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(Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) Em Morangueiro

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(Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) Em Morangueiro Comunicado194 ISSN 1808-6802 Dezembro, 2016 Técnico Bento Gonçalves, RS Bioecologia e caracterização de danos de Neopamera bilobata Foto: Marcos Botton. (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) em morangueiro Marcos Botton1 Taciana Melissa de Azevedo Kuhn2 Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak3 Alci Enimar Loeck4 Introdução associados a diversos fatores, incluindo falhas na polinização (ANTUNES et al., 2007; MALAGODI- Durante os estádios fenológicos do morangueiro BRAGA, 2002) e deficiência nutricional (RODAS, há a ocorrência de diferentes espécies de 2008). Os insetos são também relacionados a esse insetos, moluscos, nematoides e ácaros fitófagos problema, muitas vezes de forma errônea, como (BOTTON; NAVA, 2010; GUIMARÃES et al., 2010; é o caso da atribuição dada a tripes Frankliniella ZAWADNEAK et al., 2014b; BERNARDI et al., occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (NONDILLO et 2015). Sob condições favoráveis, ocorre o aumento al., 2010). da população das pragas, exigindo que táticas de controle sejam utilizadas para minimizar as injúrias Em inventário de insetos-praga conduzidos em causadas. Dependendo da estratégia de controle morangueiro em Caxias do Sul- RS e São José dos adotada, tal prática pode resultar na presença de Pinhais-PR na safra 2008/2009, foi constatada a resíduos não autorizados no momento da colheita, presença do percevejo Neopamera bilobata (Say, dificultando a consolidação da fruta como um 1832) (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) (KUHN alimento seguro para os consumidores (BOTTON et et al., 2012) (Figura 1a). Os insetos foram al., 2010). observados alimentando-se de frutos verdes e maduros (Figuras 1 b e c), abrigando-se nas folhas Deformações nos frutos são frequentemente velhas e secas do estrato basal em plantas das relatadas durante o cultivo do morangueiro. No cultivares Albion, Aromas, Camarosa, Camino Real, entanto, existem várias lacunas em relação a esse Monterey, Palomar, Portola, San Andreas e Ventana tema, visto que essas deformações podem estar (KUHN et al., 2012; BENATTO et al., 2012b). 1 Eng. Agr., Dr., Pesquisador da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, RS. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Eng. Agr., Doutoranda em Entomologia, Esalq/USP. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Eng. Agr., Dra. Professora Associada II, UFPR-PR. E-mail: [email protected] 4Eng. Agr. Dr., Professor Titular, UFPel-RS. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Bioecologia e caracterização de danos de Neopamera bilobata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) em morangueiro . A Kátia Braga Foto: . B Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak Foto: . C Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak Foto: Figura 1 – Adultos e ninfas de Neopamera bilobata em (A) flor de morangueiro, (B) frutos Fig. 1.verdes Adultos e ninfas(C) frutosde Neopamera maduros. bilobata emFotografia (A) flor de demorangueiro, Kátia (B)Br agafrutos (A)verdes e eMaria (C) frutos Aparecida maduros. Cassilha Zawadneak (B e C). 