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The Species Composition of Rotifers in the Water Reservoirs of Central Vietnam S

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The Species Composition of Rotifers in the Water Reservoirs of Central Vietnam S ISSN 19950829, Inland Water Biology, 2011, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 425–434. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2011. Original Russian Text © S.M. Zhdanova, 2011, published in Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod, No. 4, 2011, pp. 26–35. AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNA The Species Composition of Rotifers in the Water Reservoirs of Central Vietnam S. M. Zhdanova Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Nekouzskii raion, Yaroslavl oblast, 152742 Russia email: [email protected] Received March 19, 2010 Abstract—The rotifer fauna has been studied in four water reservoirs in the Khanh Hoa Province, Central Vietnam. A total of 65 species and subspecies and 22 genera representing 15 families have been found; 25 species and subspecies are identified as new to Vietnam. Morphometric characteristics are given for Filinia camascela Myers, Brachionus donneri Brehm, and B. dichotomus reductus Koste et Shiel. The rotifer fauna of Central Vietnam and those of other countries of Southeast Asia are compared. Some of the tropical and subtropical species recorded have been repeatedly reported from Russia. Keywords: rotifers, tropical and subtropical species, water reservoirs of Central Vietnam. DOI: 10.1134/S1995082911030205 INTRODUCTION includes about 80 species. A collective monograph by Vietnamese scientists [17] contains a checklist of Rotifers (Rotifera) have universal distribution and freshwater invertebrates of Vietnam, where findings in account for a large proportion of zooplankton in different regions of the country are indicated, includ waterbodies and watercourses, playing a substantial ing the southern part of the Central Coast. In this part in the functioning of ecosystems. These animals region, 74 rotifer species have been found. More contribute considerably to the biodiversity of water recent studies of South Vietnam deal with waterbodies bodies and watercourses in the tropical and equatorial and watercourses of a national park in Tây Ninh Prov climate zones [19]. ince [18] and in the Mekong River basin [28]. There The Khanh Hoa Province (11°42′50′′–12°52′15′′N, are studies on rotifers (among other members of zoop 108°40′33′′–109°27′55′′E), where this study was per lankton) in waterbodies and watercourses of North formed, lies in the South Central Coast region of Viet Vietnam [16, 17, 25, 27, 41] and Central Vietnam [40]. nam (Nam Trung Boˆ.). The average annual air temper The purpose of this study was to analyze the rotifer ature is 27–28°C, relative humidity is 80–82%, annual fauna of four water reservoirs in Central Vietnam. precipitation is 1800–2100 mm, and annual evaporation is 1000–1200 mm. Each year has two main seasons, dry and rainy. The rainy season lasts 3–4 months, usually MATERIALS AND METHODS from midSeptember to December, when 70–80% of Four reservoirs in the Khanh Hoa Province (Suoi the annual precipitation falls. In addition, another Trau, Suoi Dau, Kam Lam, and Da Ban) (Fig. 1) were brief rainy season takes place in April and May [21]. studied from January to June 2008. The principal The earliest data on the rotifers of southern and parameters of the waterbodies are given in Table 1. All central Vietnam were provided by Weber (1907) [cited these reservoirs are weakly mineralized (less than from [17]), who indicated that five species had been 100 mg/l); according to the content of chlorophyll а in recorded in the Saigon Province. Shirota’s study [37] the water and photosynthesis intensity (primary pro describes the Rotifera of fresh, brackish, and marine duction), the Suoi Trau Reservoir is eutrophic and the waterbodies of South Vietnam, but, as was noted by others are mesotrophic [21]. Segers [33], some of the species are misidentified (e.g., Zooplankton was studied in the littoral shallow Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott) is misidentified as zone and in the central part of the reservoirs. Samples K. bostoniensis (Rousselet)). Among the rotifers of (volume 64 l) from the surface horizon were taken with Vietnam, Lecanidae is an especially wellstudied fam a bucket; samples from deeper horizons (every 2–4 m; ily [33]. According to a summary of all available data volume 8 l) were taken with a Ruttner sampler. They (Weber, 1907; Shirota, 1966; Segers, 1995: cited from were subsequently filtered through a net (mesh size [33]), the fauna of monogonont rotifers of this country 64 μm) and preserved in 4% formaldehyde. Rotifers were 425 426 ZHDANOVA Hanoi City Da Ban Reservoir Suoi Trau Reservoir Cai River Nha Trang City Suoi Dau Reservoir Khanh Hoa Kam Lam Province Reservoir Ho Chi Minh City Fig. 1. Schematic map of the study area. identified to species by publications [2, 23, 24, 39]. A RESULTS total of 35 quantitative samples were taken and pro A total of 65 species and subspecies belonging to cessed. The morphological variation of some species 22 genera and 15 families of rotifers have been found was analyzed by measuring 15–40 specimens per sam in the studied reservoirs (Table 2). The families espe ple. Rotifers were measured with an eyepiece cially rich in species were Brachionidae (26% of the micrometer under an MBI3 light microscope and checklist), Lecanidae (19%), and Trichocercidae photographed with an Olympus C5060 Wide Zoom (13%). Rotifers were mainly represented by wide camera. The data were statistically processed using spread eurybiont species; the proportion of tropical Statistica 6.0 software. and subtropical forms was 20% of the total number of Table 1. Coordinates and some parameters of reservoirs (from [21]) Reservoir Parameter Suoi Dau Kam Lam Da Ban Suoi Trau 12°10′ 12°06′ 12°38′ 12°30′ Geographic coordinates 109°03′ 109°05′ 109°06′ 109°02′ Area, km2 3 2.9 6.7 0.6 Maximum depth, m 22 18 24 9 Average depth, m 12 4 11 1.5 Transparence, m 1.1 ± 0.2 1.6 ± 0.1 2.3 ± 0.5 0.7 ± 0.1 Mineralization, mg/l 17 ± 2 26 ± 3 11 ± 1 73 ± 4 pH 7.8 ± 0.3 8.1 ± 0.6 8.6 ± 0.1 8.8 ± 0.3 Chlorophyll a, mg/l; 3.5 ± 0.4 5.0 ± 1.0 5.1 ± 0.4 9.9 ± 5.8 Primary production, mg C / (m3 ⋅ day) 171 ± 37 202 ± 55 157 ± 44 548 ± 81 Note: Average values for the period from January to June 2008 are given. Coordinates: above the line, N; below the line, E INLAND WATER BIOLOGY Vol. 4 No. 4 2011 THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ROTIFERS IN THE WATER RESERVOIRS 427 Table 2. Checklist of rotifer species of the studied reservoirs Reservoir Taxon Suoi Trau Suoi Dau Kam Lam Da Ban Fam. Trichocercidae Trichocerca (Diurella) inermis (Linder)* + – – – T. (D.) dixonnuttalli (Jennings)* + – – – T. (D.) similis (Wierzejski) + + – + T. elongata (Gosse)* + – – – T. pusilla (Lauterborn) + – – – T.cylindrica (Imhof) + – – – T. chattoni (De Beauchamp)* – + + + T. capucina (Wierzejski et Zacharias) + + + + T. sp. + – – + Fam. Gastropodidae Ascomorpha ecaudis Perty + – – – Fam. Synchaetidae Synchaeta pectinata Ehrenberg* + + – + Polyarthra luminosa Kutikova* – – + + P. vulgaris Carlin – – + + P. longiremis Carlin* + + – – P. remata Scoricov* + + – – P. major Bruckhardt* – + – – P. sp. + – – – Bipalpus hudsoni (Imhof) + +++ Fam. Dicranoforidae Dicranoforus forcipatus (Müller) + – – – Fam. Asplanchnidae Asplanchna henrietta Langhans* + – – – A. priodonta Gosse – – – + A. sielboldi (Leydig) + – – + Fam. Lecanidae Lecane luna (Müller) luna Müller + – + – L. curvicornis nitida (Murray) + – – – L. papuana (Murray) + – – – L. pusilla Harring et Myers* + – – – L. signifera signifera (Jennings)* + – – – L. hornemanni (Ehrenberg)* + – – – L. nana (Murray)* + – – – L. (Monostyla) goniata (Harring et Myers)* + – – – L. (M.) cornuta rotunda (Fadeev)* – – + – L. (M.) crenata (Harring) + + – – L. (M.) lunaris (Ehrenberg) – – + – L. (M.) bulla bulla (Gosse) + + – – L. (M.) unguitata (Fadeev)* + – – – Fam. Trichotriidae Trichotria similis (Stenroos) + – – – Macrochaetus sericus (Thorpe)* + – – – INLAND WATER BIOLOGY Vol. 4 No. 4 2011 428 ZHDANOVA Table 2. (Contd.) Reservoir Taxon Suoi Trau Suoi Dau Kam Lam Da Ban Fam. Mytilinidae Mytilina ventralis (Ehrenberg) – + – – Fam. Colurellidae Lepadella sp. + – – – Fam. Euchlanidae Diplois sp. + – – – Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg + – + – E. sp. + – – – Fam. Brachionidae Brachionus quadridentatus brevispinus Ehrenberg – – – + B. q. ancylognathus Schmarda + – – – B. bennini Leissling* + – – – B. falcatus falcatus Zacharias ++–– B. bidentata jirovci Bartoš + – – – B. diversicornis diversicornis (Daday) + – – – B. forficula forficula Wierzejski ++++ B. f. minor Voronkov + – – + B. angularis aestivus Skorikov +–+– B. dichotomus reductus Koste et Shiel* +++– B. donneri Brehm* –+–– Platias quadricornis quadricornis (Ehrenberg) + – – – P. patulus (Müller) + – + – Keratella cochlearis robusta (Lauterborn) + – – – K. c. cochlearis (Gosse) –+++ K. tropica tropica (Apstein) + – + – Anureopsis fissa fissa (Gosse) + – – – A. coelata (De Beauchamp)* ++++ Fam. Conochilidae Conochilus hippocrepis (Schrank)* – – – + C. unicornis Rousselet + – – – Fam. Testudinellidae Testudinella patina patina (Hermann) + – – – T. p. intermedia (Anderson) + – – – Fam. Filiniidae Filinia camascela Myers* +++– F. terminalis (Plate)* ++++ F. longiseta (Ehrenberg) + – – – F. sp. + – – – F. (Tetramastix) opoliensis brevispina (Ahlstrom)–++– Fam. Hexarthridae Hexarthra intermedia (Wiszniewski) + – + + H. mira (Hudson) + + – – Note: (+) species present; (–) species absent. * New species for Vietnam. INLAND WATER BIOLOGY Vol. 4 No. 4 2011 THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ROTIFERS IN THE WATER RESERVOIRS 429 Table 3. Morphometric parameters of Filinia camascela (2008) l l l l w w Waterbody or watercourse Date n tot lor la pa lor lor um Source μm Waterbodies
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