Grunow) Cleve J.J.Yang Pinnularia krockii (Grunow) Cleve Pinnularia hemiptera (Kütz.) Rabenh. Opephora ansata M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Pinnularia intermedia (Lagerst.) Cleve Opephora martyi Hérib. Pinnularia interrupta W.Sm. Martyana martyi (Hérib.) Round in Round, Pinnularia interrupta var. crassior (Grunow) Cleve (see Crawford & Mann note 32) Opephora pinnata Ehrenb. Pinnularia lundii Hust. Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & Pinnularia kriegeriana Krasske emend. Foged Round Pinnularia krockii (Grunow) Cleve Diatom Checklist 545

Pinnularia latevittata var. domingensis Cleve Plagiotropis lepidoptera (W.Greg.) C.W.Reimer in Pinnularia legumen (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. Patrick & Reimer Pinnularia leptosoma (Grunow) Cleve Plagiotropis lepidoptera var. proboscidea (Cleve) Caloneis leptosoma (Grunow) Krammer in C.W.Reimer in Patrick & Reimer Krammer & Lange-Bert. Pinnularia leptosoma fo. erlangensis Mayer Planothidium calcar (Cleve) Bukht. & Round Pinnularia lundii Hust. Planothidium delicatulum (Kütz.) Round & Bukht. Pinnularia major(maior) (Kütz.) Rabenh. Planothidium dubium (Grunow) Round & Bukht. Pinnularia mesolepta (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. Planothidium ellipticum (A.Cleve) Round & Bukht. Pinnularia microstauron (Ehrenb.) Cleve Planothidium hauckianum (Grunow) Round & Bukht. Pinnularia microstauron var. biundulata O. Müll. Planothidium haukianum (Grunow) Round & Bukht. Pinnularia molaris (Grunow) Cleve [orthographic error] Caloneis molaris (Grunow) Krammer in Krammer Planothidium hauckianum (Grunow) Round & & Lange-Bert. Bukht. Pinnularia nobilis (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. Planothidium lanceolatum (Bréb.) Round & Bukht. Pinnularia nodosa (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. Planothidium oestrupii (H.Bachm. & A.Cleve) Round & Pinnularia obscura Krasske Bukht. Pinnularia radiosa W.Sm. Planothidium perigallii (Brun & Hérib. in Hérib.) Round Pinnularia rupestris Hantzsch & Bukht. Pinnularia ruttneri Hust. Pinnularia semicruciata A.Cleve Pleurosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Grunow Pinnularia socialis (T.C. Palm.) Hust. Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rabenh. Pinnularia stomatophora (Grunow) Cleve Pleurosigma attenuatum (Kütz.) W.Sm. Pinnularia subcapitata W.Greg. Gyrosigma attenuatum (Kütz.) Rabenh. Pinnularia subcapitata var. paucistriata (Grunow) Cleve Pleurosigma delicatulum W.Sm. Pinnularia subrostrata (A.Cleve) A.Cleve Pleurosigma eximium (Thwaites) Cleve & Grunow Pinnularia substomatophora Hust. Gyrosigma eximium (Thwaites) Boyer Pinnularia sudetica Hilse Pleurosigma kuetzingii Grunow Pinnularia tabellaria Ehrenb. Gyrosigma kuetzingii (Grunow) Cleve (see note Pinnularia tenuis W.Greg. 18) Caloneis tenuis (W.Greg.) Krammer in Krammer Pleurosigma obscurum W.Sm. & Lange-Bert. Gyrosigma obscurum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr. Pinnularia tenuis var. interrupta (Font.) A.Cleve Pleurosigma sciotense Sull. Pinnularia termes Ehrenb. Gyrosigma sciotoense (Sull. & Wormley) Cleve Pinnularia termitina (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick Pleurosigma spencerii Grunow Pinnularia tibetana Hust. Gyrosigma spencerii (Quek.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr. Pinnularia torta (A.Mann) R.M.Patrick (see note 18) Pinnularia trigonocephala Cleve Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rabenh. Pinnularia undulata W.Greg. Pleurosigma spencerii var. minor Grunow [nom. nud.] Caloneis undulata (W.Greg.) Krammer in Pleurosigma wormleyi Sull. Krammer & Lange-Bert. Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb. Pinnularia undulata var. subundulata Grunow Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Pleurosira laevis (Ehrenb.) Compère Pinnularia viridis var. commutata (Grunow) Cleve Psammothidium abundans fo. rosenstockii (Lange-Bert. Placoneis clementioides (Hust.) E.J.Cox in Lange-Bert. & Krammer) Bukht. Placoneis clementis (Grunow) E.J.Cox Psammothidium altaicum (Poretzky) Bukht. & Round Placoneis dicephala (W.Sm.) Mersechk. Psammothidium bioreti (Germain) Bukht. & Round Placoneis elginensis (W.Greg.) E.J.Cox Psammothidium didymum (Hust.) Bukht. & Round Placoneis exigua (W.Greg.) Mersechk. Psammothidium levanderi (Hust.) Bukht. & Round (see Placoneis gastrum (Ehrenb.) Mersechk. note 4) Placoneis placentula (Ehrenb.) Heinzerl. Psammothidium marginulatum (Grunow) Bukht. & Placoneis placentula fo. rostrata (Mayer) Bukht. Round 546 Stoermer et al.

Psammothidium subatomoides (Hust.) Bukht. & Round Scoliopleura campylogramma (Ehrenb.) Rabenh. Psammothidium ventralis (Krasske) Bukht. & Round Sellaphora americana (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow in VanHeurck) Sellaphora bacilliformis (Grunow) Mereschk. D.M.Williams & Round Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann Pseudostaurosira brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.) Sellaphora laevissima (Kütz.) D.G.Mann M.B.Edlund Sellaphora mutata (Krasske) Lange-Bert. Pseudostaurosira construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.) Sellaphora nyassensis (O.Müll.) D.G.Mann M.B.Edlund [comb.illegit.] Sellaphora parapupula Lange-Bert. Sellaphora pupula (Kütz.) Mereschk. Pseudoeunotia lunaris Ehrenb. Sellaphora pupula var. elliptica (Hust.) Poulin in Poulin, Hamilton & Proulx Reimeria sinuata (W.Greg.) Kociolek & Stoermer Sellaphora pupula var. mutata (Krasske) Poulin in Reimeria sinuata fo. antiqua (W.Greg.) Kociolek & Poulin, Hamilton & Proulx Stoermer Sellaphora mutata (Krasske) Lange-Bert. Sellaphora pupula fo. rostrata (Hust.) Bukht. Rhizosolenia eriense H.L.Sm. Sellaphora pupula var. rectangularis (W.Greg.) Urosolenia eriensis (H.L.Sm. in Briggs) Round & Mereschk. R.M.Crawford in Round, Crawford & Sellaphora rectangularis (W.Greg.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in Lange-Bert. Mann Sellaphora rectangularis (W.Greg.) Lange-Bert. & Rhizosolenia eriensis H.L. Sm. in Briggs Metzeltin in Lange-Bert. Urosolenia eriensis (H. L. Sm. in Briggs) Round & Sellaphora seminulum (Grunow) D.G.Mann R.M.Crawford in Round, Crawford & Mann Sellaphora vitabunda (Hust.) D.G.Mann Rhizosolenia eriensis var. pusilla Wolosz. in Schröd. Rhizosolenia eriensis var. zachariasi (Brun) Playf. Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve Rhizosolenia gracilis H.L.Sm. Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle in Hasle & Evensen Rhizosolenia longiseta Zach. Skeletonema potainus (Weber) Halse [orthographic Urosolenia longiseta (Zach.) M.B.Edlund & error] Stoermer Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle in Hasle & Evensen Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kütz.) Grunow Skeletonema subsalsum (A.Cleve) Bethge Rhoicosphenia curvata var. subacuta M. Schmidt Skeletonema subsalsa (A. Cleve) Bethge [orthographic error] Rhopalodia argus W.Sm. Skeletonema subsalsum (A. Cleve) Bethge Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenb.) O.Müll. Rhopalodia gibba var. ventricosa (Kütz.) Perag. & Sphinctocystis elliptica (Kütz.) Kuntze M.Perag. Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm. Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehrenb.) O.Müll. Sphinctocystis librilis (Ehrenb.) Hassall Rhopalodia patallel (Grunow) O.Müll. [orthographic error] Cymatopleura solea (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm. Rhopalodia parallela (Grunow) O.Müll. Rhopalodia parallela (Grunow) O.Müll. Stauroneis acuta W.Sm. Stauroneis acutiuscula M. Perag. & Hérib. in Hérib. Rossithidium linearis (W.Sm.) Round & Bukht. Stauroneis agrestis J.B.Petersen Rossithidum pusillum (Grunow) Round & Bukht. Stauroneis alabamae Heiden Stauroneis amphioxys W.Greg. Rouxia californica var. minuta A.Cleve Staurophora amphioxys (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann Schizonema viridulum Bréb. Stauroneis anceps Ehrenb. Frustulia erifuga Lange-Bert. & Krammer in Stauroneis anceps var. americana C.W.Reimer Lange-Bert. Stauroneis anceps var. hyalina Brun & M. Perag. Schizonema vulgare Thwaites Stauroneis neohyalina Lange-Bert. & Krammer in Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) De Toni Lange-Bert. Diatom Checklist 547

Staruoneis anceps var. hylania Brun & M.Perag. Staurophora amphioxys (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann in Round, [orthographic error] Crawford & Mann Stauroneis neohyalina Lange-Bert. & Krammer in Stauroneis amphioxys W. Greg. Lange-Bert. Stauroneis anceps var. siberica Grunow Staurosira brevistriata Grunow (see note 33) Stauroneis siberica (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & Fragilaria brevistriata Grunow Krammer in Lange-Bert. Staurosira capucina Borzsc. (see note 33) Stauroneis anceps fo. gracilis Rabenh. Fragilaria capucina Desm. Stauroneis anceps fo. linearis (Ehrenb.) Hust. Staurosira entomon Ehrenb. (see note 33) Stauroneis borrichii fo. subcapitata (J.B.Petersen) Lund Fragilaria entomon (Ehrenb) Ehrenb. Stauroneis dilatata Ehrenb. Staurosira mutabilis (W.Sm.) Grunow (see note 33) Stauroneis dilitata Ehrenb. [orthographic error] Fragilaria pinnata Ehrenb. Stauroneis dilatata Ehrenb. Stauroneis dilatata fo. baicalensis Skvortsov & K.I.Mey. Staurosira construens Ehrenb. Stauroneis dilata var. baicalensis Skvortsov & K.I.Mey. Staurosira construens fo. subsalina (Hust.) Bukht. [orthographic error] Staurosira construens var. capitata (Hérib.) Bukht. Stauroneis dilatata fo. baicalensis Skvortsov & Staurosira construens var. venter (Ehrenb.) Hamilton K.I.Mey. Staurosira leptostauron var. dubia (Grunow) Stauroneis fluminea R.M.Patrick & Freese M.B.Edlund Stauroneis gracilis Ehrenb. Stauroneis gregorii Ralfs Staurosirella lapponica (Grunow in VanHeurck) Staurophora amphioxys (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann in D.M.Williams & Round Round, Crawford & Mann Staurosirella leptostauron (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & Stauroneis kriegeri R.M.Patrick Round Stauroneis kriegeri fo. undulata Hust. Staurosirella leptostauron var. rhomboides (Grunow) Stauroneis lauenburgiana Hust. Bukht Stauroneis linearis Ehrenb. Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & Round Stauroneis livingstonii C.W.Reimer Staurosirella pinnata var. intercedens (Grunow in Stauroneis neohyalina Lange-Bert. & Krammer in VanHeurck) Hamilton in Hamilton, Poulin, Lange-Bert. Prévost, Angell & Edlund Stauroneis nobilis var. baconiana (Stodd.) C.W.Reimer Staurosirella pinnata var. lancettula (Schum.) Poulin in Stauroneis obtusa Lagerst. Poulin, Hamilton & Proulx Stauroneis phoenicenteron (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Stauroneis phoenicenteron var. brevis Dippel Stenopterobia anceps (Lewis) Bréb. Stauroneis phoenicenteron fo. gracilis (Ehrenb.) Hust. Stenopterobia cruvula (W.Sm.) Krammer Stauroneis phoenicenteron var. intermedia (Dippel) Stenopterobia delicatissima (Lewis) Bréb. ex VanHeurck A.Cleve Stenopterobia intermedia (Lewis) VanHeurck Stauroneis phoenicenteron fo. lanceolata (Kütz.) Brun Stenopterobia curvula (W.Sm.) Krammer Stauroneis phylloides Ehrenb. Stauroneis producta Grunow Stephanodiscus alpinus Hust. Stauroneis semen Ehrenb. Stephanodiscus astraea (Ehrenb.) Grunow Navicula semen Ehrenb. Stephanodiscus astraea var. intermedia Fricke Stauroneis siberica (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & Krammer Stephanodiscus astraea var. minutula (Kütz.) Grunow in in Lange-Bert. VanHeurck Stauroneis smithii Grunow Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kütz.) Cleve & Stauroneis smithii var. borgei Ehrenb. J.D.Möll. Stauroneis smithii var. incisa Pant. Stephanodiscus astraea var. minutulus (Kütz.) Grunow Stauroneis smithii var. minima E.Y.Haw. Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kütz.) Willi Kreig. Stauroneis smithii var. minuta E.Y.Haw. [orthographic Stephanodiscus binderanus var. oestrupii (A.Cleve) error] A.Cleve Stauroneis smithii var. minima E.Y.Haw. Stephanodiscus carconensis Grunow Stauroneis stodderi Greenleaf Stephanodiscus carconensis var. pusilla Grunow 548 Stoermer et al.

