DOCSLIB.ORG

Pre-Impact Braking Influence on the Standard Seat-Belted and Motorized Seat-Belted Occupants in Frontal Collisions Based on Anth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pre-Impact Braking Influence on the Standard Seat-Belted and Motorized Seat-Belted Occupants in Frontal Collisions Based on Anth IRC-11-72 Ircobi Conference 2011 Pre‐impact Braking Influence on the Standard Seat‐belted and Motorized Seat‐belted Occupants in Frontal Collisions based on Anthropometric Test Dummy Susumu Ejima1, Daisuke Ito1, Jacobo Antona1, Yoshihiro Sukegawa1, Hisao Ito1 Abstract The posture of a driver is varied according to age, gender and physique. In addition, this posture further changes just before the collision, due to a driver’s evasive maneuvers. In reality, it is difficult for drivers to maintain the standard posture of the Anthropomorphic Test Dummy (ATD). Therefore, it is predicted that these behavioral differences before frontal collisions affect the gravity of injuries suffered by the occupant. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of braking just before the collision in the frontal impact test with a dummy while considering the effect of the belt‐restraint system. Keywords Pre‐crash, Sled, Occupants, Restraint Systems, Anthropometric Test Dummy I. INTRODUCTION In this research, the effect of occupant protection systems is evaluated by tests with an ATD applying the pre‐crash conditions. So far, such evaluation was usually done by computer models [1] because it was difficult to reconstruct the circumstances of the pre‐crash phase in the laboratory. However, it is now possible to evaluate the effects of leading‐edge safety devices such as the smart‐restraint system and the adaptive‐restraint system by way of laboratory experiment. Therefore, the authors propose the experimental effect evaluation method with the test sled that can incorporate the influence of braking in the pre‐crash phase. In this experimental system, the barrier test which was employed in the traditional frontal impact tests was improved so that a crash stop could be given just before the collision against the barrier. The ATD for the effect evaluation of occupant protection devices was also improved so that it could replicate the driver’s behavior at the time of a low‐impact collision. In the experiment in which the mass‐produced three‐point seat belt (SB) was fitted to the improved ATD, it was confirmed that braking in the pre‐crash phase enhances the impact forces on the chest and pelvis. In addition, for the effect evaluation of the occupant protection devices, a motorized seat belt (MSB) which was equipped with a motor in the retractor was employed as a device to retract the webbing for restraining the posture at the time of braking. II. METHODS Development of Pre‐Crash Sled System The objective of the development of the pre‐crash sled is to assess the pre‐crash behavior of the driver and the influence on the driver after the collision either when the occupant protection device such as the MSB coupled with pre‐crash brake is activated or when the driver steps on the brake pedal. Figure 1 shows the Rigid Barrier Impact absorber Fixed Cylinder Pipe (Aluminum） barrier Pre-crash sled Braking Running time Cutting off from the pulling unit Crash (Pulling by the wire) ECE Velocity corridor Up to 1G Deceleration Fig. 1. Concept of crash experiment with pre‐impact Fig. 2. Pre‐impact braking sled apparatus braking - 301 - IRC-11-72 Ircobi Conference 2011 concept of the crash experiment with the pre‐crash sled system. This pre‐crash sled (Figure 2) is a decelerating sled with a braking system, and the experiment is done on the rail for a frontal collision. In this experiment, the pre‐crash sled is tugged by the pulling unit of the collision test facility until it reaches the prescribed running speed. Then the sled is released at the setup point from the pulling unit. Finally the sled is impacted with braking deceleration against the shock absorber in front of the fixed barrier. In this test, the pre‐crash sled was running at the speed of 67 km/h, braking started with 0.8 G, and after around 0.873 seconds, the sled collided at the speed of 48 km/h. It is necessary to reconstruct the driver’s posture change caused by pre‐crash braking by means of a dummy. In this experiment, Hybrid 3 is employed as the dummy for the impact test. Before the experiment, an impact simulating the harsh braking was given to the dummy, and the forward‐bending behavior of the dummy was compared with the data from the volunteer tests. As a result, the forward‐bending characteristics of the dummy were improved by changing the mechanical property of the lumber rubber tube. Because muscle reaction is not considered in the dummy, the results of the lower‐impact frontal collision volunteer test in a relaxed state were employed [2]. In this test, a constant acceleration 8.0m/s2 (duration 600ms) was given to the 4 male volunteers using the horizontal sled. In order to compare the forward‐bending behavior with that of the driver, a lower‐impact test was implemented with the dummy under the same conditions as the volunteer test. Figure 3 shows the experiment apparatus. The biofidelity evaluation of the flexion features of the dummy was done by the comparison between the volunteers and the dummy by using the flexion angle history of the upper torso against the thighs in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows the comparison of the time history of the flexion angles between the dummy and the volunteers. The flexion features of the 4 volunteers are indicated by their corridors (dotted gray line: ±1SD) and the flexion feature of the improved dummy with the thick black line, while the normal features of the dummy are indicated by the thin gray line. Compared with the dummy with the original lumbar feature, the dummy with the improved lumbar feature indicates better flexion angle, and the maximum flexion angle and the angle history are close to those of the volunteers. As a result of this improvement of the lumbar feature of the dummy, it became possible to reconstruct the forward‐bending behavior of the human torso at the time of braking. 