DOCSLIB.ORG

Codium Spongiosum 50.620 Harvey Foliose MICRO Techniques Needed and Plant Shape PLANT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Codium Spongiosum 50.620 Harvey Foliose MICRO Techniques Needed and Plant Shape PLANT Codium spongiosum 50.620 Harvey foliose MICRO Techniques needed and plant shape PLANT Classification Phylum: Chlorophyta; Order: Bryopsidales; Family: Codiaceae *Descriptive name wavy green cushion Features plant yellow green, a flat cushion on rock, at first rubbery later spongy, about 200mm across, and 15mm thick, surface wavy, edges lobed Special requirements shave off or tease out a few of the microscopic, flask-shaped outer structures (utricles) and view them under the microscope. Utricles club-shaped, 2-6mm long and 400-520m in diameter, smaller ones arising directly from the middle part of larger ones with a basal, internal plug Occurrences central W Australia to Victoria and in Queensland. In the adjacent Indian, S Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Usual Habitat on rock in shallow calm waters Similar Species Codium lucasii, but that species more tightly adheres to rock. Microscopic investigation of the utricles is needed to separate the species. Description in the Benthic Flora Part I, pages 228-230 Details of Anatomy pl pl Preserved specimens of Codium spongiosum (A19383) viewed microscopically at different magnifications 1. club-shaped utricles with a few detached filaments from a shaving of the plant surface 2. detail of the bases of two utricles showing how they connect with the middle part of a larger utricle. Prominent plugs (pl ) occur at their junctions None exist in filaments (not shown) * Descriptive names are inventions to aid identification, and are not commonly used “Algae Revealed” R N Baldock, S Australian State Herbarium, July 2003 Codium spongiosum Harvey, (A13751b), from Coffin Bay, S. Australia * Descriptive names are inventions to aid identification, and are not commonly used “Algae Revealed” R N Baldock, S Australian State Herbarium, July 2003 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Neoproterozoic Origin and Multiple Transitions to Macroscopic Growth in Green Seaweeds
    Neoproterozoic origin and multiple transitions to macroscopic growth in green seaweeds Andrea Del Cortonaa,b,c,d,1, Christopher J. Jacksone, François Bucchinib,c, Michiel Van Belb,c, Sofie D’hondta, f g h i,j,k e Pavel Skaloud , Charles F. Delwiche , Andrew H. Knoll , John A. Raven , Heroen Verbruggen , Klaas Vandepoeleb,c,d,1,2, Olivier De Clercka,1,2, and Frederik Leliaerta,l,1,2 aDepartment of Biology, Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; bDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; cVlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; dBioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; eSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; fDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic; gDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; hDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; iDivision of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom; jSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; kClimate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2006, Australia; and lMeise Botanic Garden, 1860 Meise, Belgium Edited by Pamela S. Soltis, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and approved December 13, 2019 (received for review June 11, 2019) The Neoproterozoic Era records the transition from a largely clear interpretation of how many times and when green seaweeds bacterial to a predominantly eukaryotic phototrophic world, creat- emerged from unicellular ancestors (8). ing the foundation for the complex benthic ecosystems that have There is general consensus that an early split in the evolution sustained Metazoa from the Ediacaran Period onward.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Integrative Biology 200 "PRINCIPLES OF
    Integrative Biology 200 "PRINCIPLES OF PHYLOGENETICS" Spring 2018 University of California, Berkeley B.D. Mishler March 14, 2018. Classification II: Phylogenetic taxonomy including incorporation of fossils; PhyloCode I. Phylogenetic Taxonomy - the argument for rank-free classification A number of recent calls have been made for the reformation of the Linnaean hierarchy (e.g., De Queiroz & Gauthier, 1992). These authors have emphasized that the existing system is based in a non-evolutionary world-view; the roots of the Linnaean hierarchy are in a specially- created world-view. Perhaps the idea of fixed, comparable ranks made some sense under that view, but under an evolutionary world view they don't make sense. There are several problems with the current nomenclatorial system: 1. The current system, with its single type for a name, cannot be used to precisely name a clade. E.g., you may name a family based on a certain type specimen, and even if you were clear about what node you meant to name in your original publication, the exact phylogenetic application of your name would not be clear subsequently, after new clades are added. 2. There are not nearly enough ranks to name the thousands of levels of monophyletic groups in the tree of life. Therefore people are increasingly using informal rank-free names for higher- level nodes, but without any clear, formal specification of what clade is meant. 3. Most aspects of the current code, including priority, revolve around the ranks, which leads to instability of usage. For example, when a change in relationships is discovered, several names often need to be changed to adjust, including those of groups whose circumscription has not changed.
