Creating a Project Comparing the Editors

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This guide provides an overview of the CRYENGINE V interface from the standpoint of a Unity user. It covers the basic differences between Unity and CRYENGINE V and discusses how to port existing Creating a Project assets to CRYENGINE V from Unity. Comparing the Editors Editors Side by Side Focus is made on using CRYENGINE V's C# support as this will be most similar and appropriate for Glossary Unity users, however much of the content in this guide also applies to C++ projects as well. Project Structure Importing your Meshes Converting Textures and Materials Substance Painter Exports Creating Materials Importing an Animated Character Importing into CRYENGINE V Importing the Animations Setting up Blendspaces Translating a Unity Blend Tree From Mecanim to Mannequin Developing User Interfaces Localization Porting C# Scripted Components From GameObjects to Entities In Unity, the Inspector Tab is used to edit selected assets in your project. In CRYENGINE V, Porting Unity's FixedUpdate the Properties Panel exposes properties of selected objects, while larger editing tasks are undertaken in Adding a Component the Perspective Window. Creating and Destroying Entities Destroying Entities Creating a Project Physics (Rigidbody to PhysicsEntity) CRYENGINE and Unity have similar concepts when considering a project. However, there are some Raytracing/Raycast subtle differences that you need to be aware of. From Prefabs to Schematyc Creating a Project In Unity you can run the game inside the Editor and then produce a build when you want to run the game Comparing the Editors standalone. In CRYENGINE the Editor (called the Sandbox Editor) is more of a lightweight wrapper Editors Side by Side around your game - this means that you can run your game in standalone mode during development. Glossary Project Structure Importing your Meshes Converting Textures and Materials Substance Painter Exports Creating Materials Importing an Animated Character Importing into CRYENGINE V Importing the Animations Setting up Blendspaces Translating a Unity Blend Tree From Mecanim to Mannequin Developing User Interfaces Localization Comparing the Editors Porting C# Scripted Components In CRYENGINE the Sandbox Editor (the equivalent to Unity’s editor) is already running a version of your From GameObjects to Entities game - this is started as soon as you load your level in CRYENGINE. However, it’s quite easy to use this Porting Unity's FixedUpdate in a similar way to the Scene/Game views in Unity. Using the Switch to Game-button (highlighted in Adding a Component orange below), CRYENGINE sends callbacks to your code to start/stop gameplay. This disables the Creating and Destroying additional widgets and free-roam camera that are enforced in the editing mode. CRYENGINE also has Entities the additional feature of being able to preview/debug physics simulation (without starting the game logic) Destroying Entities by using the buttons highlighted in purple below. Physics (Rigidbody to PhysicsEntity) Raytracing/Raycast From Prefabs to Schematyc

Editors Side by Side

Below are images of the Unity Editor (left-hand image) and the CRYENGINE Sandbox Editor (right-hand image). Each is color-coded to show what each section is used for. As in Unity, the Sandbox Editor is fully customizable by dragging and dropping tabs into different parts of the Sandbox Editor window.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 39 In Unity, game objects can have multiple Components that are displayed in the Inspector (right-hand panel of the Unity Editor). Similarly, CRYENGINE has the Properties Panel that provides the same functionality of being able to add and remove Components from entities, as well as being able to modify their properties.

Glossary

Unity CRYENGINE V

Editor Sandbox Editor

Component Component

GameObject Entity

Prefab Schematyc Entity

Hierarchy Panel Level Explorer

Inspector Properties Panel

Project Browser Asset Browser

Scene Level

Scene View Perspective

Static Mesh Brush

Skinned Mesh Character

Material Material

Particle Effect Particle Effect

UI Scaleform

Mecanim Mannequin

Blend Tree Blendspace

Rigidbody/Character Controller Entity Physics

Project Structure

As with Unity projects, CRYENGINE projects exist in their own directory. Additionally, CRYENGINE projects have a project file that defines certain properties of the project. You can double click on this file to load the Sandbox Editor, or right click it for additional options. CRYENGINE is very liberal about how you structure your project, however there are general conventions that are commonly followed as illustrated in the image below.

By default the C# code for the templates is located in the Code folder. A solution for this code can be generated by right-clicking on the Game.cryproject file and selecting Generate Solution. The solution file will be in the Code folder and can be opened with Visual Studio 2017 providing the CRYENGINE extension is installed.

It's also possible to have C# scripts in the Assets folder. These will show up in the Asset Browser of the Sandbox Editor and can be opened from there.

CRYENGINE uses its own file format, Crytek Geometry Format (CGF) for reading meshes. There are two main methods used to convert your meshes into this format:

1. The FBX importer can be used to drag and drop your FBX files directly from Unity into your CRYENGINE project. 2. If you are a 3DS Max user, the provided plugin can be used to export a CGF directly from 3DS Max.

Option 1: Using the FBX Importer

The FBX Importer allows FBX, DXF, DAE, OBJ and 3DS Max files to be dropped directly into your project’ s Asset folder and produces a usable CGF file. For more information about this system see here.

Option 2: Using the 3DS Max Plugin

Once you have a mesh that is ready to export from 3DS Max, then create a ‘dummy’ from the panel on the right hand side of 3DS Max (as shown below). Place it where you would like the pivot point of your mesh to be and name the dummy what you would like your mesh to be exported as.

Quick Tip: If you already have your pivot point set on your mesh press Shift+A, then click your mesh to quickly align the dummy object.

Next open the Schematyc View from the icon shown below and link the mesh to the dummy using the link tool - this will make the mesh a child of the dummy node.

As for physics in CRYENGINE, then you can create a proxy mesh for collisions. This is defined by the shape and the material that is applied to the proxy that you create. For more information about this system see here.

In the example used here a simple proxy has been created - it has been made a child of the mesh (not a dummy), assigned the correct material ID and checked the links in schematyc view.

Below is the final setup (the red box being the Proxy Mesh for collisions).