50 HY-3 45 T1 HY-3 (Modified Lumber) T1 40 Volunteer Corridor +SD 35 Volunteer Corridor -SD 30 25 20 Knee Angle[deg] Knee 15 10 Hip 5 Hip 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time[ms] Fig. 3. Pre‐impact simulation sled illustrating the flexion Fig. 4. Time history of the flexion angle of the angle upper body with respect to the femoral region Japan Automobile Research Institute, 2530 Karima, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan, 305‐0822 Tel:+81‐29‐856‐0883, Fax: +81‐29‐856‐1135 e‐mail: [email protected] - 302 - IRC-11-72 Ircobi Conference 2011 Test Scenario In order to examine the influence of the braking in Scenario 1 Restraint System the pre‐crash phase, three tests are implemented Speed: 67 km/h Speed at Crash: 48 km/h employing mass‐produced seat belts. In this Mass-produced 0.8 G research, three scenarios shown in Figure 5 were Seatbelt established focusing on the influence of braking Scenario 2 and the effect of the motorized seat belt. The Speed: 67 km/h Speed at Crash: 48 km/h details of the scenarios are as follows: a) Scenario 1 (With‐braking (SB)): The running 0.8 G Motorized Seatbelt speed of the sled is decelerated from 67 km/h to 48 km/h by braking, and then the sled Scenario 3 collides against the barrier with the SB. Speed: 48 km/h Speed at Crash: 48 km/h b) Scenario 2 (With‐braking (MSB)): The running Mass-produced speed of the sled is decelerated from 67 km/h Seatbelt to 48 km/h by braking, and then the sled Fig. 5. Test Scenarios collides against the barrier with the MSB. c) Scenario 3 (Without‐braking (SB)): The sled collides against the barrier at the speed of 48 km/h with SB. III. RESULTS Figure 6 shows the comparison of the dummy’s posture change in Scenarios 1 and 2. The posture control effect of the MSB is shown by comparing the seating postures, which were measured by the high‐speed camera. Figure 6(a) indicates the dummy’s seating posture with the representative points of each part of the body. In addition, the stick‐figures indicate the amount of the movement at every 20ms from the time of braking in Figure 6(b) and (c). The "Braking Start" (‐873ms) indicates the posture at the starting time of braking while the "Target Marker Posture" indicates the posture at the time of collision (0ms). In Figure 6(b), the dummy’s torso at the time of collision is bending due to the inertial force, which is different from its posture at the time of “Braking Start”. On the other hand, it can be confirmed that because the MSB’s activation is synchronized with the starting time of braking, the dummy’s posture is similar to its initial seating posture at the time of collision against the barrier (Figure 6(c): 0ms). In addition, the MSB worked effectively on the dummy’s posture change because the amount of posture change of the dummy with the MSB at around 60ms is smaller than that of the dummy with the SB. This figure also indicates the difference of the dummy’s behavior on the head‐CG and the chest, which shows rather big motions in a frontal collision. By activating the MSB at the time of 0ms, head‐CG and chest are located on the right side compared with the SB. Since the amount of forward movement (X‐direction) is also restrained by the MSB, it can be expected that the driver can maintain the distance between his/her head and the steering wheel until the time of the collision and thereby occupant protection devices such as the airbag can work effectively.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GS350 OM OM30D41U (U) Pictorial Index for Safety and Security 2 Instrument Cluster Operation of Each Component 4 Driving 5 Inter
    Pictorial index Search by illustration For safety 1 Make sure to read through them and security How to read the gauges and meters, the variety of 2 Instrument cluster warning lights and indicators, etc. Operation of each 3 Opening and closing the doors and windows, component adjustment before driving, etc. 4 Driving Operations and advices which are necessary for driving 5 Interior features Usage of the interior features, etc. Maintenance 6 Caring for your vehicle and maintenance procedures and care When trouble 7 What to do in case of malfunction or emergency arises Vehicle 8 Vehicle specifications, customizable features, etc. specifications Reporting safety defects for U.S. owners, and seat belt, 9 For owners SRS airbag and headlight aim instructions for Canadian owners Search by symptom Index Search alphabetically GS350_OM_OM30D41U_(U) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS For your information...................................8 2 Instrument cluster Reading this manual...................................12 How to search..............................................13 Pictorial index...............................................14 2. Instrument cluster Warning lights 1 For safety and security and indicators...............................76 Gauges and meters.......................81 1-1. For safe use Multi-information display..........84 Before driving................................. 26 Head-up display............................ 92 For safety drive...............................28 Operation of each 3 Seat belts..........................................30
