DOCSLIB.ORG

The Occurrence of Hypsipyla Shoot Borer on Species of Exotic Meliaceae Planted in the Northern Territory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Occurrence of Hypsipyla Shoot Borer on Species of Exotic Meliaceae Planted in the Northern Territory “where to from here with R&D to underpin plantations of high-value timber species in the ‘seasonally-dry’ topics of northern Australia?” Townsville 9th-11th May 2006. _____________________________________________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY, FISHERIES AND MINES Private Forestry North Queensland Association Inc & Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries Workshop Townsville 9-11 May 2006 “Where to from here with R&D to underpin plantations of high-value timber species in the ‘seasonally-dry’ tropics of northern Australia?” The occurrence of Hypsipyla shoot borer on species of exotic Meliaceae planted in the Northern Territory D.F. Reilly, R.M. Robertson & H. Brown Agroforestry and Entomology – DPIFM Berrimah, Northern Territory. SUMMARY African mahogany Khaya senegalensis is the favoured species for high-value plantations in the Top End of the Northern Territory because it has outperformed others in extensive trials over 40 years. Despite its vigour, Khaya is characterised by poor form that may be related to its genetics, nutrition or chronic low level pest attack. However few pests and diseases have been recorded locally for Khaya or the other species tested. The Meliaceous shoot borer or tip moth Hypsipyla robusta Pyralidae (Phycitinae) was first observed attacking Khaya in March 2004; this was was recorded on recently grafted plants at Berrimah. Subsequent attack has been observed in the field on both Khaya (Howard Springs) and Chukrasia (Berry Springs). Identification has been confirmed by ANIC and DPIFM. Source of attack may be from the indigenous mangrove species Xylocarpus granatum (Meliaceae) known to be susceptible to shoot borer. Keywords: African mahogany, shoot borer, Khaya, Chukrasia, Xylocarpus, Hypsipyla, Northern Territory _________________________________________________________________________ The occurrence of Hypsipyla shoot borer on species of exotic Meliaceae planted in the Northern Territory – D.F. Reilly, R.M. Robertson & H. Brown 1 “where to from here with R&D to underpin plantations of high-value timber species in the ‘seasonally-dry’ topics of northern Australia?” Townsville 9th-11th May 2006. _____________________________________________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY, FISHERIES AND MINES PERFORMANCE RELATIVE TO K SENEGALENSIS (KS) OF EIGHT SPECIES FOR SEVERAL TRAITS ACROSS A VARIABLE NUMBER OF SITES. For Ks the actual trait values are shown. Species Survival Relativity to K.senegalensis (%) Overall (no. of sites) (%) Height Dbhob (MAI Bole (MAI Straight- no. of traits > (MAI m) cm) m) ness Ks1 score K.senegalensis (6) 95.5 1.5 2.3 0.8 2.96 T. grandis (6) 89 111 88.4 137.5 111.5 3 S. humilis (6) 81.6 96.7 78.3 101.8 109.1 2 C. odorata (4) 52.3 81.7 73.9 100 98.8 0 T. belerica (3) 89.7 97.3 81.2 129.2 118.2 2 S. macrophylla (3) 61.3 93.3 72.5 120.8 108.1 2 C. tabularis (2) 71 110 100 168.8 120 3 P.macrocarpus (2)2 98 NA3 96 NA NA 1 P. indicus (1) 91 113.3 95.7 412.5 111.4 3 1 Counts in this column derive from the highlighting that indicates those species – trait values clearly exceeding the inferred ‘100%’ value for Ks. Note that ‘Survival’ has been included in the counts, giving a total of 5 comparison traits. 