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 39 Now that we have everything setup, we can use the CRYENGINE Exporter to export the geometry. In the Exporter tick “Export File Per Node” to create a different CGF file for each file in the export list. If you have changed the normal of the mesh, then also tick “Custom Normals” and if you aren’t using them re member to untick “Vertex Colours”.

Finally, after exporting navigate to where your 3DS Max file is on the file system and you will find that the CGF file has been created.

Converting Textures and Materials

CRYENGINE comes with a Resource Compiler (RC) tool that is used to appropriately compress textures for their given use. One common use of this compiler is through a tool integrated into Photoshop that simply gets your textures CRYENGINE ready.

Note: CRYENGINE uses a Spec/Gloss workflow. If you are using a Metal/Spec workflow then you will need to convert or re-create your metalness map. A good resource in regard to best practices for doing this can be found here.

For each map then CRYENGINE looks for different file name endings to determine the type of map it is.

File Name File Ending Map Type

YourTextureName_diff _diff Diffuse

YourTextureName_ddna _ddna Normal map, Gloss in Alpha

YourTextureName_spec _spec Specular

YourTextureName_displ _displ Displacement

When saving textures out of Photoshop as a CryTif with the correct file extension, then the RC should bring up the correct settings as seen below. On this screen you have the option for setting the resolution and how things are compressed. If you don’t see your preset, then press the "list all presets" button to make them appear in the list.

Substance Painter provides you with the ability to combine textures before the export - so it’s easier to run through the RC. Saving out as a PSD file type gives you the ability to load up the PSD and Save out CryTifs efficiently.

Creating Materials

You can create materials in 3DS Max or directly in CRYENGINE. A quick way to make materials is to just duplicate an existing material in Windows Explorer.

Materials work just like Multi-Materials in 3DS Max. For each different Material ID you need a corresponding material. After you have taken your textures from Unity (and ran them through the RC in Photoshop to create your CryTifs), you can combine them to create your materials.

Importing an Animated Character

Exporting from Maya

Before you start - your skinned mesh must be skinned with Dual Quaternions (DQ's) and not Classic Linear. CRYENGINE works with DQ's, so even if you skin in classic linear, CRYENGINE will treat it as a DQ when it's imported (your skin won’t deform the way you see it in Maya).

Other points to note.

When binding also make sure to set the Max Influence Limit to 4 The root joint should be oriented so that Y is forward of the Character and Z is up Your root joint should be oriented (90,0,180) - you can achieve this in Maya using the Joint Orient setting in the Attribute Editor

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 5 of 39 Start with the rig, making sure it has a skinned mesh and a skeleton, and be sure that all the materials are assigned to the correct meshes. After this you can create material groups in the Material Editor in the CryExporter. Select whichever objects/specific materials will share the same material group and click "Cr eate Group From Selection". In this example we use three different material groups, but you can put them all in one if you prefer.

Create a Polyplane

Once this is done create a polyplane and hide it inside your Character. Then delete the history, freeze transforms and skin to the pelvis joint. Finally, assign a lambert to it in it’s own material group.

In this example we created a lambert called human_proxyplane and assigned it to the material group M_Human_Rig. We create this polyplane and bind it to the skeleton to transfer information about the skeleton hierarchy in/to CRYENGINE.

Next, open CryTools in Maya, select "proxy plane" and create CryExportNode. Select chr, name it as you like/or whatever the Character is called and then hit create.

Skin Attachment

We now need to do the same for the skin. For each skin attachment, select it and press "Create CryExportNode". Change the file type to skin and press "create". Note: All these things will be taken out of any hierarchy that you have them in (this is fine). Once in CRYENGINE we will attach skin files to the chr file and effectively ‘dress’ our Character.

Once all the CryExportNodes are created for the rig and every skin attachment, select the proxyplane material made earlier. In the Attribute Editor go down to “Extra Attributes” and set the Physicalise attribute to ProxyNoDraw. If this attribute isn’t there, open the Cry Exporter and hit the "Add Attributes" button (it's near the top).

Create a SceneRoot (Front View: model’s front). This will create a scene root node (and you’ll want to delete everything underneath it). This is an empty ‘group’ node in Maya that is oriented correctly and which is used to let CRYENGINE know which way is forward and up - why? CRYENGINE and Maya use different orientations for world space.

Physics Mesh

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 6 of 39 The next thing we’ll be making is a Physics Mesh for collisions. Create a polyCube, parent it to the joint it will be following and zero out the translate and rotate values - doing this will make it snap into place. Then in Component mode, tweak the cube into a shape that fits the general area it’s meant to be covering, you can add edge loops and extrude to get what you’re looking for. Note: You want to try and keep it as low a poly as is possible.

Name it whatever the joint it’s following is named, but append a ‘_Phys’ to the end of it. So for example a cube that’s following the ‘Bip01__Pelvis’ would be called ‘Bip01__Pelvis_Phys’. Assign it a new lambert and add it to the proxy plane’s material group that you created earlier. To do this select the lambert, open the Material Editor, select the material group you want to add it to and click "Add Selected Shaders".

Duplicate all the proxy meshes and change the ‘_Phys’ to ‘_PhysParentFrame’. Each of these will need to be parented to the joint above the one they’re meant to be following. So look at the joint it’s following and then find the next joint above it that also has a proxy mesh. Parent it to that joint. So for example, the head parent frame mesh wouldn’t be parented to the neck joint.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 7 of 39 Open the CryExporter, set the export path to where you want to save the Character in your project’s asset folder. Select the chr cryExportNode in the Outliner, then in the geometry export section (in Crytek Export) set the custom export path at the bottom of the CryExporter - this will likely be the same destination as the export path you have just set. Note: While you are doing that, double check and make sure it’s set to chr.

Undertake the same process for each skin cryExportNode, selecting both, setting the custom export path and then checking to make sure they are set to skin files.

Export the chr and skin files by selecting them all in the Outliner and in the Exporter and hitting "Export Selected". If it complains, try exporting to a different folder by setting both the export path and the custom export paths of each node to something else. You might also need to check that you have run the Settings Manager in the cry tools folder. If you needed to export it to somewhere else, just copy and paste the files back into the original place where you were trying to put them.