    [Show full text]
  • Lives Saved Calculations for Seat Belts and Frontal Air Bags This Publication Is Distributed by the U.S
    DOT HS 811 206 December 2009 Lives Saved Calculations for Seat Belts and Frontal Air Bags This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. If trade or manufacturers’ names or products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 811 206 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Lives Saved Calculations for Seat Belts and Frontal Air Bags December 2009 6. Performing Organization Code NVS-421 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Glassbrenner, Donna, Ph.D., and Starnes, Marc 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Mathematical Analysis Division, National Center for Statistics and Analysis National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 11. Contract or Grant No. NVS-421, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE. Washington, DC 20590 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Mathematical Analysis Division, National Center for Statistics and Analysis NHTSA Technical Report National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NVS-421, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE. 14.
    [Show full text]
  • SAFETY INFORMATION Your Safety—And the Safety of Others—Is Very Important, and Operating This Vehicle Safely Is an Important Responsibility
    SAFETY SAFETY INFORMATION Your safety—and the safety of others—is very important, and operating this vehicle safely is an important responsibility. While we strive to help you make informed decisions about safety, it is not practical or possible to warn you about all the hazards associated with operating or maintaining your vehicle. Therefore, you must use your own good judgment. n Important Safety Information This guide explains many of your vehicle’s safety features and how to use them. Please read this information carefully. Following the instructions below will also help to keep you and your passengers safe. n Important Safety Precautions • Always wear your seat belt. • Be aware of airbag hazards. • Don’t drink and drive. • Pay appropriate attention to the task of driving safely. • Do not leave children unattended in the vehicle. • Control your speed. • Keep your vehicle in safe condition. Engaging in cell phone conversation or other activities that keep you from paying close attention to the road, other vehicles, and pedestrians could lead to a crash. Remember, situations can change quickly, and only you can decide when it is safe to divert some attention away from driving. SAFETY Your vehicle is not recommended for child passengers. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Transport Canada recommend that all children ages 12 and under be properly restrained in a back seat. Since this vehicle does not have a back seat, we strongly recommend that you do not carry any child who is not large enough and mature enought to ride in front. n Safety Messages When you see the following messages throughout this guide, pay close attention.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Nissan Armada | Owner's Manual and Maintenance
    2017 NISSAN ARMADA 2017 ARMADA OWNER’S MANUAL and MAINTENANCE INFORMATION Printing: August 2016 (03) Y62-D Publication No.: OM17E0 0Y62U1 Printed in U.S.A. For your safety, read carefully and keep in this vehicle. T00UM-5ZW1D Y62-D MODIFICATION OF YOUR VEHI- WHEN READING THE MANUAL in this Owner’s Manual for contact information. CLE This manual includes information for all IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT features and equipment available on this THIS MANUAL This vehicle should not be modified. model. Features and equipment in your Modification could affect its performance, You will see various symbols in this manual. They vehicle may vary depending on model, trim are used in the following ways: safety or durability, and may even violate level, options selected, order, date of governmental regulations. In addition, production, region or availability. There- damage or performance problems result- fore, you may find information about WARNING ing from modification will not be covered features or equipment that are not in- under the NISSAN warranties. cluded or installed on your vehicle. This is used to indicate the presence of All information, specifications and illustrations in a hazard that could cause death or this manual are those in effect at the time of serious personal injury. To avoid or WARNING printing. NISSAN reserves the right to change reduce the risk, the procedures must specifications, performance, design or compo- be followed precisely. Installing an aftermarket On-Board Di- nent suppliers without notice and without agnostic (OBD) plug-in device that uses obligation. From time to time, NISSAN may the port during normal driving, for update or revise this manual to provide owners CAUTION example remote insurance company with the most accurate information currently monitoring, remote vehicle diagnostics, available.