    [Show full text]
  • Seashore Beaty Box #007) Adaptations Lesson Plan and Specimen Information
    Table of Contents (Seashore Beaty Box #007) Adaptations lesson plan and specimen information ..................................................................... 27 Welcome to the Seashore Beaty Box (007)! .................................................................................. 28 Theme ................................................................................................................................................... 28 How can I integrate the Beaty Box into my curriculum? .......................................................... 28 Curriculum Links to the Adaptations Lesson Plan ......................................................................... 29 Science Curriculum (K-9) ................................................................................................................ 29 Science Curriculum (10-12 Drafts 2017) ...................................................................................... 30 Photos: Unpacking Your Beaty Box .................................................................................................... 31 Tray 1: ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 Tray 2: .................................................................................................................................................... 31 Tray 3: ..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Macroalgal Biodiversity of Northern Madagascar: Morpho‑Genetic Systematics and Implications of Anthropic Impacts for Conservation
    Biodiversity and Conservation https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02156-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Marine macroalgal biodiversity of northern Madagascar: morpho‑genetic systematics and implications of anthropic impacts for conservation Christophe Vieira1,2 · Antoine De Ramon N’Yeurt3 · Faravavy A. Rasoamanendrika4 · Sofe D’Hondt2 · Lan‑Anh Thi Tran2,5 · Didier Van den Spiegel6 · Hiroshi Kawai1 · Olivier De Clerck2 Received: 24 September 2020 / Revised: 29 January 2021 / Accepted: 9 March 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021 Abstract A foristic survey of the marine algal biodiversity of Antsiranana Bay, northern Madagas- car, was conducted during November 2018. This represents the frst inventory encompass- ing the three major macroalgal classes (Phaeophyceae, Florideophyceae and Ulvophyceae) for the little-known Malagasy marine fora. Combining morphological and DNA-based approaches, we report from our collection a total of 110 species from northern Madagas- car, including 30 species of Phaeophyceae, 50 Florideophyceae and 30 Ulvophyceae. Bar- coding of the chloroplast-encoded rbcL gene was used for the three algal classes, in addi- tion to tufA for the Ulvophyceae. This study signifcantly increases our knowledge of the Malagasy marine biodiversity while augmenting the rbcL and tufA algal reference libraries for DNA barcoding. These eforts resulted in a total of 72 new species records for Mada- gascar. Combining our own data with the literature, we also provide an updated catalogue of 442 taxa of marine benthic
    [Show full text]
  • Kimberley Marine Biota. Historical Data: Marine Plants
    RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 84 045–067 (2014) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.84.2014.045-067 SUPPLEMENT Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: marine plants John M. Huisman1,2* and Alison Sampey3 1 Western Australian Herbarium, Science Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley DC, Western Australian 6983, Australia. 2 School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australian 6150, Australia. 3 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australian 6986, Australia. * Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT – Here, we document 308 species of marine flora from the Kimberley region of Western Australia based on collections held in the Western Australian Herbarium and on reports on marine biodiversity surveys to the region. Included are 12 species of seagrasses, 18 species of mangrove and 278 species of marine algae. Seagrasses and mangroves in the region have been comparatively well surveyed and their taxonomy is stable, so it is unlikely that further species will be recorded. However, the marine algae have been collected and documented only more recently and it is estimated that further surveys will increase the number of recorded species to over 400. The bulk of the marine flora comprised widespread Indo-West Pacific species, but there were also many endemic species with more endemics reported from the inshore areas than the offshore atolls. This number also will increase with the description of new species from the region. Collecting across the region has been highly variable due to the remote location, logistical difficulties and resource limitations.
    [Show full text]
  • Codium Pulvinatum (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta), a New Species from the Arabian Sea, Recently Introduced Into the Mediterranean Sea
    Phycologia Volume 57 (1), 79–89 Published 6 November 2017 Codium pulvinatum (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta), a new species from the Arabian Sea, recently introduced into the Mediterranean Sea 1 2 3 4 5 RAZY HOFFMAN *, MICHAEL J. WYNNE ,TOM SCHILS ,JUAN LOPEZ-BAUTISTA AND HEROEN VERBRUGGEN 1School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel 2University of Michigan Herbarium, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA 3University of Guam Marine Laboratory, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA 4Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Box 35487, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA 5School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia ABSTRACT: Codium pulvinatum sp. nov. (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) is described from the southern shores of Oman and from the Mediterranean shore of Israel. The new species has a pulvinate to mamillate–globose habit and long narrow utricles. Molecular data from the rbcL gene show that the species is distinct from closely related species, and concatenated rbcL and rps3–rpl16 sequence data show that it is not closely related to other species with similar external morphologies. The recent discovery of well-established populations of C. pulvinatum along the central Mediterranean coast of Israel suggests that it is a new Lessepsian migrant into the Mediterranean Sea. The ecology and invasion success of the genus Codium, now with four alien species reported for the Levantine Sea, and some ecological aspects are also discussed in light of the discovery of the new species. KEY WORDS: Codium pulvinatum, Israel, Lessepsian migrant, Levantine Sea, Oman, rbcL, rps3–rpl16 INTRODUCTION updated), except for ‘TAU’. All investigated specimens are listed in Table S1 (collecting data table).
