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A nightscape • • Issue # 75 75 # Issue Photograph by Laurent Laveder SCG_K901 Dark Sky_111708:Layout 1 11/17/08 2:18 PM Page 1

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Northport, Alabama ■ Jefferson, Ohio ■ Atchison, Kansas ■ Burlington, Ontario Dear Members, InternationalID Dark-ASky Association The mission of the International Dark-Sky Association 2008 has been a landmark year for the International Dark-Sky Association! (IDA) is to preserve and protect the nighttime environment and our heritage of dark skies. IDA was incorporated in he vision of Dr. David Crawford and Dr. Tim Hunter, founders of IDA 20 years 1988 as a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization Tago, is reaching critical mass with advances worldwide in the pursuit of dark sky (FIN 74-2493011). awareness and the sensitivity of various lighting applications in the nightscape. Sections & Affiliates The highlights of 2008 extend far and wide: High visibility articles and features in the National Geographic magazine, Sections Argentina, Australia, Canada (3), Chile, Česká Republika/Czech Republic, China, Éire/Ireland, the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal outlined the environmental, Israel, Ελλάςα/Greece, 香港/Hong Kong, Italia/Italy, health, and human heritage implications of less-than-ideal applications of outdoor 日本/Japan, Malta, Österreich/Austria, Slovenija/ lighting systems. Slovenia, Schweiz/Switzerland, Sverige/Sweden, The IDA Asia-Pacific office continues to make inroads into China, Southeast United States (34) Asia, India and the Middle East. Director Reg Wilson is also part of the committee Affiliates België/Belgium, Deutschland/Germany, France, Nederland/Netherlands, Polska/Poland, United that is in the process of updating the Australian National Outdoor Lighting Kingdom, United States (8) Standard that will build upon past successes “Down Under.” The 20th Anniversary IDA Annual Meeting saw the presentation of the Board of Directors Inaugural David L. Crawford Lifetime Achievement Award to Jack Sales to com- President Christian Monrad P.E. memorate all that Dr. Crawford and Jack Sales have done for the organization. Vice President Buell Jannuzi European IDA members and affiliates extended their influence in numerous Secretary Daniel Brocious jurisdictions and Freidel Pas, IDA’s European Office Director, was awarded the Treasurer James Benya 2008 IDA Hoag-Robinson Award. Dr. Chris Baddiley’s watershed study on sky Members Kelly Beatty; Nancy Clanton; Paul Ericson; glow was published and also presented at the 2008 IDA Annual Meeting as well Audrey Fischer; Terry McGowan; Martin Morgan-Taylor; Leo Smith; Friedel Pas; Wout van Bommel; Robert as the very successful 2008 European Symposium for the Protection of the Night Wagner; Christopher Walker; Reginald Wilson Sky, where Dr. Baddiley earned the Galileo Award from IDA Europe. The International Dark Sky Places program awarded new certifications to Cherry Springs State Park in Pennsylvania and Geauga Park District Observatory Staff Park in Ohio on the heels of the 2007 certification of the Mont Mégantic Managing Director Peter Strasser Programs Director Kimberly Patten International Dark Sky Reserve near Quebec, Canada. Interest in similar Membership Director Susan Ciarniello certifications is being promoted in France, the UK and elsewhere. Writer/Editor Rowena Davis This summer, IDA staff and board members made presentations relative to Sections Coordinator Johanna Duffek IDA’s mission to elected officials and staff of the U.S. Congress and Senate. The Art and Design Stephanie Mar Technical Associate Matthew Root establishment of an IDA office in Washington, DC is currently being evaluated to strengthen IDA’s voice at the U.S. federal level. Newsletter All of these successes are the result of many years of dedicated work by IDA Address corrections [email protected] volunteer members and like-minded individuals worldwide, IDA staff, Industry Advertisements & submissions [email protected] Partners, Emeritus Dr. David Crawford and his wife, longtime board secretary/ Deadlines Issue #76: 23 Feb. 2009; Issue #77: 23 May 2009; Issue # 78: 23 Aug. 2009; Issue # 79: 23 Nov. 2009 treasurer Mary Crawford. Nightscape, a publication of the International Dark-Sky On behalf of the board of directors, I thank you all and applaud the Association is published quarterly. outstanding progress that you have helped IDA secure and look forward to continued advancement in our mission around the world. Contact Address International Dark-Sky Association, Regards, 3225 N. First Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719-2103, U.S.A. Tel +1 520-293-3198 Fax + 1 520-293-3192 Web site www.darksky.org E-mail [email protected]

Advertising Rates Christian K. Monrad, P.E. President of the Board 1X Rate 4X Rate Inside Front Cover $960 $3600 To help IDA to continue in its worldwide mission, IDA needs your continued member- Inside Back Cover $960 $3600 ship and donations to fund its paid staff and the European and Asia-Pacific offices. Full page $800 $3000 Please refer to the IDA Web site for convenient renewal and donation methods. Half page $425 $1500 Quarter page $250 $850 A note from IDA: Is your mailing address and e-mail up to date? If not, For more information contact please update your information at IDA’s Web site at www.darksky.org. [email protected]

Issue #75/ 2008  DarkSky 2008 By Friedel Pas

Photograph by Peter Wienerroither he European Symposium for the Protection of the Tis a yearly event where dark sky advocates, environmentalists, scientists, lighting designers and representatives from governments in Europe meet each other on the theme of . It is a collaboration between IDA Europe and a local IDA Section. This year the organization was in the hands of IDA Austria, and the meeting was held in the beautiful Kuffner-Verein observatory in Vienna from 22 to 23 of August.

A starry night at Hohe Wand, south of Vienna, Austria The meeting was opened by honoring Dr. Chris efficiency of legislation on light pollution. Day one featured Baddiley with the Galileo Award. This award is presented a fascinating lecture by Itai Kloog, where he explained yearly to a European IDA member who did outstanding his study showing a correlation between the number of work toward the control of light pollution in Europe. installed public lighting fixtures and the appearance of Dr. Baddiley is recognized for his research of more than breast cancer in Israel. Christoph Aubrecht spoke on the 3 years in modeling sky glow. His model illustrates the quality of coral reefs in the world measured against satellite effects of different types of luminaries and lamps in rural observations of light pollution. and urban environments as well enabling calculation of Current awareness campaigns in Europe were also escaped light from both long and short distances from a discussed. Austria led a big campaign to involve the govern- lighting fixture. The model is publicized by the Institution ment with a booklet and to motivate schools to participate of Lighting Engineers (ILE) in a booklet and included in in the campaign. The UK has initiated several activities to ILE educational courses for lighting designers. The work is facilitate the way that lighting regulations can be adopted used in light pollution research in the UK and is gaining in planning guidelines and building regulations. In France, acceptance around the world. IDA and IESNA adopted officials have worked out an acceptance test municipalities calculations from this model as a basis for the much-antici- could use to determine the best lighting systems. Germany pated Model Lighting Ordinance. Everybody agreed that circulated a petition that resulted in a discussion in the Dr. Baddiley’s work was very important and outstanding. Bundestag, the parliament in Germany. One person described it’s significance by stating: “All dark The symposium also featured a progress update on sky movements need members who can appeal to the Dr. Baddiley’s sky glow model and a review of the working emotions and principles of the public in order to convince document under construction by the EU to regulate out- them that action is necessary; but without a solid technical door lighting systems and promote more efficient products. basis and real ‘know-how’, our emotional arguments are Sponsor Schréder gave his view on light pollution and the poorer.” Chris Baddiley’s impeccable research helps the city planner of Vienna showed the city’s latest new create this technical basis. lighting choices with fully shielded fixtures. Some of these The symposium had a lot of interesting lectures by fixtures were installed around the observatory and could speakers who were both succinct and concise. Human be observed during a promenade. As a whole, European health and ecological topics followed a review of the countries are making tremendous strides in raising aware- symposia on light pollution action in Europe during ness of light pollution and making energy efficiency a the last 10 years and a proposal of an index to define the requirement in public and private lighting.