    [Show full text]
  • Altroz.Tatamotors.Com
    11189812 TATA-A-OWNER’S MANUAL Cover page 440 mm X 145 mm OWNER’S MANUAL Call us:1-800-209-7979 Mail us: [email protected] Visit us: service.tatamotors.com 5442 5840 9901 Developed by: Technical Literature Cell,ERC. altroz.tatamotors.com OWNER’S MANUAL CUSTOMER ASSISTANCE In our constant endeavour to provide assistance and complete You can also approach nearest TATA MOTORS dealer. A sepa- service backup, TATA MOTORS has established an all India cus- rate Dealer network address booklet is provided with the tomer assistance centre. Owner’s manual. In case you have a query regarding any aspect of your vehicle, TATA MOTORS’ 24X7 Roadside Assistance Program offers tech- our Customer Assistance Centre will be glad to assist you on nical help in the event of a breakdown. Call the toll-free road- our Toll Free no. 1800 209 7979 side assistance helpline number. For additional information, refer to "24X7 Roadside Assis- tance" section in the Owner’s manual. ii Dear Customer, Welcome to the TATA MOTORS family. We congratulate you on the purchase of your new vehicle and we are privileged to have you as our valued customer. We urge you to read this Owner's Manual carefully and familiarize yourself with the equipment descriptions and operating instruc- tions before driving. Always carry out prescribed service/maintenance work as well as any required repairs at an authorized TATA MOTORS Dealers or Authorized Service Centre’s (TASCs). Use only genuine parts for continued reliability, safety and performance of your vehicle. You are welcome to contact our dealer or Customer Assistance toll free no.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.To Release the Seat Belt, Push the "PRESS" Button in the Buckle; the Belt Should Retract Automatically When Released
    3.To release the seat belt, push the "PRESS" button in the buckle; the belt should retract automatically when released. If the belt does not fully retract, pull it out and check for kinks or twists. CAUTION: Make sure both rear shoulder belts are positioned in front of the rear seat-backs whenever the seat-backs are in their upright position. Rear Center Seat Belt Adjust the center lap belt length to fit snugly but comfortably when buckled. A slack belt will greatly reduce the protection afforded to the wearer. Hold the tongue plate perpendicular to the belt as shown. * To shorten, pull the end of the belt away from the tongue plate. * To lengthen, pull the tongue plate. Push the tongue plate into the buckle until it clicks locked and position the belt across your lap, not your abdomen, as low on your hips as possible. If worn across your abdomen, pressure of the seat belt on your abdomen may increase the extent of injury in the event of an accident. TONGUE PLATE BUCKLE To shorten To lengthen (cont'd) Seat Belts (cont'd) Fasten Seat Belt Warning Light and Warning Beeper Lap Belt Warning Indicator: Both the light and the warning beeper will go on for about six seconds if the ignition switch is turned on when the driver's lap belt is not fastened. The beeper will not go on if the driver's lap belt is fastened, but the warning light will come on for about six seconds each time, to remind the driver to have passengers put their belts on.
