Conodonta, Trilobita, and Anthozoa Near the Late Frasnian Upper Kellwasser Event of the Geipel Quarry Section in Schleiz, Thuringian Mountains (Germany)

Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl.. Geowiss. Reihe 6 (2003) 71-78 10. 11.2003

Conodonta, Trilobita, and Anthozoa near the Late Frasnian Upper Kellwasser Event of the Geipel Quarry section in Schleiz, Thuringian Mountains (Germany)

Dieter Weyer ’, Raimund Feist2 & Catherine Girard3

With 2 figures and 1 plate

Abstract

New recoveries of Trilobita, Anthozoa and Conodonta from the linguiformis Zone close to the FrasniadFamennian boundary and immediately preceding the Upper Kellwasser Event level at Schleiz (Thuringia) are investigated. The trilobites species are Harpes neogracilis Richter & Richter, 1924, Palpebralia cf. brecciae (Richter. 1913) and Acutzcryphops acuticeps (Kayser, 1889), the latter is represented by several morphs with different numbers of eye-lenses; the trend to eye-reduction is discus- sed. The Rugosa fauna that was nearly unknown from the psychrospheric facies worldwide, comprise six taxa of the Cyatha- xoniina. The rich conodont faunas permit tracing the exact boundary between the top of the Late Palmatolepis rhenana Zone and the Palmatolepis linguiformis Zone.

Key words: Late Frasnian. conodonts. trilobites, corals, biostratigraphy, Thuringian Mountains.

Zusammenfassung

Im Niveau der FrasniumFamennium-Grenze werden neue Fossilfunde der letzten Trilobita, Anthozoa und Conodonta aus der linguiformis-Zone (vor dem Oberen Kellwasser-Event) mitgeteilt. Harpes neogracilis Richter & Richter. 1924, Pnlpebralra cf. brecciae (Richter, 1913) und Acuticryphops acuticeps (Kayser, 1889) wurden beobachtet; bei letzterem wird an Hand verschie- dener Morphen mit unterschiedlicher Linsenzahl der Trend zur Augenreduktion diskutiert. Von der Rugosa-Fauna, die welt- weit aus solcher psychrosphaerischer Fazies fast unbekannt blieb, sind sechs Taxa der Cyathaxoniina skizziert. Die reichen Conodonta-Faunen erlauben eine prazise Grenzziehung zwischen dem Top der Late Palmatolepis rhenana-Zone und der Pal- matolepis linguiformis-Zone.

Schliisselworter: Late Frasnium, Conodonta, Trilobita, Anthozoa Rugosa, Biostratigraphie, Thiiringer Schiefergebirge.

Introduction near Kirschkau (Geinitz 1853), the former Eulen- busch Quarry (Muller 1956) and the outcrop of Since the first investigations at the end of the Alte Heerstralje (Brugge 1973), both near 18th century (Walch 1769), several sections of Ottersdorf, and now in part also the former Gei- historical importance for the stratigraphical ex- pel Quarry in Schleiz (Frasnian-Famennian ploration in the Thuringian Slate Mountains of boundary of Muller 1956 still accessible, Wocklu- course have disappeared. Even today it might be meria “Stufe” of Weyer 1981 at the entrance pas- difficult sometimes to preserve such outcrops as sage vanished). Therefore, a perhaps final fossil geological monuments under the law of pro- collecting was organized in 1995, with special re- tected nature reservations. Among Upper Devo- ference to the once locally famous macrofauna nian sequences deplorably lost at the northwes- (ammonites, trilobites, but now including also tern flank of the Berga Anticline, there are to corals), all controlled by rich conodont commu- mention the exposures of the “Planschwitz” beds nities.