Stephanodiscus consoicueporus Stoermer, Håk. & Striatella flocculosa (Roth) Kuntze Theriot [orthographic error] Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kütz. Stephanodiscus conspicueporus Stoermer, Håk. & Theroit Stsauroneis anceps Ehrenb. [orthographic error] Stephanodiscus conspicueporus Stoermer, Håk. & Stauroneis anceps Ehrenb. Theriot Stephanodiscus dubius (Fricke) Hust. Surirella amphioxys W.Sm. Cyclostephanos dubius (Fricke) Round Surirella biseriata var. bifrons fo. amphioxys Stephanodiscus hantzchii Grunow [orthographic error] (W.Sm.) Hust. Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow Surirella anceps Lewis Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow Stenopterobia anceps (Lewis) Bréb. Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow fo. hantzschii Surirella angusta Kütz. Stephanodiscus hantzschii var. pusilla Grunow Surirella angusta var. panduriformis W.Sm. [nom. nud.] Stephanodiscus hantzschii fo. tenuis (Hust.) Håk. & Surirella pinnata var. panduriformis W.Sm. Stoermer Surirella angustata Kütz. [orthographic error] Stephanodiscus hantzschii vel. tenius [nom. illegit.] Surirella angusta Kütz. Stephanodiscus invisitatus M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Surirella apiculata W.Sm. Cyclostephanos invisitatus (M.H.Hohn & Surirella bifrons Ehrenb. Hellerm.) Theriot, Stoermer &Håk. Surirella biseriata var. bifrons (Ehrenb.) Hust. Stephanodiscus kutzingiana [nom. nud.] Surirella birostrata Hust. Stephanodiscus lucens Hust. Surirella biseriata Bréb. & Godey Thalassiocyclus lucens Håk. & Mahood Surirella biseriata var. bifrons (Ehrenb.) Hust. Stephanodiscus medius Håk. Surirella biseriata var. bifrons fo. amphioxys (W.Sm.) Stephanodiscus minutula (Kütz.) Round Hust. Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kütz.) Cleve & J.D.Möll. Surirella biseriata var. bifrons fo. punctata Meister Stephanodiscus minutus Grunow Surirella biseriata var. constricta Grunow Stephanodiscus medius Håk. Surirella biseriata var. diminuta A.Cleve Stephanodiscus niagara Ehrenb. [orthographic error] Surirella biseriata var. orientalis Skvortsov Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehrenb. Surirella brebissonii Krammer & Lange-Bert. Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehrenb. Surirella cardinalis Kitton Stephanodiscus niagarae var. magnifica Fricke Surirella delicatissima Lewis Stephanodiscus parvus Stoermer & Håk. Stenopterobia delicatissima (Lewis) Bréb. ex Stephanodiscus paruvs Stoermer & Håk. [orthographic VanHeurck error] Surirella didyma Kütz. Stephanodiscus parvus Stoermer & Håk. Surirella elegans Ehrenb. Stephanodiscus rotula (Kütz.) Hendey Surirella gracilis (W.Sm.) Grunow Stephanodiscus rotula var. minutula (Kütz.) Grunow Surirella guatemalensis Ehrenb. Stephanodiscus subsalsus (A.Cleve) Hust. Surirella iowensis R.L.Lowe Skeletonema subsalsum (A.Cleve) Bethge Surirella lagerheimii Cleve Stephanodiscus subtilis (VanGoor) A.Cleve Surirella librile Ehrenb. Stephanodiscus subtransilvanicus Gasse Cymatopleura solea (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm. Stephanodiscus superiorensis Stoermer & Theriot Surirella linearis W.Sm. Stephanodiscus tenuis Hust. Surirella linearis var. constricta Grunow Stephanodiscus hantzschii fo. tenuis (Hust.) Håk. Surirella linearis var. helvetica (Brun) F.Meister & Stoermer Surirella minuta Bréb. in Kütz. Stephanodiscus transilvanicus Pant. Surirella molleriana Grunow Stephanodiscus transsylvanicus Pant. [orthographic Surirella norvegica Eulenst. error] Surirella oregonica Ehrenb. Stephanodiscus transilvanicus Pant. Surirella ovalis Bréb. Stephanodiscus vestibulis Håk., Stoermer & Theriot Surirella ovalis var. minuta VanHeurck Surirella minuta Bréb. Striatella fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kuntze Surirella ovalis var. pinnata W.Sm. [orthographic error] Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz. Surirella ovata var. pinnata (W.Sm.) Rabenh. Diatom Checklist 549

Surirella ovata Kütz. Synedra cyclopum Brutschy Surirella brebissonii Krammer & Lange-Bert. Synedra danica Kütz. Surirella ovata var. africana Cholnoky Synedra ulna var. danica (Kütz.) VanHeurck Surirella ovata var. crumena (W.Sm.) Hust. Synedra delicatissima W.Sm. Surirella ovata var. pinnata (W.Sm.) Rabenh. Synedra delicatissima var. angustissima Grunow Surirella ovata var. salina (W.Sm.) Rabenh. Synedra demerarae Grunow Surirella minuta Bréb. in Kütz. Synedra elongatum [nom. nud.] Surirella panduriformis W.Sm. Synedra famelica Kütz. Surirella peisonis Pant. Synedra fameilica Kütz. [orthographic error] Surirella pinnata var. panduriformis (W.Sm.) Hust. Synedra famelica Kütz. Surirella regina Janisch Synedra familica Kütz. [orthographic error] Surirella robusta Ehrenb. Synedra famelica Kütz. Surirella robusta var. armata Hust. Synedra fasciculata (C.Agardh) Kütz. Surirella robusta var. splendida (Ehrenb.) VanHeurck Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams Surirella robustior MacKay & Round Surirella saxonica Auersw. Synedra fasciculata var. truncata (Grev.) R.M.Patrick Surirella sigmoidea Ehrenb. Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams Surirella spiralis Kütz. & Round Surirella splendida Ehrenb. Synedra filiformis Grunow Surirella striata Leud-Fortm. Synedra filiformis var. exilis A.Cleve Surirella striatula Turp. Synedra gaillonii (Bory) Ehrenb. Surirella suecica Grunow Catacombus gaillonii (Bory) D.M.Williams & Surirella suevica Zeller Round Surirella tenera W.Greg. Synedra goulardi Bréb. Surirella tenera var. nervosa A. W. F. Schmidt Synedra goulardi var. fluviatilis (Lemm.) Freng. Surirella tennuis [orthographic error] Synedra hyperborea Grunow Surirella tenuis Mayer Synedra hyperborea var. rostellata Grunow Surirella tenuissima Hust. Synedra incisa Boyer Surirella turgida W.Sm. Synedra laevigata Grunow Surirella undulata Ehrenb. Hyalosynedra laevigata (Grunow) D.M.Williams Synedra actinastroides Lemm. & Round Nitzschia actinastroides (Lemm.) VanGoor Synedra lanceolata Kütz. Synedra acus Kütz. Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Synedra acus var. angustissima Grunow in VanHeurck Synedra longiceps Ehrenb. Synedra acus var. radians (Kütz.) Hust. Synedra longissima W.Sm. Synedra affinis Kütz. Synedra lunaris Ehrenb. Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams Eunotia curvata (Kütz.) Lagerst. & Round Synedra mazamaensis Sovereign Synedra amphicephala Kütz. Synedra menisculus [orthographic error] Synedra amphicephala var. asiatica Skvortsov Synedra minuscula Grunow in VanHeurck Synedra amphicephala var. austraica (Grunow) Hust. Synedra minuscula Grunow in VanHeurck Synedra amphicephala var. intermedia A. Cleve Synedra montana Krasske Synedra capitata Ehrenb. Synedra nana F.Meister Synedra capitata var. fossilis [nom. nud.] Synedra netronoides M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Synedra capucina [nom. illegit.] Synedra ostenfeldii (Willi Kreig.) A.Cleve Fragilaria capucina Desm. Synedra oxyrhynchus Kütz. Synedra chaseii B.W.Thomas Synedra ulna var. oxyrhynchus (Kütz.) VanHeurck Synedra ulna var. chaseana B.W.Thomas Synedra parasitica (W.Sm.) Hust. Synedra crotonensis Grunow Synedra parasitica var. subconstricta (Grunow) Hust. Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton Synedra pulchella Ralfs Synedra crotonensis var. prolongata Grunow Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs ex Kütz.) Fragilaria crotonensis var. prolongata Grunow D.M.Williams & Round 550 Stoermer et al.