    [Show full text]
  • Responses with Any Circled Should Be Brought to the Attention of The
    8. MIRRORS, NECK MOBILITY AND BLIND SPOT DATE PARTICIPANT # VEHICLE MAKE, MODEL & YEAR Proper mirror position is important to safe driving in order to see all around the vehicle. Mobility of the head, neck and trunk enable a driver to check for blind spots on both sides of the vehicle before merging or changing lanes. Can the driver identify the volunteer’s cue using the LEFT side view mirror? Yes No Was driver wearing seatbelt when they arrived at event? Y N NA Can the driver identify the volunteer’s cue using the RIGHT side view mirror? Yes No Can the driver identify the volunteer’s cue using the REARVIEW mirror? Yes No If no, review mirror control locations and offer tips for gradual adjustment of mirrors. Responses with any circled should be brought to the attention of the occupational therapist (OT) or driving rehabilitation specialist at Is neck rotation adequate to see cue in blind spot area by looking over LEFT shoulder? Yes Yes checkout. If an OT is not available, refer to the CarFit Local Resource Guide for information and local resources. Is neck rotation adequate to see cue in blind spot area by looking over RIGHT shoulder? Yes Yes 1. DRIVER OF VEHICLE: “Welcome to CarFit. For the next 20 minutes we look forward to reviewing your vehicle’s safety features and If no, review mirror control locations. providing education that supports your comfort and safety in your vehicle.” Remind the driver that when more than one person operates a 9. HOW MIRRORS WORK TOGETHER vehicle, seat position, steering wheel tilt, and mirror positions may differ.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020-Nissan-Murano-Owner-Manual
    2020 MURANO OWNER’S MANUAL and MAINTENANCE INFORMATION For your safety, read carefully and keep in this vehicle. OWNER’S MANUAL SUPPLEMENT The information contained within this supplement revises or adds to “UNAVAILABLE FRONT RADAR OBSTRUCTION MESSAGE” of the “Instruments and controls” and “Starting and driv- ing” section in the NISSAN 2020 Murano Owner’s Manual. Please read carefully and keep in vehicle. Printing: October 2019 Publication No. SU20EA 0Z52U0 LIC4354 VEHICLE INFORMATION DISPLAY WARNINGS AND INDICATORS 1. Push brake and start switch to drive 19. Power will turn off to save the battery 34. Speed Limit Sign indicator (if so equipped) 2. No Key Detected 20. Power turned off to save the battery 35. Lane Departure Warning (LDW)/ Intelli- 3. Shift to Park 21. Reminder: Turn OFF Headlights gent Lane Intervention (I-LI) indicator (if 4. Key Battery Low 22. Driver Attention Alert Take a Break? so equipped) 5. Engine start operation for Intelligent Key 23. Driver Attention Alert Malfunction 36. Unavailable High Cabin Temperature (if system (if I-Key battery level is low) so equipped) 24. Cruise control indicator (if so equipped) 6. Key ID Incorrect 37. Currently Unavailable (if so equipped) 25. Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) indica- 7. Release Parking Brake tors (if so equipped) 38. Unavailable Road is Slippery (if so equipped) 8. Low Fuel 26. Transmission Shift Position indicator 39. Rear Automatic Braking (RAB) indicator 9. Low Washer Fluid 27. Blind Spot Warning (BSW) and Rear (if so equipped) Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA) indicator (if so 10. Door/liftgate Open equipped) 40. Vehicle ahead detection indicator 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Factors Research on Seat Belt Assurance Systems DISCLAIMER
    DOT HS 812 838 February 2020 Human Factors Research On Seat Belt Assurance Systems DISCLAIMER This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade or manufacturers’ names are mentioned, it is only because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Suggested APA Format Citation: Bao, S., Funkhouser, D., Buonarosa, M. L., Gilbert, M., LeBlanc, D., & Ward, N. (2020, February). Human factors research on seat belt assurance systems (Report No. DOT HS 812 838). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 812 838 Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Human Factors Research on Seat Belt Assurance Systems February 2020 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report No. Shan Bao, Dillon Funkhouser, Mary Lynn Buonarosa, Mark Gilbert, Dave LeBlanc, all UMTRI, and Nicholas Ward, Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute 11. Contract or Grant No. 2901 Baxter Road DTNH22-11-D-00236, Task Order Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150 #13 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Road Safety - Safety Restraints
    Road safety - Safety restraints The use of seat-belts has been one of the most In low-income and middle-income countries effective road safety measures ever imple- usage rates are generally much lower: mented, saving more lives than any other — In Kenya, a study found that only 1% of car intervention. The lack or inappropriate use of occupants injured in crashes were wearing seat-belts and other safety restraints (child seats seat-belts. and booster seats) have been shown to be risk — In Argentina, only 26% of front-seat passen- factors for the fatalities and injuries that result gers in Buenos Aires wear seat-belts. from road crashes. Failure to use seat-belts is a major contributing factor to road fatalities. The effectiveness of SEAT-BELT WEARING seat-belts depends upon the type and severity of the crash and the seating position of the Rates of seat-belt use vary between countries, passenger. depending on the existence and enforcement Correctly used seat-belts reduce the risk of of laws: death in a crash by approximately 61%. — In 1995, front-seat wearing rates in European — Seat-belt usage is substantially lower in fatal Union countries ranged from 52% to 92%, crashes than in normal traffic. For example, and rear-seat wearing rates from 9% to 80%. about 90% of drivers in Finland wear seat- — In the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, belts, while driver seat-belt wearing in fatal the use of seat-belts among vehicle drivers collisions is about 55%. rose incrementally from around 70% in — Seat-belts are most effective in roll-over 1988 to more than 90% in 1994, while belt crashes and frontal collisions, and in lower use among front-seat passengers remained speed crashes.
