Attitudes and Perceptions of Community Councils on The
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Attitudes and perceptions of Community Councils on the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program and the Southwestern Crown Collaborative forest restoration projects. Jimmie McKay, Graduate Student Professional Paper Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements of a Masters in Science (MS) The University of Montana, College of Forestry and Conservation December 24, 2012 1 Table of Contents Cover Pg. 1 Table of contents Pg. 2 Summary & Recommendations Pg. 3-5 Introduction Pg. 5-7 Background Pg. 7-13 Methods Pg. 13-14 Findings Pg. 15-24 Discussion Pg. 24-28 Conclusion Pg. 28-35 Appendix I Description of the SWCC and Map of the Crown of the Continent Pg. 36 Appendix II Timeline Pg. 37 Appendix III About myself and how I relate to the SWCC Pg. 39-40 Appendix IV Population Maps Pg. 41 Appendix V Questionnaire Introduction and Questionnaire Pg. 42-45 Appendix VI Local Area News Paper Articles and Published Opinions Pg. 46-51 Literature Citations Pg. 51-54 Acknowledgements Pg. 54 2 Summary & Recommendations The forest industry in western Montana has undergone tremendous changes since the 1970’s. Many residents and local communities have undergone difficult economic times with the decline of the forest industry. In response, starting in the 1970’s collaborative forest landscape type management began to take place on private lands led by groups like the Blackfoot Challenge in the early 1970’s. Due to these kinds of efforts, the stages of forest restoration and conservation were beginning to take hold. However, the passage of the Forest Landscape Restoration Act (FLRA) in 2009 has given an economic boost to forest restoration and brought it into the national spotlight. The FLRA set forth a collaborative management progression of forest landscape planning and restorations beginning with the development of a Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP) and ending with the Southwestern Crown Collaborative (SWCC) forest landscape restoration projects on Forest Service lands. The SWCC engages local stakeholders in decision-making roles with Forest Service oversight. The SWCC has the potential to greatly impact the region. Given the key role local stakeholders will play in the SWCC; it is important to understand the various perceptions and attitudes the public have about the CFLRP and SWCC. The purpose of this study is to help gain insight into local perceptions and attitudes on the CFLRP and SWCC. Twenty three participants in the area’s community councils were given a questionnaire with the objective to explore perceptions in the ability of the SWCC to accomplish its mission, benefit local economies, provide training opportunities, and create present and long term employment in the area. The key findings that came out in the comments and answers to the questionnaire were (1) an over whelming lack of awareness and knowledge of the CFLRP and SWCC, and (2) a general skepticism the long-term goals of the program could be achieved. While this study was taken in the early stages of the program; it does provide important insights that should be of interest to all those involved in the project. In order to address the lack of awareness and understand of the SWCC and general skepticism about this government program, the USFS will need to increase their efforts on keeping the public fully informed. Due to the size and scope of this program the USFS and SWCC will have to go above and beyond normal communication and information sharing process in as many ways as deemed necessary. In order to assure trust in the program and restoration projects; the public will need these extra ordinary measures based on complete openness and compassion when addressing area and individual needs. The following recommendations were developed in the process of conducting this study. To address the lack of knowledge of and skepticism 3 about the CFLRP and SWCC; the following recommendations were developed from this case study for consideration: 1. The USWFS or the SWCC should produce and publish a poster showing and explaining the purpose if the CFLRP. The poster should show how it was formed, the relationship and differences between the forest service participation and oversight function and the functions of the SWCC in the planning, decision-making and monitoring of the forest landscape restoration projects. 2. There should be greater emphasis on the promotion of the proximity preferences in the letting of contracts to contractors by the USFS 3. There should be active involvement with Community Councils throughout the area should be increased by correspondences, letters, emails, etc. (possibly an email list set up for all those that want the most recent updated material) 4. The USFS and SWCC needs to provide liaison officers or appoint a SWCC information representative to update community councils or other community gatherings about the SWCC plans and accomplishments on a regular basis, which would be more proactive than reactive 5. There should be complete openness in the contracts being let, including their cost and purpose, types of contracts, contractors hired and reasons or justifications for their hiring along with publicizing number of jobs both permanent and part-time created 6. The USFS should publish location of contractor’s home bases and number of extra employees needed to accomplish the SWCC contracts. 