The Grand Portage Guide Grand Portage: Once a Good Site, Always a Good Site Superintendent Tim Cochrane
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The Grand Portage Guide Grand Portage: Once a Good Site, Always a Good Site Superintendent Tim Cochrane The popular real estate adage: “Location, There are many other examples of the location, location,” certainly applies to Grand importance of location here at Grand Portage, Portage National Monument. Further, the adage some “grand” and others perhaps less well applies through time, from antiquity to today. known. The current “picnic area” east of the The Grand Portage route – used in prehistory historic depot area, on the other side of Grand and history – is but one example of the Portage Creek, is a great example of how a “good importance of location. The Grand Portage is site” was re-occupied and re-used through time. aptly located to marry continental travel and There are layers of history in this “picnic trade networks by water routes and more ground,” including an ancient camp site. immediately to avoid a nasty series of falls and Ancestors of Ojibwe and other tribes camped rapids on the lower Pigeon River. If you were here and used stone tools. Much later, the hauling heavy packs over the Portage, you might NorthWest Company’s men camped here, also appreciate its physical layout which carrying their large canoes up on shore and minimizes the toil of extraneous climbs and when upside down, these canoes provided descents while making steady progress towards temporary shelter. On this location, the U.S. the other end. Indian Department built a school; later its successor the Bureau of Indian Affairs built a warehouse and store. One Grand Portage Table of Contents headman, Charley Muckazo, lived below the crest of the small knoll there. Master Ojibwe Grand Portage National Monument artisans, the sisters, Mrs. Spruce and Mrs. Welcome and Map of Site ........................................ 2 Tamarack resided just below the stone bridge. Daily Activity Guide ................................................... 3 They could make just about anything using Self-Guided Activities ................................................ 4 materials gathered nearby, including canoes, Books Worth Browsing ............................................. 4 decorative woven cedar mats, dolls, birch bark Special Events ............................................................. 5 containers, and moccasins. Friends of Grand Portage ......................................... 5 One mostly forgotten enterprise that was Past Meets Present in the Kitchen ........................... 6 perched atop the knoll in the picnic area was the Where in Time is the North West Company?........8 American Fur Company’s fish station, operating Through an Artist’s Eye: A Glimpse of Fort Charlotte.10 from roughly 1836-1841. When profits from furs Area Information ..................................................... 14 began to diminish, the American Fur Company Kid’s Page .................................................................. 15 Tips and Reminders ................................. Back Cover (Continued on page 13)) Bonjour A GUIDE TO HELP Welcome YOU FIND YOUR WAY AT GRAND PORTAGE NATIONAL Welcome to Grand Portage. We are MONUMENT pleased you are here and exploring “Portage” with us. There is much to see More than 200 years ago, the North West Company concentrated its business activities and do. Please join our interpreters and in and around the stockade. Four of the most participate in the past. Please ask us important structures have been reconstructed about the fur trade and its ingenious on their original foundations: The Great Hall, technology, or its novel customs. Or kitchen, warehouse, and gatehouse. National come and learn about the intrinsic links Park Service employees staff these buildings. between the fur traders and the nearby You will find rangers wearing dress appropri- ate to the period, or in the NPS uniform. The residents, the Grand Portage Ojibwe. stockade and most of the buildings are open The Staff of Grand Portage National Monument daily from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. 