3 Bioecologia e caracterização de danos de Neopamera bilobata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) em morangueiro 3 O percevejo N. bilobata já foi relatado no início do Descrição século XX causando injúrias em morangueiro na Flórida (EUA), sendo atribuída a alimentação do A espécie N. bilobata é originária da América do inseto à paralização do crescimento, enrijecimento, Norte (ITIS, 2012) com registros na América Central secamento e coloração marrom dos pseudofrutos e do Sul (MELO et al., 2004; DELLAPÉ, 2005). Os em estágios iniciais (BROOKS et al. 1929). adultos de N. bilobata medem pouco mais de Posteriormente, poucos trabalhos foram realizados 0,5 cm de comprimento e possuem antenas com com o percevejo, resultando na necessidade de quatro segmentos, sendo que os três primeiros se ampliar as informações sobre os reais prejuízos possuem cor marrom-amarelada e o quarto é causados pela espécie na cultura. completamente marrom. Este comunicado técnico tem como objetivo A espécie apresenta fêmures das pernas anteriores apresentar informações sobre a bioecologia e os engrossados (Figuras 2A e 2B), com duas fileiras danos causados pelo percevejo do morango de espinhos do lado interno. N.bilobata apresenta N. bilobata. dimorfismo sexual, sendo que o femur dos machos mais robustos e com espinhos maiores (Figuras 2C e 2D) (DELLAPÉ, 2005). Foto: Vitor C. Pacheco. Foto: Taciana M. A. Kuhn. C C D D C C D D Foto: Taciana M. A. Kuhn. Foto: Taciana M. A. Kuhn. 12,5 X 12,5 X 12,5 X 12,5 X 12,5 X 12,5 X 12,5 X 12,5 X FiguraFig. 2. Neopamera2 Figura– Neopamera bilobata 2 – adulto: Neopamera bilobata detalhe do fêmuradulto:bilobata (A, B); detalhe machoadulto: (C) fêmur e detalhefêmea (D).macho fêmur (A, macho C) e (A,fêmea C) e(B, fêmea D). (B, D). Figura Figura2 – Neopamera 2 – Neopamera bilobata bilobata adulto: adulto:detalhe detalhefêmur machofêmur macho(A, C) (A,e fêmea C) e (B,fêmea D). (B, D). FotografiaFotografia de Vitor C. de Pacheco Vitor C. (A)Pacheco e Taciana (A) e M. Taciana A. Kuhn M. (B, A. CKuhn e D). (B, C e D). FotografiaFotografia de Vitor de C. VitorPacheco C. Pacheco (A) e Taciana (A) e Taciana M. A. Kuhn M. A. (B, Kuhn C e (B,D). C e D). Os ovos sãoOs ovosdepositados são depositados no colo da no planta, colo da sobre planta, as sépalassobre as ou sépalas no pseudofruto ou no pseudofruto Os ovosOs são ovos depositados são depositados no colo noda coloplanta, da planta,sobre as sobre sépalas as sépalas ou no pseudofruto ou no pseudofruto (Figura 3)(Figura. Os ovos 3). possuemOs ovos possuemformato alongado, formato alongado, com menos com de menos 1 mm dede 1comprimento, mm de comprimento, (Figura (Figura3). Os ovos3). Os possuem ovos possuem formato formato alongado, alongado, com menos com menosde 1 mm de de1 mmcomprimento, de comprimento, apresentandoapresentando cor amarelo-pálida cor amarelo-pálida tornando-se tornando-se vermelhos vermelh com oos desenvolvimento com o desenvolvimento do do apresentandoapresentando cor amarelo-pálida cor amarelo-pálida tornando-se tornando-se vermelh vermelhos comos o comdesenvolvimento o desenvolvimento do do embrião. Oembrião. período O de período ovo dura de ovoem tornodura emde 10torno dias de (23±1ºC, 10 dias 70±10%)(23±1ºC, 70±10%)(KUHN et (KUHN al., et al., embrião.embrião. O período O período de ovo dedura ovo em dura torno em de torno 10 diasde 10 (23±1ºC, dias (23±1ºC, 70±10%) 70±10%) (KUHN (KUHNet al., et al., 2014). 2014). 2014). 2014). 