Synedra pulchella var. lacerata Hust. Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams & Round Ctenophora pulchella var. lacerata (Hust.) Bukht. Synedra pulchella var. lanceolata O’Meara Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz. Ctenophora pulchella var. lanceolata (O’Meara) Tabellaria fenestrata var. asterionelloides Grunow Bukht. Tabellaria fenestrata var. geniculata A.Cleve Synedra radians Kütz. Tabellaria fenestrata var. intermedia Grunow Fragilaria radians (Kütz.) D.M.Williams & Round Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kütz. Synedra rumpens Kütz. Tabellaria flocculosa var. linearis Koppen Synedra rumpens var. familiaris (Kütz.) Hust. Tabellaria genestrata [orthographic error] Synedra rumpens var. fragilarioides Grunow Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz. Synedra rumpens var. meneghiniana Grunow Tabellaria quadriseptata Knuds. Synedra rumpens var. scotia Grunow Tabellaria trinodis Ehrenb. Synedra rumpens var. ? H.H.Chase [nom. illegit.] Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz. Synedra simalongis W.Sm. Synedra spathulifera Grunow Terpsinoe musica Ehrenb. Synedra ulna var. spathulifera (Grunow) VanHeurck Thalassiocyclus lucens Håk & Mahood Synedra splendens Kütz. Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Tetracyclus rupestris (Braun) Grunow Synedra stela M.H.Hohn & Hellerm. Synedra tabulata (C.Agardh) Kütz. Thalassiosira bramaputrae (Ehrenb.) Håk. & Locker Thalassiosira fluviatilis Hust. Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell & & Round Hasle Synedra tenera W.Sm. Thalassiosira incerta Marakova Synedra tenuissima Kütz. Thalassiosira guillardii Hasle Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Thalassiosira lacustris (Grunow) Hasle Synedra ulna var. aequalis (Kütz.) Hust. Thalassiosira bramaputrae (Ehrenb.) Håk. & Synedra ulna var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenb.) Grunow Locker Synedra ulna var. biceps (Kütz.) Kirchn. Thalassiosira levanderi VanGoor Synedra ulna var. chaseana B.W.Thomas Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle & Heim. Synedra ulna chaseii var. B.W.Thomas Thalassiosira simplex Hust. Synedra ulna var. chaseana B.W.Thomas Thalassiosira visurgis Hust. Synedra ulna var. claviceps Hust. Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell & Hasle Synedra ulna var. constricta Venkt. Synedra ulna var. contracta Østrup Tropidoneis lepidoptera (W.Greg.) Cleve Synedra ulna var. danica (Kütz.) VanHeurck Plagiotropis lepidoptera (W.Greg.) C.W.Reimer Synedra ulna var. impressa Hust. Tropidoneis lepidoptera var. proboscidea Cleve Synedra ulna var. longissima (W.Sm.) Brun Plagiotropis lepidoptera var. proboscidea (Cleve) Synedra ulna var. obtusa (W.Sm.) Grunow C.W.Reimer Synedra ulna var. oxyrhynchus (Kütz.) VanHeurck Synedra ulna var. oxyrhynchus fo. mediocontracta Treyblionella scutellum (Bail.) W.Sm. [orthographic (Forti) Hust. error] Synedra ulna var. spathulifera (Grunow) VanHeurck Nitzschia circumsuta (Bail.) Grunow Synedra ulna var. splendens (Kütz.) VanHeurck Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Tryblionella acuta (Cleve) D.G.Mann in Round, Synedra ulna var. subaequalis (Grunow) VanHeurck Crawford & Mann Synedra utermohlii Hust. Tryblionella angustata W.Sm. Synedra vaucheriae (Kütz.) Kütz. Tryblionella angustata var. acuta (Grunow) Bukht. Synedra vaucheriae var. capitellata (Grunow) Cleve Tryblionella apiculata W.Greg. Synedra vaucheriae var. truncata (Grev.) Grunow Tryblionella debilis (Arn.) Grunow in Cleve & Grunow Synedra vitrea Kütz. Tryblionella gracilis W.Sm. Synedra ulna var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenb.) Grunow Tryblionella hungarica (Grunow) D.G.Mann Diatom Checklist 551

Tryblionella levidensis W.Sm. OTHER TAXONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS Tryblionella victoriae Grunow REGARDING THE NEW NOMENCLATURE Urosolenia eriensis (H.L.Sm.) Round & R.M.Crawford AND CONFIDENCE in Round, Crawford & Mann The new nomenclature has the portent for confu- Urosolenia longiseta (Zach.) M.B.Edlund & Stoermer sion. It has been applied using a good faith effort to bring the current thinking into the Great Lakes liter- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ature. Changes made in taxonomic status during the Results of this update of the 1978 checklist (Sto- intervening years have been incorporated; certain ermer and Kreis 1978) indicate that the increase in changes are minor, others are widely-encompassing total number of taxa listed (total number of lines) is taxonomic changes of entire genera. Genera which substantial. The 1978 checklist contained 59 ac- have undergone the greatest changes are Achnan- cepted genera (85 listed) and 1,264 accepted taxa thes, Anomoeoneis, Cymbella, Fragilaria, (1,806 listed). The updated list contains 105 ac- Melosira, and Navicula. These changes can be cepted genera (124 listed) and 1,472 accepted taxa problematic when applied without an understanding (2,188 listed). The majority of the total increase, of what has been proposed. There is confidence that however, is due to taxonomic and nomenclatural identifications performed by the authors and others changes. Although the total number of taxa listed are sufficiently accurate to permit the assigning of increased by 21%, taxa added from various sources the new nomenclature without referring back to over the past 20 years as species and subordinate every collection for verification. This “paper taxon- forms new to the Great Lakes accounted for 16.5% omy” is presented with the knowledge that there of the additions. The genera increase of 78% is due may be some errors; however, a reasonable effort solely to taxonomic changes. has been made to determine the validity of each Of the 144 taxa added to the updated checklist as transfer (Appendix 1). new to the Great Lakes, they originated from sev- The primary additions from the literature during eral sources. Approximately 50 species previously the past 20 years are diatoms associated with ben- reported in the 1978 checklist have had the syn- thic, benthic-related, and periphytic habitats. These onyms examined and diagnosed and were elevated include a range of differing sand, sediment, rock, onto the species list as those which could reason- plant, and deep-water habitats which are consistent ably be observed in the Great Lakes. Slightly over with the numerous ecoregions and the physical di- 100 taxa were added to the list from the University versity within the scale of the Great Lakes. of Michigan FIDO/MASTERLIST data reduction Undoubtedly, diatoms from benthic and benthic-re- and analysis system and the literature. It should be lated habitats dominate the flora of the Great Lakes noted that approximately 65% of the total taxa re- in terms of total taxa (greater than 80% of reported ported on the list originate from the University of taxa). These habitats have been found to exhibit Michigan FIDO and MASTERLIST compilation. A great diversity in terms of great species richness high degree of confidence can be expressed in the with hundreds of taxa within a single sample and a completeness of this list and the associated bibliog- high evenness component (Stoermer 1980, Edsall et raphy (over 100 scientific documents were re- al. 1991). This range of benthic and benthic-related viewed for this update) and it is likely there is very communities still remains largely unexplored with little published literature that has not been exam- only limited examination at this time. It is likely ined over the course of these efforts. The reader that, in the future, these diverse habitats will yield should be cognizant of the limitations and problems the greatest number of species which have not been that are associated with floristic lists which must re- previously observed for the Great Lakes. Clear evi- port taxa from the literature. Of concern is the qual- dence can be found as a basis for this projection. ity of taxonomic identification. In some cases, these Kingston (1980) and Millie and Lowe (1981) stud- must be relied upon because they cannot be veri- ied two of these habitats and reported a substantial fied. These reports may be reasonable after review number of species, not only new to the Great Lakes, by the authors; however, it may be that initial but to North America. misidentifications occurred. In all cases of obscure Considerable monitoring and reporting of the or uncertain reports, the authors have used best pro- plankton has been conducted on a wide scale for fessional judgement for determining correctness of numerous years, and changes have been noted in the report. phytoplankton assemblages. However, planktonic 552 Stoermer et al.

forms constitute a relatively minor portion of the tion and relationships to overgrowth of algal flora (less than 20%) and a considerably smaller assemblages. fraction of the newly included taxa. It can be pro- During the past 20 years, water column sampling jected that a disproportionately low number of new for eutrophication studies has dramatically de- taxa will be reported from the plankton. Some new creased, particularly from around the early 1980s. planktonic and benthic diatom species may be ob- Although open lake and nearshore monitoring con- served in open water sampling; however, a limited tinues, the intensity, frequency, and diverse applica- number will be euplanktonic in nature and these tions pales compared to previous efforts (Danforth will probably be introduced/exotic species (Mills et and Ginsburg 1980; Hopkins and Lea 1982; Ross- al. 1993). Samples from paleolimnological studies mann 1986; Makarewicz 1988, 1993; Nicholls and appear to have a much greater probability for dis- Hopkins 1993). In effect, the era of intensive open covering new Great Lakes diatom taxa than does water plankton sampling beginning in about 1960 plankton sampling, but still a lower probability appears to have ended in the early 1980s. Some- than intensive benthic habitat investigations. what simultaneous to the reduced emphasis on open The past 20 years encompassed by this update water investigations, was the emergence of a has witnessed the passing of an era in terms of algal greater number of paleoecological studies using investigations, although the future will only record sediment cores. Although a limited number of pale- the accurate history. There has been a transition olimnological studies were conducted in the 1960s away from open water eutrophication studies and a and 1970s (Reid 1961, Stoermer and Yang 1968, concurrent but unrelated increase in paleolimnolog- Peterson 1975, Duthie and Sreenivasa 1971, Parker ical investigations. The history of Great Lakes di- and Edgington 1976), the number of studies and atom research and studies has been previously range of applications increased dramatically in the discussed (Davis 1966, Stoermer and Yang 1969, 1980s and has continued into the 1990s. This gen- Tarapchak and Stoermer 1976, Kreis 1984). The de- eral trend has also been observed on both a national and international basis. Most of these studies have velopment of diatom studies are generally parallel been used to diagnose the impacts of a wide num- for all of the Great Lakes and can be divided into ber of cultural effects on a range of waterbodies and three major time periods with specific attributes. habitats in the Great Lakes (Harris and Vollenwei- Great Lakes diatom records and specimens still der 1982; Thayer et al. 1983; Stoermer et al. 1985a, exist and date back to collections made during 1839 1985b, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1993; Wolin et al. 1988, (Bailey 1842, Ehrenberg 1845). In summary, the 1991; Yang et al. 1993) and elsewhere (Bradbury pre-1900 time frame and through the turn of the 1986, Gasse et al. 1989, Whitmore 1989, Kingston century can be characterized as a fascination by and Birks 1990, Dixit et al. 1992, Fritz et al. 1993). gentleman amateurs. It must be noted, however, At this time, the development and maturation of pa- that some of the primary descriptive work on the leoecological studies with multiple applications are Great Lakes diatom and algal flora was conducted well documented. at this time. From the turn of the century until about Diatoms have been extensively used as indicators 1960, taxonomic accounts of the diatom flora con- of a wide array of water quality conditions, re- tinued but were more detailed and systematic. This sponses, and stressors. Diatoms are presently being time period was also characterized by planktonic used or are proposed for use as indicators within collections and quantitative abundance estimates. large national programs concerned with monitoring Many of these studies were in response to the water and assessment (previously cited) including the quality problems of the times at drinking water fa- Great Lakes (Cairns et al. 1991, Hedtke et al. 1992, cilities. The emphasis of these studies was primar- Stevenson 1993, Stoermer and Andresen 1995). Di- ily on nearshore areas. After 1960, quantitative atoms offer intrinsic values and logistical, ecologi- studies of the offshore waters was the most striking cal, and interpretative advantages as indicators. feature of this time period. Certainly studies were Commonly cited advantages and attributes of di- generally more sophisticated and included not only atoms as indicators include: base of the food web, species composition, but seasonal succession and biodiversity and ubiquity, influence on system cy- variability of assemblages which were coordinated cling, ecologically sensitive, well-developed sam- with physical, chemical, and other biological data. pling and analysis methods, a range of metrics are Synoptic, lakewide, and regional surveys available, robustness for statistical analyses, and dominated this time period in regard to eutrophica- cost effectiveness. Diatom Checklist 553