Importing into CRYENGINE V

Now that we have finished exporting everything we are ready to move on and import into CRYENGINE.

Head into the Character Tool Tools -> Animation -> Character tool. Then go to File -> New Character and create a new Character in the folder, this will make a Character Definition File (CDF).

In the cdf that has just been made, attach the chr to the ‘skeleton’ field. You’ll find all this in the Properties Panel on the right-hand side. The joints will be pulled into the scene. Put on the proxy material that you made in the skeleton material section. If you can’t find where you put it, you may have to do it directly in the XML and then reload CRYENGINE.

In the Attachments section (and one by one) add each skin attachment. Set the type to skin attachment, set the geometry to the skin file and the material to the MTL file that applies to that attachment. You can change the name of that attachment if you want to, but CRYENGINE will set one by default for you.

When you have finished adding everything you may find that your Character is blurry, just load up a level and come back to the Character Tool and you’ll see your textures properly.

In the Assets Outliner in CRYENGINE, expand the Compression (Animations/) section and open the Skeleton List by double clicking. Your skeleton is required to be in this list for any animation to work on your new skeleton.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 8 of 39 Add a new Alias and on the right add in your chr. The left-hand side should automatically fill-in with CRYENGINE's default name - feel free to change it. Save the Skeleton List. When you do this CRYENGINE will generate a chrparams file for you.

In the Outliner, under Skeletons, find the chrparams file and double click to open it. However, and before you continue, make sure that you have created a folder under Animations where you will be storing your Character’s animations. You can just look at the whole of the Animations folder, but it’s much better for CRYENGINE to look in a specific folder and not in any of the other Character(s) or weapon animations. Set the chrparams to look at this folder and click the "create new anim events" button and name it.

The chrparams file will also contain things such as; AimIK definitions, ground alignment definitions, LOD information and so on. NOTE: To make changes to the chrparams file then you will need to use a Text Editor of your choice.

Importing the Animations

Now that we have the Character loaded into CRYENGINE we are ready to begin importing our animations.

Open the CryExporter in Maya and open the Anim Manager. Press New, enter the name for the animation and use the time slider to select the start and end frames.

In Maya's Outliner select the root for the animation - this will usually be the root joint of your hierarchy. However, sometimes you may want to only export from a joint in the middle of the hierarchy, say for example to just export the upper body. Well in that case you would export from the chest joint and hence this would not export any animation from the hips and below (depending of course on how your hierarchy is setup).

Set the folder where your animations will be stored and hit OK.

Note: In the Anim Manager you cannot list multiple animations that share the same root joint and the same time range - if you do this, then an error will be displayed telling you there’s a duplicate. So you may need to export this animation then come back to the Anim Manager and export out another. Select the animations that you want to export, or if you are exporting every animation listed then you don’t need to select anything - just hit export selected animations. Finally, close the Anim Manager.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 9 of 39 Once your animations have been exported you will need to go back into the Character Tool in CRYENGINE. Double click on your Character (on the left) and your animations will now be listed under the Animations section in the CRYENGINE Outliner. The little icons beside each animation will have a little man with a hollow head. The hollow head means that the animation hasn’t yet been imported fully. So under Properties, click on the animation and hit import. Once the import is complete the little man's head will be filled in.

CRYENGINE will automatically figure out which rig the animation is attached to. If it does not, then simply change the Skeleton Alias section to the appropriate rig i.e. the one you made in the skeleton list a few steps previously.

Setting up Blendspaces

For more information regarding Blendspaces see here.

Make a .bspace file in the Animations folder with following contents:

Open the Sandbox Editor and open your new Blendspace from the Outliner in the Character Tool. Then go to View -> Blendspace Preview. First add a dimension, this will be for a variable that will cause the animation to change, such as MoveSpeed or TravelAngle. Think of these as an axes on a graph. Set a minimum and maximum value for the dimension and set the cell count. The cell count will describe the density of the Blendspace grid, and so the density of the virtual examples. Virtual examples are important for providing points where the blendweights are pre-calculated, and so save some calculations at runtime. Note: The grid won’t appear until you start placing animations in it.

You then need to start bringing the animations into the Blendspace. Head over to Examples in the Properties Tab, add an example, hit the little folder icon and find the animation you want to add. Below each animation that you add, you’ll find the variable(s) you are working with and their playback speed. You may need to change the playback speed occasionally, either to fix an animation or if you need to add pseudo examples. An example of when pseudo examples need to be used are when the player is running faster than anticipated - you add the pseudo example to account for this. Note: You can add the same animation to the Blendspace as many times as you like and then change the playback speed.

Occasionally you may need to change the variables of each animation. Note: CRYENGINE tries to extrapolate these variables from your animation. So in the case of a rearwards travel angle, then you may need to change the values CRYENGINE gives you. This is because with rearwards movement CRYENGINE reads the angle in radians. Hence:

Moving forwards is 0, moving backwards is Heading left, the travel angle is somewhere between 0 and Heading right, the travel angle is somewhere between 0 and -

So, in order to create nice blends, you need to import the rearwards animation twice, and to set one with a travel angle of and the other with a travel angle of -.

There is also another type of pseudo example where you combine pre-existing animations to make one new one. You can do this in the pseudo example section under the Properties Panel. However, and depending on the type of Blendspace that you require (1D, 2D or 3D) then the number of animations to be combined will be different. Note: Regardless of the Blendspace type you will need to set weights for blending - this will be based on how much of each animation you want blended with the other(s).

So you have just put the animations into the Blendspace, you now need to actually blend between them - these are called Annotations. Go to the Annotations section under the Properties Panel and add one animation. Note: At this point you need to decide on how many animations you are blending between. So:

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 10 of 39 If it’s a 1D Blendspace, then you will just be blending between two animations, in which case the default annotation size is fine. You can now add the two animations you are blending between - it doesn’t matter in which order you add them.