’ Lowestrasse 15. D-10249 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Institut des Sciences de I’Evolution, Universitk de Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France. E-mail: [email protected] Universite Claude Bernard-Lyon I, Laboratoire de PalCoenvironnements et Paleobiosphere, 2, rue Raphael Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France. E-mail: [email protected] Received March 2003, accepted June 2003 72 Wever. D.. R. Feist & C. Girard, Conodonta. Trilobita, and Anthozoa in the Late Frasnian

Geipel Quarry section in the town of Schleiz Schleiz and was abandoned prior to 1945. Some landscaping took place on the quarry after con- The Geipel Quarry Locality was first mentioned struction of a private house. in 1915 by Ernst Zimmermann (18601944). re- Schindewolf (1921: 172) actualized the local nowned geologist with the Prussian Geological Frasnian ammonoid faunal list, based on own Survey in Berlin. He considered the Upper De- collections, rendered his trilobite material to the vonian sequence exposed in the quarry as one of Richters (Richter & Richter 1926: 285), and the very few suitable reference sections for the later initiated the dissertation of Muller (1956), region along the northwestern flank of the Berga which includes a refined lithostratigraphy (Fig. 1) Anticline in the Eastern Thuringian Slate Moun- and a richer macrofaunal approach just before the tains, editing the special geological map (scale start of conodont micropalaeontology (Helms 1 : 25000) of sheet Schleiz (Zimmermann 1915: 1961, then Schulke 1995). The section of Muller 39, with record of Late Frasnian ammonoids). (1956) was also used by Blumenstengel et al. The quarry is named after the owner, a well (1963: 29), Schlegel & Wiefel (1998: 273) and known businessman in Schleiz. In those days the Bartzsch et al. (2002: 310); the actual outcrop be- quarry was situated just outside the western city came more and more incomplete under debris gate; since then the quarry has became part of cover.

Fig. 1. Lithostratigraphy of the extremely condensed Frasnian-Famennian boundary beds (cephalopod limestone facies) in the abandoned Geipel Quarry in Schleiz (southern wall). compiled after Miiller (1956: bed 1-S), Schiilke (1995: bed 1*-12*) and Weyer (field work 199.5: bed 4A**-C**). After Bartzsch et al. (2002: 310, fig. 3, with some modifications). Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Geowiss. Reihe 6 (2003) 73