    [Show full text]
  • Codium(Chlorophyta) Species Presented in the Galápagos Islands
    Hidrobiológica 2016, 26 (2): 151-159 Codium (Chlorophyta) species presented in the Galápagos Islands Las especies del género Codium (Chlorophyta) presentes en las Islas Galápagos Max E. Chacana1, Paul C. Silva1, Francisco F. Pedroche1, 2 and Kathy Ann Miller1 1University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2465. USA 2Depto. Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Estado de México, 52007. México e-mail: [email protected] Chacana M. E., P. C. Silva, F. F. Pedroche and K. A. Miller. 2016. Codium (Chlorophyta) species presented in the Galápagos Islands. Hidrobiológica 26 (2): 151-159. ABSTRACT Background. The Galápagos Islands have been the subject of numerous scientific expeditions. The chief source of in- formation on their marine algae is the report published in 1945 by the late William Randolph Taylor on collections made by the Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1934. Prior to this work, there were no published records ofCodium from the Galápagos. Taylor recorder six species of Codium of which C. isabelae and C. santamariae were new descriptions. Goals. On the basis of collections made since 1939, we have reviewed the registry of Codium in these islands. Methods. Com- parative analysis based on morphology and utricle anatomy. Results. Codium isabelae and C. santamariae are combined under the former name. Records of C. cervicorne and C. dichotomum also are referred to C. isabelae, those of C. setchellii are based partly on representatives of C. picturatum, a recently described species from the Mexican Pacific, Panama, Colombia, and Hawaii, and partly on representatives of a species similar if not identical to C.
    [Show full text]
  • "Phycology". In: Encyclopedia of Life Science
    Phycology Introductory article Ralph A Lewin, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA Article Contents Michael A Borowitzka, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia . General Features . Uses The study of algae is generally called ‘phycology’, from the Greek word phykos meaning . Noxious Algae ‘seaweed’. Just what algae are is difficult to define, because they belong to many different . Classification and unrelated classes including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic representatives. Broadly . Evolution speaking, the algae comprise all, mainly aquatic, plants that can use light energy to fix carbon from atmospheric CO2 and evolve oxygen, but which are not specialized land doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0004234 plants like mosses, ferns, coniferous trees and flowering plants. This is a negative definition, but it serves its purpose. General Features Algae range in size from microscopic unicells less than 1 mm several species are also of economic importance. Some in diameter to kelps as long as 60 m. They can be found in kinds are consumed as food by humans. These include almost all aqueous or moist habitats; in marine and fresh- the red alga Porphyra (also known as nori or laver), an water environments they are the main photosynthetic or- important ingredient of Japanese foods such as sushi. ganisms. They are also common in soils, salt lakes and hot Other algae commonly eaten in the Orient are the brown springs, and some can grow in snow and on rocks and the algae Laminaria and Undaria and the green algae Caulerpa bark of trees. Most algae normally require light, but some and Monostroma. The new science of molecular biology species can also grow in the dark if a suitable organic carbon has depended largely on the use of algal polysaccharides, source is available for nutrition.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Invasive Species in Massachusetts
    Aquatic Invasive Species in Massachusetts What They Are, How They Get Here, and What We Are Doing to Keep Them Out. Jay Baker Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management 9/29/2005 presented by Jay Baker at a MIS monitoring training session. Massachusetts has been working to develop a Aquatic Invasive Species Management Plan One of the goals of the Management Plan is to start monitoring networks. Thought it might be useful to share with you the approach we’ve taken in developing this comprehensive plan, highlight a few key problems we faced along the way, and give you some sense of the time frame we’ve been working on Should note: While the plan covers marine and freshwater invaders, the focus here is primarily on the marine components 1 Codium fragile ssp. Tomentosoides or green fleece, dead man’s fingers An introduced species from the Pacific Ocean around Japan is causing some major problems in Massachusetts. 2 Particularly in West Harwich on Cape Cod. Tons of codium is washing up on the beaches, Sitting there, rotting and wrecking the beach experience. Codium washes up making the beach unusable. The Town of West Harwich came to CZM (Coastal Zone Management) asking for suggestions to solve this problem. 3 The best idea so far has been to turn the codium into a Dune Restoration Project. Bulldozers mix the sand, slipper shells with the codium and pile it into dunes. The codium needs to attach to something hard. Off the West Harwich shore, the codium often attaches to common slipper shells (Crepidula fornicata ) which is found to be prolific in eutrophic waters.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Genuine Codium Mamillosum Harvey (Codiaceae, Ulvophyceae) from Japan