2 Species represented by a single plot at each site. 3 NA – not assessed. African mahogany has been grown in the Top End of the NT for more than 40 years on a range of sites and soil types with little or no recorded pest or pathological problems. This was a major reason for its selection in the series of NHT funded trials established in the Top End by NT DPIF, Greening Australia NT and the Commonwealth Government National Heritage Trust Farm Forestry Program. The species chosen for planting in the NHT trials were based on those successful in previous forestry evaluations by CSIRO and the NT Forestry Bureau. In this early work, African mahogany was the best survivor and performer among a few other notable species including: Pterocarpus (Rosewood), Chukrasia tabularis (Indian mahogany), Terminalia belerica, Eucalyptus pellita (red mahogany) and Callitris intratropica (northern cypress). Cypress was the only native species in the trials; although slow growing it is not affected by pests to the point that reduces productivity. African mahogany was also the best performer in the NHT trials for the productivity characteristics of survival, height growth and diameter growth and demonstrated its ability to grow well on a wide range of sites. These results were presented previously at the Mareeba Workshop (Reilly, Robertson & Hearnden 2004). The slide shows the superiority of Khaya for survival, height and diameter growth in all cases except where P. macrocarpus was slightly better for survival (very few sites) and where heights of Tectona grandis, Chukrasia tabularis and Pterocarpus indicus were slightly better. However the performance of Khaya senegalensis compared with other species in the stem form characteristics of bole length and straightness is much poorer and indicates improvement is required in these traits if Khaya is to be commercialized. The underlying causes of this poor form must be determined; in this regard assessing the impacts of present and potential pests and diseases is critical. _________________________________________________________________________ The occurrence of Hypsipyla shoot borer on species of exotic Meliaceae planted in the Northern Territory – D.F. Reilly, R.M. Robertson & H. Brown 2 “where to from here with R&D to underpin plantations of high-value timber species in the ‘seasonally-dry’ topics of northern Australia?” Townsville 9th-11th May 2006. _____________________________________________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY, FISHERIES AND MINES THE CHALLENGE OR PROBLEM FACING THE USE OF AFRICAN MAHOGANY AS A PLANTATION SPECIES IS FAILURE OF MOST TREES TO MAINTAIN APICAL DOMINANCE AND DEVELOP A STRAIGHT BOLE! Possible causes of this problem have been suggested by many workers including at this workshop (with anecdotal and/or documented evidence) : • Chewing, sucking insects (Hypsipyla, crickets etc) • Herbivorous mammals (possums, tree rats etc) • Nutrient deficiencies (Ca, B, Zn, Cu etc) • Wind damage (firmness, nature of recovery etc) • Fires • Genetics Poor tree form of African mahogany is evident in trees of all ages up to 30 plus years old in Darwin and elsewhere ie short boles, lots of large branches – not a very millable tree in that form. The question that remains unanswered is: is the poor form of African mahogany due environmental influences, nutrition (or lack of ), influence of pests and diseases, or genetics that pre-disposes trees to a large open crowned habit ? Resolution of this critical issue, clarifying the relative contributions of underlying genetics, possible nutrient deficiencies and pests and diseases to the poor form of Khaya is essential to its successful domestication and genetic improvement. Current emphasis on tree improvement through recurrent phenotypic selection among trees generally of poor form needs to be balanced by higher priority being given to ensuring adequate nutrition at critical times, or the elimination of pests and diseases attacking growing tips and negatively affecting apical dominance, if these selection strategies are to be fully effective. _________________________________________________________________________ The occurrence of Hypsipyla shoot borer on species of exotic Meliaceae