    [Show full text]
  • Owners Manual
    19_GMC_Sierra_Sierra_Denali_COV_en_US_23400205A_2018MAY17.ai 1 5/8/2018 3:00:43 PM 2019 Sierra/Sierra Denali 2019 Sierra/Sierra C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner’s Manual 23400205 A GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/ Mexico-1500-11698638) - 2019 - crc - 5/15/18 Contents Introduction . 2 In Brief . 5 Keys, Doors, and Windows . 30 Seats and Restraints . 67 Storage . 125 Instruments and Controls . 129 Lighting . 176 Infotainment System . 187 Climate Controls . 188 Driving and Operating . 196 Vehicle Care . 311 Service and Maintenance . 413 Technical Data . 429 Customer Information . 433 Reporting Safety Defects . 443 OnStar . 447 Connected Services . 455 Index . 459 GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/ Mexico-1500-11698638) - 2019 - crc - 5/15/18 2 Introduction Introduction This manual describes features that Propriétaires Canadiens may or may not be on the vehicle On peut obtenir un exemplaire de because of optional equipment that ce guide en français auprès du was not purchased on the vehicle, concessionnaire ou à l'adresse model variants, country suivante: specifications, features/applications that may not be available in your Helm, Incorporated region, or changes subsequent to Attention: Customer Service the printing of this owner’s manual. 47911 Halyard Drive Plymouth, MI 48170 The names, logos, emblems, If the vehicle has the Duramax USA slogans, vehicle model names, and diesel engine, see the Duramax vehicle body designs appearing in diesel supplement for additional and this manual including, but not limited specific information on this engine. Using this Manual to, GM, the GM logo, GMC, the To quickly locate information about GMC Truck Emblem, SIERRA, and Refer to the purchase documentation relating to your the vehicle, use the Index in the DENALI are trademarks and/or back of the manual.
    [Show full text]
  • GPS Based Seat Belt Monitoring System & Method for Using Same
    ( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent 5,877,707 Kowalick March 2, 1999 GPS based seat belt monitoring system & method for using same Abstract The present invention consists of a seat belt usage monitoring system which strongly encourages seat belt usage by providing a GPS receiver; a system for detecting seat belt usage by the driver and/or occupants of a vehicle which consists of a infrared emitter and receiver with retro-reflective material mounted or embedded within the seat belt shoulder harnesses; erasable, encodable storage means for recording duration of seat belt use, location at time of crash or collision, duration of travel, direction, velocity and time of travel, all of which is contained in a black box, wherein the data may be downloaded after an accident by law enforcement personnel. In such a manner, accident liability may be better determined, insurance rates could be lowered for the owner of the vehicle if it is shown seat belts were used consistently, but most important, the owner/driver of a vehicle is strongly compelled to buckle up and require all passengers to do likewise thereby reducing deaths and injuries. Inventors: Kowalick; Thomas M. (560 E. Massachusetts Ave., Southern Pines, NC 28387) Appl. No.: 785590 Filed: January 17, 1997 Current U.S. Class: 340/988; 340/439; 340/457.1 Intern'l Class: G08G 001/123 Field of Search: 340/988,457,457.1,436,438,439 280/801.1 180/273,268,271 References Cited [Referenced By] U.S. Patent Documents 3112467 Nov., 1963 Benning 340/457. 3504336 Mar., 1970 Bablitz 340/457.
    [Show full text]