The large number of species is consistent with ACKNOWLEDGMENTS the group’s position as a low level in trophic orga- The authors wish to acknowledge the very large nization. Diversity of the Bacillariophyta within number of individuals who have provided com- the Great Lakes is demonstrated by this checklist. ments on the diatoms of the Great Lakes. We partic- It is especially apparent when compared to upper ularly thank Keith Camburn for his comments and trophic levels such as fish where only 100 or so Dr. Mark Edlund for proofing the species list. We species can be expected in any given system acknowledge the U.S. Environmental Protection (Bailey and Smith 1981). Because of this great Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth diversity, this checklist will aid in the consistency MN and Grosse Ile MI, for funding support through of taxonomic treatment of Great Lakes diatom #5J1883NAEX and Project Officer Stephen J. populations (particularly in light of the major Lozano. Additional support was provided by NSF nomenclatural changes which have and are occur- grant DEB 9521882. This is contribution number ring) and will prevent the loss of ecological 604 of the Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sci- information due to systematic mistreatment. It has ences. been recognized that species and assemblages exhibit sensitivities and tolerances/requirements to REFERENCES different variables and in some cases, indices developed (Hustedt 1930, Nygarrd 1949, Hutchin- Association of Systematics Collections (ASC). 1995. Status, resources, and needs of systematic collections. son 1967, Cholnoky 1968, Lowe 1974, Stoermer Assoc. Systematics Coll., Washington, D.C. 1978, Beaver 1981, Carpelan 1986, Dixit et al. Bailey, J.W. 1842. A sketch of the infusoria of the fam- 1992). Statistical techniques such as cluster analy- ily Bacillaria, with some account of the most interest- sis, principal component analysis, and canonical ing species which have been found in a recent or fos- correspondence analysis have been used in a wide sil state in the United States. Amer. J. Sci. Arts array of studies to link environmental factors to 42(1):88–105. diatom populations and assemblages (Stoermer Bailey, R.M., and Smith, G.R. 1981. Origin and geogra- and Ladewski 1982, Stoermer and Theriot phy of the fish fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakes 1985, Stoermer et al. 1985c, Kreis et al. 1985). basin. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38:1539–1561. Beaver, J. 1981. Apparent ecological characteristics of These similarly have been applied in paleolimno- some common freshwater diatoms. Plankton Taxon- logical investigations (Stoermer et al. 1985a, omy Unit, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Rex- 1987, 1990, 1991, 1993, Wolin et al. 1988, dale, Ontario. 1991, Yang et al. 1993, ter Braake 1989, 1992, ter Birks, H.J.B. 1995. Quantitative palaeoenvironmental Braake and Juggins 1993, Line et al. 1994, Birks reconstructions. Statistical Modelling of Quaternary 1995). Science Data. In Maddy, D. and Brew J.S. (eds.), pp. It appears that further investigation and ex- 161–254 Technical Guide 5, Quaternary Res. Assoc., ploratory studies of diatoms in different habitats Cambridge. with particular emphasis on benthic and benthic- Bradbury, J.P. 1986. Effects of forest fire and other dis- related habitats is needed. Critical studies in taxon- turbances of wilderness lakes in northeastern Min- nesota II: Paleolimnology. Arch. Hydrobiol. omy for flora and fauna have decreased. There has 106:203–217. been a noticeable decrease of activity in the Great Brummitt, R.K., and Powell, C.E. (Editors). 1992. Lakes region since the early to mid 1980s. Conse- Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanic Gardens, quently, the expertise has not been passed along to Kew. the next generation of scientists. It appears that Cairns, J., Jr., McCormick, P.V., and Niederlehner, B.R. there is a greater propensity for general counts 1991. A proposed framework for developing indica- without critical study and delineation of species. tors of ecosystem health for the Great Lakes region. Therefore, critical diagnosis of the flora is also a VA Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, present need. Typically, large numbers of speci- VA, A report submitted to the Internat. Joint Comm., Windsor, Ont. mens with numerical designations reside in taxo- Carpelan, L.H. 1986. Evolutionary euryhalinity of nomic files without complete taxonomic treatment. diatoms in changing environments. Nova Hedwigia It has also come to our attention that some journals 29:489–526. do not necessarily encourage the publication of flo- Cholnoky, B.J. 1968. Die Ökologie der Diatomeen in ral and faunal lists. Binnengewasser. J. Cramer, Lehre. 554 Stoermer et al.

Danforth, W.F., and Ginsburg, W. 1980. Recent changes Hirsch, R.M., Alley, W.M., and Wilber, W.G. 1988. in the phytoplankton of Lake Michigan near Chicago. Concepts for a national water-quality assessment pro- J. Great Lakes Res. 6(4):307–314. gram. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1021. Davis, C.C. 1966. Plankton Studies in the Largest Great Hopkins, G.J., and Lea, C. 1982. A ten-year study of Lakes of the World, with Special Reference to the St. phytoplankton biomass and composition in the Nanti- Lawrence Great Lakes of North America. Univ. coke region of Long Point Bay, Lake Erie. J. Great Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. Publ. No. 14. Lakes Res. 8(3):428–438. Dixit, S.S., Smol, J.P., Kingston, J.C., and Charles, D.F. Hunsaker, C., and Carpentar, D., eds. 1990. Ecological 1992. Diatoms: Powerful indicators of environmental indicators for the environmental monitoring and change. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26(1):22–33. assessment program. 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———, and Juggins, S. 1993. Weighted averaging par- Wolin, J.A., Stoermer, E.F., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, tial least squares regression (WA-PLS): an improved D.J. 1988. Siliceous microfossil succession in recent method for reconstructing environmental variables Lake Huron sediments. Arch. Hydrobiol. 114(2): from species assemblages. Hydrobiol. 260/270: 175–198. 485–502. ———, Stoermer, E.F., and Schelske, C.L. 1991. Recent Thayer, V.L., Johnson, T.C., and Schrader, H.J. 1983. A changes in Lake Ontario 1981–1987: Microfossil evi- preliminary study of recent diatom assemblages in dence of phosphorus reduction. J. Great Lakes Res. Lake Superior sediments. J. Great Lakes Res. 17(2):229–240. 9(4):508–516. Yang, J.R., Duthie, H.C., and DeLorme, L.D. 1993. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Reconstruction of the recent environmental history of Resource Conservation Service. 1996. Integrated Tax- Hamilton Harbor (Lake Ontario, Canada) from the onomic Information System (ITIS). Taxonomic Work- analysis of siliceous micro fossils. J. Great Lakes Res. bench User’s Guide, Version 1.12. U.S. Department 19(1):55–71. of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Whitmore, T.J. 1989. Florida diatom assemblages as Submitted: 5 February 1999 indicator of trophic status and pH. Limnol. Oceanogr. Accepted: 7 June 1999 34:882–895. Editorial handling: Rex Lowe

APPENDIX 1—TAXONOMIC NOTES AND CONSIDERATIONS (References cited are documented in Appendix 3)

1. The concept of Achnanthes biasolettiana Hust. car- 4. The citation Psammothidium levanderi (Hust.) Czarn. ried at the Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences in Czarn. & Edlund is an error in Round and Bukhti- (formerly the Great Lakes Research Division) was based yarova (1996). Psammothidium was erected in 1996 and upon Hustedt 1950. The entities assigned to Achnanthes Czarnecki and Edlund effected the change to Achnan- biasolettiana would be best associated with Lange- thidium in 1995. Beralot and Krammer’s Achnanthes rosenstockii Lange- 5. Lange-Bertalot in Lange-Bertalot & Krammer (1989) Bert. in Lange-Bertalot and Krammer 1989. Round and place Achnanthes sublaevis Hust. in synonymy with Bukhtiyatova (1996) based Psammothidium abundans Achnanthes ventralis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. in Lange- fo. rosenstockii on Lange-Bertalot and Krammers’s Bert. & Krammer. Achnanthes rosenstockii. The nomenclatural changes are noted for the morpholoical entity named Achnanthes bia- 6. Amphora hemicycla Stoermer and Yang 1971 solettiana in publications originating from the Center for The original publication of this name has in the proto- Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences. logue Amphora hemycyla with the plate legend having Amphora hemicycla. Stoermer (1980) used Amphora 2. Lange-Bertalot (1993) has synonymized Achnanthes hemicycla suggesting this is the intended name. Support gracillima (Meister) Mills non Hustedt 1927. The speci- for this argument is the plate legend and the habitat men reported here is identified in reference to the description of the taxon being primarily benthic in the Hustedt concept emended by Foged. Hence the syn- protologue. It is suggested the original publication con- onymy proposed by Lange-Bertalot is not included here. tains an orthographic error and the proper spelling of the 3. Simonsen (1987) discusses the basis for transferring specific epithet should be hemicycla not hemicyla. Eucocconeis lapponica Hust. to Achnanthes quadrataera (Another interpretation for this may be hemicyla is not a (Østrup) Möller ex Foged. Lange-Bertalot in Lange- proper word and subsequently needs to be corrected). Bertalot and Krammer (1989) suggests Achnanthes lap- 7. Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1985) propose ponica (Eucocconeis lapponica) be transferred to Amphora submontana Hust. as asynonym of Amphora Achnanthes laevis var. quadratarea (Østrup) Lange-Bert. montana and cite their synonymy decision in 1986. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer. Lange-Bertalot also sug- Simonsen (1987) claims the wrong slide (i.e., specimen) gested Achnanthes lapponica var. ninckei be transferred was used for the decision. Lange-Bertalot and Krammer to Achnanthes laevis var. ninckei (H. Guermer & Mang.) (1987) acknowledge the correct Hustedt type and main- Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer. Round, Craw- tain their synonymy. The resolution of this problem ford and Mann (1990) suggested Eucocconeis be consid- requires careful examination of the Hustedt and Krasske ered a valid genus closely related to both Achnanthidium types along with other collections to determine the vari- and Cocconeis. The Eucocconeis designation was ablity existing within the taxa to determine whether there retained pending further investigation into this little stud- are two distinct taxa or one taxon with a degree of vari- ied, complex group. ability. Diatom Checklist 557

