Horticulture & Photobiology Plant Light Matters

Ryan Tucker, Ph.D., P.Eng. CEO, G2V Optics

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Food & Energy Insecurity

Food Energy By 2050 we’ll need to feed an U.S. Energy Information Administration estimated two billion more people. (EIA) projects nearly 50% increase in world energy use by 2050.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Lighting, Monitoring, Data Science

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Is Essential For Plant Growth

Plants have evolved mechanisms based on the sunlight available in their macro and micro locations.

Any sole source and supplementary horticulture lighting should be targeting these mechanisms.

So, to examine Photobiology, let’s first understand sunlight.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture TITLE

G-type Main Sequence Star (G2V) Enter body text here.

5,800 K Blackbody 1.39 Million Kilometers from Earth

73.46 % Hydrogen 24.85 % Helium 0.77 % Oxygen 0.29 % Carbon 0.16 % Iron 0.12 % Neon 0.09 % Nitrogen 0.07 % Silicon 0.05 % Magnesium 0.04 %Sulphur

Reference Wikipedia

LOCATION

SEASON

TIME OF DAY

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Each area is able to produce their own unique crops because of the environmental and solar conditions.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light drives photosynthesis.

VARIABLES

Intensity Duration Quality

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light drives photosynthesis.

VARIABLES MECHANISMS

Intensity Growth Rate Duration Growth Mode Quality Signaling Secondary Modes

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light drives photosynthesis.

VARIABLES MECHANISMS OUTCOMES

Intensity Growth Rate Morphology (shape) Duration Growth Mode Biomass (yield) Quality Signaling Stage & Composition (flowers, fruits, leaves) Secondary Modes Harvest Time (faster growth) Chemistry (nutrients, taste, texture)

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Intensity

Irradiance, Power, Intensity, Brightness W/m2, Lumens, Lux, “PAR” PPFD Photosynthetic photon flux density

μmol/m²/s

Light intensity or how densely packed light is with photons is measured in micromoles per meter square per second.

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DLI Daily Light Integral

moles/m²/day

Describes the number of photosynthetically active photons that are delivered to a specific area over a 24-hour period.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Duration

DLI Daily Light Integral

moles/m²/day

Describes the number of photosynthetically active photons that are delivered to a specific area over a 24-hour period.

Image source: https://www.maximumyield.com/the-daily-light-integral-chart-understanding-your-plants-ppfd-photoperiod-requirements/2/17663 Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Quality

400 nm - 700 nm (PAR) is the typical range for photosynthesis but scientific evidence and patents showing outside that range can activate other photo* responses.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Quality

Each crop species responds a little bit differently to light (intensity, quality and duration) that will maximize photosynthesis and provide different outcomes.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Plant Mechanisms Growth Rate, Mode, Signaling

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Shape - Photomorphogenesis

Across virtually all species, light qualify affects: • Plant height, stem size • Leaf size, shape, number • Flower size, shape, number • Fruit size, shape, number

Example with Sweet Bell Peppers: Up to 3x fruit number

Image source: Naznin et al. Plants 2019 https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/4/93/htm

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Shape - Photomorphogenesis

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Nutrients - Photochemistry

R 16hr B 16hr RB 8hr R/RB/B 4hr 4hr 4hr R/B (4hr) 4hr 4hr 4hr 4hr R/B (1hr) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Image source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43498-8.pdf Lighting | Monitoring1 | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Nutrients - Photochemistry

Aroma & Taste Relative content of Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Myricetin, Orientin, and Vicenin

Image source: https://journals.ashs.org/jashs/view/journals/jashs/145/1/article-p18.xml Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Weight – Biomass Yield

- increased root mass, stem size, needle density

G2V Optics Proprietary Data

- lower root mass, stem size, needle density

Under consistent photoperiod & DLI, changing spectrum & intensity over time to maximize fundamental photobiology mechanisms

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light Outcome Plant Harvest – Photoperiodism

Photoperiodic response A response to the length of the day and/or season(s) by modifying plant physiological processes like seed and bud dormancy, flowering and leaf maintenance.

These responses to trigger flowering are perceived by leaves and a single leaf can trigger the response.

Image source: http://www.brainkart.com/article/Photoperiodism_33144/

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Light matters to plant outcomes.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Intelligent control of light enables control of plant outcomes.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture G2V Optics ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture For Indoor Farming ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ Platform

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT ™ P L A T F O R M COMMAND

Commercially-viable real-time spectral adjustment. • High efficiency • Integrated control • Adjustment at constant intensity

G2V Optics 7-channel LED control

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ PLATFORM CAPTURE

Capture collects the real-time imagery & data from canopy and environment advanced sensor pods.

The data captured gives us information relevant to plant growth and environmental control.

G2V Optics Computer Vision Data Capturing

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ PLATFORM CONTROL

Control is the hub between the real- time data captured, the cloud database, and the command of the Engineered Sunlight™ platform.

Create your own light recipes with G2V Optics Control interface.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ PLATFORM CLOUD

In our secure Cloud services, we use plant photobiology & A B genetic datasets combined with machine learning and plant growth algorithms to deliver improved crop outcomes.

A – RGB Image capture. B – Computer vision data capture.

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture For Indoor Farming ENGINEERED SUNLIGHT™ Platform

Lighting | Monitoring | Data Science g2voptics.com/agritecture Research & Commercial Plant Outcomes

Tissue Culture & Propagation Nursery (Silviculture, Ornamental plants) High Value Crops (Medicinal/Cannabis, Spices, Botan i c a l s ) Greenhouse, Indoor & Vertical Facilities Preservation Data Science

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Thank You