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 43(4), pp. 93–98, November 22, 2017 First record of genuine Codium mamillosum Harvey (Codiaceae, Ulvophyceae) from Japan Taiju Kitayama Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 29 August 2017; accepted 27 September 2017) Abstract A marine benthic green alga, Codium mamillosum Harvey (Codiaceae, Bryopsidales, Ulvophyceae) was collected from the mesophotic zone off Chichi-jima Island, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. In Japan, at the end of the 19th century, this species name was used by Okamura (in Matsumura and Miyoshi, 1899) for his specimens of solid globular Codium collected from main islands of Japan, afterward it was synonymized by Silva (1962) into Codium minus (O.C. Schmidt) P.C.Silva as “Codium mamillosum sensu Okamura”. The present alga collected recently from Oga- sawara Islands was identified as a genuine C. mamillosum because the thalli have relatively larger utricles (550–1100 µm in diameter) than those of C. minus. Key words : Codiaceae, Codium mamillosum, Japan, marine benthic green alga, Ogasawara Islands, Ulvophyceae. In the end of the 18th century, the marine Harvey (1855) based on the specimens collected green algal genus Codium (Codiaceae, Bryopsi- from Western Australia, whose appearance was dales, Ulvophyceae) was established by Stack- described as “a very solid, green, mamillated house (1795). This genus has 120–144 species (having nipples) ball”. In Japan, Okamura in (Huisman, 2015; Guiry and Guiry, 2017), which Matsumura and Miyoshi (1899) and Okamura are extremely various in external morphology: (1915) identified the specimens of solid globular flattened to erect, dorsiventral or isobilateral, Codium collected from main islands of Japan as branched or unbranched, complanate to terete, C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Distribution of Certain Benthonic Algae in Queen Charlotte Strait, British Columbia, in Relation to Some Environmental Factors
    The Distribution of Certain Benthonic Algae in Queen Charlotte Strait, British Columbia, in Relation to Some Environmental Factors ROBERT F. SCAGEL 1 IN COMPARISON with the progress in our knowl­ cially of members of the Laminariales on the edge of most groups of plants-especially con­ Pacific Coast of North America, on the basis of cerning their life histories and distributions­ latitudinal and seasonal temperature distribu­ the advances made in marine phycology and tions. The physical data available during this marine ecology have been relatively slow. The early period were limited, but many of the prin­ limited access to living material or to the facil­ ciples set forth by Setchell concerning the dis­ ities to maintain the larger marine algae in the tributions of marine algae are as sound now as living condition for a prolonged period of time, when they were first proposed. Except for more the difficulties of collection-particularly in the precise knowledge of the physical and chemical subtidal zone-and the lack of any extensive factors of the environment and the distribu­ direct economic importance until recent years tions of the algae concerned, much of Setchell's have all contributed to this slow progress. How­ ecological work can still be used as a good ever, in spite of these difficulties there has been foundation for further study. Although it was a considerable amount of interest in the marine largely a two-dimensional approach to the algae, including a number of studies of their marine environment, Setchell's work made a ecology. Although this interest has been fairly significant contributiOn to the development of widespread in a number of countries, until re­ marine algal ecology.
    [Show full text]
  • Codium (Bryopsidales) Based on Plastid DNA Sequences
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2007) 240–254 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within the green algal genus Codium (Bryopsidales) based on plastid DNA sequences Heroen Verbruggen a,*, Frederik Leliaert a, Christine A. Maggs b, Satoshi Shimada c, Tom Schils a, Jim Provan b, David Booth b, Sue Murphy b, Olivier De Clerck a, Diane S. Littler d, Mark M. Littler d, Eric Coppejans a a Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), B-9000 Gent, Belgium b School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK c Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan d US National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA Received 26 July 2006; revised 6 December 2006; accepted 10 January 2007 Available online 31 January 2007 Abstract Despite the potential model role of the green algal genus Codium for studies of marine speciation and evolution, there have been dif- ficulties with species delimitation and a molecular phylogenetic framework was lacking. In the present study, 74 evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) are delimited using 227 rbcL exon 1 sequences obtained from specimens collected throughout the genus’ range. Several mor- pho-species were shown to be poorly defined, with some clearly in need of lumping and others containing pseudo-cryptic diversity. A phylogenetic hypothesis of 72 Codium ESUs is inferred from rbcL exon 1 and rps3–rpl16 sequence data using a conventional nucleotide substitution model (GTR + C + I), a codon position model and a covariotide (covarion) model, and the fit of a multitude of substitution models and alignment partitioning strategies to the sequence data is reported.
    [Show full text]