planted in the Northern Territory – D.F. Reilly, R.M. Robertson & H. Brown 3 “where to from here with R&D to underpin plantations of high-value timber species in the ‘seasonally-dry’ topics of northern Australia?” Townsville 9th-11th May 2006. _____________________________________________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY, FISHERIES AND MINES AFRICAN MAHOGANY AND HYPSIPYLA Khaya (African mahogany) is a member of the Meliaceae a commercially very important family for high value timbers. Others are Swietenia, Cedrela, Toona and Chukrasia. Hypsipyla spp. are pests of trees in these genera; attack is most severe where indigenous tree hosts and insects co-habit. K. senegalensis as an exotic species in northern Australia, is susceptible to attack by the indigenous H. robusta. Attack was first recorded in March 2004 near Darwin but attack is restricted and damage minimal. The native mangrove Xylocarpus granatum is also a host to H.robusta and may be the source of infestation. The insects with greatest possibility to impact a plantation industry based on African mahogany are species of the phycitinid moth Hypsipyla (Pyralidae), a shoot borer that damages the soft actively growing tips in which the adult moth lays its eggs. Resulting loss of apical dominance causes the tree to form more branches below the damaged area. Hypsipyla robusta is the species native to Australia and SE Asia; it attacks native species of the Meliaceae including the commercially important red cedar (Toona ciliata) and the mangrove Xylocarpus granatum, which occurs in the Darwin area. At the Mareeba Workshop 2004, Roger Leakey indicated that endemic species of Hypsipyla were very aggressive and damaging to African mahogany in its native habitat in west Africa; a recent taxonomic revision has found that there are two species in this area distinct from H. robusta (Griffiths and Wylie 2006); neither are known to occur in Australia. Hypsipyla robusta was first observed attacking Khaya senegalensis in March 2004; this was was recorded on recently grafted plants at CCB-Berrimah
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chinaberry, Pride-Of-India Include Tool Handles, Cabinets, Furniture, and Cigar Boxes
    Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) Chinaberry, pride-of-India include tool handles, cabinets, furniture, and cigar boxes. It has not been used in Hawaii. Melia azedarach L. Extensively planted around the world for ornament and shade. This attractive tree is easily propagated from Mahogany family (Meliaceae) seeds, cuttings, and sprouts from stumps. It grows rap- Post-Cook introduction idly but is short-lived, and the brittle limbs are easily broken by the wind. Chinaberry, or pride-of-India, is a popular ornamental This species is poisonous, at least in some pans, and tree planted for its showy cluster of pale purplish five- has insecticidal properties. Leaves and dried fruits have parted spreading flowers and for the shade of its dense been used to protect stored clothing and other articles dark green foliage. It is further characterized by the bi- against insects. Various pans of the tree, including fruits, pinnate leaves with long-pointed saw-toothed leaflets flowers, leaves, bark, and roots, have been employed and pungent odor when crushed, and by the clusters of medicinally in different countries. The berries are toxic nearly round golden yellow poisonous berries conspicu- to animals and have killed pigs, though cattle and birds ous when leafless. reportedly eat the fruits. An oil suitable for illumination Small to medium-sized deciduous tree often becom- was extracted experimentally from the berries. The hard, ing 20–50 ft (6–15 m) tall and 1–2 ft (0.3–0.6 m) in angular, bony centers of the fruits, when removed by trunk diameter, with crowded, abruptly spreading boiling are dyed and strung as beads.