Meeting News  Nightscape Symposium participants were offered a guided tour in The final evening offered an additional chance for the very beautiful Kuffner-Verein Observatory, where they fellowship and discussion during a very tasteful vegetarian glimpsed the telescope where Karl Schwarzschild discovered diner at Grossmull, located near the biggest grave hill in the reciprocity failure of photographic emulsion. Central Europe and boasting an observation place known Day two opened with the presentation on the Hortobágy as the best place near Vienna to view the Milky Way with National Park in Hungary, in the process of becoming an the naked eye. On Sunday evening, Thomash Posh made it International Dark Sky Preserve. Nations all over Europe are possible to visit the Vienna University observatory, built 125 making fascinating independent calculations on the effects years ago. This excursion presented a unique opportunity to of light pollution. Henk Spoelstra described his study for observe the sky with an 80 cm refractor with a focus of 10.5 modeling the effect of urbanization and weather on sky glow meters in a big dome on the historic building, an experience based on observations done in the Netherlands. In Croatia, that amateur astronomers will never forgot. they inventory light pollution with a SQM-L and compare The symposium can be viewed online from all over the the results with satellite images and Walker’s Law. George world via Second Life®. MetaPartners is generously sponsor- Zotti did measurements in Austria with a digital camera to ing the year-long availability of these presentations. They test the effect of light pollution created by a nearby small can be found in the garden of the IDA Island on Second village. Günther Wurchterl worked out a new low cost dark Life, still available for review on the following location: sky meter that can continuously measure sky quality in lux http://slurl.com/secondlife/Bizet/128/123/33. Many thanks values. The meter will begin to be distributed in early 2009, to MetaPartners for making this continued learning oppor- with hopes that it will enable continuous measurements all tunity possible. over the world. Information will be logged by computers to Most of the presentations are also available in PDF which the meter will be connected, and will create a baseline format on the site of the symposium under “Program” at database of light pollution values. The price is expected to http://darksky2008.kuffner-sternwarte.at. be about 100 Euro per device. The media needs to be used in our fight against light pollution too. Ireland has created a computer game that will Currently the IDA European Liaison Officer, Friedel Pas has been be used in 2009 in schools to let kids discover the practices instrumental in promoting dark skies and initiating new outreach of good lighting and the negative aspects of bad lighting. programs all over the continent. He has recently been elected to Also in 2009, a TV documentary on light pollution will be serve on the IDA Board of Directors for the 2009–2011 term. offered for broadcasting to TV stations in Europe. For more information on board elections, turn to page 18.

First International Dark Sky Camp

Photograph by Herman Mikuz and Andrej Mohar, Dark Sky Slovenia

etween 25 August and 3 September 2008, a small Sea offers daytime recreation options and protection from Bgroup of dark sky enthusiasts became enchanted by one light pollution and other unwelcome encroachments. It is of the best sky viewing spots on earth. Held on Lastovo Island, a place where nature is protected and appreciated both day Croatia, in the Adriatic Sea, the First International Dark Sky and night. Camp, coordinated by IDA Slovenia Section Leaders Andrej Evening lectures enhanced the understanding of the Mohar and Herman Mikuz, offered stargazers a stunning pristine surroundings on land and in the sky, and offered view of skies with a Bortle Scale rating of over 7 (maximum insight to the problems created by light pollution. Lucija is 8). Nightly observation sessions took place on a heliodrome Kapiteli of Lastovo National Park formally introduced situated close to the middle of the island at an altitude 400 visitors to the island; two days later Narjeta Kersic Svetel lec- m (approximately .25 mile) to provide a clear in tured on national parks and the night environment. Korado almost all directions. Korlevic, Dr. Jan Hollan, Jurij Stare, and organizer Herman Declared a nature park in 2006 and recognized as a Mikuz discussed light pollution in relation to wildlife impact, Garden of Eden of the Mediterranean by the World Wildlife illumination options, and astrophotography. During the final Federation, Lastovo Island remains one of the least altered evening, Petra Draskovic offered entertaining travel tales. places in Europe since it was settled during the Roman and Participants agree that the sky above and the earth below Byzantine Empires. The jewel blue water of the Adriatic made it a truly unforgettable experience.

Meeting News Issue #75/ 2008  Past Meetings expressed enthusiasm regarding the IDA design and reasonable lighting levels can message and cause. Contacts from the con- be achieved with new technology and good Helsinki, Finland ference will be helpful in the expansion of design practices all while saving energy, sav- the “residential lighting” section of IDA’s ing money, and saving the nighttime sky. IDA Technical Advisor and Managing Fixture Seal of Approval program. Director Pete Strasser enjoyed four days Fairbanks, AK USA of discussion on the newest concepts in Chicago, IL USA lighting applications after replacing Scott American Institute of Architects invited Davis as the IDA representative to the IDA featured our first exposition booth Pete Strasser to Fairbanks, Alaska on 14 Division 4 & 5 meeting of the Commission at the National Electrical Contractors November to give two presentations to the Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE), held 30 Association (NECA), held in Chicago on city on installation of dark sky friendly tech- August–3 September in Helsinki, Finland. 4–6 October. This appearance allowed IDA nology to enhance viewing of the Aurora Protection of the night and other ecological to circulate our message among representa- Borealis. The Northern Lights have long concerns are emerging as factors for consid- tives of nearly every aspect of the electrical been considered a haunting and mysterious eration in all new technology. In recogni- installation trade. natural phenomenon, and IDA was proud tion of IDA’s commitment to responsible to help the city of Fairbanks adjust their environmental practices through better Denver, CO USA public and residential lighting to optimally night lighting, Pete was elected as chair- showcase this stunning nighttime wonder. man of CIE’s international committee to IDA attended the IESNA 27th Annual study “Artificial Light and its Impact on the Street and Area Lighting Conference, held Boston, MA USA Natural Environment,” expanding IDA’s in Denver on 15–27 October. With over role as a leader in ecological research. 500 people, the event broke previous On 16–21 November, IDA appeared in attendance records. Discussion focused Boston to represent a trade show booth at Davis, CA USA on energy reduction, touching on LED GreenBuild, the annual conference of the technology, clean energy policies, and con- U.S. Green Building Council. Formed to Hosted by California Lighting Technol- servation programs, including “SmartGrid” increase sustainable developments by using ogy Center at UC Davis in Davis, California technology that allows customers to choose alternative energy sources, building mate- from 8–10 September, the Outdoor Light- how much and what kind of energy they rials, and waste disposal systems to create ing Symposium discussed ways to optimize consume. The majority of LED streetlight buildings, GreenBuild is a worldwide leader efficient, attractive outdoor lighting. Initi- fixtures installed on large projects now uti- in sustainable building techniques and the ated by IDA Board Member Nancy Clan- lize fully shielded models. IDA’s profound driving force behind the LEED (Leadership ton, participants looked at rapidly evolving involvement in the current major techno- in Energy and Environmental Design) des- issues such as spectral distribution, glare, logical breakthroughs is evidenced by the ignation. By participating in this important and adaptive standards that take into fact that all but two companies featuring meeting IDA continues to build partner- account visibility metrics, curfews, and fully shielded products were members of ships with sustainably-minded engineers, seasonal effects. The relatively small size of the FSA program. architects, and urban design companies. this ongoing project enables quick action on This conference always yields outreach on LED and spectral effects specifications Chicago, IL USA opportunities and fosters interaction with and the hopeful creation of a platform for one of our most receptive audiences. potential consideration by larger illumina- On 12 November, Pete Strasser addressed tion engineering groups such as IESNA. most of the 400+ attendees at the UPCOMING MEETINGS IDA’s presence at this event assured that Midwestern Energy Efficiency Alliance the dark sky approach remains fundamen- meeting in a 30 minute presentation on Washington, DC USA tal to the project’s goals and the means of the impact of LED technology and how achieving them. it may affect dark sky issues. This presen- Pete Strasser has been asked by the tation was the first time most attendees Transportation Research Bureau and the Washington, DC USA had seen and heard that IDA was a very National Academy of Sciences to serve on keen interest in how LED technology can an 8 hour panel discussion regarding the Held 14–17 September in Washington, be both good and bad for affecting light environmental impact of different street DC, the American Lighting Association pollution. Pete illustrated the concern lighting practices. Held 10–14 January in Conference provided an excellent forum over spectral distribution and skyglow by Washington, DC, this is the 88th annual to expand IDA’s involvement with the enhanced Raleigh Scattering, while giving meeting, with over 10,000 international residential lighting market. Most residen- praise to the potential of control and adap- attendees expected. Dark sky concerns will tial luminaire vendors and manufacturers tive lighting. He emphasized that good be addressed, including circadian rhythm continued on page 18

