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SINGAPORE COUNTRY READER TABLE of CONTENTS Don Carroll

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SINGAPORE COUNTRY READER TABLE of CONTENTS Don Carroll SINGAPORE COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Don Carroll Bliss, Jr. 1929-1932 Commercial Attaché, Singapore James J. Halsema 1949-19 2 Information Officer, USIS, Singapore Joseph N. Greene, Jr. 19 2-19 4 Political Officer, Singapore Mary Chiavarini 19 4-19 Secretary to the Ambassador, Singapore Morris Draper 19 4-19 7 .conomic Officer, Singapore John H. Holdridge 19 6-19 0 Political Officer, Singapore 1alph J. 2atrosh 19 7-1960 4ice Consul, Singapore 6illiam Andreas Brown 1961-1964 Political Officer, Singapore John A. 8acey 1964-196 Consul General, Singapore Charles T. Cross 1969-1971 Ambassador, Singapore 1ichard 8. Stoc:man 1971-1973 Communications Specialist, Singapore 1obert 8. Nichols 1971-1973 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Singapore John H. Holdridge 197 -1970 Ambassador, Singapore .dward C. Ingraham 1977-1979 Deputy Chief of Mission, Singapore Bruce Mal:in 1977-1901 Commercial Officer, Singapore John 1atigan 1979-1902 Consular Officer, Singapore Henry .. T. Thayer 1900-1904 Ambassador, Singapore Alphonse F. 8a Porta 1902-190 Deputy Director, Office of Malaysia, Burma and Singapore Affairs, 6ashington, C Joseph A. B. 6inder 1903-190 Des: Officer for Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei Affairs, 6ashington, DC Daryl Arnold 1907-1909 Ambassador, Singapore 1ichard 6. Teare 1909-1992 Director, Office of Indonesian, Malaysian, Brunei, and Singapore Affairs, 6ashington, DC Jon M. Hunstman, Jr. 1992-1993 Ambassador, Singapore Thomas F. Johnson 1993-1994 Public Affairs Director of AP.C, Singapore DON CARROLL BLISS, JR. Commercial Attach Singapore (1929-1932) Ambassador Bliss was born in Michigan and educated at Dartmouth College. He entered the Foreign Service in 192 , specializing primarily in the Commercial and Economic fields. During his long and distinguished career, the Ambassador served in To(yo, Bombay, Batavia, Ale)andria, Singapore, Prague, Bang(o(, Athens, Cairo, Paris, Calcutta, London, ,ttawa and Addis Ababa, where he was -.S. Ambassador from 19.7 to 1901. These are e)cerpts from a memoir. Crime in the Street Tommy had just emerged from the guest room to join me on the balcony when Superintendent 8ang of the Detective Branch dropped in, as he sometimes did when in the neighborhood at drin:-time. He seemed to li:e Americans, perhaps because in our home he was treated as a human being and social equal, which was more than could be said for a class-conscious colonial society in which a policeman was respected as one of the lower orders. For me the big Yor:shireman was a valued friend and a mine of information about the seamy side of life in Singapore. He had even ta:en me with him more than once on his tours of inspection through the crowded lofts which housed in tiny cubicles the faceless multitudes of coolies, ric:shaw-pullers, stevedores, food-haw:ers and peddlers, complete with their wives and children ? part of my education, he said. Tonight he had brought along Bobbie Fraser in his full uniform as Probationary Inspector of Police. Bobbie explained importantly that he was on duty, tomorrow being May Day when the Hylams were expected to put on a Communist demonstration. ANothing serious, but they mustnBt be allowed to get out of hand, you :now.C As for 8ang, in wrin:led whites after a long day, he didnBt need to say that he was always on duty and that even then the Detective Branch :new exactly where he was. It was pleasantly cool on the top floor of .u Court, a new four-story apartment house ? three stories of flats above ground-floor shops ? built on Orchard 1oad by a Chinese merchant out of his profits from the rubber boom of a few years bac:. 6e were well above the clouds of mosquitos that emerged at nightfall from the shrubbery around the villas in which most .uropeans lived, and we were high enough to catch all the fresh breeDe off the sea. Singapore is practically on the .quator, the sun sets all year round at exactly six oBcloc:, and night falls swiftly. In half an hour the heat of the day is forgotten and the mercury drops twenty degrees. That is the time, doctors say, for a spot of whis:y to tide a man over the change in temperature. Ah Soong stood waiting for orders. Highball for Tommy. Pin: gin for Bobbie. 