Horticulture & Photobiology Plant Light Matters
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Horticulture & Photobiology Plant Light Matters Ryan Tucker, Ph.D., P.Eng. CEO, G2V Optics Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Food & Energy Insecurity Food Energy By 2050 we’ll need to feed an U.S. Energy Information Administration estimated two billion more people. (EIA) projects nearly 50% increase in world energy use by 2050. Lighting Indoor| Monitoring growing | Data platform Science | Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritectureg2voptics.com G2V creates enabling technologies to Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Lighting, Monitoring, Data Science Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Is Essential For Plant Growth Plants have evolved mechanisms based on the sunlight available in their macro and micro locations. Any sole source and supplementary horticulture lighting should be targeting these mechanisms. So, to examine Photobiology, let’s first understand sunlight. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture TITLE G-type Main Sequence Star (G2V) Enter body text here. 5,800 K Blackbody 1.39 Million Kilometers from Earth 73.46 % Hydrogen 24.85 % Helium 0.77 % Oxygen 0.29 % Carbon 0.16 % Iron 0.12 % Neon 0.09 % Nitrogen 0.07 % Silicon 0.05 % Magnesium 0.04 %Sulphur Reference Wikipedia Lighting Indoor| Monitoring growing | Data platform Science | Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritectureg2voptics.com Irradiance Dependent On LOCATION SEASON TIME OF DAY Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Each area is able to produce their own unique crops because of the environmental and solar conditions. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light drives photosynthesis. VARIABLES Intensity Duration Quality Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light drives photosynthesis. VARIABLES MECHANISMS Intensity Growth Rate Duration Growth Mode Quality Signaling Secondary Modes Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light drives photosynthesis. VARIABLES MECHANISMS OUTCOMES Intensity Growth Rate Morphology (shape) Duration Growth Mode Biomass (yield) Quality Signaling Stage & Composition (flowers, fruits, leaves) Secondary Modes Harvest Time (faster growth) Chemistry (nutrients, taste, texture) Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Intensity Irradiance, Power, Intensity, Brightness W/m2, Lumens, Lux, “PAR” PPFD Photosynthetic photon flux density μmol/m²/s Light intensity or how densely packed light is with photons is measured in micromoles per meter square per second. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Duration DLI Daily Light Integral moles/m²/day Describes the number of photosynthetically active photons that are delivered to a specific area over a 24-hour period. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Duration DLI Daily Light Integral moles/m²/day Describes the number of photosynthetically active photons that are delivered to a specific area over a 24-hour period. Image source: https://www.maximumyield.com/the-daily-light-integral-chart-understanding-your-plants-ppfd-photoperiod-requirements/2/17663 Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Quality 400 nm - 700 nm (PAR) is the typical range for photosynthesis but scientific evidence and patents showing outside that range can activate other photo* responses. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Quality Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Quality Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Quality Each crop species responds a little bit differently to light (intensity, quality and duration) that will maximize photosynthesis and provide different outcomes. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Plant Mechanisms Growth Rate, Mode, Signaling Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Shape - Photomorphogenesis Across virtually all species, light qualify affects: • Plant height, stem size • Leaf size, shape, number • Flower size, shape, number • Fruit size, shape, number Example with Sweet Bell Peppers: Up to 3x fruit number Image source: Naznin et al. Plants 2019 https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/4/93/htm Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Shape - Photomorphogenesis Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Nutrients - Photochemistry R 16hr B 16hr RB 8hr R/RB/B 4hr 4hr 4hr R/B (4hr) 4hr 4hr 4hr 4hr R/B (1hr) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Image source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43498-8.pdf Lighting | Monitoring1 | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Nutrients - Photochemistry Aroma & Taste Relative content of Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Myricetin, Orientin, and Vicenin Image source: https://journals.ashs.org/jashs/view/journals/jashs/145/1/article-p18.xml Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Weight – Biomass Yield - increased root mass, stem size, needle density G2V Optics Proprietary Data - lower root mass, stem size, needle density Under consistent photoperiod & DLI, changing spectrum & intensity over time to maximize fundamental photobiology mechanisms Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Harvest – Photoperiodism Photoperiodic response A response to the length of the day and/or season(s) by modifying plant physiological processes like seed and bud dormancy, flowering and leaf maintenance. These responses to trigger flowering are perceived by leaves and a single leaf can trigger the response. Image source: http://www.brainkart.com/article/Photoperiodism_33144/ Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light matters to plant outcomes. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Intelligent control of light enables control of plant outcomes. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture G2V Optics ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture For Indoor Farming ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ Platform Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT ™ P L A T F O R M COMMAND Commercially-viable real-time spectral adjustment. • High efficiency • Integrated control • Adjustment at constant intensity G2V Optics 7-channel LED control Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ PLATFORM CAPTURE Capture collects the real-time imagery & data from canopy and environment advanced sensor pods. The data captured gives us information relevant to plant growth and environmental control. G2V Optics Computer Vision Data Capturing Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ PLATFORM CONTROL Control is the hub between the real- time data captured, the cloud database, and the command of the Engineered Sunlight™ platform. Create your own light recipes with G2V Optics Control interface. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ PLATFORM CLOUD In our secure Cloud services, we use plant photobiology & A B genetic datasets combined with machine learning and plant growth algorithms to deliver improved crop outcomes. A – RGB Image capture. B – Computer vision data capture. Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture For Indoor Farming ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ Platform Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Research & Commercial Plant Outcomes Tissue Culture & Propagation Nursery (Silviculture, Ornamental plants) High Value Crops (Medicinal/Cannabis, Spices, Botan i c a l s ) Greenhouse, Indoor & Vertical Facilities Preservation Data Science Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Thank You www.g2voptics.com @g2voptics #engineerthesun.