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Download File INTRODUCTION ABOUT THIS ISSUE Community Based Flood Early Warning Systems looding is perhaps loods are considered to be the most the word early in early warning Fthe most widespread Fwidespread and frequent natural systems. There is a need to factor in hazard in India. It has been hazard in India. The country already such technologies in evolving effective estimated that out of the accounts for one-fifth of the total flood early warning systems. total geographical area of related deaths globally. Annual 329 million hectares (mha), flooding in India adversely impacts Three, floods all over India have housing, infrastructure, utilities, more than 40 mha is flood become deadlier and costlier. As this livelihoods, health, environment and article was being written, news broke prone in the country. Uttar cultural heritage. The United Nations that floods in Maharashtra and Kerala Pradesh (UP) is India's has estimated the average annual loss had killed more than a 130 people and most populous state and is from floods in the country to be US$ caused massive economic damages in no stranger to the risks of 7.4 billion.1 Maharashtra, Kerala and Karnataka. flooding. The rural areas of Assam and Bihar had already been eastern UP in particular are Given India's enhanced vulnerability to severely affected by flooding earlier in highly vulnerable to floods, early warning systems can play 2019. All this loss and damage caused riverine flooding during a big role in saving lives and assets. It by flooding underscores the the monsoons every is also important to empower importance of evolving effective EWS. subsequent year. Hence, it communities exposed to flood risk to is important to evolve manage their own risk. Therefore, Four, the dissemination of warning has community based flood community based flood early warning also changed. Earlier, the only source early warning systems in systems need to be evolved. To evolve of information/warning about floods such areas. such systems, India needs to have a look used to flow down a cumbersome at the following five factors: bureaucratic apparatus which would affect the response time. However, the This issue of One, the changing nature of advent of social media and mobile Southasiadisasters.net is communities exposed to flood risk. technology has drastically altered how titled "Community Based Communities are changing across time, warnings can be disseminated to a large Flood Early Warning space, economic activity, social number of people in very limited time. Systems" and focuses on constitution, and technology base. For instance, bulk SMSs can be used to the efforts of Poorvanchal Smart-phones and cheap internet send flood warnings to lot of people in Grameen Vikas Sangathan connectivity is radically changing the a very short amount of time. Greater (PGVS) in evolving such way far flung rural communities get innovation can still be factored into systems in 95 villages of information and interact with the world early warning systems to improve the eastern UP. The articles around them. Demographically, a lot lead time. contained in this issue of young and aspirational people have highlight the various been added to these communities. Any Five, System has changed. The aspects of this initiative CBFEWS needs to factor in these factors humanitarian as well as Early Warning ranging from inception, to evolve an effective system. System (EWS) has changed. ALNAP has planning, execution, excellent report on State of the Two, what is early has changed. Humanitarian System (SOHS) that results and evaluation. It Advances in technology has enabled shows the changes. The early warning also presents important humans to predict weather patterns and system has become more technical, real lessons for the government extreme events far more accurately time, out reaching, and almost accurate. and other humanitarian than ever before. Digital rain and river agencies to replicate gauges can provide information on the It is in the above light that this issue of CBEWS across India. Other level of water rise in the rivers almost Southasiadisasters.net titled success stories on CBEWS instantly. All these technological 'Community Based Flood Early from and beyond have advances has changed the meaning of Warning System' is promoted. been included in this issue – Mihir R. Bhatt as well. – Kshitij Gupta 1 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015, https:// www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2015/en/home/data.php?iso=IND 2 southasiadisasters.net July 2019 CBEWS IN UTTAR PRADESH Community Leadership in Flood Early Warning Systems A View from Bahraich District in Uttar Pradesh ttar Pradesh is the most government and non-government The Poorvanchal Grameen Vikas U populous state in India. It is support impedes their ability to Sangathan (PGVS) has established exposed to multiple hazards such as withstand floods. Most importantly, such a Community-Based Early floods, earthquakes, heatwaves, fires, these communities within the flood Warning System (CBEWS) in the etc. However, riverine flooding is prone areas are often devoid of any district of Bahraich and neighbor one of the most frequent and form of reliable information which districts of Uttar Pradesh, which are recurring phenomena in the state can be used by them to prepare for regularly affected by Trans Boundary endangering lives and causing floods. Rivers. The objective of this initiative widespread economic loss and is to consolidate trans-boundary damage. It is estimated that annually Thus, floods often hit these CBEWS between India and Nepal. 23,10,578 hectares of sown communities without any warning. Christian aid has provided funding agricultural area in Uttar Pradesh is Although flood related information support to this initiative while affected by floods. Eastern UP in is shared between the authorities of Practical Action (Nepal) has provided particular is vulnerable to riverine Nepal (Department of Hydrology technical support. This initiative is flooding during the monsoons. and Meteorology) and India being implemented in 95 villages of Rivers like the Ghagra, Saryu, Sharda (irrigation department), most of this the district Gonda and Bahraich in and Rapti often breach their information remains within the eastern Uttar Pradesh and 8 Wards embankments leading to flooding administrative setup and seldom from the Village development during the monsoons. reaches the desired recipient, committee of Bardiya, district Nepal. especially at the grassroots levels The rural communities living in because of bureaucratic hurdles. This initiative was unique because eastern Uttar Pradesh are routinely Therefore, it is necessary to develop it empowered the local communities subjected to the wrath of these a community-based early warning to identify and manage their own floods but don't possess the capacity mechanism which can be managed risks. First of all, massive capacity to deal with them. Lack of flood locally without the use of too much building of the at-risk village preparedness and poor access to of technology. community was undertaken by PGVS. Under this initiative, four task forces on four themes were formed viz. search and rescue, first aid, temporary shelter and early warning. The most proactive and enthusiastic members of the village community participated in these task forces became underwent several trainings and planned various resilience activities in the village. This was perhaps the best way of ensuring community mobilization by empowering them to manage their own risk. Moreover, this initiative made a lot of communities self-sufficient in protecting themselves from the onslaught of floods and not be dependent upon external help. A detailed review of PGVS's Photo: AIDMI. incredible community based flood July 2019 southasiadisasters.net 3 early warning system has yielded and disseminated by bulk in project operational areas the following findings: message technology to relevant because the communities were stakeholders when the linked to this early warning • Balance development of the monsoons are activated. information. Communities were four community EWS prepared at house hold level for components: The PGVS CBEWS • Well-defined roles and flood response. In 2015, "almost is a well-balanced system that responsibilities: The PGVS 70% of the losses from floods functions as a whole. All the CBEWS have well-defined roles could be avoided due to four components of an effective and responsibilities for all issuance of last mile early community-based EWS; a) Risk stakeholders involved. Each warning, especially in the areas, knowledge, b) monitoring and component has multiple but where PGVS CBEWS was early warning, c) dissemination specific stakeholder group operational. and d) communication and attached to discharge specific response capability and functions. • Sustainability: PGVS has resilience seems to be equally established Early Warning emphasized and developed. • Effectiveness of warning Network between India and messages to "at risk" communities: Nepal for proper information • Application of technology: For While warning messages are sharing related to before this project, PGVS has disseminated in a simple sign disaster preparedness, river adequately leveraged the use language, which are followed up water level and rainfall status and dissemination of by local task force team members sharing. Nepal Red Cross technology. Some instances of in terms of appropriate action to society is facilitating it in Nepal leveraging technology include be taken.
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