Meeting News  Nightscape Billboard lighting breakthrough Photograph by Christian Monrad, P.E. fter years of effort Photograph by Christian Monrad, P.E. Ato bring billboard lighting practices into compliance with local light pollution control strategies, IDA members and other determined local citizenry have reached an agreement with national advertising company Clear Channel Outdoor (CCO) to provide fully shielded billboard lighting luminaires. These Inefficient billboard lighting in Tucson, New fixture design reduces glare and puts light where necessary new fixtures will reduce total Arizona, USA lumens in the nighttime environment, and result in significant signs, all lighted billboards in this area are subject to a curfew at energy savings. midnight or earlier. To comply with the fully shielded optical requirement and CCO staff has indicated that they were so pleased with a limitation of 1000 mean lumens allowed per linear foot of bill- the resulting billboard visibility, the decreased capital expense board face in the legal agreement, CCO’s supplier (Holophane associated with the reduced luminaire count, and the 60% Lighting) developed the ‘Pima County’ version of their Advue energy savings that they may use this application elsewhere luminaire to provide suitable billboard luminance with these in the U.S., regardless the potential lack of existing local light restrictions. The final system reduces the luminaire count by pollution control ordinances in various market areas. The 50% (2 luminaires per sign face in lieu of 4 luminaires per sign efficiency and superior aesthetic of this style of billboard lighting face) and reduces the per-luminaire wattage from 400 watts to gives IDA hope that this form of advertisement illumination may 320 watts. As seen in the photos, off-site glare is greatly reduced soon become the popular option in cities around the country. for homeowners and drivers alike, and skyglow from high angle Voluntary choice of this technology could go a long way toward distribution is greatly curtailed. As with other local advertising asserting the inherent value of quality outdoor lighting.

LED adaptive lighting technology tested extensively

n 4 December, Pete Strasser and IDA Board Member light output controls, such as dimming capabilities, occupancy ONancy Clanton met with lighting industry leaders and public sensors, etc. are the wave of the future which will regulate the servants in Anchorage, Alaska, USA to evaluate LED streetlight amount of light while enhancing safety and visibility. We will save adaptive lighting capabilities. The city has proposed retrofit- energy, save money and help bring back the natural nighttime sky. ting their entire street light inventory with LED driven fixtures. Everyone wins.” Approximately 100 representatives of utilities, manufacturers, Organized by Anchorage Mayor Mark Begich (also Senator state Departments of Transportation, engineers, politicians and Elect) and the award-winning lighting engineering firm Clanton nonprofit organizations met to verify proof of concept for adaptive and Associates, this evaluation is the most extensive LED street lighting techniques and evaluate different LED-based luminaire light test to date. As part of the product testing procedure, attend- products. These lights have the capability of being dimmed for ees were driven to several locations throughout the Anchorage curfew or high snow reflectance. area to view the different products in action. Approximately a Adaptive lighting is a cutting edge lighting application that dozen people utilized a vehicle with sophisticated human reaction utilizes dimming technology to automatically adjust the light and perception instrumentation (provided by Virginia Tech) to output of a public street fixture to match optimal lighting levels. measure response times for small target visibility and detection This technology gives streetlights the ability to be programmed studies. to emit fewer lumens when ambient light levels are higher, and These tests are garnering attention from numerous parties. increase output as natural light levels recede. Light levels would Engineers from other Alaskan cities, including Kodiak, Cordova, stay steady throughout changes in natural conditions. Such and Fairbanks, attended the evaluation to determine whether visual consistency would create the least stress on the eye and this new technology would be feasible for their communities. use the lowest possible energy output to achieve adequate light. The results of this evaluation will have a profound impact on Pete’s press statement expressed his enthusiasm for the concept: energy use. Preliminary results are promising and further testing “This is an important arena for IDA. These test sites show that is already underway.

Lighting News Issue #75/ 2008  International year of astronomy 2009

Preserving the sky during the International Year of Astronomy 2009

The year 2009 marks the 400th anniversary ooking up at the night sky from a dark of Galileo’s first inspirational telescopic obser- Lsite, one cannot help being awed. Countless vations. His discoveries shaped our world and helped bring the Universe down to Earth. To spread from horizon to horizon, gently mark this occasion, the United Nations Edu- cational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, twinkling as they have done for an eternity. and the International Astronomical Union are Turning a telescope to this vista for the first leading what the United Nations has declared to be the International Year of Astronomy 2009 time is, for many, a life-changing experience. (IYA2009). Its purpose: instilling the same fasci- nation with the night sky as Galileo felt, helping The cosmos never seems the same again. people appreciate the wonders our Universe has to offer. by Lee Pullen, IYA2009 science writer; Pedro Russo, IYA2009 is a global endeavour, promoting IAU coordinator for IYA2009; Lars Lindberg Christensen, astronomy and its contribution to society and culture. There is head of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) education and Public Outreach Department and the IAU strong emphasis on education and public engagement. Excellent IYA2009 Working Group Secretary progress has already been made, with many thousands of people working toward making the Year a great success. At the center of this network is the IYA2009 Secretariat, a group of professional astronomers and science communicators. Their job is to support and help coordinate the many national nodes, individuals in over 130 countries that oversee local activities. More than 50 international organizations are also contributing time and resources, working together toward enhancing the public’s understanding and appre- ciation of astronomy. The largest forces behind IYA2009, however, are countless enthusiasts, professional and amateur astronomers around the world, already working hard as part of the largest ever astronomy network. These individuals and groups are seeking to achieve specific, attainable goals: • Increasing scientific awareness.

Map by Frederik de Wit • Promoting widespread access to new knowledge and observing experiences. • Empowering astronomical communities in developing countries. • Supporting and improving formal and informal science education. • Providing a modern image of science and scientists.

