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Cadernos De Estudos Açorianos Editor AICL - Colóquios da Lusofonia Coordenador CHRYS CHRYSTELLO Todas as edições em www.lusofonias.net CONVENÇÃO: O Acordo Ortográfico 1990 rege os Colóquios da Lusofonia e é usado em todos os textos escritos após 1911 (data do 1º Acordo Ortográfico) ©™® Editado por COLÓQUIOS DA LUSOFONIA (AICL, ASSOCIAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL COLÓQUIOS DA LUSOFONIA) Em linha ISSN 2183-9239 CD-ROM ISSN 2183-9115 1 CADERNOS DE Nota introdutória do Editor dos Cadernos, Os suplementos aos Cadernos Açorianos servem para transcrever textos em homenagem ESTUDOS AÇORIANOS a autores publicados pelos Colóquios da Lusofonia, pelos seus participantes ou até Pelos próprios autores. Os textos de hoje são todos de Rolf Kemmler relativos ao tema permanente dos Colóquios: Suplemento # 37 de junho 2017 Revisitar a Literatura de Autores estrangeiros sobre os Açores, AÇORES VISTOS POR ESCRITORES ESTRANGEIROS 2.1 ASPETOS DA CARATERIZAÇÃO DOS MICAELENSES E DA SUA VIDA 1. ROLF KEMMLER (VILA REAL) * 24º COLÓQUIO DA LUSOFONIA NO FUNDÃO Com o seguinte extrato, temos uma breve caraterização do aspeto físico do povo açoriano, tal como os autores os viram: TEMA 3.3. A POPULAÇÃO DE SÃO MIGUEL EM A WINTER IN THE AZORES: AND A The islanders call themselves Portuguese, and talk the language of Portugal; but the Spanish having had at one time possession of the islands, SUMMER AT THE BATHS OF THE FURNAS (1841) the breed has been crossed, and the mixture of Moorish blood has improved it. They are handsomer and more graceful than the Portuguese. But although No ano de 1841, publicou-se em Londres uma obra bastante volumosa em dois the island is small, and the peasants have a general cast of features which volumes, intitulada A Winter in the Azores: and a Summer at the Baths of the Furnas. characterizes them, the difference of physiognomy in different parts of the Resulta a obra dos diários do médico inglês Joseph Bullar que passou o inverno 1838 island is so great, that a special character of face may be said to belong to / 1839 na ilha de São Miguel em companhia com o seu irmão, o advogado Henry almost every town. Bullar, passando o verão seguinte nas Furnas e nalgumas das ilhas do arquipélago. Some of the finest and most strikingly marked faces I have seen were from the neighbouring town of Allagoa; but the men look like banditti, and are Também neste conjunto de livros, que é uma das mais conhecidas obras que said to be turbulent, passionate, and revengeful. The women, in common with pertencem à literatura anglófona de viagens dedicada aos Açores, os autores the men, have large mouths; and they widen them still more, and deform their oferecem um manancial de observações e comentários sobre o arquipélago que se lower lips, by the constant use of their "spinning jennies". Sitting or standing at devem a observações e juízos pessoais do autor. their cottage doors, or walking in the sun, the women and girls may always be seen in the active use of distaff and spindle; – twisting and wetting the silky Em continuação de estudos já realizados sobre obras anteriores, pretendemos flax with the same rapidity and ease as the Italian peasants. The flax is apresentar como as terras e gentes dos Açores, especialmente na Ilha de São Miguel, continually between their lips and teeth; and the consequence is, that their foram retratadas pelos irmãos Bullar em 1841. lower lips are in many instances turned downwards until they grow blubber or 2 wry. In more senses than one they may be said to live "from hand to mouth" (Bullar / Bullar 1841, I: 208-210). 1. INTRODUÇÃO Com efeito, verifica-se ao longo da sua obra (isto é, cinco vezes no segundo Em 2014, publicámos um artigo que visava a apresentação e a contextualização volume; duas vezes no segundo volume), que os irmãos Bullar fazem várias da obra A Winter in the Azores: and a Summer at the Baths of the Furnas, publicada referências à 'natureza mourisca' dos açorianos. Neste âmbito, referem-se em Londres em 1841 pelo médico inglês Joseph Bullar, em coautoria com seu irmão, frequentemente ao domínio espanhol que, segundo a interpretação dos autores, terá o advogado Henry Bullar (Kemmler 2014). exercido uma forte influência sobre o património genético açoriano. Como se sabe, o período filipino durou de 1580 até 1640, sendo os Açores integrados no reino espanhol Neste conjunto de dois volumes de XIV, 374 e x, 390, [I] páginas, que juntos depois da derrota de D. António em 1583. constituem uma das mais conhecidas obras que pertencem à literatura anglófona de viagens dedicada aos Açores, os autores oferecem um manancial de observações e As observações antropológicas sobre o