If you require a 2D Blendspace, then it is likely that you will be making squares. In this case set the annotation size to 4 (since 4 animations are needed). Then (viewing the Blendspace from above) list each animation in an anti-clockwise direction. Note: It doesn’t matter which animation you start with as long as you list them in an anti-clockwise direction.

When using 3D Blendspaces then you can make one of three shapes with your blends; a triangle based pyramid, a square based pyramid or a triangular prism - these will require 4, 5 and 6 animations respectively.

If your shape is pointing up: Then (viewing the Blendspace from above) start with the base of the shape and list the animations in an anti-clockwise direction.

If your shape is pointing downwards: Then (viewing the Blendspace from below) start with the base of the shape and list the animations in an anti-clockwise direction.

If the animations have been entered in the correct order, then the blend you have created will be colored green. If they have been incorrectly ordered then it will be colored red. The yellow colored blend just means that this is the blend you are currently looking - it will also have a flashing red dot in it.

For reference, below is an example of a 1D Blendspace (TurnAngle) and a 3D Blendspace (MoveSpeed, TravelAngle, TurnSpeed).

How do you move from a 2D Blend Tree in Unity to a 2D Blendspace in CRYENGINE? In the example below we have created one that is functional for jogging backwards, forwards and for strafing left and right. Overall the same principles apply - in Unity we would create a 2D freeform Blend Tree using the parameters MovementAngle and Speed in your Character's Animator Controller.

Once created fill in the Motion fields with the appropriate animations, for example jog_fwd, jog_bwd and jog_fwd_L for a forward strafing direction. Now that you have all the necessary fields we can start to plot them on the 2D graph.

In the very centre (0.0 on Speed and 0.0 on TravelAngle) place your idle - this is the starting point for your Blend Tree. To do this ensure that PosX which is your MovementAngle and PosY which is your Speed are set to 0.0.

Now you can add jog_fwd, 0.0 on travel angle and 0.5 on PosY. Other examples could be, 0.5 on travel angle, this would be jog_strafe_r and sprint fwd 1 on PosY. Once you have placed a few you can easily understand where the other animations should lie and this enables you to create the locomotion system you need. Hence, it should look something like the example shown below.

So we will now create a 2D Blendspace in CRYENGINE using the same parameters as were used in the Unity example. However, first make a .bspace file in the Animations Folder with the following contents:

Open the Sandbox Editor, open your new Blendspace from the Outliner in the Character Tool and then go to View -> Blendspace Preview. This will open up a new window that allows you to clearly visualise the parameters and how they will affect your animation.

First off we want to add the two parameters we are working with i.e. ‘Speed’ and ‘MovementAngle’. In CRYENGINE MovementAngle is called Travel Angle, so select it from the parameter drop down. Under Parameters is another drop down menu, this allows you to change the cell count of your grid. Change the cell count to 10 for Speed and 20 for Angle.

Next we will set our Travel Speed and Travel Angle min and max values. These are 0 and +25 and -3.14 and +3.14 respectively. The speeds selected here suit the particular type of animation we are using in the example, note that in the case of a sprint then they should be increased and in the case of a crawl they should be reduced.

Note: We have selected -3.14 and +3.14 for the Travel Angle, why is that? We have done this because 'Moving forward' always has a value of 0.0. Note that values between 0.0 and -3.14 are movements to the right and values between 0.0 and +3.14 are movements to the left. Also note, that the values of +3.14 and -3.14 both represent a perfect rearwards motion and of course to cover a full 360 degrees we need a Blendspace that ranges from -3.14 to +3.14.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 12 of 39 Now let's add animation clips to our Blendspace. Unity calls them Motion Fields, while CRYENGINE calls them Example Fields. Add your animations to the example boxes under the parameters.

Whereas Unity would require you to add a PosX and PosY value (so that the engine understands the motion of the animation clip) CRYENGINE automatically reads the root motion from the animation clip and plots it on your Blendspace Preview. To access this go to Edit -> Blend Space Preview.

Note: If your animation is too slow or too fast, then you can adjust the Playback Scale in the drop down. If you didn’t include root motion and instead want to move the Character in code, then you can simply add a value in the Travel Speed or Travel Angle by ticking the check box and entering a value. Unticking the check box reverts it back to reading root motion.

Note: CRYENGINE does not want the Idle in this Blendspace (as it would interfere with the smooth blending between directions) so the idle is in another fragment and changed by code.

Below is an example of what you should see on your Blendspace Preview. Notice at the top you have display controls - here you can show or hide the grid (should it get confusing). Also, the slider at the top right can be used to increase or decrease the size of your Character.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 13 of 39 Now that we have all of our examples in the Blendspace, let’s make it blend. To do this we need to create blend annotations. This can be done using either XML or through the UI interface. For each animation clip you have entered, an example number will appear next to it - this is the animation's ID for this Blendspace.

As this is a 2D Blendspace we will be creating square annotations. From a top down view, you want to add the examples in an anti-clockwise direction. If you have entered it correctly then a green square will appear, if it's in the wrong direction then a red square will appear. An orange square will appear if that is the blend you are currently previewing.

An example of the blend annotations in XML could be:

Continue to fill in the blends until you have something in the Blendpsace Preview that looks like the one shown below.

You can now preview your new Blendspace by adjusting the Blendspace parameters (in the Scene Parameters) through the small drop down menu found below the Animations Layers in the Character Tool.

From Mecanim to Mannequin

Mannequin is a set of high level tools to help manage the complexities of interactive animation.

Mannequin is a much more powerful system than Mecanim and changes the way Programmers and Animators work together. Mannequin gives Animators much more autonomy to develop & test animations, blends, transitions and even complex mixtures of both. Also, Mannequin does not have a similar type/sort of state machine built-in, i.e. where a Programmer handles the state and communicates it to Mecanim through 'tags' and 'fragmentIds'.