8. This transfer has not been made by the authors indi- amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow pro parte to be Hantzschia cated, and the transfer is not legitimate, as Anomoeoneis abundans. In order to apply this synonymy, re-examina- sphaerophora is the type of Anomoeoneis. tion of the Great Lakes records needs to be conducted. 9. In the Krammer and Lange-Bertalot Bacillario- 20. Melosira crenulata (Ehrenb.) Kütz. and Melosira phyceae (1986, 1988, 1991a, 1991b) the minor genera in crenulata var. tenuis Kütz. present problems of interpre- the Fragilariaceae (i.e., Hannaea) are combined into tation. These are old names which by contemporary stan- Fragilaria. Here the classical smaller genera were kept dards were dumping grounds for Melosira specimens. along with the modern approach. Records at the Academy of Natural Science of Phildel- 10. The combination Staurosira construens var. binodis phia Diatom Herbarium demonstrate the problem. Each (Ehrenb.) Hamilton (1992) is an error. Fragilaria con- of the Academy’s records have samples associated with struens var. binodis is more properly placed in Pseu- them so that verification can be made. Among the many dostaurosira. records for Melosira crenulata there are seven different Melosira taxa listed in synonomy for various collections. 11. The original list (Stoermer and Kreis 1978) reported Until the Great Lakes collections on which the M. crenu- Fragilaria minuscula Grunow. Williams and Round lata records were based are examined it would be most (1987) created a new combination Fragilaria miniscula prudent to leave the names as they stand without (Grunow in Van Heurck) with the basionym Synedra attempts to suggest synonyms. miniscula Grunow in Van Heurck. It has not been possi- ble to determine if the record reported here is conspecific 21. This combination comes from Krammer and Lange- with the synonymy of Williams and Round. Bertalot (1991, p. 14) but R. M. Crawford has not made the transfer (personal communication, Crawford). There- 12. Krammer & Lange-Bertalot consider Fragilaria fore, Melosira roseana Rabenh. is a synonym of vaucheriae and its varities to be Fragilaria capucina. Melosira dendroteres (Rabenh.) R. Ross. 13. Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt in Lange-Bertalot 1993 22. Lange-Bertalot (1993) places Navicula cari Ehrenb. Gomphonema acuminatum turris consider var. (Ehrenb.) sensu Hustedt into his manuscript name Navicula cari- Cl. sensu Fricke to be Gomphonema contraturris Lange- ocincta Lange-Bertalot. This synonymy is an attempt to Bert. & Reichardt. The application of this synonymy to clarify a taxonomic problem in this group of Navicula; the Great Lakes specimens needs further investigation. however, it only adds to the confusion. The name Navic- 14. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot (1991) consider Gom- ula cariocincta does not meet the criteria for valid publi- phonema intricatum to be Gomphonema dichotomum cation (Grueter et al. 1994). Kütz. This is also suggested in Krammer & Lange- Bertalot (1991a, p. 416). 23. In order to apply the synonymy proposed by Kram- mer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) for Navicula hustedtii fo. 15. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot (1991) consider Gom- obtusa a thorough examination of the taxa Navicula lat- phonema intricatum var. pumila to be Gomphonema ersotrata Hust., Navicula hustedtii fo. obtusa Hust., Nav- pumilum (Grunow) Krammer & Lange-Bert. This is also icula hustedtii fo. japonica Hust., and Navicula absoluta suggested in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991a, p. 416). Hust. needs to be conducted. 16. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot (1991) consider Gom- 24. Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) have syn- phonema intricatum var. vibrio to be Gomphonema vib- onymized Navicula kotschyi Grunow sensu Hust. non rioides Krammer & Lange-Bert. Grunow (Hustedt 1930) with Navicula pseudokotschyi 17. In Patrick & Reimer (1975) Gomphonema subclava- Lange-Bert. There is sufficient difference between Nav- tum var. mexicanum (Grunow) R.M.Patrick is included icula kotschyi Grunow sensu Hust. non Grunow and and the name is credited as having been publilshed in Navicula kotschyi Grunow to warrent caution in placing Hohn (1961). In Hohn (1961) the name appears only in a this synonymy in the list. It has not been possible to ver- list. There is no written description or any indication that ify the record of N. kotschyi Grunow with a reference it is a new variety. The name is invalidly published specimen to ascertain which concept was employed at according to the International Code of Botanical Nomen- the time of identification. clature (Greuter et al. 1994). 25. Lange-Bertalot (1980) demonstrated Navicula lance- 18. This synonymy reported in the original list (Stoer- olata sensu Agardh, Navicula lanceolata Agardh sensu mer and Kries 1978) is incorrect according to Sterren- Kütz., Navicula lanceolata Agardh sensu Ehrenb. and berg (1995). This synonymy is incompatable with the Navicula lanceolata Agardh sensu Hust. to be three dif- taxon bearing the superfluous and illegitimate name G. ferent species. spencerii (Sterrenburg 1995). Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Ehrenb. = Navicula 19. Lange-Bertalot (1993) has proposed Hantzschia lanceolata (C.Agardh) Ehrenb. 558 Stoermer et al.

Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. = Navicula Resolution of this problem requires examination of the trivialis Lange-Bert. type specimens. Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. sensu Hust. = 28. The synonomy suggested by VanLandingham Navicula pseudolanceolata Lange-Bert. (1975) is untenable. O’Meara’s illustration of Navicula termes does not resemble Ehrenberg’s 1841(1843) illus- It could be assumed that the majority of Navicula lance- trations of Pinnularia termes. Although Ehrenberg’s olata records were identified with either Hustedt (1930) description is brief his illustration suggests a specimen or Patrick and Reimer (1966) which present problems. with striae crossing the valve face while O’Meara’s illus- Both authors cite (C.Agardh) Kütz. as the authority for tration has striae at the margin. The outlines are only the taxon. Patrick states having examined the Agardh superficially similar. Resolution of this problem requires type and established a lectotype (Agardh Herb. Lund No. investigation of the type specimens. 3401 “Frustulia lanceolata” Ge.B.A. +4) then gives Kützing as the authority. Adopting the synonymy of 29. Mann in Round, Crawford and Mann (1990) erected Lange-Bertalot (1980) would result in the following: the genus Scolioneis with the type Navicula tumida Bréb. The Great Lakes record of Navicula tumida W.Sm. If Hustedt 1930 was used to identify a specimen the syn- should not be considered an authority citation error as it onymy is: is not conspecific with Navicula tumida Bréb. rather N. tumida W.Sm. is more likely associated with Navicula Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. = Navicula anglica Ralfs. pseudolanceolata Lange-Bert. 30. Depending on which Hustedt reference is used If Patrick and Reimer 1966 was used to identify a speci- (Hustedt 1953, 1959) Lange-Bertalot in Krammer & men the synonymy is: Lange-Bertalot (1988) maintains different synonymies. Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. = Navicula Hustedt 1953 Nitzschia graciloides = Nitzschia gracilis trivialis Lange-Bert. Hantz. This is unsettling as Patrick in Patrick & Reimer (1966) Hustedt 1959 Nitzschia graciloides = Nitzschia gracili- clearly indicates Pl. 48, fig. 20 as a drawing of the lecto- formis Lange-Bert. & Simonsen type. This would mean identifications made using Patrick & Reimer (1966) 31. Bukhtiyarova (1995) proposed a number of nomen- and citing Pl. 48, fig. 20 represent the Agardh type and clatural changes, a few of which the authors disagree with. In this report Nitzschia longissima fo. parva is not should not be considered Navicula trivialis Lange-Bert. considered synonymous with Nitzschia reversa and 26. It is unlikely the record of Navicula longirostris is Nitzschia palea var. tenuirostris is not synonymous with correct as the questionable transfer of N. longirostris to Nitzschia capitellata. Accordingly these changes have Proschkinia would suggest a marine diatom in the Great not been reported in the list. Lakes. 32. Krammer (1992) transferred Pinnularia interrupta 27. VanLandingham 1975 suggested Navicula stau- var. crassior (Grunow) Cleve to Pinnularia lindii Kram- roptera var. parva (Ehrenb.) Grunow to be a synonym of mer. The concept of P. interrupta var. crassior carried at Pinnularia parva (Ehrenb.) W.Greg. This suggestion is the Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences not tenable based on original illustrations of the taxa. (fromerly the Great Lakes Research Division) is more Navicula stauroptera var. parva (Ehrenb.) Grunow is consistent with Pinnularia subrostrata ( A.Cleve) weakly capitate with a stauroid central area reaching the A.Cleve. Records from the Center for Great Lakes and margin of the valve and striae which are radiate at the Aquatic Sciences for P. interrupta var. crassior should be considered P. subrostrata, not P. lindii. Without fur- center and convergent at the poles while Pinnularia ther investigation the synonomy proposed by Van Land- parva (Ehrenb.) W.Greg. has rounded ends, a small cen- ingham (1978) for P. subrostrata was not adopted. tral area which does not extend to the margin and striae radiate throughout the valve. Based on the valve outline, 33. These Staruosira designations are not in accor- strial pattern and central area, the two taxa do not appear dance with the modern usage of Williams & Round to be similar. Navicula stauroptera var. parva (Ehrenb.) 1987. They are from the first checklist (Stoermer and Grunow appears to be a Pinnularia but does not appear Kreis 1978) and represent literature reports of to be Pinnularia parva as VanLandingham suggests. Staurosira. Diatom Checklist 559

APPENDIX 2—BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE SEARCHED FOR GREAT LAKES RECORDS

Andresen, N.A., and Tuchman, M.L. 1991. Anomalous Periphyton accumulation at remote reefs and shoals in diatom populations in Lakes Michigan and Huron in Lake Superior. J. Great Lakes Res. 17:412–414. (No 1983. J. Great Lakes Res. 17:144–149. (No new new Records) Records) Fahnenstiel, G.L., and Scavia, D. 1987. Dynamics of Ayers, J.C., Southwick N.V., and Robinson, D.G. 1977. Lake Michigan phytoplankton: the deep chlorophyll Benton Harbor power plant limnological studies. layer. J. Great Lakes Res. 13:285–295. (No new Part XXIII. Phytoplankton of the seasonal surveys of Records) 1974 and 1975 and initial pre- vs. post-operational ———, Schelske, C.L., and Moll, R.A. 1984. In situ comparisons at Cook Nuclear Plant. The University quantum efficiency of lake Superior phytoplankton. J. of Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division, Special Great Lakes Res. 10:399–406. (No new Records) Report 44, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records) Frederick, V.R. 1981. Preliminary investigation of the Beeton, A.M., and Saylor, J.H. 1995. Limnology of Lake algal flora in the sediments of Lake Erie. J. Great Huron. In The Lake Huron Ecocystem: Ecology, Fish- Lakes Res. 7:404–408. (Records) eries and Management, Munawar, M., T. Edsall and J. Garono, R. J., Heath, R.T., and Hwang, S.-J. 1996. Den- Leach (eds.), pp. 1–37. Ecovision World Monograph trended correspondence analysis of photoplankton Series, SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, The (sic) abundance and distribution in Sandusky Bay and Netherlands. (No new Records) Lake Erie. J. Great Lakes Res. 22:818–829. (No new Brahce, M.Z. 1980. The vertical distribution of phyto- Records) plankton and primary production in central Lake Gray, I.M. 1987. Difference beween nearshore and off- Michigan, July 1977. Master’s thesis, University of shore phytoplankton communities in Lake Ontario. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44:2155–2163. (No new Brooks, A.S., and Torke, B.G. 1977. Vertical and sea- Records) sonal distribution of chlorophyll a in Lake Michigan. Harris, G.P., and R.A. Vollenweider. 1982. Paleolimno- J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 34:2280–2287. (No new logical evidence of early eutrophication in Lake Erie. Records) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39:618–626. (No new ———, Warren, G.J., Boraas, M.E., Scale, D.B., and Records) Edgington, D. N. 1984. Long-term phytoplankton Hartig, J.H. 1987. Factors contributing to development changes in Lake Michigan: Cultural eutrophication or of Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton pulses in Pigeon Bay biotic shifts. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. waters of western Lake Erie. J. Great Lakes Res. 22:460–469. (No new Records) 13:65–77. (No new Records) Brown, C.L., and Manny, B.A. 1983. Nearshore phyto- ———, and Wallen, D.G. 1984. Seasonal variation of plankton of Hammond Bay, Lake Huron. J. Great nutrient limitation in western lake Erie. J. Great Lakes Res. 9:523–529. (Records) Lakes Res. 10:449–460. (No new Records) Conley, D.J., Schelske, C.L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1993. Hasle, G.R. 1977. Morphology and taxonomy of Modification of the biogeochemical cycle of silica Actinocyclus normanii f. subsalsa (Bacillario- with eutrophication. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. phyceae). Phycologia 16:321–328. (No new Records) 101:179–192. (No new Records) Hasle, G.R. 1978. Some freshwater and brackish water Danforth, W.F., and Ginsburg, W. 1980. Recent changes species of the diatom genus Thalassiossira Cleve. in the phytoplankton of Lake Michigan near Chicago. Phycologia 17:263–292. (Records) J. Great Lakes Res. 6:307–314. (No new Records) Heath, R.T., Fahnenstiel, G.L., Gardner, W.S., Cavaletto, Davis, C.O., Schelske, C.L., and Kreis, R.G., Jr. 1980. J.F., and Hwang, S.-J. 1995. Ecosystem-level effects Influences of spring thermal bar, Section 7. In Limno- of zebra mussels (Dreissenia polymorpha): an enclo- logical conditions in southern Lake Huron, 1974 and sure experiment in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. J. 1975, C. L. Schelske, R.A. Moll and M.S. Simmons, Great Lakes Res. 21:501–516. (No new Records) pp. 140–164. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hedtke, S., Pilli, A., Dolan, D., McRae, G., Goodno, B., Office of Research and Development, Duluth, Min- Kreis, R., Warren, G., Swackhammer, D., and Henry, nesota. EPA-600/3-80-074. (No new Records) M. 1992. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Duthie, H.C., Yang, J-R., Edwards, T.W.D., Wolfe, Program. EMAP—Great Lakes Monitoring and B.B., and Warner, B.G. 1966. Hamilton Harbour, Research Strategy. U.S. Environmental Protection Ontario: 8300 years of limnological and environmen- Agency, Office of Research and Development, envi- tal change inferred from microfossil and isotopic ronmental research laboratory, EPA-620/3-80-066, analysis. J. Paleolimnol. 15:79–97. (No new Records) Duluth, MN. (No new Records) Edsall, T.A., Stoermer, E.F., and Kociolek, J.P. 1991. Holland, R.E. 1980. Seasonal fluctuations of major 560 Stoermer et al.