7. Continue annual or bi-annual contractor workshops and set up contractor help stations, or appoint personal to help those that request it, at all district ranger stations, or places such as the University of Montana Lubrecht’s Experimental Forest Conference Center 8. Promote continuing relationships and make available information on present and upcoming restoration project, to area news media. 9. Set up SWCC information bulletin boards at local gathering places like Post Offices, Community Halls, and fire stations. 10. Hold SWCC stakeholder and monitoring committee meeting at different public locations and times throughout the area. 4 11. The USFS and the SWCC should actively promote the hiring and training of area residents hired by a contractors and research groups that receive contracts funded by CFLRP, for the work in their contracts that do not require a higher level of education other than a high school diploma. I realize that some of these recommendations may already be in progress or that some of them may-be too costly. The fact that the USFS and SWCC can and does acknowledge the need for better communication to local communities and those extra efforts can only benefit is progress in itself. Introduction The western parts of Montana in the past decade has been slowly shifting away from traditional, extraction-based manufacturing jobs, which include logging and timber processing, toward more service oriented jobs, which include public service, education and health care (Montana REAP 2001-2011) Shift-Share Analysis Results. As a result many areas in western Montana have seen dramatic declines in good paying jobs associated with logging and timber processing (Morgan, 2011). Many residents have deep historical, cultural, and family ties to the area. Having to break those ties, along with the realization of loss in future ties to the area for the next generation, puts them, their families, and their communities under a lot of stress. This change in livelihood opportunities can cause resentment and a desire to blame others for the changes that may have caused their unwanted circumstances. To make matters worse federal and state governments are increasingly being forced into belt tightening reducing public sector income opportunity. In Western Montana many communities are facing economic hardships based on these cut backs and the change in shape of the Montana economy. This exploratory case study intends to provide insight of the residents’ perceptions and attitudes regarding one innovative solution being implemented in their area, a special federally sponsored forest restoration program, the SW Crown of the Continent (SWCC LRS 2010) Forest Landscape Restoration Program. The U.S. Congress in 2009 passed the Forest Landscape Restoration Act (FLMA 2009) allowing the development of the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP). This act allows for experimental, collaborative management 5 programs like the SWCC to utilize federal funds for federal forest landscape restoration projects with the local citizens and organizations as collaborative partners with U.S. Forest Service (USFS) oversight on final decisions. This CFLRP allows forest landscape restoration projects within these large landscapes, but with area specific, site appropriate, and multi-purpose based approaches, which includes comprehensive monitoring and periodic assessments of the entire process. This act allows monitoring of those collaborative efforts to see if they will work and be accepted by the local residents affected by the results of the act as well as the majority of the nation. This is similar to the policy experimentation alternative (Nie 2008 pg.236). The study that I have initiated, therefore, has the following objective: Identify resident perceptions, attitudes and beliefs in the ability of the SWCC to accomplish its mission to benefit local economies, provide training opportunities, and create present and long term employment in the area. It utilizes a case study approach to gain insight on local residents’ understanding of forest restoration, stewardship projects and the potential for this new type of forest management to offer anticipated benefits to the area’s communities. Examples of projects that could hire locals contractors are forest fuels reduction, aquatics study and restoration, soil erosion, weed treatments, bio-fuels gathering, road work, road decommissioning, trail work and sustainable timber harvesting. A case study is a common technique to gather preliminary insight into a complex, developing occurrence where several social pressures and unpredictable potential outcomes are present (Yin 1984). To explore perceptions of residents this research will use the South Western Crown’s local and surrounding Community Councils (CCs) with their publically elected officials, and involved local citizens, (meeting attendees).