The power that Mannequin offers results in it being one of largest systems, perhaps the largest individual system to learn in CRYENGINE. However in using Mannequin, Animators can test much more of their own animation inside of the Sandbox Editor and without the need to run the game at all. They can make many types of additions or improvements to animations and without the need for programming support, this is even true for very complex games. It does however require good up-front communication between the Animator(s) and Programmer(s) so that the game’s tags and fragements are defined appropriately.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 14 of 39 To get setup in Mannequin you first need to make a context for your Character in the Preview Editor and then setup tags and fragments to house your animations in. For example, if you have an Idle fragment then within it you might have different tags for different types of idle maybe because the Character is holding different weapons or the Character(s) have different moods.

You will need the following files in Assets/Animations/Mannequin/ADB.

thirdperson.adb - the animation database thirdpersoncontrollerdefinition.xml file - this will define which tags, fragments and scope will belong to the Character playertags.xml - this will be edited by CRYENGINE whenever you add a tag playerfragmentids.xml - this will be edited by CRYENGINE whenever you add a fragment id

In Assets/Animations/Mannequin/Preview you’ll need.

player.xml - this will tell CRYENGINE what models/scopes and such to use when you are working with the player Character in the Mannequin Editor.

Once you have created fragments for your animations, then it is easy to right click the scope, add an animation layer(s) and then add your animation. You can add many layers if you choose - this allows you to utilize additive animation techniques. You can set an animation as ‘additive’ by opening the animation in the Character Tool and checking the "additive" box in the Properties Panel. You can also change the blending of the animation when coming into and out of the fragment and also do other things such as attaching props or inserting aim poses (or other kinds of features programmed by Developers) via proced ural layers.

Developing User Interfaces

It is possible to create a basic User Interface (UI) through C# using C# UI. However, we recommend that you use the Scaleform UI implementation that ships with CRYENGINE to develop your games UI. For more information about creating a UI see here.

Another good use for the Timeline is Button states. You can have each of your states on a different frame and switch between them in code.

Localization

CRYENGINE can localize text and sound for different languages. For more information about localiaztion see here.

Porting C# Scripted Components

To use the generated C# solution from CRYENGINE you need to use Visual Studio 2017 with the CRYENGINE Extension.

Firstly, create a new project based on the Third Person Shooter C# template - this can be done from the CRYENGINE Launcher. Then with the created template files, right click the Game.cryproject file and select Generate Solution. The generated solution can be found in the Code folder of your project.

Alternatively, the C# files can be added to the assets. This will make them appear in the Asset Browser of the SandboxEditor from where they can be opened in their solution.

From GameObjects to Entities

In Unity GameObjects can be placed in the world and functionality added to them through Components (which extend the class named MonoBehaviour). Similarly, in CRYENGINE Entities are placed in the world and EntityComponents are added to them.

Below are two examples of basic Components in Unity and CRYENGINE.

public class ExampleComponent : MonoBehaviour { public float myFloat = 5.0f;

// Use this for initialization void Start(){

}

// Update is called once per frame void Update(){

}

void OnDestroy(){

} }

CRYENGINE C# Example

public class ExampleComponent : EntityComponent { [EntityProperty] private float MyFloat{get; set;} = 5.0f;

protected override void OnInitialize() {

}

protected override void OnUpdate(float frameTime) {

}

protected override void OnRemove() {

} }

In Unity the Start, Update and OnDestroy functions in MonoBehaviour are; OnGameplayStart, OnUpdate and OnRemove in CRYENGINE. OnInitialize in the CRYENGINE is similar to Awake in Unity, but it is handled a bit differently in some cases. For example, it is called in the Sandbox Editor as soon as the Entity is added to the world, irrespective of whether the game is currently playing. The method OnEditorGameModeChange(bool) can be overriden to receive messages when the user enters GameMode or leaves it again.

To expose values to the editor in Unity you would create a field and make it public, or serializable to make it show up. In CRYENGINE you can only expose properties that have a getter and setter in the Sandbox Editor. To do this you add the EntityProperty attribute to the properties that you want to expose. At the moment you can only expose primitive types in the Sandbox Editor such as bool, int, float and string. You can however change the way strings are exposed by setting the Type property of the EntityProperty, for example by setting it to Texture so it will open an Asset Browser for textures in the Sandbox Editor.

These Components can be added to Entities in the Sandbox Editor, for Entities placed in the world or they can be added dynamically at runtime – this is similar to Unity.

Porting Unity's FixedUpdate

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 16 of 39 Unity offers a FixedUpdate function which is called at regular intervals (irrespective of any variations in framerate). However, there is no direct equivalent in CRYENGINE. Any code that interacts with physics can however be moved to the OnPrePhysicsUpdate(float frameTime) function as long as the frameTime is used to scale any movement that should be independent of frame rate.

In the example game in the next section, movement speed is multiplied by frameTime in the Player Component, this is to cancel out any variations in frame rate and ensure movement is smooth and consistent between machines. This is the same as multiplying values in Unity with Time.deltaTime.

Adding a Component

Adding a Component at runtime in Unity and CRYENGINE is very similar, as shown in the examples below.

Unity Example

ExampleComponent component = gameObject.AddComponent();

CRYENGINE Example

ExampleComponent component = Entity.AddComponent();

Creating and Destroying Entities

In Unity to create an empty GameObject at runtime you can use a function like this.

Unity Example

GameObject SpawnObject(string name, Vector3 spawnPosition, Quaternion spawnRotation) { GameObject gameObject = new GameObject(name); gameObject.transform.position = spawnPosition; gameObject.transform.rotation = spawnRotation; return gameObject; }

CRYENGINE Example

Entity SpawnEntity(string name, Vector3 position, Quaternion rotation) { return Entity.Spawn(name, position, rotation, Vector3.One); }

The last parameter in the Entity.Spawn function specifies the scale of the Entity.

In Unity GameObjects have a Transform Component, in CRYENGINE this is built into the Entity itself.

Destroying Entities

Destroying Entities in the CRYENGINE is very straightforward.

Unity Example

Destroy(gameObject);

Entity.Remove();

Physics (Rigidbody to PhysicsEntity)

In Unity Physics support is added to a GameObject using a Rigidbody Component. To add a Rigidbody Component and set its mass to 30 via C# we would simply do the following.