    [Show full text]
  • Silvicultural Systems for Restoration of Mahogany in Degraded Landscapes in Africa: Influence of Mixed Rainforest Plantation on Growth and Pest Damage
    Open Journal of Forestry, 2014, 4, 414-425 Published Online July 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojf http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.44046 Silvicultural Systems for Restoration of Mahogany in Degraded Landscapes in Africa: Influence of Mixed Rainforest Plantation on Growth and Pest Damage Emmanuel Opuni-Frimpong1, Nana Yaa Nyarko-Duah2, Ebenezer J. D. Belford2, Andrew J. Storer3 1Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana 2Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 3School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Townsend, USA Email: [email protected], [email protected] Received 22 April 2014; revised 3 June 2014; accepted 4 July 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract African mahogany, one of the world’s most valuable timber species is threatened by over-exploita- tion in natural forests and failure of plantations due to attacks by the shoot borer Hypsipyla ro- busta. Mixed-species plantations has been reported to be an effective component of integrated pest management of major pest in other crops; but there is very limited empirical data on its use for managing Hypsipyla in mahogany mixed stands in West Africa. The aim of this study was to as- sess the effect of mixed-species stands as management intervention, on the growth of Khaya gran- difoliola and Khaya ivorensis in relation to Hypsipyla robusta attack in a 10 ha experimental plan- tation in the wet evergreen forest type in Ghana.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Landscape, Intraguild Interactions, and a Neonicotinoid on Natural Enemy and Pest Interactions in Soybeans
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Entomology Entomology 2016 EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE, INTRAGUILD INTERACTIONS, AND A NEONICOTINOID ON NATURAL ENEMY AND PEST INTERACTIONS IN SOYBEANS Hannah J. Penn University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-5991 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2016.441 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Penn, Hannah J., "EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE, INTRAGUILD INTERACTIONS, AND A NEONICOTINOID ON NATURAL ENEMY AND PEST INTERACTIONS IN SOYBEANS" (2016). Theses and Dissertations-- Entomology. 30. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/30 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Entomology by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypsipyla SHOOT BORERS in MELIACEAE: CURRENT STATUS
    o Proceedings of the Second Annual Forestry Symposium 1996: Management and Sustainable Utilization of Forest Resources, Sri Lanka, 6-7 December 1996. (Eds. Amarasekera, H S, Ranasinghe, D M S H K and Finlayson, W). Published by Deparlment of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka (1998) Hypsipyla SHOOT BORERS IN MELIACEAE: CURRENT STATUS Jayanthi P. Edirisinghe Department of Zoology. University ofPeradeniya Abstract A briefofan international meeting held in Kandy in August /996 to discuss the present situation with regard 10 this insects. II is suggested that the relatively 10111 level of' attack in Sri Lanka may he due to good overhead shade were the trees have been planted Introduction The first international workshop on Hypsipyla shoot borers in Meliaceae was held in Kandy in August 1996, with 18 countries participating. The objective was to assess the work done in the recent past on Hypsipyla shoot borers and discuss future priorities. This paper highlights some of the aspects that were discussed. The family Mcliaceae occurs throughout the tropics and includes many of the world's finest cabinet timbers. such as Swictenia (mahogany). Khava (African mahogany). TOOI/O and Cedrela ('"cedars"). They occur naturally or arc planted in sonic 25-:\0 countries. Two Hypsipyla species. H grandel!a (Zeller) and If. robusta (Moore). arc the most important pests of the Meliaceae. They have a distinct distribution. with II. grandel/a confined to the New World and II. robusta to Africa. Asia. Australia. and the Pacific islands. Table I lists the species grown in the countries that participated at the workshop.
    [Show full text]
  • Section 1-Maggie-Final AM
    KEY TO GROUP 1 Mangroves and plants of saline habitats, i.e., regularly inundated by king tides. A. leaves B. leaves C. simple D. compound opposite alternate leaf leaf 1 Mature plants less than 60 cm high, often prostrate and succulent go to 2 1* Mature plants greater than 60 cm high, shrubs or trees go to 4 2 Plants without obvious leaves, succulent (samphires) go to Group 1.A 2* Plants with obvious leaves, sometimes succulent go to 3 3 Grass, non-succulent, leaves narrow, margins rolled inwards go to Group 1.B 3* Plants with succulent leaves, may be flattened, cylindrical or almost so go to Group 1.C 4 Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves (see sketch A) go to 5 4* Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves (B) go to 6 5 Leaves with oil glands visible when held to the light and an aromatic smell when crushed or undersurface whitish go to Group 1.D Large oil glands as seen with a good hand lens 5* Leaves without oil glands or a whitish undersurface, but prop roots, knee roots or buttresses may be present go to Group 1.E 6 Plants with copious milky sap present when parts, such as stems and leaves are broken (CAUTION) go to Group 1.F 6* Plants lacking milky sap when stems or leaves broken go to 7 7 Shrubs or trees with simple leaves (C) go to Group 1.G 7* Trees with compound leaves (D) go to Group 1.H 17 GROUP 1.A Plants succulent with no obvious leaves (samphires).