diatom species at five stations across Lake Michigan, pheric Administration, National Ocean Service, May 1970–October 1972. U.S. Environmental Protec- Office of Ocean and coastal Resource Management, tion Agency, Office of Research and Development, Sanctuary Programs Division (Records) ERL-Duluth, EPA-600/3-80-066, Duluth, MN. (No ———, and Millie, D.F. 1992. Aquatic macrophytes and new Records) algae at Old Woman Creek estuary and other Great ———. 1993. Changes in planktonic diatoms and water Lakes coastal wetlands. J. Great Lakes Res. transparency in Hatchery Bay, Bass Island area, west- 18:622–633. (No new Records) ern Lake Erie since the establishment of the zebra ———, and Millie, D.F. 1994. Regulation of phyto- mussel. J. Great Lakes Res. 19:617–624. (No new plankton dynamics in a Laurentian Great Lakes estu- Records) ary. Hydrobiologia 286:97–108. (Records) Hopkins, G.J. 1983. The trophic status of nearshore Kociolek, J.P., and Stoermer, E.F. 1987. Geographic dis- waters in southern Lake Huron at three Ontario water tribution and variability of the diatom (Bacillario- supply intakes 1976–1981. Ontario Ministry of the phyceae) Gomphonema ventricosum Gregory. Nova Environment, Rexdale, Ontario. (No new Records) Hedwigia 45:223–236. (Records) ———, and Lea, C. 1982. A ten-year study of phyto- ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1990. Taxonomy and ultra- plankton biomass and composition in the Nanticoke structure of some Gomphonema and Gomphoneis taxa region of Long Point Bay, Lake Erie. J. Great Lakes from the upper Great Lakes. Can. J. Bot. Res. 8:428–438. (No new Records) 69:1557–1576. (Records) Institute of Water Research, Michigan State University. ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1990. A new, highly variable 1976. The impact of thermal discharge from the Mon- Gomphonema (Bacillariophyceae) species from the roe Power Plant on the aquatic community in western Laurentian Great Lakes. In Ouvrage dédié à la Lake Erie. Institute of Water Research, Technical Mémorie du Professeur Henry Germain., ed. M. Report 32.6, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Ricard, pp. 139–144. Koeltz, Koenigstein. (Records) MI. (Records) Kreis, R.G., Jr. 1984. Comparative analysis of 1980 Keilty, T.J., Stoermer, E.F., and White D.S. 1988. Algal southern Lake Huron phytoplankton assemblages with remains in some surface sediments of Lake Erie. J. conditions prior to nutrient loading reductions. Ph.D. Great Lakes Res. 14:164–170. (Records) dissertation, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Kingston, J.C. 1978. Morphological variation of Cym- MI. (No new Records) bella delicatula and C. hustedtii from northern Lake ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1978. Diatoms of the Lau- Michigan. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 97:311–319. rentian Great Lakes III. Rare and poorly-known (No new Records) species of Achnanthes Bory and Cocconeis Ehr. ———. 1980. Characterization of benthic diatom com- (Bacillariophyta). J. Great Lakes Res. 5:276–291. munities in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan. (Records) Ph.D. dissertation, Bowling Green State University, ———, Ladewski, T.B., and Stoermer, E.F. 1983. Influ- Bowling Green, OH. (Records) ence of the St. Marys River plume on northern Lake ———. 1980. Morphological observations of Amphora Huron phytoplankton assemblages. J. Great Lakes thumensis (Mayer) A.Cl. using light and scanning Res. 9:40–51. (No new Records) electron microscopy. Micron 11:9–10. (No new ———, Stoermer, E.F., and Ladewski, T.B. 1985. Phy- Records) toplankton species composition, abundance, and dis- ———, Lowe, R.L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1979. Attached tribution in southern Lake Huron, 1980; including a winter floral assemblages on sand from Grand Tra- comparative analysis with conditions in 1974 prior to verse Bay, Lake Michigan. Micron 10:203–204. (No nutrient loading reductions. Great Lakes Research new Records) Division, The University of Michigan, Special Report ———, Lowe, R.L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1980. The frus- No. 107, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records) tular morphology of Amphora thumensis (Mayer) Ladewski, B.G., Kreis, R.G., Jr., and Stoermer, E.F. A.Cl. from northern Lake Michigan and consideration 1982. A comparative analysis of Lake Huron phyto- of its systematic position. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. plankton assemblages after entrainment at selected 99:276–283. (No new Records) water intake facilities. The University of Michigan, ———, Lowe, R.L., Stoermer, E.F., and Ladewski, T.B. Great Lakes Research Division, Special Report 92, 1983. Spatial and temporal distribution of benthic Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records) diatoms in northern Lake Michigan. Ecology Larentyev, P.J., Gardner, W.S., Cavaletto, J.F., and 64:1566–1580. (Records) Beaver, J.R. 1995. Effect of the zebra mussel (Dreis- Klarer, D.M. 1985. An annotated species list of the algae sena polymorpha Pallas) on protozoa and phytoplank- of Old Woman Creek Estuary. Old Woman Creek ton from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. J. Great Lakes technical Report No. 3, Ohio Department of Natural Res. 21:545–557. (No new Records) Resources, Division of Natural Areas and US Depart- Lin, C.K., and Schelske, C.L. 1978. Effects of nutrient ment of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmos- enrichment, light intensity and temperature on growth Diatom Checklist 561

of phytoplankton from Lake Huron. University of of Lake Huron phytoplankton, April–December 1971. Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division Special Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Fisheries and Report 63, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records) Marine Service Technical Report No. 917, Burling- Lowe, R.L. 1975. Comparative ultrastructure of the ton, Ontario, Canada. (No new Records) valves of some Cyclotella species (Bacillariophyta). J. ———, and Munawar, I.F. 1981. A general comparison Phycol. 11:415–424. (No new Records) of the taxonomic composition and size analysis of the ———. 1981. The frustular morphology and distribution phytoplankton of he North American Great Lakes. of Cyclotella gamma Sov. (Bacillariophyta). Proc. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 21:1695–1716. (No Iowa Acad. Sci. 88:82–84. (Records) new Records) ———, Rosen, B.H., and Kingston, J.C. 1982. A com- ———, and Munawar, I.F. 1982. Phycological studies parison of epiphytes on Bangia atropurpurea on lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Superior. Can. J. (Rhodophyta) and Cladophora glomerata (Chloro- Bot. 60:1873–1858. (No new Records) phyta) from northern Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes ———, Munawar, I.F., Culp, L.R., and Dupuis, G. 1978. Res. 8:164–168. (No new Records) Relative importance of nannoplankton in Lake Supe- Makarewicz, J.C. 1987. Phytoplankton and zooplankton rior phytoplankton biomass and community metabo- composition, abundance and distribution: Lake Erie, lism. J. Great Lakes Res. 4:462–480. (No new Lake Huron and Lake Michigan—1983. U.S. Environ- Records) mental Protection Agency Report. EPA-905/2-87-002. ———, Mudroch, A., Munawar, I.F., and Thomas, R.L. (Records) 1983. The impact of sediment-associated contami- ———. 1987. Phytoplankton composition, abundance, nants from the Niagara River mouth on various size and distribution: nearshore Lake Ontario and Oswego assemblages of phytoplankton. J. Great Lakes Res. River and harbor. J. Great Lakes Res. 13:56–64. (No 9:303–313. (No new Records) new Records) ———, Thomas, R.L., Norwood, W., and Mudroch, A. ———. 1988. Phytoplankton and zooplankton in Lakes 1985. Toxicity of Detroit River sediment-bound cont- Erie, Huron and Michigan: 1984. U. S. Environmental aminants to ultraplankton. J. Great Lakes Res. Protection Agency Report. EPA-905/3-88-001. 11:264–274. (No new Records) (Records) Nicholls, K.H., and Carney, E.C. 1979. The taxonomy of ———. 1991. Feasibility of shoreside monitoring of the Bay of Quinte phytoplankton and the relative impor- Great Lakes. J. Great Lakes Res. 17:344–360. (No tance of common and rare taxa. Can. J. Bot. new Records) 57:1591–1608. (No new records) ———. 1993. Phytoplankton biomass and species com- ———, and Hopkins, G.J. 1993. Recent changes in Lake position in Lake Erie, 1970 to 1987. J. Great Lakes Erie (north shore) phytoplankton: cumulative impacts Res. 19:258–274. (Records) of phosphorus loading reductions and the zebra mus- ———, and Bertram, P. 1991. A lakewide comparison sel introduction. J. Great Lakes Res. 19:637–647. (No study of phytoplankton biomass and its species com- new Records) position in Lake Huron, 1971 to 1985. J. Great Lakes ———, Carney, E.C., and Robinson, G.W. 1977. Phyto- Res. 17:553–564. (Records) plankton of an inshore area of Georgian Bay, Lake ———, Baybutt, R.I., and Damman, K. 1979. Changes Huron, prior to reductions in phosphorus loading. J. in the apparent temperature optima of the plankton of Great Lakes Res. 3:79–92. (Records) Lake Michigan at Chicago, Illinois. J. Fish. Res. ———, Standen, D.W., Hopkins, G.J., and Carney, E.C. Board. Can. 36:1169–1173. (No new Records) 1977. Declines in the near-shore phytoplankton of Millie, D.F., and Lowe, R.L. 1981. Diatoms new to Ohio Lakes Erie’s western basin since 1971. J. Great Lakes and the Laurentian Great Lakes. Ohio J. Sci. Res. 3:72–78. (No new Records) 81:195–206. (Records) ———, Standen, D.W. and Hopkins, G.J. 1980. Recent ———, and Wee, J.L. 1981. Observations on the tube- changes in the near-shore phytoplankton of Lake dwelling diatom Navicula tripunctata var. Erie’s western basin at Kingsville, Ontario. J. Great schizonemoides (V.H.) Patr. using light and electron Lakes Res. 6:146–153. (No new Records) microscopy. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 88(2):74–78. (No Pringle, C.M., White, D.S., Rice, C.P., and Tuchman, new Records) M.L. 1981. The biological effects of chloride and sul- Moll, R.A., Brahce, M.Z., and Peterson, T.P. 1984. Phy- fate with special emphasis on the Laurentian Great toplankton dynamics within the subsurface chloro- Lakes. Great Lakes Research Division, The University phyll maximum of Lake Michigan. J. Plankton Res. of Michigan, Publication 20, Ann Arbor MI. (No new 6:751–766. (Records) Records) Munawar, M., and Munawar, I.F. 1978. Phytoplankton Richman, S., Sager, P.E., Banta, G., Harvey, T.R., and of Lake Superior 1973. J. Great Lakes Res. Destasio, B.T. 1984. Phytoplankton standing stock, 4:415–442. (Records) size distribution, species composition and productiv- ———, and Munawar, I.F. 1979. A preliminary account ity along a trophic gradient in Green Bay, Lake 562 Stoermer et al.