Unity Example

Rigidbody rb = gameObject.AddComponent(); rb.mass = 30;

CRYENGINE Example

var physicParams = new RigidPhysicalizeParams(); physicParams.Mass = 30; Entity.Physics.Physicalize(physicParams);

There is no need to add a Rigidbody Component, as Physics is a built-in system that can be accessed through the Physics field in the Component’s Entity. Calling the Physicalize method using this particular structure is what will cause the Entity to have a Rigidbody associated with it (i.e. an associated PhysicsEntity).

Another structure that can be passed, as shown in the next section’s example game is LivingPhysicalizeParams, which will make the Physics Entity behave like a more powerful version of Unity’s CharacterController Component.

Raytracing/Raycast

A simple raycast from the camera with a distance of 100 meters.

Unity Example

float distance = 100.0f; RaycastHit hit;

if (Physics.Raycast(Camera.main.transform.position, Camera.main.transform. forward, out hit, distance)) { return hit.collider.gameObject; }

CRYENGINE Example

float distance = 100.0f; RaycastHit hit;

if (Physics.Raycast(Camera.Position, Camera.ForwardDirection, distance, out hit)) { return hit.Entity; }

From Prefabs to Schematyc

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 18 of 39 In Unity we can easily turn a GameObject (that has been setup in a scene) into a Prefab - which is then stored in a file so that a similar object can be created any number of times. In CRYENGINE this functionality isn’t tied into the Sandbox (level) Editor. Instead there is a system called Schematyc which provides the functionality to setup an Entity prefab in a separate window and that also has a built-in visual scripting language. This way it enables Designers to add simple functionality without requiring the services of a Programmer.

The Schematyc Editor can be opened from the Tools menu in the Sandbox Editor. We will use it in the following shooter example to implement a simple prefab, you can read more about its additional features here.

What common file formats are supported?

Asset Type Supported Formats

3D .fbx, .obj

Texture .tif

How is my scene stored in CRYENGINE - how does it differ from Unity?

In CRYENGINE the concept of a Unity Scene is replaced with a 'level'. Levels are like Scenes and consist of a terrain setup and a hierarchy of objects. However, unlike in Scenes the hierarchy is split into layers, which are actually separate files on the system. This system of layers allows different layers to be worked on simultaneously and by different people through a version control system.

How do I create and use components?

In CRYENGINE you can add empty Entities to the level, and then add more Components to it through the Add Component button found in the Properties Panel. See the earlier section From GameObjects to Entities.

What about MonoBehaviours?

In Unity, script Components extend MonoBehaviour which provides methods to allow you to define what a Component does. In CRYENGINE you have two options; you can create Components in both C# and C++. In C# just extend the EntityComponent class in the CryEngine namespace. In C++ you can extend IEntityComponent and register it with Schematyc to make it show in the Sandbox Editor.

In code how do I add a component to an enity?

In unity you can use the AddComponent() function to add a Component to a Game Object. In CRYENGINE you can use AddComponent() or GetOrCreateComponent() which has similar behavior.

Is the world coordinate system in Unity the same as that used in CRYENGINE?

In Unity the world coordinate system is left-handed i.e. where +ve X is right, +ve Y is up and +ve Z is into the screen. CRYENGINE also uses a left-handed world coordinate system, however in CRYENGINE's case +ve X is right, +ve Y is into the screen and +ve Z is up.

In C# exceptions can simply be thrown as usual in C#. If an exception is thrown it will pause the game and show a popup with more details about the exception. To log messages to the output you can use the Log class.

In C++ the CRYENGINE does not allow exception handling. Instead, use the assert() function to trigger assertions when building in debug mode, and use CryLog to log to the output.

How do I see the log output from my game?

Whilst playing the game, the console can be opened by pressing the ~ key (top left on most keyboards). Additionally, the log is appended to a game.log file in the root directory of your project.

In Unity, the Inspector Tab is used to edit selected assets in your project. In CRYENGINE V, the Properties Panel exposes properties of selected objects, while larger editing tasks are undertaken in the Perspective Window.

Creating a Project

CRYENGINE and Unity have similar concepts when considering a project. However, there are some subtle differences that you need to be aware of.

In Unity you can run the game inside the Editor and then produce a build when you want to run the game standalone. In CRYENGINE the Editor (called the Sandbox Editor) is more of a lightweight wrapper around your game - this means that you can run your game in standalone mode during development.

Comparing the Editors

In CRYENGINE the Sandbox Editor (the equivalent to Unity’s editor) is already running a version of your game - this is started as soon as you load your level in CRYENGINE. However, it’s quite easy to use this in a similar way to the Scene/Game views in Unity. Using the Switch to Game-button (highlighted in orange below), CRYENGINE sends callbacks to your code to start/stop gameplay. This disables the additional widgets and free-roam camera that are enforced in the editing mode. CRYENGINE also has the additional feature of being able to preview/debug physics simulation (without starting the game logic) by using the buttons highlighted in purple below.

Editors Side by Side

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 20 of 39 In Unity, game objects can have multiple Components that are displayed in the Inspector (right-hand panel of the Unity Editor). Similarly, CRYENGINE has the Properties Panel that provides the same functionality of being able to add and remove Components from entities, as well as being able to modify their properties.

Glossary

Unity CRYENGINE V

Editor Sandbox Editor

Component Component

GameObject Entity

Prefab Schematyc Entity

Hierarchy Panel Level Explorer

Inspector Properties Panel

Project Browser Asset Browser

Scene Level

Scene View Perspective

Static Mesh Brush

Skinned Mesh Character

Material Material

Particle Effect Particle Effect

UI Scaleform

Mecanim Mannequin

Blend Tree Blendspace

Rigidbody/Character Controller Entity Physics

Project Structure

It's also possible to have C# scripts in the Assets folder. These will show up in the Asset Browser of the Sandbox Editor and can be opened from there.

