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2015 Water Data Report Great Miami River Watershed, Ohio

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2015 Water Data Report Great Miami River Watershed, Ohio MCD Report 2015-24 2015 WATER DATA REPORT GREAT MIAMI RIVER WATERSHED, OHIO MCD staff collecting data about the Great Miami River Abstract Water in the rivers, streams, and aquifers of the Great Miami River Watershed is used by people in many ways including drinking and personal care, agriculture, recreation, industrial process water, commercial, food production, and thermoelectric power generation. Tracking the trends of water quality and quantity helps communities better understand water availability and water health issues. To collect water data in 2015, MCD and its partners operated an extensive hydrologic monitoring system and tracked annual and long-term trends in precipitation, runoff, and groundwater levels. Long-term trends in precipitation, runoff, and streamflow are increasing and likely reflect climatic variability coupled with declining water use. Groundwater levels are staying steady. MCD also measured water quality data to track nutrients and other contaminants in rivers, streams, and groundwater. Water quality in rivers and streams reflects continued nutrient enrichment. A small study of groundwater quality indicated the presences of naturally occurring nuisance contaminants as well as human caused impacts to the aquifer. For more information on the current programs of MCD, visit www.MCDWater.org. Table of Contents BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Water in the Great Miami River Watershed .......................................................................... 1 Rivers and Streams ................................................................................................................ 1 Buried Valley Aquifer............................................................................................................ 3 Hydrogeologic Setting ........................................................................................................... 4 Aquifers................................................................................................................................... 5 Land Use ................................................................................................................................. 5 WATER QUANTITY .............................................................................................................................. 8 The Water Cycle ..................................................................................................................... 8 Measuring Precipitation .......................................................................................................... 8 2015 Precipitation in the Great Miami River Watershed....................................................... 9 Measuring Runoff, Streamflow, and Groundwater Recharge ............................................. 13 2015 Runoff in the Great Miami River Watershed .............................................................. 15 How runoff is computed ...................................................................................................... 15 2015 Surface Runoff ............................................................................................................ 17 2015 Base Flow Runoff ....................................................................................................... 17 Trends in Annual Runoff ..................................................................................................... 19 2015 Flow in the Great Miami River at Hamilton ............................................................... 19 2015 Groundwater Recharge in the Great Miami River Watershed .................................... 23 How Groundwater Recharge is Estimated ............................................................................ 24 2015 Groundwater Levels .................................................................................................... 25 2015 Water Budget for the Great Miami River Watershed ................................................. 30 Summary of 2015 Water Quantity Data .............................................................................. 32 WATER QUALITY ............................................................................................................................... 33 Nutrient Monitoring in Surface Water ................................................................................. 33 Ohio’s Water Quality Standards .......................................................................................... 34 Ohio’s Nutrient Standards..................................................................................................... 36 2015 Nutrient Concentrations .............................................................................................. 38 2015 Annual Nutrient Loads ................................................................................................ 39 How Annual Loads are calculated ........................................................................................ 39 2015 Annual Nutrient Yields ............................................................................................... 40 How Annual Yields are calculated ....................................................................................... 40 2015 Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, and Chlorophyll ............................................. 40 Chlorophyll ........................................................................................................................... 43 Dissolved Oxygen ................................................................................................................. 44 pH .......................................................................................................................................... 45 Temperature .......................................................................................................................... 45 Groundwater Quality Study ................................................................................................................... 45 2015 Groundwater Quality Study Results ........................................................................... 48 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................... 51 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 52 Appendix A - Precipitation Data ............................................................................................................ 56 Appendix B - Summary of Precipitation, Runoff, & Base Flow Data ................................................... 57 Appendix C - RORA Calculated Groundwater Recharge Data ............................................................. 58 Appendix D - Groundwater Observation Well Hydrographs................................................................. 59 Appendix E - ΔS Computations for Observation Wells......................................................................... 71 Appendix F- Recent Water Withdrawals ............................................................................................... 74 Appendix G - Nutrient Concentration Statistics .................................................................................... 77 Appendix H - Nutrient Concentrations and Discharge for Samples Collected in 2015 ......................... 79 Appendix I - Seasonal Variations in Nutrient Concentrations for Samples Collected in 2015 ............. 84 Appendix J – Nutrient Load Summary .................................................................................................. 89 Appendix K – Nutrient Yield Summary ................................................................................................ 90 Appendix L – Continuous Water Quality Data ...................................................................................... 91 Appendix M - Groundwater Quality Data ............................................................................................. 93 2015 Water Resources Report for the Great Miami River Watershed 1 BACKGROUND The Miami Conservancy District (MCD) is a conservancy district, which is a political subdivision of the State of Ohio. MCD works as a regional government agency throughout the 15-county Great Miami River Watershed. Formed in 1915, MCD provides flood protection, water resource monitoring and information, and recreational opportunities. MCD operates automated and observer precipitation stations and an extensive stream gaging network to record stream stage and calculate streamflow. MCD has operated the stream gaging network with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) under a cooperative agreement since 1931. Partnering with a variety of federal, state, and local governments, MCD conducts surface water and groundwater quality and quantity studies. For more information on MCD’s current programs, visit www.MCDWater.org. Water in the Great Miami River Watershed Water in the rivers, streams, and aquifers of the Great Miami River Watershed provides for drinking water, wastewater assimilation, thermoelectric power generation, irrigation, industrial process water, and aquatic recreation activities. According to the most recent Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) statistics, 2014 water use in the Great Miami River Watershed was approximately
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