Michigan. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22: patterns of diatoms on Cladophora in Lake Huron.J. 460–469. (No new Records) Great Lakes Res. 8:169–183. (Records) Rosen, B.H. 1981. Observations of differential epi- ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1982. Luxury consumption phytism on Cladophora glomerata and Bangia atrop- of phosphorus by five Cladophora epiphytes in Lake urpurea from Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan. Huron. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 101:151–161. (No Micron 12:219–220. (No new Records) new Records) Rossmann, R. 1986. Southeastern Nearshore Lake ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1982. Abundance patterns of Michigan: Impact of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear diatoms on Cladophora in Lake Huron with respect to Plant. Great Lakes Research Division, The University a point source of wastewater treatment plant effluent. of Michigan, Publication 22, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new J. Great Lakes Res. 8:184–195. (No new Records) Records) Stoermer, E.F. 1978. Diatoms from the Great Lakes. I. ———, Miller, N.M., and Robinson, D.G. 1977. Benton Rare or poorly-known species of the genera Harbor power plant limnological studies. Part XXIV. Diploneis, Oestrupia, and Stauroneis. J. Great Lakes Entrainment of phytoplankton at the Donald C. Cook Res. 4:170–177. (Records) Nuclear Plant—1975. The University of Michigan, ———. 1978. Phytoplankton assemblages as indicators Great Lakes Research Division, Special Report 44, of water quality in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Trans. Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records) Amer. Microsc. Soc. 97:2–16. (Records) . 1980. Characteristics of benthic algal communi- ———, Chang, W., Damaske, L.D., and Yocum, W.L. ——— 1980. Entrainment of phytoplankton at the Donald C. ties in the upper Great Lakes. U.S. Environmental Cook Nuclear Plant—1977. The University of Michi- Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop- gan, Great Lakes Research Division, Special Report ment, ERL-Duluth, Duluth, MN, EPA-600/3-80-073. 67, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records) (Records) . 1981. Diatoms associated with bryophyte com- ———, Chang, W., and Barres, J. 1982. Benton Harbor ——— power plant limnological studies. Part XXX. Entrain- munities growing at extreme depths in Lake Michi- ment of phytoplankton at the Donald C. Cook Nuclear gan. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 88:91–95. (Records) . 1984. Research on Great Lakes algal communi- Plant—1979. The University of Michigan, Special ——— ties: problems from the past, lessons for the future.J. Report 44, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records) Great Lakes Res. 10:143–155. (No new Records) Scavia, D. 1979. Examination of phosphorus cycling and . 1993. Evaluating diatom succession: some pecu- control of phytoplankton dynamics in Lake Ontario ——— larities of the Great Lakes case. J. Paleolimnol. with an ecological model. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 8:71–83. (No new Records) 36:1336–1346. (No new Records) ———, and Andresen, N.A. 1995. Diatom studies under Sicko-Goad, L. 1982. A morphometric analysis of algal EMAP Great Lakes. U.S. Environmental Protection response to low dose, short-term heavy metal expo- Agency, Office of Research and Development, MED- sure. Protoplasma 110:75–86. (No new Records) Duluth and LLRS-Grosse Ile, MI. (Records) , Stoermer, E.F., and Ladewski, B.G. 1977. A ——— ———, and Kreis, R.G., Jr. 1980. Phytoplankton compo- morphometric method for correcting phytoplankton sition and abundance in southern Lake Huron. U.S. cell volume estimates. Protoplasma 93:147–163. (No Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research new Records) and Development, ERL-Duluth, Duluth, MN, EPA- Smith, R.E.H., and Manley, J.A. 1993. Photosynthetic 600/3-80-061. (Records) carbon assimilation and allocation by surface and ———, and Ladewski, T.B. 1978. Phytoplankton associ- deep phytoplankton in Colpoys Bay (western Geor- ations in Lake Ontario during IFYGL. The University gian Bay). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50:2235–2244. of Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division, Special (No new Records) Report 62, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records) Stevenson, R.J. 1985. Phytoplankton composition, abun- ———, and Ladewski, T.B. 1982. Quantitative analysis dance and distribution in Lake Huron. U.S. Environ- of shape variation in type and modern populations of mental Protection Agency. Report EPA-905/3-85-004. Gomphoneis herculeana. Nova Hedwigia, Beih. (No new Records) 73:347–386. (No new Records) ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1978. Diatoms from the ———, and Stevenson, R.J. 1979. Green Bay phyto- Great Lakes. II. Some rare or poorly known species of plankton composition, abundance and distribution. the genus Navicula. J. Great Lakes Res. 4:178–185. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V, (Records) EPA-905/3-79-002, Chicago, IL. (No new Records) ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1981. Quantitative differ- ———, and Theriot, E. 1984. Principal component ences between benthic algal communities along a analysis of Stephanodiscus: Observations on two depth gradient in Lake Michigan. J. Phycol. species from the Stephanodiscus niagarae complex. 17:29–36. (Records) Bacillaria 7:37–58. (Records) ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1982. Seasonal abundance ———, and Theriot, E. 1985. Phytoplankton distribution Diatom Checklist 563

in Saginaw Bay. J. Great Lakes Res. 11:132–142. (No based on diatoms. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38:1311–1316. new Records) (No new Records) ———, and Tuchman, M.L. 1979. Phytoplankton assem- ———, Emmert, G., Julius, M.L., and Schelske, C.L. blages of the nearshore zone of southern Lake Michi- 1996. Paleolimnologic evidence of rapid recent gan. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region change in Lake Erie’s trophic status. Can. J. Fish. V, EPA-905/3-79-001, Chicago, IL. (No new Aquat. Sci. 53:1451–1458. (No new Records) Records) Tarapchak, S.J., and Stoermer, E.F. 1976. Environmental ———, Ladewski, T.B., and Schelske, C.L. 1978. Popu- Status of the Lake Michigan Region. Volume 4. Phyto- lation responses of Lake Michigan phytoplankton to plankton of Lake Michigan. Argonne National Labo- nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Hydrobiologia ratory, Argonne, IL. ANL/ES-40, Volume 4. (No new 58:249–265. (No new records) Records) ———, Kingston, J.C., and Sicko-Goad, L. 1979. The Thayer, V.L., Johnson, T.C., and Schrader, H.J. 1983. morphology and taxonomic relationships of Stephan- Distribution of diatoms in Lake Superior sediments. J. odiscus binderanus var. oestrupi (A. Cl.) A. Cl. Nova Great Lakes Res. 9:497–507. (Records) Hedwigia, Beih. 64:65–78. (No new Records) ———, Johnson, T.C., and Schrader, H.J. 1983. A pre- liminary study of recent diatom assemblages in Lake ———, Kreis, R.G., Jr., and Sicko-Goad, L. 1981. A systematic, quantitative, and ecological comparison of Superior sediments. J. Great Lakes Res. 9:508–516. Melosira islandica O. Müll. with M. granulata (Ehr.) (No new Records) Ralfs from the Laurentian Great Lakes. J. Great Lakes Theriot, E.C. 1983. Morphological variation in Stephan- Res. 7:345–356. (No new Records) odiscus niagarae (Bacillariophyceae). Ph.D. disserta- tion, The University of Michgan, Ann Arbor, MI. (No ———, Kociolek, J.P., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J. 1985. Siliceous microfossil succession in the recent new Records) history of Lake Superior. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. ———. 1987. Principal component analysis and taxo- Philadelphia. 137:106–118. (Records) nomic interpretation of environmentally related varia- Stephanodiscus , Wolin, J.A., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J. tion in silicification in (Bacillario- ——— phyceae). Br. phycol. J. 22:359–373. (No new 1985. Post settlement diatom succession in the Bay of Records) Quinte, Lake Ontario. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. . 1988. An empirically based model of variation 42:754–767. (No new Records) ——— in rotational elements in centric diatoms with com- , Wolin, J.A., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J. ——— ments on ratios in phycology. J. Phycol. 24:400–407. 1985. Variations in Melosira islandica valve mor- (No new Records) phology in Lake Ontario sediments related to eutroph- ———. 1992. Clusters, species concepts and morpholog- ication and silica depletion. Limnol. Oceanogr. ical evolution of diatoms. Sys. Biol. 41:141–157. (No 30:414–418. (No new Records) new Records) , Wolin, J.A., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J. ——— ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1981. Some aspects of mor- 1985. An assessment of ecological changes during the phological variation in Stephanodiscus niagarae recent history of Lake Ontario based on siliceous (Bacillariophyceae). J. Phycol. 17:64–72. (No new algal microfossils preserved in the sediments. J. Phy- Records) col. 21:257–276. (Records) ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1982. Observations on North ———, Kociolek, J.P., Schelske, C.L., and Conley D.J. American populations of Stephanodiscus (Bacillario- 1987. Quantitative analysis of siliceous micro fossils phyceae) species attributed to Friedrich Hustedt. in the sediments of Lake Erie’s central basin. Diatom Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 101:368–374. (No new Res. 2:113–134. (Records) Records) ———, Håkansson, H., and E. Theriot. 1988. Morphol- ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1984. Principal component ogy and taxonomy of Stephanodiscus conspicueporus analysis of character variation in Stephanodiscus nia- sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae). Trans. Amer. Microsc. garae Ehrenb.: Morphological variation related to Soc. 107:46–52. (Records) lake trophic status. In Proc. Seventh International ———, Wolin, J.A., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J. Diatom Symposium, Philadelphia, August 22–27, 1990. Siliceous microfossil succession in Lake Michi- 1982. ed. D.G. Mann, pp. 97–111. Koeltz, Koenig- gan. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35:959–967. (No new stein. (No new Records) Records) ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1984. Principal component ———, Kociolek, J.P., Schelske, C.L., and Andresen, analysis of variation in Stephanodiscus rotula and S. N.A. 1991. Siliceous microfossil succession in the niagarae (Bacillariophyceae). Syst. Bot. 9:53–59. (No recent history of Green Bay, Lake Michigan. J. Pale- new Records) olimnol. 6:123–140. (No new Records) ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1986. Morphological and ———, Wolin, J.A., and Schelske, C.L. 1993. Paleolim- ecological evidence for two varities of the diatom nological comparison of the Laurentian Great Lakes Stephanodiscus niagarae. In Proceedings Eighth 564 Stoermer et al.

