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Zoobooks Apes.Pdf Created and Written by John Bonnett Wexo Scientific Consultants Frederick A. King, Ph.D. Director, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center Harold M. McClure, D.V.M. Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center Richard Tenaza, Ph.D. University of the Pacific ON THE COVER: A Mountain Gorilla Courtesy of the FREE Zoobooks eSafari. A silverback male mountain gorilla races through the forest beating his chest in a ritual charge to show dominance. EEXPLORXPLOR EE books.co EVEN MORE! Come wander om oo m Q: What is the first thing an orangutan learns in school? zothrough our Virtual Zoo, finish up your homework with the A: The Ape-B-C’s. Animal Directory, and then relax Q: Why didn’t the banana snore? with some Games & Activity Pages. A: It didn’t want to wake up the whole bunch. Best of all, visit the Q: What do you get when you cross your pet parrot with a gorilla? U To find out, sign up for your free RET JUNG eSafari at www.zoobooks.com. EC at LE S When you sign up for your FREE zoobooks.com eSafari at www.zoobooks.com/safari, for printable activities, online games, you’ll discover: •• WhatWhat Chest-Chest- live action videos, and drawings and • Best wildlife sites on the web beating Means poems done by kids like you! • Animal jokes, puzzles, games, activities beating Means It’s a secret online hangout just for • Wildlife and zoo news PagePage 1111 kids. Only Zoobooks subscribers like • Animal cams you can get in! Find your password • Green tips, save-the-animals sites and causes on our Kids Zooworks page. See an eSafari preview at www.zoobooks.com/safari. So! You’ve just finished reading your eSafari is part of your Zoobooks membership, so sign up today FREE! Zoobooks, and your head is full of new fun facts. Come on over to www.zoobooks.com/twenty and impress us with what you’ve learned— and we’ll reward you with some laughs. Mailing by January 25th (please allow 1-2 weeks for delivery) See you there! TIGERS At night, when the deer and the antelope play, a tiger becomes a stealthy hunter looking for, perhaps, its first meal in weeks. For a sneak peek of this issue, flip a few pages at www.zoobooks.com/digital-subscription. January 2012 Volume Twenty-Nine Number $7.00 in U.S. funds per year. Add $15 in U.S. funds Three ZOOBOOKS (ISSN 0737-9005) is published per year for other foreign addresses. Single copy: ten times a year by Wildlife Education, Ltd., P.O. $5.99 plus $2.50 postage/handling. Box 447, Peru, Illinois 61354. Periodicals postage Subscription orders, inquiries and address change paid at Peru, Illinois and additional mailing offices. requests may be sent to PO Box 420235, POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Zoobooks Palm Coast, FL 32142-0235. PO Box 420234 Palm Coast, Florida 32142-0234. Address Changes: Please include old and new PUBLICATIONS MAIL AGREEMENT NO. 40032441 addresses and ZIP Codes. Enclose address label • King Kong Wrong? REGISTRATION NO. 3905136 RETURN from last issue and allow six to eight weeks for • King Kong Wrong? ® UNDELIVERABLE CANADIAN ADDRESSES TO: change to become effective. Published by Wildlife Education, Ltd. PO BOX 875, STN A, WINDSOR ON N9A 6P2. Internet Customer Service Form: TM © 2012 Wildlife Education, Ltd.® All rights reserved. No part of Subscription Rates: (U.S. funds only): $29.95 for www.zoobooks.com/subscriber_services PagePage 1414 App this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form 10 issues. For Canadian addresses please add or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, From time to time, Zoobooks mails to its subscribers advertisements for other Zoobooks products or makes recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without its subscriber list available to other reputable companies for their offering of products and services. If you permission in writing from the publisher. prefer not to receive such mail, write to us at Zoobooks PO Box 420235 Palm Coast, Florida 32142-0235. GET THE JUNGLE TO GO! 7th printing, printed by M&D Printing in Henry, Illinois, December 2011. Printed in the U.S.A. ZooWhowww.zoobooks.com/fun FREE he apes are undoubtedly the animals bonobos—are known as the great apes. that fascinate people the most—and The smaller gibbons and siamangs are the T the reason is not hard to see. Of all the “lesser” apes. world’s creatures, the apes are closest to us in Great apes can be very large. On occasion, form and behavior. They can stand upright, they gorillas have reached a height of 6 feet 2 inches, have fingernails and fingerprints, large brains, and although the average height for an adult male is