Feature Article  Nightscape International year of astronomy 2009

• Facilitating new networks and THE UNIVERSE Telescopics strengthening existing ones. YOURS TO DISCOVER • Improving the gender-balanced nvention of the telescope is nearly unanimously credited representation of scientists at all Ito the Dutch spectacle maker Hans Lippershey. In one levels and promoting greater story of origin, two children were playing with glass lenses involvement by underrepre- in Lippershey’s workshop in 1608. By chance, they noticed sented minorities in scientific that a distant church tower appeared very close when they and engineering careers. looked at it through two lenses held a certain distance apart. • Facilitating the preservation They discovered that put together in a specific way, the lenses, and protection of the world’s one convex and one concave, showed objects to be much cultural and natural heritage INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF closer than they actually were. Excited by their discovery, of dark skies in places such as ASTRONOMY the children shared this phenomenon with the craftsman, urban oases, national parks and who quickly devised a means of holding the lenses in place. astronomical sites. Calling it his “Looker,” Lippershey marketed the amazing This last goal is particularly relevant device to the Dutch government for military purposes. considering the rate at which light pol- News of the technological breakthrough spread fast, lution is eroding truly dark skies. Seeing with several copycat instruments circulating within months. the majesty of the Milky Way inspires people of all ages, sparking When Galileo Galilei, then a mathematics professor in interest in the cosmos and our place within it. This is a strong Padua, Italy, learned of the contraption in 1609, he had theme that runs throughout IYA2009, highlighting the important created his own model less than 24 hours later. He quickly fact that dark sky sites must be protected for the enjoyment and turned the instrument to the sky, revealing previously betterment of both ourselves and future generations. unfathomed details about the universe. He was the first If you would like to contribute to IYA2009, there person to discover the mindblowing fact that the Milky are many opportunities to help. The official Web site, Way, bright enough to be seen as a continuous starry stream, www.astronomy2009.org, is the place to go for ideas and informa- was comprised of individual stars. Fascinated by both the tion. Beginners can get advice from IYA2009 National Nodes concept behind the device and its optical possibilities, via the site. Local astronomy clubs, planetariums and science Galileo continued to invent more powerful versions, finally museums are also good places to ask. Amateur astronomers are creating a tool that allowed him to see four around a key component in IYA2009, and can help by implementing a Jupiter. He gazed almost nightly, noting the movement of variety of outreach activities. Many ideas can be taken from the stars, moons, and planets relative to each other. IYA2009 activities pages, which may be adapted to suit personal In 1610, Galileo published his observations in a small strengths. Educators can find inspiration for projects, receive booklet called the Sidereus Nuncius, or “Starry Messenger.” training, and get assistance with exciting lesson plans that will The information was met with astonishment and in some take students to another Universe. For example, science teachers cases public outrage. Very few persons could conceive of a in local schools will appreciate the offer of practical activities for universe the way Galileo had described it, but the telescope students involving the night sky and light pollution. Professional offered tangible proof. Over time, these ideas became the astronomers can do all the above and contact IYA2009 National basis of the contemporary understanding of planetary Nodes or national astronomical societies for advice and new ideas science. 400 years after these monumental observations, on what can be done to promote astronomy and dark skies. IYA2009 celebrates the same curiosity, creativity, and IYA2009 also features a variety of Cornerstone Projects, global delight in discovery shown by the first inventors and users activities designed to achieve the eight main goals. Coordinated of a truly “spectacular” object. by the IYA2009 Secretariat, they are highly organized, profes- sional projects on topics as diverse as promoting gender equality in Information from History of the Telescope, Henry C. King, science, improving primary education and, of course, combating Dover Publications, 2003; and www.omni-optical.com. light pollution.

Feature Article Issue #75/ 2008  International Year of Astronomy Cornerstone Projects leven global Cornerstone Projects will engage and educate the participants of the International EYear of Astronomy 2009. These projects will work in conjunction with each other to increase access to astronomy and science around the world, preserve dark sky sites, promote gender equality in the sciences, and explain the workings of the universe to millions. Each Cornerstone is the umbrella for a myriad of regional projects developing on a smaller scale. Share your love of the stars by getting involved in a regional segment of a Cornerstone Project near you. More information on all projects can be found by visiting http://www.astronomy2009.org/globalprojects/cornerstones/.

100 Hours of Astronomy continents around the world. These professionals 2–5 April 2009 will answer questions in several languages not only 400 years ago, Galileo’s glimpses about astronomy, but about the experience of being through a telescope changed our an astronomer by posting stories and images about worldview forever. Astronomers their life, families, friends, hobbies and interests, as Without Borders founder Mike well as their work, latest research findings and the Simmons wants to expose people challenges they face. Special astronomy projects around the world to a similar featured on these blogs will be the basis for a book “galaxy shattering” experience by and a documentary to be released during IYA 2009. offering as many people as possible the chance to look through a telescope. Public outreach activities includ- Dark Skies Awareness ing live webcasts and observing events like parties See pages 12 & 13. with specially accessible observation equipment will take place over 100 hours in early April. The first Developing Astronomy Globally week of April was chosen because the planet Saturn Ongoing makes an interesting appearance and the change of Focusing on regions that are the from first quarter to gibbous enables easy neither developmentally or astro- Developing observations in early evening. nomically strong, this project strives to use astronomy as a Astronomy Astronomy and World Heritage means to economic and social Globally Ongoing development through three ave- UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, nues: professionally (universities and and Cultural Organization) and the International research); publicly (communication, media, and Astronomical Union are working together to develop amateur groups) and educationally (schools and a research and education project that celebrates informal education structures). Implementation of world culture and world heritage through achieve- this plan will use the momentum of IYA to stimu- ments in astronomy. The project aims to strengthen late the establishment and enhancement of regional the link between science and culture by identify- structures/networks around the world that would ing sites of astronomically significant achievements, benefit by focus on the development of astronomy. locating them, and preserving them. International The project is a great way to proclaim the economic history buffs and astronomy enthusiasts are invited and social benefits of science and conservation. to nominate historical sites and help initiate the preservation process. From Earth to the Universe Ongoing Cosmic Diary Visua l infor m ation Ongoing from ground and space- What does a scientist do? based telescopes is largely What makes a person want to responsible for the magical study the worlds among the appeal of astronomy to the stars? The Cosmic Diary project public at large. This global project fuses science and answers these questions with a art to bring spectacular images by professional and blog featuring a cross section of amateur astronomers before a wide and unexpected working astronomers from five audience. In this celebration of astronomy’s starscapes,

Feature Article 10 Nightscape International Year of Astronomy Cornerstone Projects

