DOCSLIB.ORG

National Conference for Cleaner Public Life1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Conference for Cleaner Public Life1 National Conference for Cleaner Public 1 Life Budapest, 20-21. March 2003 1 Organized jointly by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Secretariat Responsible for Public Assets of the Prime Minister’s Office 08/03/04 TABLE OF CONTENTS I FOREWORD.....................................................................................................................5 II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................7 A Introduction.......................................................................................................................7 B. United Nation’s Support for the Hungarian Programme.............................................8 1. About the Global Program against Corruption...............................................................8 2. Hungary: pilot country for the Global Program against Corruption...............................8 C. National Integrity Meeting for Cleaner Public Life ......................................................9 Broadbased Assessment Conducted by Gallup ..................................................................9 D. Action Plan ........................................................................................................................9 1. Ethical Issues, lobbying, asset control, financing of political parties.............................9 2. Public procurement, supplying, public procurement culture........................................10 3. Education, human development, polling ......................................................................10 4. Crime prevention, fighting crime, public administration .............................................10 5. Subsidies, monitoring, inspection systems, contradictions in the tax system ..............10 E. Next steps .........................................................................................................................11 F. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................12 III NATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR CLEANER PUBLIC LIFE................................13 A. Introduction.....................................................................................................................13 B. Honest Public Life- Strong Public.................................................................................16 C. Global Dynamics of Corruption ....................................................................................18 D. The Global Programme against Corruption................................................................22 1. The challenge................................................................................................................22 2. The response; ................................................................................................................22 3. Country Projects ...........................................................................................................22 4. Tools .............................................................................................................................23 E. Building Integrity To Curb Corruption .......................................................................24 1. The Issues .....................................................................................................................24 2 Impact of current anit corruption initiatives? ...............................................................30 3. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................34 4. Bibliographical References...........................................................................................36 IV BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................38 A. Hungarian participation in the Global Program against Corruption of the UN (1999-2002)................................................................................................................38 B. The Action Plan Against Corruption ............................................................................43 C. Defining Corruption .......................................................................................................46 1. “Grand” and “Petty” Corruption...................................................................................46 2. “Active” and “Passive” Corruption ..............................................................................46 3. Bribery ..........................................................................................................................47 4. Embezzlement, Theft and Fraud...................................................................................48 6. Extortion .......................................................................................................................49 7. Abuse of discretion .......................................................................................................49 8. Favouritism, Nepotism and Clientelism .......................................................................49 9. Conduct Creating or Exploiting Conflicting Interests ..................................................50 10. Improper Political Contributions..............................................................................50 D. Gallup-Researches on Corruption ................................................................................50 2 08/03/04 IV POSITIONS OF THE KEY POLITICAL PARTIES .................................................62 A. The government of the national centre: a new approach in the fight against corruption ........................................................................................................................62 B. Management of public monies, state and municipality property...............................64 C. What did the MDF do against corruption under the Orbán government.................67 V. MEASURES TO BUILD INTEGRITY TO CURB CORRUPTION.........................70 A. Legislation against Corruption (in harmony with the European Union ...................70 1. The legal package includes five main themes: .............................................................70 2. About trade secrets........................................................................................................71 3. The budget act...............................................................................................................71 4 Criminal law..................................................................................................................72 5. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................73 B. Crime prevention and crime punishment against corruption....................................73 C. The role of the Hungarian Customs and Finance Guard in the fight against corruption ........................................................................................................................80 This expostulation is eternal. ............................................................................................80 2. What were our measures? Here I will list only a few – the most important ones: 81 D. The importance of a Code of Ethics as a weapon in the fight against corruption ........................................................................................................................84 1. Justification of the Codes..............................................................................................84 2. Creation of the Code .....................................................................................................85 3.The circle of subjects .....................................................................................................86 4. Spheres of regulation that should be included actual in the objective regulation ........86 5. Coming into force of the Codes’ contents; why would corruption be curbed? ............87 6. Sanctions.......................................................................................................................87 E. Are there suitable tools to be used against corruption occurring during the tender procedures? .........................................................................................................89 F. The problems of monitoring international transactions .............................................95 G. Activities of the prosecutors’ organisation in the fight against corruption................100 VI ACTION PLANS DEVELOPED BY THE FIVE GROUPS ....................................104 A. Group 1: Ethical matters, lobbying, property accounting, financing of political parties..............................................................................................................104 1. The necessity and effect of ethical codes....................................................................104 2. Necessity and effects of modifying party financing ...................................................104 3. Need for a lobbying act and the possible directions of regulation .............................105 4. Property accounting ...................................................................................................106 B. Group 2: Public procurement, supplying, procurement culture..............................108 1. Preparation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Customs-Business Partnerships
    No 61 FEBRUARY 2010 W CONEWS www.wcoomd.org Customs-Business Partnerships: Customs - Business Partnership combiningPartenariat Douane - Entreprisesour talents! ena part rIat WCO Data Model: CoopérationWCO data MOdel Innovation cross-border transactions on the fast track facilitation receives a boost s e s D ORGANISATION MONDIALE DES DOUANES I o r u p a e n r e t n CENcomm:e anticipationoperational data exchange optimized Conjuguons nos talents pour être plus performants! World Customs Organization f l a s h i N f O 2 WCO News – No 61 – February 2010 Customs - Business Partnership Partenariat Douane - Entreprises Content WCOW NE s n° 61 February 2010 4 Calendar 36 In conversation • Mr. Jean Rozwadowski, Secretary General of the 5 Editorial International Chamber of Commerce • Mr. Thomas Schoeneck, Chairperson of the WCO Finance 6 Buzz Committee 9 Flash Info 41 Our Members world 15 Special Dossier 47 Zoom • Information, consultation and cooperation; the main • Tunisia's General Directorate of Customs ingredients of the WCO-Trade partnership • TAXUD talks business 48 Point of View • Customs and business: partners in fighting illegal • The success story of the Montreal Protocol on Substances movements of hazardous waste that Deplete the Ozone Layer • Focusing Customs on client service • The role of the private sector in trade facilitation 51 Events • UNEP’s Public-Private Partnership strengthens Customs’ • Fifth Global Congress on Combating Counterfeiting and environment protection role Piracy, Cancun (Mexico) • Mozambique maximizes revenue
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Lanka: Company Perspectives an Itc Series on Non-Tariff Measures
    TECHNICAL PAPER SRI LANKA: COMPANY PERSPECTIVES AN ITC SERIES ON NON-TARIFF MEASURES Street address P: +41 22 730 0111 Postal address International Trade Centre F: +41 22 733 4439 International Trade Centre 54-56 Rue de Montbrillant E: [email protected] Palais des Nations 1202 Geneva, Switzerland www.intracen.org 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. SRI LANKA: COMPANY PERSPECTIVES AN ITC SERIES ON NON-TARIFF MEASURES SRI LANKA: COMPANY PERSPECTIVES AN ITC SERIES ON NON-TARIFF MEASURES Abstract for trade information services ID=42449 2011 C-45 144 SRI International Trade Centre (ITC) Sri Lanka: Company Perspectives An ITC Series on Non-Tariff Measures. Geneva: ITC, 2011. xvi, 93 pages (International Trade Centre Series on Non-Tariff Measures) Doc. No. MAR-11-207.E First in a series of country reports assessing the impact of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) on the business sector, based on a large-scale survey conducted in Sri Lankan with companies directly reporting burdensome NTMs and the reasons why they consider them to be trade barriers analyzes survey findings and compares them to other sources on NTMs to identify regulatory, procedural and infrastructural obstacles in Sri Lanka and its partner countries; outlines policy options for each sector including clothing, textiles, chemicals, plastics and rubber-based products; tea and other agro-based products, includes NTM classification and bibliographical references (pp. 91-93). Descriptors: Sri Lanka, Non-Tariff Measures, Trade Policy, SMEs. For further information on this technical paper, contact Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts, Components and Ammunition To, from and Across the European Union
    Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union REGIONAL ANALYSIS REPORT 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2020 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union REGIONAL ANALYSIS REPORT UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2020 © United Nations, 2020. All rights reserved, worldwide. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copy- right holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any written output that uses this publication as a source at [email protected]. DISCLAIMERS This report was not formally edited. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, nor do they imply any endorsement. Information on uniform resource locators and links to Internet sites contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issuance. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website. This document was produced with the financial support of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper 65
    Working Paper 65 The Political Economy of Long-Term Revenue Decline in Sri Lanka Mick Moore February 2017 www.ictd.ac ICTD Working Paper 65 The Political Economy of Long-Term Revenue Decline in Sri Lanka Mick Moore February 2017 1 The International Centre for Tax and Development is a global policy research network that deals with the political economy of taxation policies and practices in relation to the poorer parts of the world. Its operational objectives are to generate and disseminate relevant knowledge to policymakers and to mobilise knowledge in ways that will widen and deepen public debate about taxation issues within poorer countries. Its ultimate objective is to contribute to development in the poorer parts of the world and help make taxation policies more conducive to pro-poor economic growth and good governance. The ICTD’s research strategy and organisational structures are designed to bring about productive interaction between established experts and new stakeholders. The ICTD is funded with UK aid from the UK Government, and by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), a directorate under the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA); however, the views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the UK and Norwegian Governments’ official policies. The Political Economy of Long-Term Revenue Decline in Sri Lanka Mick Moore ICTD Working Paper 65 First published by the Institute of Development Studies in February 2017 © Institute of Development Studies 2017 ISBN: 978-1-78118-349-6 This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International license, which permits downloading and sharing provided the original authors and source are credited – but the work is not used for commercial purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping of Child Protection Accountability Mechanisms in Armed Conflict in Africa
    1 LIST OF ACRONYMS Save the Children Somalia MAPPING OF CHILD PROTECTION ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS IN ARMED CONFLICT IN AFRICA SAVE THE CHILDREN 1 MAPPING OF CHILD PROTECTION ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS IN ARMED CONFLICT IN AFRICA ARMED CONFLICT IN MECHANISMS IN ACCOUNTABILITY MAPPING OF CHILD PROTECTION Save the Children Somalia 2 SAVE THE CHILDREN Save the Children is the world’s leading independent organisation for children. Save the Children works in more than 120 countries. We save children’s lives. We fight for their rights. We help them fulfil their potential. 1 LIST OF ACRONYMS Our vision A world in which every child attains the right to survival, protection, development and participation. Our mission To inspire breakthroughs in the way the world treats children and to achieve immediate and lasting change in their lives. We will stay true to our values of accountability, ambition, collaboration, creativity and integrity. Published by: Save the Children International East and Southern Africa Regional Office Regional Programming Unit Protecting Children in Conflict P.O. Box 19423-00202 Nairobi, Kenya Cellphone: +254 711 090 000 [email protected] www.savethechildren.net Save the Children East & Southern Africa Region SaveTheChildren E&SA @ESASavechildren https://www.youtube.com/channel/ UCYafJ7mw4EutPvYSkpnaruQ Project Lead: Anthony Njoroge Technical Lead: Fiona Otieno Reviewers: Simon Kadima, Joram Kibigo, Maryline Njoroge, Alexandra Chege, Mory Camara, Måns Welander, Anta Fall, Liliane Coulibaly, and Rita Kirema. © Save the Children International August 2019 Photos: Save the Children SAVE THE CHILDREN 3 Save the Children is the world’s leading independent organisation for children. Save the Children works in more than 120 countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Lanka Customs Regulations
    SRI LANKA CUSTOMS REGULATIONS Page 1 Goods Documents required Customs Prescriptions Remarks REMOVAL GOODS ORIGINAL BILL OF LADING / AIR WAY BILL Duty Free Importation Provided: The owner must be present in Sri Lanka prior PASSPORTS (Old/New) of the whole family 1. The bagged is “bonafide”, i.e. it should to Customs Clearance can be undertaken. RESIDENT VISA (1 year for Foreign Nationals) consist of goods for personal use and for the PACKING INVENTORY in English (detailed) use of the family members only. It Should Surface shipments should arrive in Sri Lanka INSURANCE CERTIFICATE NOT INCLUDE: within three months of owner’s arrival. BANK GUARANTEE – For (FCL / FCL) • Goods in commercial Quantities Air shipments should arrive in Sri Lanka Shipments only- (to move container out of • Goods for others within one month of owner’s arrival. Colombo Seaport without customs inspection • Goods (unaccompanied baggage) to relevant residence/warehouse) which arrive after 90 days of client’s arrival. In the absence of the Owner a registered DUTY FREE CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE – for (legalized) Power of Attorney must be diplomatic shipments issued by the Ministry 2.Make a written declaration. Fill all sections of submitted with a copy of Passport. of Foreign Affairs in Sri Lanka the form, with Passport No., last date of PHOTOGRAPHS- for Antique Furniture, departure from Sri Lanka, and date of arrival FCL and Air Shipments must be cleared within statues, ebony would be of assistance at etc., All currencies, gold jewellery etc., must be three days of landing LCL shipments must be the time of Re- Export declared with details.