CRYENGINE uses its own file format, Crytek Geometry Format (CGF) for reading meshes. There are two main methods used to convert your meshes into this format:

Option 1: Using the FBX Importer

Option 2: Using the 3DS Max Plugin

Quick Tip: If you already have your pivot point set on your mesh press Shift+A, then click your mesh to quickly align the dummy object.

Next open the Schematyc View from the icon shown below and link the mesh to the dummy using the link tool - this will make the mesh a child of the dummy node.

In the example used here a simple proxy has been created - it has been made a child of the mesh (not a dummy), assigned the correct material ID and checked the links in schematyc view.

Below is the final setup (the red box being the Proxy Mesh for collisions).

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 22 of 39 Now that we have everything setup, we can use the CRYENGINE Exporter to export the geometry. In the Exporter tick “Export File Per Node” to create a different CGF file for each file in the export list. If you have changed the normal of the mesh, then also tick “Custom Normals” and if you aren’t using them re member to untick “Vertex Colours”.

Finally, after exporting navigate to where your 3DS Max file is on the file system and you will find that the CGF file has been created.

Converting Textures and Materials

For each map then CRYENGINE looks for different file name endings to determine the type of map it is.

File Name File Ending Map Type

YourTextureName_diff _diff Diffuse

YourTextureName_ddna _ddna Normal map, Gloss in Alpha

YourTextureName_spec _spec Specular

YourTextureName_displ _displ Displacement

Substance Painter Exports

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 23 of 39 Substance Painter provides you with the ability to combine textures before the export - so it’s easier to run through the RC. Saving out as a PSD file type gives you the ability to load up the PSD and Save out CryTifs efficiently.

Creating Materials

You can create materials in 3DS Max or directly in CRYENGINE. A quick way to make materials is to just duplicate an existing material in Windows Explorer.

Importing an Animated Character

Exporting from Maya

Other points to note.

Start with the rig, making sure it has a skinned mesh and a skeleton, and be sure that all the materials are assigned to the correct meshes. After this you can create material groups in the Material Editor in the CryExporter. Select whichever objects/specific materials will share the same material group and click "Cr eate Group From Selection". In this example we use three different material groups, but you can put them all in one if you prefer.

Create a Polyplane

Next, open CryTools in Maya, select "proxy plane" and create CryExportNode. Select chr, name it as you like/or whatever the Character is called and then hit create.

Physics Mesh

The next thing we’ll be making is a Physics Mesh for collisions. Create a polyCube, parent it to the joint it will be following and zero out the translate and rotate values - doing this will make it snap into place. Then in Component mode, tweak the cube into a shape that fits the general area it’s meant to be covering, you can add edge loops and extrude to get what you’re looking for. Note: You want to try and keep it as low a poly as is possible.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 25 of 39 Name it whatever the joint it’s following is named, but append a ‘_Phys’ to the end of it. So for example a cube that’s following the ‘Bip01__Pelvis’ would be called ‘Bip01__Pelvis_Phys’. Assign it a new lambert and add it to the proxy plane’s material group that you created earlier. To do this select the lambert, open the Material Editor, select the material group you want to add it to and click "Add Selected Shaders".

Open the CryExporter, set the export path to where you want to save the Character in your project’s asset folder. Select the chr cryExportNode in the Outliner, then in the geometry export section (in Crytek Export) set the custom export path at the bottom of the CryExporter - this will likely be the same destination as the export path you have just set. Note: While you are doing that, double check and make sure it’s set to chr.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 26 of 39 Undertake the same process for each skin cryExportNode, selecting both, setting the custom export path and then checking to make sure they are set to skin files.

Importing into CRYENGINE V

Now that we have finished exporting everything we are ready to move on and import into CRYENGINE.

Head into the Character Tool Tools -> Animation -> Character tool. Then go to File -> New Character and create a new Character in the folder, this will make a Character Definition File (CDF).

When you have finished adding everything you may find that your Character is blurry, just load up a level and come back to the Character Tool and you’ll see your textures properly.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 27 of 39 Add a new Alias and on the right add in your chr. The left-hand side should automatically fill-in with CRYENGINE's default name - feel free to change it. Save the Skeleton List. When you do this CRYENGINE will generate a chrparams file for you.

Importing the Animations

Now that we have the Character loaded into CRYENGINE we are ready to begin importing our animations.

Open the CryExporter in Maya and open the Anim Manager. Press New, enter the name for the animation and use the time slider to select the start and end frames.

Set the folder where your animations will be stored and hit OK.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 28 of 39 Once your animations have been exported you will need to go back into the Character Tool in CRYENGINE. Double click on your Character (on the left) and your animations will now be listed under the Animations section in the CRYENGINE Outliner. The little icons beside each animation will have a little man with a hollow head. The hollow head means that the animation hasn’t yet been imported fully. So under Properties, click on the animation and hit import. Once the import is complete the little man's head will be filled in.

Setting up Blendspaces

For more information regarding Blendspaces see here.

Make a .bspace file in the Animations folder with following contents:

Moving forwards is 0, moving backwards is Heading left, the travel angle is somewhere between 0 and Heading right, the travel angle is somewhere between 0 and -

So, in order to create nice blends, you need to import the rearwards animation twice, and to set one with a travel angle of and the other with a travel angle of -.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 29 of 39 If it’s a 1D Blendspace, then you will just be blending between two animations, in which case the default annotation size is fine. You can now add the two animations you are blending between - it doesn’t matter in which order you add them.

If your shape is pointing up: Then (viewing the Blendspace from above) start with the base of the shape and list the animations in an anti-clockwise direction.

If your shape is pointing downwards: Then (viewing the Blendspace from below) start with the base of the shape and list the animations in an anti-clockwise direction.

For reference, below is an example of a 1D Blendspace (TurnAngle) and a 3D Blendspace (MoveSpeed, TravelAngle, TurnSpeed).

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 31 of 39 Now let's add animation clips to our Blendspace. Unity calls them Motion Fields, while CRYENGINE calls them Example Fields. Add your animations to the example boxes under the parameters.