5 5 5 5 4 Bioecologia e caracterização de danos de Neopamera bilobata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) em morangueiro Os ovos são depositados no colo da planta, coroa, amarelo-pálida tornando-se vermelhos com o sobre as sépalas ou no pseudofruto (Figura 3). desenvolvimento do embrião. O período de ovo dura Os ovos possuem formato alongado, com menos em torno de 10 dias (23±1ºC, 70±10%) (KUHN et de 1 mm de comprimento, apresentando cor al., 2014). A B A B Fotos: Taciana M. A. Kuhn. Fotos: Maria A. C. Zawadneak. Fig. 3. OvoFigura de Neopamera 3 – Ovo bilobata de Neopamera depositado em (A) bilobata sépalas e depositadono (B) pseudofruto em de (A)morangueiro. sépalas e no (B) pseudofruto de morangueiro. Fotografia de Maria A. C. Zawadneak (A) e Taciana M. A. Kuhn (B). Figura 3 – Ovo de Neopamera bilobata depositado em (A) sépalas e no (B) pseudofruto de morangueiro. Fotografia de Maria A. C. Zawadneak (A) e Taciana M. A. Kuhn (B). A fase de ninfa passa por cinco instares (Figura 4 muito ágeis, assim como os adultos, movimentando- – A, B, C, D e E)A (PEREDO;fase de ninfaGAMEZ-VIRUES, passa por 2005; cinco instaresse bastante (Figura entre 4 – as A, plantas. B, C, D e E) (PEREDO; KUHNGAMEZ-VIRUES, et al., 2014), sendoA fase 2005;os de insetos ninfa KUHN passaneste et períodopor al., cinco 2014), instares sendo (Figura os in 4setos – A, B,neste C, D períodoe E) (PEREDO; muito ágeis, assim comoGAMEZ-VIRUES, os adultos, 2005; movimentando-se KUHN et al., 2014), bastante sendo osent inresetos as plantas.neste período muito ágeis, assim como os adultos, movimentando-se bastante entre as plantas. A B C A B C Fotos: Taciana M. A. Kuhn. D E D E Fig. 4. Ninfas de NeopameraFigura 4 – bilobata Ninfas do de primeiro Neopamera (A), segundo bilobata (B), terceiro do primeiro (C), quarto (A), (D) segundo e quinto (B),instares terceiro (E). (C), quarto (D) e quinto instares (E). Figura 4 – Ninfas de Neopamera bilobata do primeiro (A), segundo (B), terceiro (C), quarto Bioecologia (D) e quinto instares (E). 6 Bioecologia 6 Bioecologia e caracterização de danos de Neopamera bilobata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) em morangueiro 5 Bioecologia verdes levaram em torno de 36 dias para atingir a fase adulta, com viabilidade de 51%, e os que se Em relação a plantas hospedeiras, N. bilobata já alimentaram com frutos maduros tiveram um tempo foi registrada associada com diversas espécies, de desenvolvimento médio de 32 dias, com uma dentre as quais algodão (SZUMKOWSKI; YÉPEZ, viabilidade de 27%, demonstrando que os frutos 1963) e frutíferas como Annona spp. e figo (PEÑA; verdes são os mais adequados ao desenvolvimento BENNETT, 1995; PEREDO; GAMEZ-VIRUES, 2005), da espécie (KUHN et al., 2014). As fêmeas assim como florestais das espéciesPinus palustres apresentaram uma longevidade entre 40 e 50 (WHEELER JR.; STOOPS, 2010), Melaleuca dias, enquanto que para os machos essa média foi quinquenervia (COSTELLO et al., 2003) e plantas maior, de 86 e 71 dias, para fruto maduro e verde daninhas como Chenopodium ambrosioides, respectivamente. O número total de ovos colocados Croton sp., Oenothera sp., Richardia sp., Solidago por fêmea foi em torno de 320, com média diária de sp. (ALTIERI; WHITCOMB, 1979), Euphorbia 8 ovos (KUHN et al., 2014). spp. (BROOKS et al., 1929; WATSON, 1931; WATSON; TISSOT, 1942; WHEELER JR., 1981; Número de gerações anuais PEREDO; GAMEZ-VIRUES, 2005) e Panicum repens (CUDA et al., 2007). No Brasil, até o registro da Considerando que a cultura do morangueiro no ocorrência da espécie no cultivo do morangueiro Brasil está difundida em diferentes regiões do país (KUHN et al., 2012), a presença de N.
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