2 ACTIVITIES & RANGER-CONDUCTED PROGRAMS LIVING HISTORY DEMONSTRATIONS Come to the Voyageur Encampment and Ojibwe Village, where you will see demonstrations of Ojibwe and voyageur life in the late 1700s. While there, see our American Indian Three Sisters garden, and witness the firing of a North West Company trade gun. Visit the Great Hall, historically furnished circa 1790s. Also in the Great Hall, there is a Try- It-On historic clothing exhibit where you can fit into history! Follow your nose to the kitchen, where you can see period cooking and baking demonstra- tions from mid-June through early September. Don’t miss our historic heirloom garden and outdoor bake oven located just behind the kitchen. RANGER-CONDUCTED INTERPRETIVE PROGRAMS History comes alive when you take part in an interpretive program here at Grand Portage. Park rang- ers will transport you back in time, where you can become part of the story that unfolds before you! These programs range in length from 20 minutes to 60 minutes. Be sure and check the “Program” sign next to the main gate for program topics, locations, and starting times. Please note: Our program schedule is subject to change without notice due to staffing or weather conditions. VIDEO PRESENTATIONS We offer video programs, on request, inside the Great Hall. A staff member there will be happy to start a program for you. There are several to choose from: • The Northwest Passage – Running time is 10 minutes • On the Road With Charles Kuralt – Running time is 5 minutes. • The Voyageur – Running time is 20 minutes. • The Birch Bark Canoe Builder – Running time is 30 minutes. 3 SELF-GUIDED ACTIVITIES BOOKS WORTH BROWSING HIKING TRAILS To help alleviate the isolation of winter posts, the North West Company provided reading The Grand Portage: The 8½-mile Grand Port- materials. Daniel Harmon, a North West Com- age is open for hiking. Two campsites are avail- pany clerk wrote, able for primitive camping at Fort Charlotte. A free permit is required, and can be obtained at “Most of our leisure the ranger station or at one of three registration moments (and which boxes located along the Grand Portage. is nearly nine tenths of our time) will be Mt. Rose Trail: The Mt. Rose trail, located spent reading, and across from the parking lot entrance, is a paved conversing on what ½-mile-long nature trail which climbs 300 feet we have read.” for a spectacular vista of the depot and Lake Su- perior. Approximate hiking time is 1 hour. A self -guiding trail brochure is available at the trail head. The following titles may be found in your local library: BROCHURES AVAILABLE “Keeping Promises: What is Sovereignty and Other Questions About Indian Country” by Betty Reid We offer several brochures for your use and and Ben Winton, 2004. Western National Parks enjoyment: Association, Tucson, AZ . 39 pg. • NPS Grand Portage Map and Guide “The Yellowknife Journal” by Jean Steinbruck & • Ojibwe Lifeways Harry Duckworth, 1999. Signature Editions, 72 • Historic Garden pg. • Bird Checklist “Early Fur Trade on the Northern Plains: Canadian Traders Among Mandan & Hidatsa Indians, • Mt. Rose Trail 1738-1818” by W. Raymond Wood & Thomas D. Thiessen, 1985. University of Oklahoma Press, JUNIOR RANGER PROGRAM Norman, OK. 353 pg. “Crucible of War: The Seven Year’s War and Fate of Empire in British North America” by Fred Become a Grand Portage Junior Ranger! This Anderson, 2001. Vintage Press, 912 pg. program, for kids ages 7 to 13, is free. Activity guides can be picked up at the Great Hall. You “North of Athabaska: Slave Lake and Mackenzie River Documents of the North West Company, should allow at least 1½ hours to complete this 1800-1821” by Lloyd Keith (editor), 2001. McGill- activity. When finished, kids are awarded a Queen’s University Press, Montreal & Kingston, Junior Ranger badge and a Voyageur’s contract. Canada. 504 pg. This is a family activity and we encourage par- ents to get involved and enjoy the program with “The Open-Hearth Cookbook” by Suzanne Gold- their kids! Children under the age of 7, or those enson, 2006. Alan C. Hood & Company, Inc., with special needs, will require the assistance of Chambersburg, PA. 164 pg. an adult. These books are also available at the Eastern National bookstore in the Grand Portage Na- tional Monument’s Great Hall. 4 The Grand Rendezvous Ranger Karl Koster The hustle and bustle of summer activity peaked Lake Superior Chippewa. The annual gathering is with the North West Company Rendezvous held our biggest and grandest celebration of the year, a here at Grand Portage. This was the time when furs time when Grand Portage comes alive and reflects from wintering posts, which reached into Canada, on its rich heritage. Re-enactors from across the were delivered down the historic Grand Portage. country and Canada gather to camp and challenge The annual Rendezvous is still celebrated here dur- each other. This is one event you do not want to ing the second full weekend of August. The event is miss. Music, dancing, craft demonstrations, and held in conjunction with the Rendezvous Days and hands-on workshops ensure an exciting weekend at Pow Wow, sponsored by the Grand Portage Band of the National Monument. FRIENDS OF GRAND PORTAGE s a member of our non-profit association, you can support the National A Monument. We invite you to join us for the opportunity to be personally in- volved in Grand Portage’s vibrant historic & contemporary communities. Name _______________________________________________________________________ Address _____________________________________________________________________