New collections of Weyer (in 1995) focused on Blumenstengel (in Steinbach 1974: fig. 33) and corals. Ammonoids (Crickites, Beloceras, Tor- was cited by Pfeiffer (1967: tab. 3) and Wiefel noceratids) were rcndered to Prof. Dr. R. T. (1976: 549). Schulke (1995: 16, fig. 12) indicated Becker (Munster). The fauna is deposited in the the presence of the linguiformis Zone in a re- Museum of Natural History (Palaeontology) of vised section of the Geipel Quarry in Schleiz Humboldt University, Berlin (Anthozoa, Tri- (beds 4-9, but without naming the species it- lobita - numbers MB.) and in the collections of self in his faunal list (107, tab. 5). Bartzsch et al. the Palaeontological Institute, University Claude (2001: 104, fig. N1-16, 111) recorded Palmatole- Bernard, Lyon (Conodonta - numbers UL pis linguiformis in the section of Kahlleite Quar- FGW.. .). ry near Rodersdorf (studied by M. Gereke), and an upper linguiformis Zone interval without the index species in the section of Vogelsberg Quar- Conodonts ry near Goschitz (studied by E. Schindler and the late W. Ziegler) - it is interesting to see It is well established that in FrasnianFamennian this knowledge coming back as a new result to boundary sections of Rhenohercynian Avalonia Thuringia, where in reality it was born already (such as Martenberg, Steinbruch Schmidt, Ses- 38years ago. Based on rich unpublished faunas sacker, Benner Quarry near Bicken, and Burg from the Vogelsberg and Kahlleite sections, Berg in the Rhcnish Slate Mountains) the latest Bartzsch et al. (2002: 310, fig. 2, 312) reported the Frasnian linguiformis Zone starts with its index linguiformk Zone (with its index conodont) from form, Palmatolepis linguiformis Muller, 1956 not the uppermost layers of the Vogelsberg Forma- far below the base of the Upper Kellwasser Hor- tion, just below the Upper Kellwasser Horizon. izon (Ziegler & Sandberg 1990). The relative In the Geipel Quarry of Schleiz, latest Fras- abundance of Palmatolepis linguiformis in these nian conodonts including Palmatolepis lingui- localities on the Laurussian epicontinental mar- formis were recovered from Bed 4, immediately gin seems to be related to the transgressive pulse below the Upper Kellwasser Horizon. This bed that preceded the Upper Kellwasser Event is extremely rich in conodonts throughout, but (Racki et al. 2002). Palmatolepis linguiformis appears not earlier In contrast, Palmatolepis linguiformis is mostly than in the middle part of the bed (level 4B). absent in North Gondwana derived terranes and This allows us to precisely define the base of the in particular in thc FrasniadFamennian bound- latest Frasnian linguiformis Zone, which starts as ary stratotype arca at Coumiac, Southern France elsewhere shortly before the beginning of the (House et al. 2000). However it has recently hypoxic Upper Kellwasser bed (Bed 5) empha- been established in the Carnic Alps (Pramosio A sising its contemporaineity in palaeogeographi- section; Spalletta & Perri 1998) and in the Can- cally distinct plate units. ning Basin of NW Australia (Klapper 1995), Associated conodonts in Bed 4 such as Palma- both related to the Northern Gondwana margin. tolepis bogartensis (Stauffer. 1938), Ancyrodella Here we document the presence of Palmatolepis curvata (Branson & Mehl, 1934), Ancyrognathus linguiformis in another terrane that derived from asymmetricus (Ulrich & Bassler, 1926) and Pal- North Gondwana, the Saxothuringian unit that matolepis rhenana Bischoff, 1956 (figured on was part of the Armorican plate-assemblage plate 1) are abundant in the Palmatolepis lingui- (Franke 1999, Linnemann & Heuse 2000: fig. 1). formis Zone as expected from the standard zona- Records of Palmatolepis linguiformis Muller, tion Ziegler & Sandberg (1990), and in MN 1956 from the Thuringian Mountains go back to Zone 13 (Klapper, 1989). Comparing the taxo- 1963 but only appear in generalized faunal lists, nomic diversity and abundance conodont biofa- without precise data concerning locality and cies indicates clear dominance of palmatolepids horizon. The first note of Helms (1961: 40) even that tends to increaseaugment towards the top of remained unpublished, although it was well the Bed4 at the expense of Polygnathus. This known to local stratigraphers. Helms later (1963: trend is seen in offshore sections including Cou- fig. 2/12) provided an illustration of Palmatolepis miac, Montagne Noire (Girard & Feist, 1997), (Manticolepis) linguiformis from the Berga Anti- Mrirt, Moroccan Meseta (Lazreq, 1992), and cline and (in Blumenstengel et al. 1963: 32, fig. 2/2) Steinbruch Schmidt, Rhenish Slate Mountains mentioned the species as an index fossil for the (Sandberg et al. 1988), and may correspond to a middle parts of the “Upper rhenana Zone” (sen- general sea-level rise prior to the Upper Kell- su Ziegler 1962: 23); this chart was copied by wasser event level. 74 Weyer. D., R. Feist & C. Girard, Conodonta, Trilobita, and Anthozoa in the Late Frasnian