    [Show full text]
  • Customs Brokers and the COVID-19 Crisis
    WCO news n°92 | June 2020 COVID-19 Impact, challenges, lessons learned and way forward World Customs Organization mag.wcoomd.org WB IT SOLUTIONS (WCO).pdf 1 09/06/2020 12:51 PM LEADER IN TRADE FACILITATION AND PROCESS AUTOMATION CUSTOMS SOLUTIONS HEALTH PORT SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Your trusted I.T partner SINGLE AUTOMOBILE WINDOW SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS MINING SOLUTIONS COMMENDATIONS: 2014 WCO Commendation for Nigeria Trade Hub 2015 WCO Certificate of Merit - Nigeria 2017 WCO Certificate of Merit - Ghana [email protected] www.westblueconsulting.com WB IT SOLUTIONS (WCO).pdf 1 09/06/2020 12:51 PM LEADER IN TRADE FACILITATION HIGHLIGHTS WCO news n° 92 June 2020 3 AND PROCESS AUTOMATION 26 DOSSIER Sri Lanka Customs 46 DOSSIER and the COVID-19 pandemic Controlling the CUSTOMS trade in wild plant SOLUTIONS resources HEALTH PORT SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS 50 PANORAMA 61 PANORAMA Deepening C Evolution of data Customs-to-Customs M Y analysis at Dominican collaboration: the URA-KRA story CM Customs MY CY CMY K Your trusted I.T partner SINGLE AUTOMOBILE WINDOW SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS 79 FOCUS Accessing internet domain name ownership MINING information SOLUTIONS COMMENDATIONS: 2014 WCO Commendation for Nigeria Trade Hub 2015 WCO Certificate of Merit - Nigeria 2017 WCO Certificate of Merit - Ghana [email protected] www.westblueconsulting.com TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 FLASH INFO 5 Controlling general aviation: WCO mapping tool nearing completion 6 Handbook on Customs – FIU cooperation 7 Where there’s a way, there's a will: how the WCO
    [Show full text]
  • Forced Displacement and Asylum Policy in the Developing World∗
    Forced Displacement and Asylum Policy in the Developing World∗ Christopher W. Blair,y Guy Grossman,z and Jeremy M. Weinstein,§ July 9, 2020 Abstract Little theoretical or empirical work examines migration policy in the developing world. We introduce an original dataset of de jure asylum and refugee policies covering more than 90 developing countries that are presently excluded from existing indices of migration policy. We examine descriptive trends in the data, and test the determinants of asylum policymaking, as well as the effects of asylum policies on forced displacement flows. Qualitative evidence from interviews in Uganda bolster our quantitative results. A number of key findings emerge. Intense, proximate civil wars are the primary impetus for asylum policy change in the Global South. While wealthier countries tend to carry out restrictive changes, liberalizing changes are made by regimes led by political elites whose ethnic kin confront discrimination or violence in neighboring countries. There is no systematic evidence that repressive regimes liberalize asylum policy in exchange for economic assistance from Western actors. Developing world asylum policy matters because more liberal policies attract more migrants. This effect is conditional on policy knowledge. Transnational ethnic linkages and mobile penetration facilitate the spread of information about asylum policies and ease integration. Liberal policies on access to services, employment rights, and free movement are particularly attractive. ∗Generous support for this research was provided by the Fels Policy Research Initiative at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, and the King Center on Global Development at Stanford University. We thank Sarah Bermeo, Maggie Peters, Jim Fearon, David Leblang, Beth Elise Whitaker, Michael Kenwick, and participants at the Penn Identity and Conflict Lab, the UNHCR-World Bank Group Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement, and the 2020 Annual Conference of the Southern Political Science Associa- tion for helpful comments and advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Facilitation in the Criminal Justice System a Systems Analysis of Corruption in the Police and Courts in Northern Uganda
    OCCASIONAL PAPER Institute for Human Security • The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy • Tufts University • +1 (617) 627-7940 • fletcher.tufts.edu/IHS SEPTEMBER 2016 Series 1, Number 2 Facilitation in the Criminal Justice System A Systems Analysis of Corruption in the Police and Courts in Northern Uganda. CHEYANNE SCHARBAtke-ChurCH AND DIANA CHIGAS WITH ASSISTANCE FROM SASKIA BRECHENMACHER, TEDDY ATIM, JULIET H. HATANGA, SOPHIA DAWKINS Institute for Human Security The Institute for Human Security (IHS) at The Fletcher School, Tufts Acknowledgements University focuses on the security and protection of individuals and communities while promoting peace and sustainable development. To achieve this, IHS catalyzes collaboration between and creates syn- The authors would like to extend their gratitude to a ergies among the fields that place people at the center of concern: con- number of talented individuals who made this proj- flict resolution, human rights, humanitarian studies, and political and economic development. Our research, education, and policy engage- ect possible. As a field research team Saskia Brech- ment emphasize the following principles: protection and promotion enmacher, Teddy Atim and Juliet Hatanga are in a of the rights of at-risk populations, empowerment of people, and pro- motion of responsible government and institutional practices. league of their own. Their intelligence, hard work For more information on the research project, please visit and critical thinking contributed greatly to the pro- fletcher.tufts.edu/Institute-for-Human-Security/Research/Build- cess. Sophia Dawkins was an important discussion ing-State-Legitimacy partner with a keen eye to evidence and logical argu- Corruption, Justice and Legitimacy Project mentation.