non-traditional venues such as public parks, metro stations, and art directory of observatories, facilities, professional and amateur centers will exhibit astronomical images of worlds beyond imagi- astronomical societies, space artists, and science communication nation. These public displays will expand the community’s access universities are a fraction of the many resources available. The to these images and “surprise” many lay observers in settings in wide range of features and the ease of access will allow both the which they are not accustomed to finding science. Such presenta- astronomy insider and the first time user to navigate with ease. tion is hoped to inspire a new perspective, engaging individuals Personal portals will contribute to the creation and growth of an who might normally ignore or even dislike astronomy or science astronomy multimedia community. in a new contemplation of its value. She is an Astronomer Galileo Teacher Training Program Ongoing Ongoing In accordance with United Nations Millennium Members of IAU, the Global Hands-On Development Goals, the She Is An Astronomer Universe project, the U.S. National Optical project will promote gender equality in Astronomy Observatory and the Astronomical science and especially in the study of Society of the Pacific are joining forces to train astronomy. An internet presence will and empower science teachers around the world. provide worldwide access to information While there exists an incredibly rich store of useful and links about gender balance astronomy and general science resources available and related resources. Interac- on the internet, many teachers lack the training to understand tive forums and databases will these resources or use them. Through workshops, online training create a discussion platform tailored to female professional and tools and basic education kits, experienced educators and out- amateur astronomers, students, and those who are interested in the reach specialists will train a fleet of certified “Galileo Ambassadors” broad and multifaceted issue of gender equality in science. who specialize in thoughtful, engaging science education by 2012. These Ambassadors will train “Galileo Master Teachers” through- Universe Awareness out underdeveloped areas of the world, improving the quality of Ongoing science education through a peer empowerment project. by Dr. Carolina Odman Universe Awareness (UNAWE) is an international The Galileoscope program to expose underprivileged young chil- Ongoing dren aged from 4 to 10 years to the inspirational In accordance with the IYA goal of “Promotion aspects of astronomy. By raising awareness of widespread access to new knowledge and about the scale and beauty of the Universe, observing experiences,” this global cornerstone UNAWE attempts to broaden the mind and project strives to give 10 million people their awaken curiosity in science, at a formative age first look through an astronomical telescope when the value system of children is maturing. in 2009 by developing an accessible, easy to A goal of UNAWE is to stimulate their development into curious, assemble and easy to use telescope that can IYA2009 tolerant and internationally minded adults. UNAWE operates in be distributed to millions. Much like the simple disadvantaged regions of Europe (e.g. inner cities) as well as in device of 400 years ago, this do-it-yourself “Galileoscope” can cap- developing and emerging countries throughout the world. ture interest in the heavens beyond 2009 and offer the tools and opportunity for extended stargazing to people who cannot afford Special Projects to buy a commercial telescope. Special Projects support the Cornerstone Projects by Portal to the Universe developing interactions that link together the initiatives of Ongoing IYA2009. Some Special Projects are regional specializations The Portal to the Universe is a of a Cornerstone Project; others embrace many aspects of the one-stop online astronomy resource goals of education, development, and accessibility of astronomy. that serves as index, aggregator and Guidelines for the creation and selection of Special Projects can social networking site. A variety of be found on the IYA Web site. smaller applications, or “widgets,” will work in conjunction with semiautomatically updating live data Look for Cornerstone Projects featured in depth in upcoming issues like news, image, event and video aggregation. A comprehensive of Nightscape.

Feature Article Issue #75/ 2008 11 - - - - as or There Earth http:// ( (IDSW), ightscape . Sign up at N Nightscape asks amateur photog program seeks to estab are wonderful ways for ) takes advantage of the (NDSW) is an event usually www.darkskiesawareness.org . Theplanetarium show is partof ) Web site for contest guidelines. contest for site Web ) ) on Saturday, 28 March, 2009, from from 2009, March, 28 Saturday, on ) . . International Dark Sky Week World Night in Defence of Starlight” Defenceinof Night World “365 Days of Astronomy” podcasts Let There Be Night planetarium program Dark Skies Discovery Sites Earth and Sky Photo Contest www.twanight.org www.earthhour.org ( Displays, posters and brochures National Dark Sky Week People advocating dark skies dark advocating People Millions of people in cities around the globe turned their The The The see humanity as a family living together on a single planet amidst planet single a on together living family a as humanity see story on the balance between day and night, a demonstration a two DVD set that contains a multitude of existing dark sky The displays available are through and astronomy. and security, for support in statement global visible, highly unprecedented, an action climateon change, energy conservation, and light pollu about shielding lights and an in-dome reading of the book book the of reading in-dome an and lights shielding about being introduced to the wonders of the night sky—in con preservation are invited to promote promote to invited are preservation public events. Topics cover wildlife, energy, public health, safetyhealth, public wildlife,energy, cover Topics events. public lish permanent relatively dark rural,locations (e.g., club-based lights off oneforhour on 29Saturday, March, 2008,to make occurring in April in the U.S., during which people are encouraged encouraged are people which during U.S., the in April in occurring disseminating to communities duringeducation light pollution observatories) where people learn about light pollution, while dark skies and to train participants for star-hunting programs. their dark skies programs, andevents, to the IYA to turn out unnecessary outdoor lights to reduce light pollution unnecessary lightpollution turn to lightsreduce out to outdoor collaborating are Initiative Starlight the and NDSW temporarily. “ the of launch the in the first nightof the the IDA. IDA. the trast to where they live. Visit with people impress to as well as universe,” our oceanof vast the the beauty and importance darkof at skies.World Check “The year’s this for up gearing is Fund Wildlife World The tion. interactive interactive capabilities smallof and to advocate portable domes resources generously contributed with permission. permission. with contributed resourcesgenerously “to Earth digital photograph combine skyone and in to raphers resources by creating a 5–10 minute audio podcast to submit Some Some presentation options include a Pacificnorthwest nation’s www.astroleague.org www.lettherebenight.com/pltm.html Hour Night” ( Night” 8:30–9:30 pm, the last night of GLOBE at Night 2009. 2009. Night at GLOBE lastof nightthe pm, 8:30–9:30 Once Was a Sky Full of Stars 365DaysOfAstronomy.org . - - - - ), ), ) ) that ). ). . http://www.globe. (9–23 Oct., 2009; Oct., (9–23 ). ). wareness: www.darksky.org program encourages hom A . , MySpace and Facebook Web pages Web Facebook and MySpace , www.sternhell.at (DSA) is one of 11 Global Cornerstone Cornerstone Global 11 of one is (DSA) www.myspace.com/turndownthelight program introduces the need for quiet quiet for need the introduces program (16–28 March, 2009;March, (16–28 kies kies rticle http://slurl.com/secondlife/NASA%20CoLab/ (January, February, April through September, throughSeptember, April (January,February, S http://www.gb.nrao.edu/php/quietskies/ A Quiet Skies Quiet . Above this platform in SL is anisurban streetscene SL in this Above platform . Great World Wide StarGreat Count World

), ), Great Light Switch Out online interactions online

GLOBE at Night at GLOBE Radio Frequency Interference is the radio equivalent of light light of equivalent radio the is Interference Frequency Radio For For Projects during the 2009 Internationalof Astronomy Year

The The IYA2009 DSA project is promoting three citizen-main three promoting is project IYA2009The DSA

Feature Feature

ark Skies Awareness Awareness Skies ark

rograms to involve everyone involve to rograms

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http://slurl.com/secondlife/NASA%20CoLab/161/97/760 skies to the public through a kit-loan program to schools and

scientist programs to measure light pollution at a local level. allows visitors to switch between good and bad lighting to see eowners to remove and replace their residential light fixtures at Night” image( Night” at and enter their measurements into a database. One program

awareness about light pollution through firsthand observations of observations firsthand through pollution light about awareness a listing of DSWG members and a full program schedule, visit environments and help more people appreciate the ongoing loss loss ongoing the appreciate people more help and environments edge about adverse impacts of excess artificial lighting on local pollution. The The pollution.

providing people with a fun and direct way to acquire heightened heightened acquire to way direct and fun a with people providing project, the International Astronomical Union is collaborating

on dark sky preservation is is preservation sky dark on developed by the “Dark Skies Working Group” (DSWG). For

of a dark night sky for much of the world’s population. For this For population. of the world’s sky for much of night a dark cation to promote a range of programs and resource materials

matic goal is to display the results, similar to the strikingthe “Earthsimilar results,to the display to is goal matic museums. Participants measure RFI levels in their communities their in RFI levels measure Participants museums.