aspeto visual dos micaelenses não nos comentários sobre o arquipélago que se devem a observações e juízos pessoais do merecem muita confiança científica. No entanto, não deixa de ser interessante a autor que convém apresentar e discutir. observação sobre os lábios grossos e deformados das mulheres. Afinal, segundo a observação do médico, esta deformação tem a ver com o uso habitual da boca para humedecer o linho quando as mulheres estão a torcer o linho para fiar.1 2 A POPULAÇÃO MICAELENSE SEGUNDO OS IRMÃOS BULLAR De maneira semelhante como os autores anteriores, também os irmãos Bullar falam da convivência entre os animais e os seres humanos: A seguir, pretendemos apresentar uma seleção de trechos representativos de como os irmãos Bullar retrataram as terras e gentes da Ilha de São Miguel em 1841. Pigs and donkeys there were in abundance; the swine unusually large and fat, and the donkeys varying from those wizened and wasted forms that *Investigador do Centro de Estudos em Letras (CEL) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro 1 No seu artigo sobre a produção do linho por uma agricultora em Moinhos, Porto Moniz (Madeira), Rodrigues (UTAD), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). (1992: 24) menciona o mesmo hábito que pelos vistos faz parte de uma tradição plurissecular de fiar o linho. ruddle-men, small green-grocers, and "weary" itinerant knife-grinders, red pottery; the barrels, which are long and narrow, are frequently slung in belabour and overload in England, to sleek and spirited animals of a size and pairs over the back of an ass; and the pitchers, which are made in the island, strength they never attain in our colder climate (Bullar / Bullar 1841, I: 34). and, being porous, like the Indian gurglets, act in summer-time as water- coolers, possess as much beauty of form as some of those in the British Os porcos continuam a dominar a imagem do espaço público em Ponta Delgada. Museum from the ruins of Herculaneum (Bullar / Bullar 1841, I: 34). São apresentados na companhia dos burros, que continuam a exercer o papel de besta de carga por excelência para as mais variadas tarefas comerciais. Pouco depois, Parece evidente que não somente devem ter sido os burros quem parava nas os irmãos Bullar fazem questão de referir a importância já formulada duas décadas fontes, uma vez que previamente ao estabelecimento do sistema público de antes por John White Webster (1821: 42-43)2 que os burros de São Miguel tinham na abastecimento de água as fontes eram de grande importância pela população humana época: em geral. Daí também se explica a afluência de pessoas que terá contribuído para a promessa de entretenimento que os autores fizeram aos leitores da sua obra. The ass is the beast of burden of the island, and there are said to be as many as eight thousand of them in St. Michael's alone. A trifling tax to the Julgamos interessante o seguinte testemunho dos irmãos Bullar que permite ver government is paid for each. They are not used for draught, but the load is que já na quarta década do século XIX o uso de tabaco terá sido bastante divulgado piled on their backs, which are protected by a thick pack-saddle or pannel entre os vários níveis da sociedade micaelense, quer em forma de cigarros, quer em made of straw, and covered with coarse canvass; and when, as is occasionally forma de rapé: the case, a burden is found that one cannot master, four are used. Thus a heavy puncheon is taken from the quay to a store in this fashion. Four jacks Our ass drivers smoked paper cigars, and even a lad of twelve had one are first of all persuaded to stand at equal distances round the pipe of wine. in his mouth; but the habit of smoking is not very prevalent among the poor, Planks are then brought, to be arranged on the backs of the four in the form of possibly from their not possessing the means of indulging it. The sale of an inverted One plank is laid on the pannels of the two foremost beasts, tobacco is a government monopoly, farmed out to certain licensed dealers, 3 another on the pannels of the two behind, and the third plank, having been who alone are allowed to sell it. The tobacco is not good. Snuff is taken very lashed to the puncheon, is raised together with its weight so as to rest in the generally by all classes of people; whether from the little horn pill-box of the middle of the other two, and form the cross of the . The four ends of the letter sailor and his wife, or the chased gold and silver one of the squire and baron are then goaded into motion, and away they slowly walk in excellent time to (Bullar / Bullar 1841, I: 47). the noisy music of their driver (Bullar / Bullar 1841, I: 43-44).
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