Note: CRYENGINE does not want the Idle in this Blendspace (as it would interfere with the smooth blending between directions) so the idle is in another fragment and changed by code.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 32 of 39 Now that we have all of our examples in the Blendspace, let’s make it blend. To do this we need to create blend annotations. This can be done using either XML or through the UI interface. For each animation clip you have entered, an example number will appear next to it - this is the animation's ID for this Blendspace.

An example of the blend annotations in XML could be:

Continue to fill in the blends until you have something in the Blendpsace Preview that looks like the one shown below.

You can now preview your new Blendspace by adjusting the Blendspace parameters (in the Scene Parameters) through the small drop down menu found below the Animations Layers in the Character Tool.

From Mecanim to Mannequin

Mannequin is a set of high level tools to help manage the complexities of interactive animation.

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 33 of 39 To get setup in Mannequin you first need to make a context for your Character in the Preview Editor and then setup tags and fragments to house your animations in. For example, if you have an Idle fragment then within it you might have different tags for different types of idle maybe because the Character is holding different weapons or the Character(s) have different moods.

You will need the following files in Assets/Animations/Mannequin/ADB.

In Assets/Animations/Mannequin/Preview you’ll need.

player.xml - this will tell CRYENGINE what models/scopes and such to use when you are working with the player Character in the Mannequin Editor.

Developing User Interfaces

Another good use for the Timeline is Button states. You can have each of your states on a different frame and switch between them in code.

Localization

CRYENGINE can localize text and sound for different languages. For more information about localiaztion see here.

Porting C# Scripted Components

To use the generated C# solution from CRYENGINE you need to use Visual Studio 2017 with the CRYENGINE Extension.

Alternatively, the C# files can be added to the assets. This will make them appear in the Asset Browser of the SandboxEditor from where they can be opened in their solution.

From GameObjects to Entities

Below are two examples of basic Components in Unity and CRYENGINE.

public class ExampleComponent : MonoBehaviour { public float myFloat = 5.0f;

// Use this for initialization void Start(){

}

// Update is called once per frame void Update(){

}

void OnDestroy(){

} }

CRYENGINE C# Example

public class ExampleComponent : EntityComponent { [EntityProperty] private float MyFloat{get; set;} = 5.0f;

protected override void OnInitialize() {

}

protected override void OnUpdate(float frameTime) {

}

protected override void OnRemove() {

} }

These Components can be added to Entities in the Sandbox Editor, for Entities placed in the world or they can be added dynamically at runtime – this is similar to Unity.

Porting Unity's FixedUpdate

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 35 of 39 Unity offers a FixedUpdate function which is called at regular intervals (irrespective of any variations in framerate). However, there is no direct equivalent in CRYENGINE. Any code that interacts with physics can however be moved to the OnPrePhysicsUpdate(float frameTime) function as long as the frameTime is used to scale any movement that should be independent of frame rate.

Adding a Component

Adding a Component at runtime in Unity and CRYENGINE is very similar, as shown in the examples below.

Unity Example

ExampleComponent component = gameObject.AddComponent();

CRYENGINE Example

ExampleComponent component = Entity.AddComponent();

Creating and Destroying Entities

In Unity to create an empty GameObject at runtime you can use a function like this.

Unity Example

CRYENGINE Example

Entity SpawnEntity(string name, Vector3 position, Quaternion rotation) { return Entity.Spawn(name, position, rotation, Vector3.One); }

The last parameter in the Entity.Spawn function specifies the scale of the Entity.

In Unity GameObjects have a Transform Component, in CRYENGINE this is built into the Entity itself.

Destroying Entities

Destroying Entities in the CRYENGINE is very straightforward.

Unity Example

Destroy(gameObject);

Entity.Remove();

Physics (Rigidbody to PhysicsEntity)

In Unity Physics support is added to a GameObject using a Rigidbody Component. To add a Rigidbody Component and set its mass to 30 via C# we would simply do the following.

Unity Example

Rigidbody rb = gameObject.AddComponent(); rb.mass = 30;

CRYENGINE Example

var physicParams = new RigidPhysicalizeParams(); physicParams.Mass = 30; Entity.Physics.Physicalize(physicParams);

Raytracing/Raycast

A simple raycast from the camera with a distance of 100 meters.

Unity Example

float distance = 100.0f; RaycastHit hit;

if (Physics.Raycast(Camera.main.transform.position, Camera.main.transform. forward, out hit, distance)) { return hit.collider.gameObject; }

CRYENGINE Example

float distance = 100.0f; RaycastHit hit;

if (Physics.Raycast(Camera.Position, Camera.ForwardDirection, distance, out hit)) { return hit.Entity; }

From Prefabs to Schematyc

Confidential. © 2009-2015 Crytek GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Page 37 of 39 In Unity we can easily turn a GameObject (that has been setup in a scene) into a Prefab - which is then stored in a file so that a similar object can be created any number of times. In CRYENGINE this functionality isn’t tied into the Sandbox (level) Editor. Instead there is a system called Schematyc which provides the functionality to setup an Entity prefab in a separate window and that also has a built-in visual scripting language. This way it enables Designers to add simple functionality without requiring the services of a Programmer.

What common file formats are supported?

Asset Type Supported Formats

3D .fbx, .obj

Texture .tif

How is my scene stored in CRYENGINE - how does it differ from Unity?

How do I create and use components?

What about MonoBehaviours?

In code how do I add a component to an enity?

In unity you can use the AddComponent() function to add a Component to a Game Object. In CRYENGINE you can use AddComponent() or GetOrCreateComponent() which has similar behavior.

Is the world coordinate system in Unity the same as that used in CRYENGINE?

In C++ the CRYENGINE does not allow exception handling. Instead, use the assert() function to trigger assertions when building in debug mode, and use CryLog to log to the output.

How do I see the log output from my game?

Whilst playing the game, the console can be opened by pressing the ~ key (top left on most keyboards). Additionally, the log is appended to a game.log file in the root directory of your project.