the impact of their actions. These interim sites, hosted by NASAby hosted sites, interim These actions. their of impact the introduce introduce new audiences to dark sky issues.MySpace pageThe

the night sky. Together the threethe programsnightTogether sky. will span the entire http://www. windows.ucar.edu/citizen_science/starcount/

www.darkskiesawareness.org How ManyStars How

gov/GaN/ November and December; and November

which to purchasefixtures, to which at available with ones that are energy efficientand dark sky friendly. The

worldwide with partners in dark sky and environmental edu IDA provides a “Homeowner’s Guide to Outdoor Lighting” with Lighting” Outdoor to Guide “Homeowner’s a provides IDA

villa in Arcetri at year:

fixture recommendations and suggestions for retailoutlets at CoLab, will move to the IYA Island for 2009. IYAfor Islandthe to willCoLab, move

by Connie Walker Connie by P Dark

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(IYA2009). The goal of DSA is to raise the level of public knowl public of level the raise to is DSA of goal The (IYA2009). With a Second Life® (SL), adults can visit a recreation of Galileo’s Galileo’s of recreation a visit can adults (SL), Life® Second a With

Theseprograms take the form“starof hunts” “staror counts”, 151/100/702

Photograph by Jeremy Stanley 20–26 April, 2009. For more information on how to participate, sky-brightness meters are used for more precise measurements. visit http://www.starlight2007.net/20April2009.html and The low-cost digital Sky Quality Meters (SQMs), manufactured www.ndsw.org. To promote the establishment of special protec- by Unihedron, can make a highly repeatable, direct measurement tion areas for natural night skies and to honor exceptional com- of integrated sky brightness. The newly available second genera- mitment to preservation of darkness, IDA will be working with tion of SQM-Ls being used this year by several GLOBE at Night a number of international collaborators, including UNESCO, sites has a cone-shaped “field of view” that is three times more to promote the International Dark Sky Communities, Parks, narrow than the older model. This specifically aids its use in city and Reserves certification program. environments, where surrounding lights or buildings may affect The IYA Dark Skies Awareness Cornerstone Project offers the readings. Reporting is also on-line. a variety of venues with which people can easily get involved To learn the five easy steps to participate in either type of in preserving dark skies. For more information on programs or GLOBE at Night program and to obtain important information how to participate, visit www.darkskiesawareness.org or e-mail on light pollution, stellar magnitudes, the mythology of Orion, [email protected] with “Dark Skies Awareness” in how to find Orion, how to obtain your latitude and longitude, and the subject line. how to use an SQM-L, see http://www.globe.gov/globeatnight/. IYA2009 promises to be a great year, especially if you No prior experience is necessary. All information needed to become involved in a DSA program. Be a part of a local solution participate is on the GLOBE at Night Web site, along with to a global problem. Together, we can improve our night sky and downloadable activity guides available in six languages. All maintain it as a natural heritage for generations to come. observations will be available online via Google Earth and as downloadable data sets. Utilizing the international networks of its partners, GLOBE at Night is able to engage people from around the world. From 2006–2008, GLOBE at Night success- GLOBE at Night: an opportunity for fully conducted two-week campaigns each spring, during which citizen scientists to monitor light pollution a total of 20,000 observations were submitted online from 100 worldwide countries. A few weeks after submission, a world map showing the results is available. These measurements can be compared with data from previous years of GLOBE at Night, as well as with satellite data and population density data. Data from multiple LOBE at Night is a fun, international citizen-science locations in one city or region are especially interesting, and can Gevent that encourages everyone—students, educators, dark be used as the basis of a class project or science fair experiment, sky advocates and the general public—to measure the darkness or even to inform the development of public policy. of their local skies and contribute their observations online to More measurements made each year and over the next few a world map. The program is a centerpiece of the Dark Skies years will allow for more in depth analysis. Measurements within a Awareness Global Cornerstone Project for the International Year city will provide maps of higher resolution. Comparisons between of Astronomy (IYA) in 2009. Its goal is to raise public awareness years would allow people to monitor changes. Monitoring our of the impact of artificial lighting on local environments by getting environment will allow us as citizen-scientists to identify and people involved. Data collection and online reporting is simple preserve dark sky oases in cities, or catch an area developing too and user-friendly. quickly and influence people to make smart choices in lighting. Led by the educational outreach staff at the National Optical It may also allow us to track the habitats of animals endangered Astronomy Observatory and the University Corporation for by over-lighting. If more and more people took a few minutes Atmospheric Research’s (UCAR) GLOBE Program, in collabora- during the March 2009 campaign to measure sky brightness tion with Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc, and either toward Orion with the unaided-eye, or toward zenith with the International Dark-Sky Association, the Centro de Apoyo a Sky Quality Meter (or both!), their measurements will make a a la Didactica de la Astronomia in Chile, the GLOBE at Night world of difference. campaign will take place for a fourth year from 16–28 March, Happy star hunting! 2009. Over the past three years, tens of thousands of citizen- scientists around the world have contributed measurements of Visit the GLOBE at Night Web site at http://www.globe. their local sky brightness to a growing global database in two gov/globeatnight/ for more information. ways: simple, unaided-eye observations toward the constellation Orion and quantitative digital measurements through a hand- held, well-calibrated sky-brightness meter. For the first method, citizen-scientists take data on light pollution levels by comparing Connie Walker is an NOAO staff member and IYA Dark Skies what they see toward Orion, with star maps showing different Task Group Chair. The National Optical Astronomy Observatory stellar brightness limits. The basic idea is to look for the faintest (NOAO) is operated by the Association of Universities for Research stars and match them to one of seven star maps of progressively in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the fainter limiting magnitudes. For the second method, digital National Science Foundation.

Feature Article Issue #75/ 2008 13 Book Review by Ann Vileisis

Let There Be Night: Testimony on Behalf of the Dark edited by Paul Bogard, published by University of Nevada Press, paperback

“ y daughter, Hannah Virginia, who recently turned three years old, is teaching Mme about the stars,” begins Michael Branch. Every night before bed, the determined three-year old takes her father’s hand and insists he take her out to look at the sky. With this nightly ritual, Branch discovers the wonder of stars through a child’s eyes and the “brilliant, open secret that if you don’t go outside and look up, you won’t see anything.” His is just one gem in the stunning new collection, Let There Be Night: Testimony on Behalf of the Dark, edited by Paul Bogard. Bogard’s inspiration for the book stemmed from deep impressions made by star-stud- ded skies he saw every summer as a child in northern Minnesota coupled with troubling NO, IT’S NOT A UFO. awareness that 80 percent of people now living in North America and Western Europe no longer experience “real night,” owing to light pollution. In a short period, the profound and timeless human experience of looking up to find the Milky Way arcing overhead has been BUT ITS UNEQUALED PERFORMANCE vastly diminished. It is this loss that Bogard invites a diverse and talented set of writers, MAY BE JUST AS STARTLING. scientists, scholars, and poets to consider. Through its twenty-nine essays,Let There Be Night takes readers on a wide-ranging and personal journey that includes constellations and galaxies but also death, dawn, myth, moths, sea turtles, soul searches, fireflies, and old-time fire rituals. Many essays explore the meaning, sacredness, and beauty of night. Some probe its biology: how the hormone melatonin regulates not only the mating calls of loons and our bodies’ urge to sleep but also our estrogen levels—implicating artificial light in the swirl of factors Meets Turtle Lighting Codes! that might induce cancer. Some essays pack hard facts about the millions of kilowatts wasted on unnecessary lighting and practi- cal ways to reduce unnecessary glow and glare. Others share quiet nocturnal reveries —from the outback of Australia to the confines of prison. Nearly every essay evokes revelation about the potent though intangible values of knowing night. Those who care about dark skies will certainly be engaged, delighted, and inspired by Let There Be Night, but the book deserves an audience far beyond already-committed enthusiasts (read: interesting gift). It will have every reader longing to head out, look up, and revel in the quiet wonder of a truly dark night. Starry Night Protecting Musco’s Newest Innovation... guaranteed light levels, maintenance, group our heritage lamp replacements, monitoring and remote Lights Light-Structure Green™ reduces your sports- of star lighting operating cost by 50% or more with less on/off control services. energy consumption, cuts spill light by 50% and From foundation to poletop, Light-Structure filled skies. eliminates 100% of your maintenance costs for Green makes your sports-lighting projects fast, the next 25 years. We guarantee it! Ann Vileisis writes from Port Orford, Oregon, trouble-free and now more affordable than ever. where Audubon Society volunteers have Light-Structure Green includes Musco’s Constant Call, email or check our website today for details. installed sky caps to keep the night sky dark 25™ warranty which provides 25 years of carefree Unequaled performance . . . and star-filled. Her recent bookKitchen Literacy: lighting equipment operation including for your budget, for the environment. How We Lost Knowledge Of Where Food Comes From And Why We Need To Get It Back was a Night Sky Friendly Outdoor Lighting Products finalist for the Connecticut Book Award. Contact Us Today. www.StarryNightLights.com 877•604•7377 800-825-6030 www.musco.com e-mail: [email protected] Book review 14 Nightscape ©2008 Musco Lighting · ADIDS08-1 NO, IT’S NOT A UFO.