expressive faces. Most of all, they have an obvious 5 feet 8 or 9 inches. Gorillas are massive animals, intelligence that both amuses us and puzzles us. with corresponding strength. An average male in So great is the resemblance of the apes to the wild weighs about 350 pounds. In captivity, SIAMAN G WHITE -HANDED GIBBON Hylobates syndactylus humans that they are called anthropoid, or “man- they may weigh 200 pounds more. Bonobos and Hylobates lar like” apes. The resemblance seems to be more chimpanzees—the smallest of the great apes— than superficial. The DNA of humans differs can weigh more than 150 pounds. from that of chimpanzees and bonobos An adult male is three to four times (also called pygmy chimpanzees) by stronger than a man. Great apes can less than two percent. live for 50 years or more. The larger anthropoids—gorillas, orangutans, chimpanzees, and LOW L AND GORI ll A (MA L E AND FEMA L E ) Gorilla gorilla gorilla BORNEAN ORAN G UTAN (MA L E AND FEMA L E ) Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus CHIMPANZEE BONOBO Pan troglodytes Pan paniscus he anatomy of apes is obviously like human Although the bodies of all apes are similar in general pattern, each anatomy in many ways. Like us, apes have two The arms of apes are type of ape exhibits modifications to the pattern. A comparison of legs and two arms, five fingers and five toes, always longer than their the hands and teeth of the lightest and the heaviest apes shows T legs. Orangutans and how each is adapted to its specific life requirements. large heads with two forward-looking eyes, 32 teeth, gibbons have longer arms and ears that have the same kinds of wrinkles and (in relation to the sizes of their bodies) than gorillas Apes are very strong. In the Gibbons let their lobes. Sometimes the way that apes move their bodies, and chimpanzees. And this wild, they take on very little fingers do the walking. is only fitting since orangs fat as a rule, and the energetic the postures and gestures they use, can seem very As this trapeze artist and gibbons spend more lifestyle of orangs, gibbons, and human indeed. swings from tree to tree, or time swinging than the chimpanzees keeps them in very brachiates, the ends of its long These are all important similarities—but there are others, and longer arms good shape. A massive gorilla, fingers lightly grasp each branch— important differences as well. As a group, apes are make swinging easier. of course, walks around all day just enough to keep the animal lifting the tremendous weight made for life in the trees, while we are suited to life on from falling, but not enough to of its own body. In general, apes slow its movement through the the ground. Even the gorilla, which has become so are many times stronger than forest. The gibbon’s thumbs are heavy that it must spend most of its time on the ground, human beings of similar size. extremely short and don’t get in the way when the fingers grasp a has a body that is really shaped for climbing and branch. This ape’s bones are thin swinging. (Young gorillas still do these things.) and light in weight, aiding its travels above the ground. With the hair removed, various skin colors are revealed for the different apes. Chimpanzee skin can range from black-brown to almost white Fruit is the main food of gibbons. on the body. Gorillas, gibbons, Their teeth follow a basic ape pattern and siamangs have black or but are rather small. The jaw is not gray skin. The gray skin overly muscular, because soft foods of orangutans is often don’t need much chewing power. All apes are covered with thick hair that tinged with blue. insulates their bodies and protects them from rain. But certain spots on the body are without hair. A typical chimpanzee has little or no hair on its face, upper chest, fingers, or ears. The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet are also Gorillas are very bare. Gorillas have similar bare spots, heavy and must while orangutans and gibbons are move carefully. usually more fully covered. Strong bones are required throughout their bodies. Because they often use their knuckles to support them as they walk, the hand bones are large and sturdy. Tough and stringy plants are the major part of a gorilla’s diet. Large muscles, running from the crest on the gorilla’s skull to the lower jaw, supply plenty of power for chewing and grinding. The teeth are massive. 2 3 himpanzees are the most social of the great All great apes build nests for sleeping. Chimpanzees build theirs high in the apes. They like company, and temporary groups trees—sometimes 80 feet above the Cmay include 45 or more chimps.
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