International Diatom Symposium, Paris August 27– D.J. 1988. Siliceous microfossil succession in recent September 1, 1984. ed. M. Ricard, pp. 385–394. Lake Huron sediments. Arch. Hydrobiol. 114: Koeltz, Koenigstein. (No new Records) 175–198. (Records) ———, Håkansson, H., Kociolek, J.P., Round, F.E., and ———, Stoermer, E.F., and Schelske, C.L. 1991. Recent Stoermer, E. F. 1987. Validation of the diatom genus changes in Lake Ontario 1981–1987: Microfossil evi- name Cyclostephanos. Br. phycol. J. 22:345–347. (No dence of phosphorus reduction. J. Great Lakes. Res. new Records) 17:229–240. (No new Records) ———, Håkansson, H., and Stoermer, E.F. 1988. Mor- Wujek, D.E., and Graebner, M. 1980. A new freshwater phometric analysis of Stephanodiscus alpinus (Bacil- species of Chaetoceros from the Great Lakes region. lariophyceae) and its morphology as an indicator of J. Great Lakes Res. 6:260–262. (Records) lake trophic status. Phycologia 27:485–493. (No new , and Welling, M.L. 1981. The occurrence of two Records) ——— centric diatoms new to the Great Lakes. J. Great Walker, G.K., Sicko-Goad, L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1978. Lakes Res. 7:55–56. (Records) Intercalary band formation and cell growth in the diatom Fragilaria capucina. Microbios Letters Yang, J-R., and Duthie, H.C. 1993. Morphology and 9:147–154. (No new Records) ultrastructure of teratological forms of the diatoms Stephanodiscus niagarae and S. parvus (Bacillario- ———, Sicko-Goad, L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1979. An ultrastructural examination of the pennate diatom phyceae) from Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario, Caloneis amphisbaena. Microbios Letters Canada). Hydrobiologia 269/270:57–66. (No new 12:141–152. (No new Records) Records) Wallen, D.G. 1990. The toxicity of chromium (VI) to ———, and Duthie, H.C. 1995. Regression and weighted photosynthesis of the phytoplankton assemblage of averaging models relating to surficial sedimentary Lake Erie and the diatom Fragilaria crotonensis Kit- diatom assemblages to water depth in Lake Ontario. J. ton. Aquat. Bot. 38:331–340. (No new Records) Great Lakes. Res. 21:84–94. (No new Records) ———. 1996. Adaptation of the growth of the diatom ———, Duthie, H.C., and DeLorme, L.D. 1993. Recon- Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton and the phytoplankton struction of the recent environmental history of assemblage of Lake Erie to chromium toxicity. J. Hamilton Harbor (Lake Ontario, Canada) from the Great Lakes Res. 22:55–62. (No new Records) analysis of siliceous microfossils. J. Great Lakes Res. Wolin, J.A., Stoermer, E. F., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, 19:55–71. (Records)

APPENDIX 3—TAXONOMIC LITERATURE

References which have primary systematic and ———. 1994. Nomenclatural changes for some diatoms nomenclatural information impacting Great Lakes found in Iowa. J. Iowa Acad. Sci. 101:96–97. diatom taxonomy through 1996. ———, and Edlund, M.B. 1995. New combinations for some taxa of Achnanthes. Diatom Res. 10:207–209. Bukhtiyarova, L. 1995. New taxonomic combinations of ———, and Reinke, D.C. 1982. Nomenclatural changes diatoms (Bacillariophyta). Algologia 5:417–424. among Kansas diatoms. Trans. Kansas Academy Sci. Bukhtiyarova, L., and Round, F.E. 1996. Revision of the 85:174–176. genus Achnanthes sensu lato. Psammothidium, a new Edlund, M.B. 1994. Additions and confirmations to the genus based on A. Marginulatum. Diatom Res. algal flora of Itasca State park II. Diatoms from 11:1–30. Chambers Creek. J. Minnesota Acad. Sci. 59:10–21. Cox, E.J. 1987. Placoneis Mereschkowsky: The re- ———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1993. Resting spores of the evaluation of a diatom genus originally characterized freshwater ditoms Acanthoceros and Urosolenia. J. by its chloroplast type. Diatom. Res. 2:145–157. Paleolimnol. 9:55–61. Crawford, R.M. 1988. A reconsidertion of Melosira are- Ehrenberg, C.G. 1841 (1843). Vebreitung und Einfluss naria and M. teres; resulting in a proposed new genus des mikroskopischen Lebens in Süd- und Nord- Ellerbeckia. In Algae and the Aquatic Environment, Amerika. Abhandl. der Königl. Akad. der Wis- ed. F.E. Round. pp. 413–433. Biopress, Bristol. senschaften zu Berlin. Theil 1, S.291–445, 4 Taf. Czarnecki, D.B. 1994. The freshwater diatom culture (Sonderabdruck 154s.) collection at Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. In Pro- Håkansson, H. 1986. A taxonomic reappraisal of some ceedings of the 11th International Diatom Sympo- Stephanodiscus species (Bacillariophyta). Br. phycol. sium, ed J.P. Kociolek. pp. 155–173. Memoirs of the J. 21:25–37. California Academy of Sciences, No. 17, San Fran- ———. 1989. A light and electron microscopical investi- cisco. gation of the type species of Cyclotella (Bacillario- Diatom Checklist 565

phyceae) and related forms, using original material. ———, and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1986. Bacillariophyceae. Diatom Res. 4:255–267. In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, H. Ettl, J. ———. 1990. Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz. (Bacillar- Gerloff, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer eds. Vol. 2 iophyceae), its morphology and reappraisal of similar Teil 1. Naviculaceae. Fischer, Stuttgart. species. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 100:19–37. ———, and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1988. Bacillariophyceae. ———, and Locker, S. 1981. Stephanodiscus Ehrenberg In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, H. Ettl, J. 1846, a revision of the species described by Ehren- Gerloff, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer eds. Vol. 2 berg. Nova Hedwigia 35:117–150. Teil 2. Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Hamilton, P.B., Poulin, M., Charles, D.F., and Angell, Fischer, Stuttgart. M. 1992. Americanarum Diatomarum Exsiccata: ———, and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1991a. Bacillario- CANA, Voucher slides from eight acidic lakes in phyceae. In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, H. northeastern North America. Diatom Res. 7:25–36. Ettl, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer eds. ———, Poulin, M., Prévost, C., Angell, M., And Vol. 2 Teil 3. Centrales, Fragilariales, Eunotiaceae. Edlund, S.A. 1994. Americanarum Diatomarum Exs- Fischer, Stuttgart. iccata: Fascicle II (CANA), voucher slides represent- ———, and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1991b. Bacillario- ing 34 lakes, ponds and streams from Ellesmere phyceae. In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, H. Island, Canadian High Artic, North America. Diatom Ettl, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer eds. Res. 9:303–327. Vol. 2 Teil 4. Achnanthaceae. Fischer, Stuttgart. Hartley, B. 1986. A check-list of the freshwater, brackish Lange-Bertalot, H. 1980. Zur taxonomischen revision and marine diatoms of the British Isles and adjoining einiger ökologisch wichtiger “Navicula lanceolatae” coastal waters. J. mar. biol Ass. U.K. 66:531–610. Cleve. Die Formenkreise um Navicula lancoelata, N. Haworth, E. 1990. Diatom name validation. Diatom Res. viridula, N cari. Cryptogamie:Algologique 1:29–50. 5:195–196. ———. 1993. 85 Neue Taxa. Bibliotheca Diatomologica Hohn, M.H. 1961. The relationship between species 27. Cramer, Berlin. diversity and population density in diatom popula- ———. 1996. Iconographia Diatomologica, Vol. 4. tions from Silver Springs, Florida. Trans. Am. Koeltz, Konigstein. Microsc. Soc. 80:140–165. ———, and Krammer, K. 1987. Bacillariaceae, Hustedt, F. 1930. Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae). in A. Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Bibliotheca Diatomo- Pascher Süsswasserflora Mitteleuropas, Heft 10, 466 logica 15. Cramer, Berlin. pp., Fischer, Jena. ———, and Krammer, K. 1989. Achnanthes. Bibliotheca ———. 1950. Die Diatomeenflora norddeutscher Seen Diatomologica 18. Cramer, Berlin. mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des holsteinischer ———, and Metzeltin, D. 1996. Indicators of Oligotro- Seengebietes. v–vii. Seen in Mecklenburg, Lauenburg phy. In Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 2. H. und Norddeutschland. Arch. f. Hydrobiol. 43: Lange-Bertalot ed. Koeltz, Konigstein. 329–458. ———, and Simonsen, R. 1978. A taxonomic revision of ———. 1953. Diatomeen aus dem Naturschutzpark the Nitzschiae lanceolatae Grunow 2. European and Seeon. Arch. Hydrobiol. 47:625–635. related extra-European freshwater and brackish water ———. 1959. Die Diatomeenflora der Unterwesser von taxa. Bacillaria 1:11–111. der Lesummündung bis Bremerhaven mit Berücksich- Mann, D.G. 1989. The diatom genus Sellaphora: separa- tigung des Unterlaufs der Hunte and Geeste. Veröff. tion from Navicula. Br. phycool. J. 24:1–20. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerhaven 6:13–176. Patrick, R.M., and Reimer, C.W. 1966. The Diatoms of Johansen, J.R., and Rushforth, S.R. 1985. A contribution the United States. Academy of Natural Sciences of to the taxonomy of Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmer- Philadelphia. Monograph 13, Vol. 1. mann (Bacillariophyceae) and related taxa. Phycolo- ———, and Reimer, C.W. 1975. The Diatoms of the gia 24:437–447. United States. Academy of Natural Sciences of Kociolek, J.P., and Stoermer, E.F. 1987. Ultrastructure Philadelphia. Monograph 13, Vol. 2, Part 1. of Cymbella sinuata and its allies (Bacillariophyceae), Poulin, M., Hamilton, P.B., and Proulx, M. 1995. Cata- and their transfer to Reimeria, gen. nov. Syst. Bot. logue des algues d’eau du Québec, Canada. Canadian 12:451–459. Field-Naturalist 109:27–110. Krammer, K. 1981. Morphological investigations of the Reichart. E., and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1991. Taxonomis- valve and girdle of the diatom genus Cymbella che Revision des Artenkomplexes um Gomphonema Agardh. Bacillaria 4:125–146. angustatum—G. dichotomum—G. intricatum—G. vib- ———. 1992. Pinnularia eine Monographie der rio und ahnliche Taxa (Bacillariophyceae). Nova Hed- Europäischen Taxa. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 26. J. wigia 53:519–544. Cramer, Berlin. Ross, R. 1947. 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Round, F.E. 1982. Cyclostephanos—a new genus within ———. 1995. Studies on the genera Gyrosigma and the Skeletonemaceae. Arch. Protistenk. 125:323–329. Pleurosigma (Bacillariophyceae): Gyrosigma acumi- ———, and Bukhtiyarova, L. 1996. Four new genera natum (Kützing) Rabenhorst, G. spenceri (Quekett) based on Achnanthes (Achnanthidium) together with a Griffith, and G. rautenbachiae Cholnoky. Proc. Acad. re-definition of Achnanthidium. Diatom Res. Nat. Sci. Phila. 146:467–480. 11:345–361. Stoermer, E.F., and Yang, J.J. 1971. Contribution to ———, and Mann, D.G. 1981. The diatom genus the diatom flora of the Laurentian Great Lakes. I. Brachysira. I. Typification and separation from New and little known species of Amphora (Bacillario- Anomoeoneis. Arch. Protistendk. 124:221–231. phyta, Pennatibacillariophyceae). Phycologia ———, Crawford, R.M., and Mann, D.G. 1990. The 10:379–409. Diatoms. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. VanLandingham, S.L. 1975. Catalogue of the Fossil and Schmid, A.-M. 1977. Morphologische und physiologis- Recent Genera and Species of Diatoms and their Syn- che untersuchungen an Diatomeen des Neusiedler onyms. Part 5. Navicula. pp. 2386–2936. Cramer, Sees: II Licht- und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Vaduz. Schalenanlyse der umweltabhängigen Zyklomorphose ———. 1978. Catalogue of the Fossil and Recent Gen- von Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Kg.) Pfitzer. Nova era and Species of Diatoms and their Synonyms. Part Hedwigia 28:309–352. 6. Neidium thorugh Rhoicosigma. pp. 2964–3605. Simonsen, R. 1979. The Diatom System: Ideas on phy- Cramer, Vaduz. logeny. Bacillaria 2:9–71. Williams, D.M., and Round, F.E. 1986. Revision of the ———. 1987. Atlas and Catalog of the Diatom Types of genus Synedra Ehrenb. Diatom Res. 1:313–339. Friedrich Hustedt. 3 Vols. Cramer, Berlin. ———, and Round, F.E. 1987. Revision of the genus Sterrenburg, F.A.S. 1994. Studies on the genera Fragilaria. Diatom Res. 2:267–288. Gyrosigma and Pleurosigma (Bacillariophyceae): The ———, and Round, F.E. 1988. Fragilariaforma, species of Sullivant & Wormley 1859, synonymy and nom. nov., a new generic name for Neofragi- differentiation from other Gyrosigma taxa. Proc. laria D.M.Williams and Round. Diatom Res. 3: Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 145:217–236. 265–267.