    [Show full text]
  • Rooting of African Mahogany (Khaya Senegalensis A. Juss.) Leafy Stem Cuttings Under Different Concentrations of Indole-3-Butyric Acid
    Vol. 11(23), pp. 2050-2057, 9 June, 2016 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2016.10936 Article Number: F4B772558906 African Journal of Agricultural ISSN 1991-637X Copyright ©2016 Research Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Full Length Research Paper Rooting of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis A. Juss.) leafy stem cuttings under different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid Rodrigo Tenório de Vasconcelos, Sérgio Valiengo Valeri*, Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins, Gabriel Biagiotti and Bruna Aparecida Pereira Perez Department of Vegetable Production, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Prof. Acess Road Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal,SP, Brazil. Received 24 February, 2016; Accepted 23 April, 2016 Vegetative propagation were studied in order to implement Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. wood production, conservation and genetic improvement programs. The objective of this research work was to establish the requirement as well the appropriated concentration of indolbutiric acid (IBA) in the K. senegalensis leafy stem cuttings to produce new plants. The basal end of the leafy stem cuttings were immersed, at first subjected to the so called slow method, in a 5% ethanol solution with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1 of IBA for 12 h and, as another procedure, the so called quick method, to a 50% ethanol solution with 0, 3000, 6000, 9000 and 12000 mg L-1 of IBA for 5. The leafy stem cuttings were transferred to plastic trays filled with 9.5 L of medium texture expanded vermiculite in which the cuttings had their basal end immersed to a depth of 3 cm in an 8.0 x 8.0 cm spacing.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Spacing on Growth of Dhundul (Xylocarpus Granatum) in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh
    International Journal of Research and Innovations in Earth Science Volume 7, Issue 6, ISSN (Online): 2394-1375 Influence of Spacing on Growth of Dhundul (Xylocarpus granatum) in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh Dr. ASM Helal Siddiqui 1*, Sk. Md. Mehedi Hasan 2 and Dr. Md. Masudur Rahman 3 1 Divisional Officer, Mangrove Silviculrure Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Muzgunni, Khulna, Bangladesh. 2 Field Investigator, Mangrove Silviculrure Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Muzgunni, Khulna, Bangladesh. 3 Director, Mangrove Silviculrure Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Muzgunni, Khulna, Bangladesh. Date of publication (dd/mm/yyyy): 28/12/2020 Abstract – Dhundul is one of the most important moderate-sized evergreen threatened mangrove species and play a pivotal role for the conservation of the ecosystem of Sundarbans. Between 2012 and 2017, an experimental plantation with randomize complete block design (RCBD) was conducted to enrich mangrove ecosystems by conserving dhundul at Moderate saline zone-comp nos. 31 of the Sundarbans. The objectives of this study are not only sustainable conservation of dhundul but also to create a better habitat as a source of the plus tree near future. Seedling survival percentage, mean height (h) and Mean Annual Increment (MAI) were observed each year to evaluate the effectiveness of dhundul plantation. The mean height (m), MAI (m) and survival percentage of dhundul differ significantly at different spacing. The highest mean height (m) and survival percentage have been found 2.46 ± 0.19, and 85%, respectively in the spacing 1m x 1m, as well as the highest Mean Annual Increment (MAI) for height 0.364m, were found in the same spacing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of the Domestication of African Mahogany (Khaya Senegalensis) in Australia – As Documented in the CD ROM Proceedings of a 2006 Workshop
