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Littoral Gammaridean Amphipoda from the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands

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Littoral Gammaridean Amphipoda from the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands Littoral Gammaridean Amphipoda from the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands J. LAURENS· BARNARD mut. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY · NUMBER 271 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Pa/eob/o/ogy Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY · NUMBER 271 Littoral Gammaridean Amphipoda from the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands J. Lanrens Barnard SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1979 ABSTRACT Barnard, J. Laurens. Littoral Gammaridean Amphipoda from the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 271, 149 pages, 74 figures, 11 tables, 1979.—Less than 40 percent of the Galapagan littoral Gammaridea are endemic and almost all affinity lies with the eastern Pacific continental fauna. The strictly littoral Gammaridea of the Galapagos Islands and the Gulf of California are impoverished of specific diversity in comparison with the richer shores of California and Australia. Evolutionary events at high level are few in the entire eastern Padfic Ocean. Only one family, Bateidae, is endemic to American waters and the majority of species belong to "invasive" cosmopolitan genera. Newly described genera are Anchialella, Poso- photis, Varohios, and Zoedeutopus, and new species are described in the following genera: Ampithoe, Anchialella, Dulzura, Elasmopus, Gitanopsis, Heterophlias, Hyale, Lembos, Maera, Microjassa, Najna, Pontogeneia, Posophotis, Varohios, Zoedeutopus. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavemosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Barnard, Jerry Laurens, 1928- Littoral gammaridean Amphipoda from the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 271) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 157:271 1. Amphipoda—California, Gulf of. 2. Amphipoda—Galapagos Islands. 3. Crustacea—Califor- nia, Gulf of. 4. Crustacea—Galapagos Islands. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 271. QL1.S54 no. 271 [QL444.M315] 59l'.O8s [595'.37l'O9l64l] 78-606012 Contents Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 1 Methods 2 Figure Abbreviations 3 Exploration and Environment 3 The Fauna of Gammaridea 5 Biogeography 8 AMPELISCIDAE 13 Ampelisca lobata Holmes 13 Ampelisca schellenbergi Shoemaker 14 AMPHILOCHIDAE 14 Amphilochns }neapolitœnus Delia Valle 14 Amphilochus picadurus J. L. Barnard 14 Gitanopsis baciroa, new species 14 AMPITHOIDAE 16 Ampithoe guaspare, new species 16 Ampithoe plumulosa Shoemaker 18 Ampithoe plumulosa tepahue, new subspecies 18 Ampithoe pollex Kunkel 18 Ampithoe ramondi Audouin 20 Ampithoe tahue, new species 20 Ampithoe vacoregue, new species 21 Ampithoe kulafi J. L. Barnard 21 ANAMIXIDAE 21 Anamixis linsleyi J. L. Barnard 21 BATEIDAE 21 Batea rectangulata Shoemaker 21 Batea susurrator J. L. Barnard : 21 Batea transversa Shoemaker 23 COLOMASTIGIDAE 24 Colomastix species 24 COROPHIIDAE 24 Acuminodeutopus periculosus J. L. Barnard 24 Cheiriphotis megacheles (Giles) 24 Chevalia aviculae Walker 24 Corophium baconi Shoemaker 24 Ericthonius brasiliensis (Dana) 24 Gammaropsis tonichi (J. L. Barnard) 25 Lembos Bate 25 Key to the Males of the Species of Lembos from the Eastern Pacific Ocean 25 Lembos macromanus (Shoemaker) 25 Lembos achire, new species 25 iii SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY IV Page Lembos tehuecos, new species 27 Microdeutopus Costa 30 Microdeutopus hancocki Myers 30 Microdeutopus schmitti Shoemaker 30 Photis Krøyer 30 Photis elephantis J. L. Barnard 30 Posophotis, new genus 30 Posophotis seri, new species 31 Rudilemboides J. L. Barnard 34 Rudilemboides stenopropodus J. L. Barnard 34 Varohios, new genus 34 Varohios topianus, new species 35 Zoedeutopus, new