6hat would the Super li:eE 6his:yE BeerE AThe way I feel tonight IBd li:e a nice pint of bitter out of the :eg. Have you got anything li:e thatEC AOf course not,C I answered, Aand even if there were any I couldnBt abide it. 8ast time I was through 8ondon I tried your famous bitter in a pub and barely got it down, out of politeness. For money you can put it bac: in the horse.C 8ang reared up indignantly. AYou Americans,C he sputtered, drin:ing that poison you call Bourbon, and ginger ale on top of it, and full of iceF A highball, is itE You can have it. Give me a half peg of Scotch and a squirt or two of soda. No ice.C The rattan armchair crea:ed under the big manBs weight as he leaned bac:, long drin: in hand. A6eBve had a spot of luc: this month,C he remar:ed. AOnly one homicide so far, a Chinese floating in the harbor and we donBt :now yet who he was or where he came from. Tommy pric:ed up his ears. Fresh from the States and pigging it with me while my wife was away, he was insatiably curious about the many strange sights and sounds and smells of this polyglot Oriental city, trade center for the tin and rubber and copra and spices of Malaya and the islands of Indonesia. A Crown Colony garrisoned by British troops, it was also a port through which twenty-five or more ships a day passed on their journeys between the Indian Ocean and the China Sea. The policemen were something new and exciting for him, and he was eager with questions. 8ang was in a :indly mood, rather flattered by the attention, and happy to give us a notion of what it was li:e to :eep the peace in a city of half a million people, mostly Chinese, with fringes of Malays from upcountry and Tamils from South India and a smattering of strays from every country in the world, all governed under the benign jurisdiction of the Colonial Office in the name of His Britannic Majesty. AActually,C 8ang continued, Awe have to deal with about five homicides month, on the average. The records show exactly sixty cases in 1929 and sixty in 1930G if we :eep the figure under that weBll be doing well in 1931. 6e donBt solve all of them by a long shot, the way they do in detective stories. 6ho can identify a low-class Chinese coolie, beaten up and clubbed to death, much less point a finger at who did it or whyE Maybe his friends can tell us something about a Malay taxi-driver found stabbed on a bac: road, but not much about the man who :nifed him and dropped out of sight upcountry. One way we hold down the violence is by :eeping guns out of the hands of all nativesG they canBt buy one anywhere in the Straits Settlements and anyone caught with a gun on him gets an automatic jail sentence. Any weapon li:e that has necessarily been smuggled in from outside.C The second round of drin:s was now in hand and Ah Soong had been told that dinner would be late. Tommy wanted to :now why he couldnBt find a single night-club in Singapore, by which he meant a place where he could dance into the small hours and maybe pic: up a girl. AThere arenBt any, of course. Curfew at midnight, you :now. This isnBt Shanghai. Some of the young people li:e you always want to go on after the dancing pac:s up at the 1affles, but youBd have to go to somebodyBs house for a nightcap or else ta:e a ric:shaw to the .gg Club for fried eggs and a cup of coffee. The .gg Club is what they call it, but itBs nothing more than a collection of trestle tables and benches, charcoal stoves and Coleman lamps, set up in the open air in the middle of a bac: street. Illegal, of course, and we donBt let them stay in the same street more than one night, but the ric:shaw coolies always :now where it is when you go loo:ing for it. 6e turn a blind eyeG the neighborhood doesnBt often complain about the nuisance and the youngsters could get into a lot more trouble than that. AOpium densE You must be thin:ing of tales about Chinatown in San Francisco. Here, the opium business is controlled by the Straits Government, in Penang and Malacca as well as Singapore, and all addicts are registered. They have to smo:e their pipes on Government premises and they get a daily quota thatBs supposed to be within their means but enough to :eep then happy, and they go on with it for years. Prices are fixed to give the government a nice bit of revenue out of it. The Super continued on a graver note. The biggest problem for the Detective Branch is the gambling, and we go all out on that. 6eBre convinced that itBs the root cause of a great deal of thieving as well as most of the armed robbery and the li:e.
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