    BOIS ET FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES, 2009, N° 300 (2) 101 KHAYA SENEGALENSIS EN AUSTRALIE / À TRAVERS LE MONDE The status of the domestication of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) in Australia – as documented in the CD ROM Proceedings of a 2006 Workshop Roger Underwood1 and D. Garth Nikles2 1Forestry Consultant 7 Palin Street Palmyra WA Australia 6157 2Associate, Horticulture and Forestry Science Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly Australia 4068 A Workshop was held in Townsville, Queensland, Australia in May 2006 entitled: “Where to from here with R&D to underpin plantations of high- value timber species in the ‘seasonally-dry’ tropics of northern Australia?” Its focus was on African Photograph 1. mahogany, Khaya senegalensis, and A chess table and chairs manufactured from timber obtained from some of the African followed a broader-ranging Workshop mahogany logs of Photogaph 2. This furniture setting won Queensland and national awards (Nikles et al., 2008). with a similar theme held in Mareeba, Photogaph R. Burgess via Paragon Furniture, Brisbane. Queensland in 2004. The 2006 Workshop comprised eight technical working sessions over two days preceded by a field trip to look at local trial plantings of African mahogany. The working sessions covered R&D in: tree Introduction improvement, nutrition, soils, silviculture, establishment, management, productivity, pests, African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss.) was diseases, wood properties; introduced in Australia in the 1950s and was planted spas- and R&D needs and management. modically on a small scale until the mid-1970s. Farm forestry plantings and further trials recommenced in the late 1990s, but industrial plantations did not begin until the mid-2000s, based on managed investment schemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypsipyla Shoot Borers in Meliaceae
    Hypsipyla Shoot Borers in Meliaceae Proceedings of an International Workshop held at Kandy, Sri Lanka 20–23 August 1996 Editors: R.B. Floyd and C. Hauxwell Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra, 2001 i The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR PROCEEDINGS This series of publications includes the full proceedings of research workshops or symposia organised or supported by ACIAR. Numbers in this series are distributed internationally to selected individuals and scientific institutions. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT 2601 Floyd, R.B. and Hauxwell, C., ed. 2001. Hypsipyla Shoot Borers in Meliaceae. Proceedings of an International Workshop, Kandy, Sri Lanka 20–23 August 1996. ACIAR Proceedings No. 97, 189pp. ISBN 0 642 45621 6 (print) ISBN 0 642 45624 0 (electronic) Editorial management: P.W. Lynch Production editing: PK Editorial Services Pty Ltd, Brisbane Typesetting, page layout and illustrations: Sun Photoset Pty Ltd, Brisbane Printing: Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne ii CONTENTS Foreword v Country Reports Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Sri Lanka D. Tilakaratna 3 Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in India R.V. Varma 7 Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Bangladesh M.W. Baksha 10 Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Philippines E.B.
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION Meliaceae Is a Large Family Containing 49–50 Genera
    THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 43: 79–86. 2015. Toona calcicola, a new species and Reinwardtiodendron humile, a new record to Thailand SUKID RUEANGRUEA1, SHUICHIRO TAGANE2,*, SOMRAN SUDDEE1, NAIYANA TETSANA1, MANOP POOPATH1, HIDETOSHI NAGAMASU3 & AKIYO NAIKI4 ABSTRACT. Two species of Meliaceae, Toona calcicola and Reinwardtiodendron humile are newly added for fl ora of Thailand. Toona calcicola, a new species from Suan Hin Pha Ngam Forest Park, Loei Province, is described and illustrated. This species is endemic to ridge of limestone hill and characterized by Cycas petraea A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill and Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep. Since this is the fi rst account of the genus Reinwardtiodendron to the fl ora of Thailand, the key to the genera of Meliaceae (based on fl owers) in Thailand is revised. KEY WORDS: Meliaceae, Reinwardtiodendron, Toona, new species, new record, Flora of Thailand. INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION Meliaceae is a large family containing 49–50 genera and ca 620 species and distributed in pan- Toona calcicola Rueangr., Tagane & Suddee, sp. tropical area expanding to temperate zone (Mabberley nov. et al., 2007). In Southeast Asia, species of Meliaceae Erect infl orescences and subsessile to short are widely found from lowlands to higher elevation petiolules up to 2 mm long are characteristic of this highlands, and are one of important components in species, differing from all the other species of tropical and subtropical evergreen forests. In Thailand, Toona. Phenotypically similar to Toona ciliata M. 18 genera, 84 species, 3 subspecies and 4 varieties Roem. but differs in having puberulent leaf blades were recognized (Wongprasert et al., 2011; Pooma on both surfaces, cordate leaf base (vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Azadirachta Indica A
    Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), Part VII [1] Salimuzzaman Siddiqui*, Shaheen Faizi, and Bina Shaheen Siddiqui H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-32, Pakistan Z. Naturforsch. 41b, 922 — 924 (1986); received September 30, 1985 Azadirachta indica, Meliaceae , 7-Deacetoxy-7 a-hydroxyazadiradione A new limonoid, nimbocinol, has been isolated from the fresh, undried, ripe fruits of Azadirachta indica (neem) along with known components, azadirone, epoxyazadiradione, azadiradione, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione and cholesterol. It is the first report of the isola­ tion of cholesterol from any part of the neem tree. Introduction unsaturated carbonyl), 1690 (cyclopentenone) and 3450 (OH). The molecular formula suggested the Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) is indige­ presence of 11 double bond equivalents, 3 of which nous to the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent and its various have been accounted for by a furan ring, 4 by two parts are reputed as therapeutic agents [2, 3]. Some a,/3-unsaturated ketone systems and the remaining 4 of the constituents of neem have recently been by the four rings of the nucleus. These suggestions shown to possess significant pesticidal activity [4]. were further supported by the mass spectrum of nim­ More recent studies undertaken on the fresh, un­ bocinol which showed peaks at mle 137 (ring-A with dried, uncrushed, ripe and unripe, fruits and the un­ a,/?-unsaturated ketone), and mle 81 (ion “a”) in dried leaves of the plant by Siddiqui et al. have led to addition to peaks at mle 408 (M+), 393 (M-15)+, the isolation and structure elucidation of nine new 390 (M-18)+, 375 (M-18-15)+, 328 (M-80)+, 309 triterpenoids viz, nimolicinol [5], nimocinol [ 6], (M-81-18)+, 299 (M-109)+ and 227 (ion “b”).
    [Show full text]
  • Population Genetic Structure of Mahogany (Swietenia Macrophylla
    Molecular Ecology (2003) 12,2875-2883 doi: 10.1046/j.l365-294X.2003.01950.x Population genetic structure of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King, Meliaceae) across the Brazilian Amazon, based on variation at microsatellite loci: implications for conservation MARISTERRA R. LEMES,*t ROGERIO GRIBEL,*JOHN PROCTORt and DARIO GRATTAPAGLIAJ§ *Laboratorio de Genetica e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas, Institute) National de Pesquisas da Amazonia, C.P. 478, 69011-970 Manaus-AM, Brazil, ^Department of Biological Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK, \haboraiorio de Genetica de Plantas, EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, C.P. 02372, 70770-900 Brastlia-DF, Brazil, %Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Genomica, Pos-Graduaqao em Ciencias Genomicas, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, SGAN 916 Mod. B, Asa Norte, 70790-160, Brasilia-DF, Brazil Abstract Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla, Meliaceae) is the most valuable and intensively exploited Neotropical tree. No information is available regarding the genetic structure of mahogany in South America, yet the region harbours most of the unlogged populations of this prized hardwood. Here we report on the genetic diversity within and the differentiation among seven natural populations separated by up to 2100 km along the southern arc of the Brazilian Amazon basin. We analysed the variation at eight microsatellite loci for 194 adult individuals. All loci were highly variable, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 13 to 27 (mean = 18.4). High levels of genetic diversity were found for all populations at the eight loci (mean ffE = 0.781, range 0.754-0.812). We found moderate but statistically significant genetic differentiation among populations considering both estimators of FST and RST, 9 = 0.097 and p = 0.147, respectively.
    [Show full text]