Trilobites minance of Acuticryphops acuticeps that outnum- bers by far the other taxa, and the much higher The first determined trilobite from the Late mean number of eye-lenses (unlike the popula- Frasnian of the Geipel Quarry is Phacops acuti- tions in Coumiac and Mrirt where most morphs ceps (Zimmermann 191.5: 41). Trilobites collected possess less than 6lenses). It can be stated with by Schindewolf, in ca. 1920 were attributed by new evidence from Thuringia that last trilobite Richter & Richter (1926: 28.5) to “Proetus” populations from deeper outer shelf habitats that (gen.?) sp. indet., Harpes neogracilis and Pha- precede the Upper Kellwasser extinction exhibit cops (Cryphops) acuticeps. Miiller (1956) logged evolutionary trends to eye-reduction globally but and sampled the section in great detail, and in to different extent depending on local environ- the process discovered Frasnian trilobites [Pha- mental conditions. cops (Cryphops) acuticeps and Phacops (Pha- cops) cryphoides] in the last 40cm (Bed4) below the Upper Kellwasser Horizon (Beds). Corals Exhaustive collecting from the same bed by one of us (D. W.) garnered 77 trilobite specimens of Zimmermann (1915: 41, “kleine Einzelkorallen, Acuticryphops acuticeps (Kayser, 1889) (74%), Cyathophyllum sp.”) found the first Rugosa at Harpes neogracilis Richter & Richter, 1924 Geipel Quarry. Schindewolf studied one of these (10.4%) and Palpebralia cf. brecciae (Richter, specimens and some additional corals of his own 1913) (9.1%); the remaining 6.5% represents including a few thin sections of the genus Metrio- pygidia of an undetermined phacopid species phyllum (unpublished material in Berlin mu- (?Phacops cryphoides Richter & Richter, 1926). seums). Weyer (1984: 18) recorded rich new, but This fauna (Pl. 1: Fig. 1-10) though poorly di- so far unstudied samples from the Late Frasnian versified typically occurs in the latest Frasnian cephalopod limestone facies of the Berga Anti- before its extinction at the base of the Upper cline (Geipel and Vogelsberg Quarries), with Kellwasser Horizon both in the Rhenish Slate Metriophyllzim, Metrionaxon, Metrioplexus, and Mountains and Harz Mountains (Steinbruch Neaxon-like taxa. The occurrence of Metriophyl- Schmidt, Beul, Sessacker, Aeke) and on the lum (Bartzsch et al. 2002: 311) in the Vogelsberg North Gondwana margin (Coumiac, Mrirt) (Feist Formation refers to unpublished collections of & Schindler 1994, Feist 2002). It is characterized Weyer from three localities (Geipel Quarry in in particular by trends to eye reduction that let Schleiz, Vogelsberg Quarry near Goschitz, Kahl- to blindness in last representatives of Palpebralia leite Quarry near Rodersdorf). in the Palmatolepis linguiformis Zone. The spec- The community of Rugosa corals (Fig. 2A-H) tacular regression and inconstancy in the number from Bed 4 of Geipel Quarry in Schleiz consists of eye-lenses in Acuticryphaps observed in Cou- of undescribed taxa and includes Neuxon Kull- miac and Mrirt exist also in Schleiz where in mann, 1965, Petraia Munster, 1839, Metrionaxon Bed 4 morphs with a maximum number of Glinski, 1963, Metriophyllum Milne-Edwards & 14lenses and a minimum of 5 lenses (mean: Haime, 1850, at least two new genera, and some 9,15) co-occur. However the material is insuffi- breviseptoid/ampleximorph taxa. However, cur- cient as to decide whether there is a trend in rent taxonomic studies will be based predomi- mean eye-lens reduction within Bed 4A-C. In nantly on the much richer and better preserved comparison to contemporaneous faunas from material of the neighbouring locality Vogelsberg Coumiac and Mrirt the population in Bed4 is Quarry near Goschitz; there the same coral spe- distinct by a poorer taxonomic diversity, a predo- cies were also found in somewhat older beds

b Plate 1. 1-2, Palpebralia cf. brecciae (Richter. 1913). 1, fragmentary cephalon, internal mould, MB.T.4712, dorsal view, x 5.1, level 4B; 2, pygidium, MB.T.4713, dorsal view. x 10, level 4B. 3-5. 9-10, Acufzcryphops acufzceps (Kayser, 1889). 3, cephalon, MB.T.4714, ventral view showing vincular furrow and ventral plate, x 5.5, level 4A; 4-5, cephalon, MB.T.4715, dorsal view, x 6, and lateral view, x 6.8, level 4A; 9-10, fragmentary ceplon, MB.T.4716, lateral view, x 8.2, and dorsal view, x 9.5, level 4A. 6-8, Harpes neogracilis Richter & Richter, 1924. 6, fragmentary cephalon, MB.T.4717, dorsal view, x 3.5, and lateral view, x 3.6, level 4A. 11, Palmatolepis bogartensis (Stauffer, 1938), UL FGW12, upper view, x 3, level 4A. 7-8, fragmentary cepha- Ion. MB.T.4718. dorsal view, x 40, level 4B. 12. Palmarolepis linguiformis Miiller, 1956, UL FGW02, upper view, x 60, level4B. 13, Palmatolepis [inguiformis Miiller, 1956, UL FGWOl. upper view, x 60, level 4B. 14, Palmafolepis rhenana Bi- schoff,1956. UL FGW16, upper view, x 50, level 4B. 15, Ancyrognathus asymmetricus (Ulrich & Bassler, 1926), UL FGW05, upper view. x SO, level 4B. 16, Ancyrodella curvata (Branson & Mehl, 1934), UL FGW07, upper view, x 50, level4B (all specimens from the former Geipel Quarry in Schleiz. Vogelsberg Formation, bed 4). Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl.. Geowiss. Reihe 6 (2003) 75 76 Wever. D., R. Feist & C. Girard, Conodonta, Trilobita, and Anthozoa in the Late Frasnian