    [Show full text]
  • SYMPOSIUM on COMBATING WILDLIFE CRIME Securing Enforcement, Ensuring Justice, and Upholding the Rule of Law the Proceedings
    SYMPOSIUM ON COMBATING WILDLIFE CRIME Securing Enforcement, Ensuring Justice, and Upholding the Rule of Law The Proceedings Editors Kala K. Mulqueeny Francesse Joy J. Cordon SYMPOSIUM ON COMBATING WILDLIFE CRIME Securing Enforcement, Ensuring Justice, and Upholding the Rule of Law The Proceedings Editors Kala K. Mulqueeny Francesse Joy J. Cordon © 2014 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. Published in 2014. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9254-791-2 (Print), 978-92-9254-792-9 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT146586-3 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Mulqueeny, Kala K. and Francesse Joy J. Cordon, eds. Symposium on combating wildlife crime: Securing enforcement, ensuring justice, and upholding the rule of law. The proceedings. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2014. 1. Environmental enforcement. 2. Wildlife crimes. 3. Law enforcement agencies. 4. Environmental jurisprudence. 5. Courts. 6. Rule of law. 7. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2015 | N° 78 | WCO News
    October 2015 | n° 78 | www.wcoomd.org WCO news E-commerce Council 2015 Tobacco control ...and lots more World Customs Organization © Guido Alberto Rossi INTEGRATE AND OPTIMIZE CARGO SCREENING OPERATIONS Streamline Your Operation and Lower Resource Costs with ClearView™. L-3’s ClearView software solution brings new value-added capabilities to customs and security operations, delivering maximum efficiency, lower resource costs and support for diverse multi-vendor legacy NII systems. Operating in a secure, broad enterprise network environment, ClearView seamlessly combines image analysis, system operations and data from all scanning systems onto a single, centralized display. This collaborative detection capability yields higher throughput, greater operational efficiency and increased probability of detection. Our team is ready to do for you what we’re already delivering for customers globally. For a live demo, visit L-3 the Corporate Sponsor at the WCO Technology & Innovation Forum, 26-29 October, Booth 56 & 57, World Trade Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands Security & Detection Systems L-3com.com AD WCO CLEARVIEW FINAL.indd 1 9/30/15 3:19 PM WCO news N° 78 October 2015 Content 04 Flash info 10 Dossier 70 32 Focus 66 Singapore’s ‘whole-of- 54 Panorama Illegal wildlife trade: an government’ approach outline of the problems to coordinated border 76 Book review facing Peru management 79 Point of view 83 Events 76 74 Tobacco control, Sri Lanka Customs’ international trade, and response to a natural public health disaster DOSSIER: COUNCIL 2015
    [Show full text]
  • Version: 13 February 2014 1 Country Profile: Uganda Marco Jowell
    Version: 13 February 2014 Country Profile: Uganda Marco Jowell School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London Active Armed Helicopters Defense Budget Uniformed UN UN Other Force1 Peacekeepers Contribution Significant/Official Breakdown Deployments 45,000 10 2010: US$230m 61 UNMIL 14 AMISOM: 6,700 (1.42% of GDP) (13 women) police troops, Deputy Force World Ranking Attack: 1 (2 (31 Jan. 2014) Commander (size): 68th more non-op) 2011: US$181m UNMISS 40 (1 (1.04% of GDP) Ranking: 76th troop, 38 UN-AU RTF anti- Army: 45,000 Multirole: 5 (29th African police, 1 LRA: 2,000 troops Air force: n/a 2012: US$211m contributor) expert) Multirole / (1.03% of GDP) South Sudan: 850 Para-military: Transport: 4 UNOCI: 7 (2 troops (January 1,800 (incl. 1 VIP) troops, 5 2014) experts) Defense Spending/ Active troop:2 US$7,600 (compared to global average of approx. US$70,300) Part 1: Recent Trends Uganda is a relative newcomer to peacekeeping. In part, this is due to its history of civil and regional conflict that only really subsided in 2006. Since coming to power in 1986 the National Resistance Movement (NRM) was engaged in combat in northern Uganda until 2006 and in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) until 2003. Uganda has participated in some peacekeeping operations in the 1990s, including providing some troops and the Deputy Force Commander Brigadier (now Lt-Gen) Ivan Koreta to the UN Mission in Liberia. However it was only after national deployments post-2003 were drawn down that peacekeeping has become a major option for the Ugandan military.
    [Show full text]