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©2008Issue Musco #75/ Lighting · ADIDS08-12008 15 NEW Affiliate We-ef in conjunction with the council for Talcahuano. A special corner dedicated use in its town centres. to light pollution and astronomy is Polaris—Poland Astronomical and Dark The award received the congratula- expected in this new space with the Sky Advocacy Group tions of the Royal Astronomical Society of support and presence of IDA-Chile. Piotr Nawalkowski, New Zealand’s Dark Skies Group director • A workshop discussing the economic Julia Romanowska (International and Steve Butler. The council had received and scientific advantages of the col- English contacts) strong support from its communities to laborative control of light pollution was Sopotnia Wielka 174, protect the night sky. Variations of the held in the world renowned astronomy 34-340 Jeleśnia principle, according to setting, were being region of Coquimbo and Atacama Poland introduced across the district with the same (home and proposed site for a number of [email protected] town centre lighting recently installed on powerful observatories). Discussion top- Queenstown’s Village Green. ics included the actual state of the ‘Light New SECTIONS Pollution Law’ and the modifications South America needed to face the new energetic and IDA Arkansas astronomical scenarios to optimize the Jim Fisher IDA Chile investment presently done by the private Wade Van Arsdale industries like mining companies to 6904 Skywood Rd The IDA Chile Section has made tremen- apply the law in their working areas. Little Rock, Arkansas 72207 dous strides increasing Chile’s astronomical Senator Carlos Cantero commented USA and scientific potential while raising aware- his intention to reintroduce the issue Telephone: 501-366-0948 ness on the negative impact of light pollu- into the Chilean Congress with especial E-mail: [email protected], tion this year. emphasis in the Energy Commission of [email protected] • Despite Conceptión’s urban location, the Senate. For more information, a the Department of Astronomy at the zip file containing the presentations in IDA Iowa Universidad de Conceptión is gaining Spanish of this workshop can be down- Joanne Hailey in strength. Each year, Prof. Douglas loaded from the web site of the OPCC: 1116 42nd St Geisler includes GLOBE at Night in http://www.opcc.cl/charlas.zip Des Moines, Iowa 50311-3506 introductory astronomy courses. Sepa- Read a full report of these milestones, USA rately, IDA Chile has prepared a Spanish written by IDA Chile member Roger Leiton, Telephone: 515-277-2739 version of the GAN Web site to enhance in the Sections e-zine Nite Net, Volume 1, E-mail: [email protected] participation in the event. Issue 2 (August), located on the IDA Web • Cármen Gloria Jiménez and Roger site under “Sections.” Sections news Leiton obtained one of the seven national Explora’s Awards for 2007 North America Asia Pacific on Technological Solutions with the project “Dark-Sky Meter” adapted from Arizona IDA Asia/Pacific Flodquist’s idea. Involving over 100 stu- dents and 20 teachers from nine towns IDA Southern AZ Sections Leader Submitted by Reg Wilson in the Bío-Bío Region, the program Joe Frannea, member Dave Bilgray and At the recent New Zealand and Australian supplied all the materials to construct Sections Coordinator Johanna Duffek set Lighting Society Awards, Queenstown the meters and included a group trip to up a display table at the Arizona Sonora Lakes District Council community services international observatories in the Region Desert Museum in Tucson, AZ, USA dur- general manager Paul Wilson and Modus of Coquimbo to discuss solutions for ing the museum’s Astronomy Night event Lighting received the Royal Astronomical light pollution while meeting local in September. Society of New Zealand Dark Sky Lighting authorities, astronomers, and OPCC In October, Joe Frannea and Dave Design Award of Excellence for the Wanaka people. Extended media coverage of Bilgray attended the Go Green III fair playground installation. The project also light pollution and its economic impact at the offices of Tucson, AZ, USA Ward received a “highly commended” for the raised the awareness of local community VI. The fair addressed the areas of Tucson best luminary design from the Illumination and authorities of this financially active sustainability, resource and water conserva- Engineers Society. portion of the country. tion, alternative travel option, and green In keeping with the council’s Southern • Carmen Jimenez developed a new initia- building techniques. SA-IDA promoted Light Strategy, lighting installation on the tive to integrate science and the local the energy savings that can be achieved Wanaka Waterfront featured the council with the generous support of a local through shielding your outdoor lights designed timber poles and new fully science philanthropist and a group of and explained the benefits of keeping the shielded lanterns specifically designed by students to set up a science museum in skies natural.