D c

Fig. 2. Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the uppermost Frasnian cephalopod limestones (Vogelsberg Formation, bed no. 4) in the Geipel Quarry of Schleiz, NW flank of Berga Anticline. Thuringian Mountains, coll. Weyer 1995 (Museum of Natural History, Humboldt University, Berlin). Palmaro[epis [inguiformis Zone (bed 4C - Fig. D), top of Late Palmatolepis rhenana Zone (bed 4A - Figs. B-C, E-H). and undifferentiated same Late Frasnian interval (bed4 - Fig. A). A, Neaxorz sp., subtabular cross section, x 10. B-C, Petraia? sp., subtabular and calicular cross sections, x 8 and x 7. D, nov. gen. nov. sp. I, subtabular cross section, x 12. E-F, nov. gen. nov. sp. 11, subtabular cross sections. x 9. G, Metrionaxon sp., subtabular cross section, x 12. H, Metriophyllum sp.. subtabular cross section, x 8.

(below the Lower Kellwasser Horizon). The first tionally by very few authors, often of ancient new genus (I) with a remarkable axial structure times without modern morphological revisions. is close to the Columnaxoninae Weyer, 1980 The first thorough record for the Early Frasnian (related to Laccophyllinae Grabau, 1928, within (including now late Givetian Pharciceras beds) in the Cyathaxoniidae Milne-Edwards & Haime, ammonoid facies was given, already in the peri- 1850). To date the sole similar and comparable od before use of thin sections, by Ludwig taxon is Cyathaxonia? hercynica Roemer, 1855 (1865-1866: 9 nearly forgotten, never rede- from the Middle Givetian (Weyer & Zagora scribed coral taxa from the Rhenish Mountains). 1990: 27, fig. 3); this rare species occurs from the Weissermel (1939) introduced 3 new taxa from Harz and Rhenish Mountains in Germany to the Thuringian Mountains, based on badly pre- southern France (Montagne Noire) and Morocco served steinkern samples in the stratigraphically (Anti-Atlas). The second new genus (11) with well studied sections of Volk (1939). More ade- strong axial trabeculae and a slightly inconstant quate studies (with thin sections) start with aulos belongs to the Neaxon group. Metriophyl- Stainbrook (1946: Iowa), Soshkina (1952: Ural lum is used in the revised interpretation of Mountains), Bulvanker (1958: Kuznezk Basin), Weyer (1996: 86), being a member of the Lind- Holwill (1964: Western Europe), and Ivaniya stroemiidae Potta 1902, close to Lindstroernia (1965: Kuznezk Basin) up to the lately paper of Nicholson & Thomson, 1876 (with synonym Lo- Hill & Jell (1971: Canning Basin) they described pholasma Simpson 1900). new species of Amplexus, Caninia, Catactotoe- Worldwide, psychrospheric coral associations chus, Metriophyllum, Nalivkinella, Nicholsoniella, of this Cyathaxonia facies type (sensu Hill 1938: Syringaxon. Perhaps, Syringaxon independense 5-12) remained nearly unknown in the Frasnian Stainbrook, 1946 can be transferred to Petraia (and also in the Givetian). Therefore, Sorauf & Munster, 1839 (in the revised sense of Weyer, Pedder (1986: 1267) speculated about a possible 2000). At present and momentary, the diverse late origin of basinal faunas in the Famennian, Late Frasnian Rugosa assemblage from the but they existed throughout all the Devonian Thuringian Mountains seems to be unique in the (and Silurian), and were described only excep- world. Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Geowiss. Reihe 6 (2003) 77

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