genus 37 Zoedeutopus cinaloanus, new species 38 DEXAMINIDAE 38 Polycheria osborni Caiman 38 EUSIRIDAE 38 Pontogeneia Boeck 38 Pontogeneia inermis (Krøyer) 43 Pontogeneia intermedia Gurjanova 43 Pontogeneia opata, new species 43 Pontogeneia rostrata Gurjanova 49 Tethygeneia J. L. Barnard 49 Tethygeneia nasa (J. L. Barnard), new combination 49 Tethygeneia? quinsana (J. L. Barnard), new combination 53 GAMMARIDAE 53 Anchialella, new genus 53 Anchialella vulcanella, new species 54 Ceradocus Costa 54 Ceradocus paucidentatus J. L. Barnard 54 Dulzura J. L. Barnard 54 Dulzura gal, new species 54 Elasmopus Costa 57 Specific Characters in Elasmopus 58 Key to the Males of the Species of Eastern Pacific Elasmopus and the E. rapax Complex of Hawaii 60 Elasmopus antennatus (Stout) 61 Elasmopus bampo, new species 61 Elasmopus ?ecuadorensis Schellenberg 64 Elasmopus hau>aiensis Schellenberg, new status 67 Elasmopus mayo, new species 67 Elasmopus ocoroni, new species 68 Elasmopus ?rapax Costa from Eastern Pacific 69 Elasmopus serricatus J. L. Barnard, new status 73 Elasmopus temori, new species 75 Elasmopus tiburoni, new species 77 Elasmopus tubar, new species 79 Elasmopus zoanthidea, new species 79 Galapsiellus J. L. Barnard 83 NUMBER 271 Page Galapsiellus leleuporum (Monod) 83 Maera Leach 83 Maera reishi, new species 83 Maera chinarra, new species 86 Maera simile Stout 88 Melita Leach 88 Melita sulca (Stout) 88 Meximaera J. L. Barnard 88 Meximaera diffidentia J. L. Barnard 88 HYALIDAE 90 A llorchestes Dana 90 Allorchestes angusta Dana 91 Allorchestes bellabella J. L. Barnard 94 Allorchestes carinata Iwasa, new status 96 Hyale Rathke 98 Key to the Males of the Species of Hyale from Mexico, California, and the Galapagos Islands 98 Hyale darwini, new species 99 Hyale rubra (Thomson) 101 Hyale canalina, new species 102 Hyale yaqui, new species 104 Hyale zuaque, new species 108 Hyale guasave, new species Ill Hyale frequens (Stout) 114 Hyale anceps (J. L. Barnard) 114 Hyale plumulosa (Stimpson) 114 The Hyale grandicornis Complex 114 Key to the Males of the Species in the Hyale grandicornis Complex from the Pacific Ocean 115 Hyale species 115 Hyale californica J. L. Barnard, new status 116 Hyale humboldti, new species 116 Najna Derzhavin 118 Najna kitamati, new species 118 Parallorchestes Shoemaker and Parhyale Stebbing 119 Key to the Species of Parhyale and Parallorchestes 120 Parallorchestes ochotensis (Brandt) 120 Parhyale plumicomis (Heller) 121 Parhyale? zibellina Derzhavin 121 Parhyale? iwasai Shoemaker 121 Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana) 122 Parhyale eburnea Krapp-Schickel 122 Parhyale penicillata Shoemaker, new status 123 Parhyale fascigera Stebbing 123 Parhyale aquilina (Costa) 126 Parhyale species 126 Parhyale species of Bulycheva 127 Parhyale inyacka (K. H. Barnard) 127 VI SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Page ISCH YROCERIDAE 127 Microjassa chinipa, new species 127 Microjassa macrocoxa Shoemaker 128 LEUCOTHOIDAE 128 Leucothoe alata J. L. Barnard 128 Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard) 129 Leucothoides pacifica J. L. Barnard 130 Leucothoides pottsi Shoemaker 130 Leucothoides ?yarrega J. L. Barnard 130 LYSIANASSIDAE 130 Lysianassa dissimiïis (Stout) 130 Lysianassa holmesi (J. L. Barnard) 130 Lysianassa macromera (Shoemaker) 130 PHLIANTIDAE 131 Heterophlias seclusus escabrosa J. L. Barnard 131 Heterophlias galapagoanus, new species 131 PHOXOCEPHALIDAE 133 Metaphoxus frequens J. L. Barnard 133 "Paraphoxus" spinosus Holmes 133 PODOCERIDAE 134 Podocerus fidanus J. L. Barnard 134 Podocerus spp 137 Appendix: Station Data 138 Literature Cited 141 Index 147 Littoral Gammaridean Amphipoda from the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands J. Laurens Barnard Introduction University of Arizona provided many collections for examination. Many of the drawings were made by The intertidal faunas of crustaceous Gammaridea Mrs. Wilma A. Findley; she, Carolyn
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