Sections News 16 Nightscape See the Southern Arizona IDA at Large had a large booth with exhibits title of a presentation made on 13 October by Section’s new power point presentation, and members positioned in the aisle to talk members of the POLC at the 2008 annual “Wreaking Havoc: Outdoor Light at Night.” to visitors as they walked by. During the conference of the Pennsylvania Section of This 12 minute slide show is available via two day period, members Bonnie Garrity, the American Planning Association, held in the IDA SA Web site at www.sa-ida.org. It Joe Garrity, Debbie Norvil, Dave Toeppen Pittsburgh for municipal planners. Among may be used for educational purposes if it is and Rachel Toeppen talked to the visitors the subjects covered by POLC members not altered. A 12x18 USA at night poster to explaining the advantages of good lighting Barry Johnson and Stan Stubbe were be used interactively at events to ask people and the educational objectives of IDA. an orientation on outdoor lighting, the to find their hometown is also available for In addition to this booth, IDA had a importance of good lighting and how to download. second booth in a special area set aside for create, get enacted and enforce an effective Keith Krueger, Section Leader for IDA children. With the skilled guidance of IDA lighting ordinance. Pinal County, was asked by his community Chicago Section co-Leader Audrey Fischer, to explain the “lights off” issue. On invita- they learned about astronomy, energy con- Texas tion, he wrote an article entitled “Be a Good servation, importance of dark skies, and Neighbor” for his community newsletter wrote letters to officials in Washington, Submitted by Benjamin Jones in response to recommendations that the DC. IDA Texas is working with city leaders in community turn off outdoor lighting after In mid-October, Audrey Fischer San Antonio to protect a local military base 11:00 p.m. To ease the safety concerns his organized an “Aliens with a Message” (Camp Bullis) which is threatening to pull neighbors were having, his article focused event for over 100 members of the local out because of light pollution. Development on the relationship between night lighting Webelos boy scout troop. Dressed as aliens, has surrounded the installation and the and crime. Read the entire article in Nite the participants set up telescopes for sky bright lights are hampering night time Net, Volume 1, Issue 4 (October). viewing and displayed satellite maps of training missions. So far, light pollution light pollution around the world to spread reduction is going well, with some restric- California the message: “We can see your lights from tive rules in place around the base. outer space!” This imaginative endeavor is Several members are working on Submitted by Nancy Emerson part of a campaign to spark youth interest getting Alpine, TX (west Texas area) to The City of San Luis Obispo is working in StarParks, a project of the International become an official International Dark on a Night Sky Preservation ordinance. Year of Astronomy, as well as to raise aware- Sky Community. They are working on an IDA Santa Barbara Section Leader Nancy ness of light pollution. It is part of an ongo- application and are working on drawing Emerson’s work on the ordinance includes ing project to create a light pollution badge support from local leaders and citizens. So working with James David, the Community for the Chicago Boy Scouts of America. far it sounds promising. Development technician in charge of staff. The Houston area is working, as Mr. David used information from IDA, and Pennsylvania always, to protect the George Observatory has found IDA to be a great resource. He from light encroachment from nearby will provide the draft ordinance to Nancy Submitted by Stan Stubbe Houston. Unfortunately, many developers farther along in the process. Per his sugges- On 6 September, the IDA PA Section, are attempting to break apart the Ft. Bend tion, Nancy has drafted a letter explaining Pennsylvania Outdoor Lighting Council, county ordinance that was passed several IDA’s position on quality lighting. Officials recognized the achievements of two lead- years ago and that is considered by some to are hoping the ordinance will be ready for ers in the effort to preserve the dark skies be the best lighting ordinance in the coun- consideration in the very near future. over Cherry Springs State Park in Potter try. Keep updated at www.texasida.org. IDA San Diego hosted a successful County, PA, USA. At the annual Black For- awards presentation ceremony in May of est Star Party, PA Section member Barbara Virginia this year. The “Good Lighting” awards Geigle presented a plaque to Harry P. “Chip” were presented to La Posta Indian Casino, Harrison, Park Operations Manager, and Submitted by Genevieve Goss Albertsons Shopping Center, and Los his wife, Maxine Harrison, Director of IDA member John Goss was the keynote Coches Creek Middle School. Cherry Springs State Park Dark Sky Fund speaker in October for the Virginia state Association. The Award of Merit plaque rec- Master Naturalists convention where Illinois ognized their steadfast adherence and active he spoke to approximately 180 people promotion of the principles of responsible about the effects of light pollution and Submitted by Dave Toeppen outdoor lighting at the park. Their efforts the efforts of the IDA. On 2 December, In early August an environmental event were recently recognized by IDA in desig- he addressed more than 200 students at called the “Illinois Renewable Energy and nating the park as a Gold Tier International Roanoke College. The lecture, part of the Sustainable Life Style Fair” was presented Dark Sky Park. fall science lecture series at the college, was in Oregon, Illinois. The two day event Additionally, “Outdoor Lighting Issues entitled: “An Unnatural Night: The Issue of attracted over 4300 visitors. IDA Illinois for Planners and Municipalities” was the Light Pollution.”

Sections News Issue #75/ 2008 17 Washington Meeting news continued cost him his parish and his safety, and he from page 6 was transferred to a church in New Jersey. In Submitted by David Ingram Nashville, he attended the West End United On 2 October, IDA Northwest hosted a disruption, wildlife effects, and visibility Methodist Church, where he sang in the choir panel discussion on the pending dark sky and light pollution problems. Many other and participated in Sunday School classes. legislation for the state of Washington. This seminars pertaining to lighting will also Powell was an active astronomer with has been a collaborative effort with a lot of be attended, including a Federal High- a vast knowledge of the sky. A member of support from lawmakers, lighting designers way and Safety discussion on the merits of the Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society, he and dark sky advocates. The purpose of the luminance vs. illuminance based lighting served as its treasurer for two years, and then joint meeting was to introduce current legis- measurement and design. as its president. An avid advocate of more lation activities that are in development for responsible outdoor lighting, he has served the state and how this legislation will affect San Francisco, CA USA as chair of the Dark Sky Committee of the the citizens. The discussion also introduced Astronomical Society for the past six years, the goals of IDA Northwest, and presented On 3–5 February, IDA will attend the and has served as the Chair of the Middle an IESNA perspective on the possible rami- latest in a series of seminars given by the Tennessee Section of the IDA since its forma- fications of the proposed legislation. It is Department of Energy regarding LEDs tion. Powell was one of the organizers of the hoped that this effort will allow people to and Energy Star criteria for street lights. Section, and had attended the yearly meetings better understand the legislation proposed The seminars will address the results of of the International Dark Sky Association and how it will affect the lit environment several LED test installations and update in Arizona. and the night sky. A presentation video, titled the industry on technology, labeling, and According to Kris McCall, Director of “Fundamentals of Outdoor Lighting” (18 efficacy improvements. the Sudekum Planetarium, he shared his love minutes), is posted on the IDA Multimedia of the sky with others at every opportunity Links page. Brisbane, Australia and prepared his frequent talks on astronomy with as much care as he prepared his sermons 2008 IDA Board Election IDA will attend the 29th Symposium during his years as a preacher. Discounting a Results on Sea Turtle Biology & Conservation, conflict between science and religion, one of held 12–19 February, 2009 in Brisbane, his notable quotes was, “Anyone who insists A ballot election among IDA members Australia. Gathering the latest informa- that there is a conflict between science and has added three talented and enthusiastic tion on the relationship between sea tur- religion doesn’t understand either science or new members to the IDA Board of Directors. tles and light at night is crucial to IDA’s religion.” He will be sorely missed. Malcolm Smith and longtime board treasurer new position as Chair of the CIE TC 5-27 Mary Crawford are retiring. Malcolm has committee to study how light impacts wild- been a responsive and inventive board mem- life and the natural environment. ber for 10 years, promoting breakthrough progress in Chile and elsewhere. Since IDA’s inception, Mary’s dedication has included Transitions stints as editor, membership coordinator, conference planner and board treasurer. They Special thanks to Joe Boyd Cover: Laurent Laveder will be missed tremendously. IDA and the community of Hermitage, is a participant in The Board members elected to serve during Tennessee lost a stalwart of astronomy on World at Night (www. the 2009–2011 term include Audrey Fischer, 18 October, 2008 when the Rev. Powell twanight.org). He magnifies the beauty of whose dedication to children’s science Storrs Hall, Jr. passed away at the age of the sky without using a star tracker, instead education is unsurpassed and whose current 79. Powell was a retired United Methodist he uses a high ISO and fast lenses. His outreach campaigns include creation of a Church pastor, having served in Mississippi, compelling combination of skyscapes with Boy Scouts of America light pollution badge; New Jersey, Illinois, and West Virginia from foregrounds create something he terms Friedel Pas, current European Liaison, win- 1954 to 1993. In “contextual astrophotography.” Having ner of the 2008 Hoag-Robinson Award, and 1964, he was one of studied physics, he enjoys translating the invaluable in organizing and promoting IDA 28 ministers who size and luminosity of sky objects into a programs throughout Europe; and Robert participated in the two dimensional medium and showcasing Wagner, erudite light pollution veteran whose historic signing of physical phenomena in fanciful pictures. His knowledge and work helped create and pass the “Born of Con- latest project is a series of “Moon Games” an innovative, progressive, and effective light viction” statement images, showing a unique and playful way pollution law in Missouri, USA. Biographies protesting racism to connect Earth subjects with the sky. More of all board members can be found at www. in Mississippi. This information can be found on his Web site: darksky.org under “About IDA.” courageous action www.pixheaven.net

18 Nightscape International Dark-Sky:Layout 1 1/5/09 12:00 PM Page 1

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