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Estimated Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Ghana
Journal of Fungi Article Estimated Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Ghana Bright K. Ocansey 1, George A. Pesewu 2,*, Francis S. Codjoe 2, Samuel Osei-Djarbeng 3, Patrick K. Feglo 4 and David W. Denning 5 1 Laboratory Unit, New Hope Specialist Hospital, Aflao 00233, Ghana; [email protected] 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB-143, Korle-Bu, Accra 00233, Ghana; [email protected] 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumasi Technical University, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; [email protected] 4 Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; [email protected] 5 National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital and the University of Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +233-277-301-300; Fax: +233-240-190-737 Received: 5 March 2019; Accepted: 14 April 2019; Published: 11 May 2019 Abstract: Fungal infections are increasingly becoming common and yet often neglected in developing countries. Information on the burden of these infections is important for improved patient outcomes. The burden of serious fungal infections in Ghana is unknown. We aimed to estimate this burden. Using local, regional, or global data and estimates of population and at-risk groups, deterministic modelling was employed to estimate national incidence or prevalence. Our study revealed that about 4% of Ghanaians suffer from serious fungal infections yearly, with over 35,000 affected by life-threatening invasive fungal infections. -
Fungal Infection
The Pocket Guide to Fungal Infection Second Edition Malcolm D. Richardson PhD, FIBiol, FRCPath Mycology Unit Department of Bacteriology and Immunology University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland Elizabeth M. Johnson PhD Mycology Reference Laboratory Health Protection Agency Bristol, United Kingdom The Pocket Guide to Fungal Infection Second Edition To families and friends The Pocket Guide to Fungal Infection Second Edition Malcolm D. Richardson PhD, FIBiol, FRCPath Mycology Unit Department of Bacteriology and Immunology University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland Elizabeth M. Johnson PhD Mycology Reference Laboratory Health Protection Agency Bristol, United Kingdom © 2005 Malcolm D. Richardson, Elizabeth M. Johnson Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-5020, USA Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of the Authors to be identified as the Authors of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First edition published 2000 Reprinted 2000, 2002 Second Edition 2005 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Richardson, M. D. The pocket guide to fungal infection / Malcolm D. Richardson, Elizabeth M. Johnson. — 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-2218-4 ISBN-10: 1-4051-2218-8 1. -
Glossary for Narrative Writing
Periodontal Assessment and Treatment Planning Gingival description Color: o pink o erythematous o cyanotic o racial pigmentation o metallic pigmentation o uniformity Contour: o recession o clefts o enlarged papillae o cratered papillae o blunted papillae o highly rolled o bulbous o knife-edged o scalloped o stippled Consistency: o firm o edematous o hyperplastic o fibrotic Band of gingiva: o amount o quality o location o treatability Bleeding tendency: o sulcus base, lining o gingival margins Suppuration Sinus tract formation Pocket depths Pseudopockets Frena Pain Other pathology Dental Description Defective restorations: o overhangs o open contacts o poor contours Fractured cusps 1 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 Caries Deposits: o Type . plaque . calculus . stain . matera alba o Location . supragingival . subgingival o Severity . mild . moderate . severe Wear facets Percussion sensitivity Tooth vitality Attrition, erosion, abrasion Occlusal plane level Occlusion findings Furcations Mobility Fremitus Radiographic findings Film dates Crown:root ratio Amount of bone loss o horizontal; vertical o localized; generalized Root length and shape Overhangs Bulbous crowns Fenestrations Dehiscences Tooth resorption Retained root tips Impacted teeth Root proximities Tilted teeth Radiolucencies/opacities Etiologic factors Local: o plaque o calculus o overhangs 2 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 o orthodontic apparatus o open margins o open contacts o improper -
Update on Challenging Disorders of Pigmentation in Skin of Color Heather Woolery-Lloyd, M.D
Update on Challenging Disorders of Pigmentation in Skin of Color Heather Woolery-Lloyd, M.D. Director of Ethnic Skin Care Voluntary Assistant Professor Miller/University of Miami School of Medicine Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery What Determines Skin Color? What Determines Skin Color? No significant difference in the number of melanocytes between the races 2000 epidermal melanocytes/mm2 on head and forearm 1000 epidermal melanocytes/mm2 on the rest of the body differences present at birth Jimbow K, Quevedo WC, Prota G, Fitzpatrick TB (1999) Biology of melanocytes. In I. M. Freedberg, A.Z. Eisen, K. Wolff,K.F. Austen, L.A. Goldsmith, S. I. Katz, T. B. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Dermatology in General Medicine 5th ed., pp192-220, New York, NY: McGraw Hill Melanosomes in Black and White Skin Black White Szabo G, Gerald AB, Pathak MA, Fitzpatrick TB. Nature1969;222:1081-1082 Jimbow K, Quevedo WC, Prota G, Fitzpatrick TB (1999) Biology of melanocytes. In I. M. Freedberg, A.Z. Eisen, K. Wolff, K.F. Austen, L.A. Goldsmith, S. I. Katz, T. B. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Dermatology in General Medicine 5th ed., pp192- 220, New York, NY: McGraw Hill Role of Melanin-Advantages Melanin absorbs and scatters energy from UV and visible light to protect epidermal cells from UV damage Disadvantages Inflammation or injury to the skin is almost immediately accompanied by alteration in pigmentation Hyperpigmentation Hypopigmentation Dyschromias Post-Inflammatory hyperpigmentation Acne Melasma Lichen Planus Pigmentosus Progressive Macular Hypomelanosis -
Tinea Infections: Athlete's Foot, Jock Itch and Ringworm
Tinea Infections: Athlete’s Fo ot, Jock Itch and Ringworm What is tinea? Tinea is caused by a fungus that grows on your skin, hair or nails. As it grows, it spreads out in a circle, leaving normal-looking skin in the middle. This makes it look like a ring. At the edge of the ring, the skin is lifted up by the irritation and looks like a red and scaly rash. To some people, the infection looks like a worm is under the skin. Because of the way it looks, tinea infection is often called “ringworm.” However, there really is not a worm under the skin. How did I get a ringworm/tinea? You can get a fungal infection by contact with person or environment. Some fungi live on damp surfaces, like the floors of showers or locker rooms. You can even catch a fungal infection from your pets. Dogs and cats, as well as farm animals, can be infected with a fungus. Often this infection looks like a patch of skin where fur is missing (mange). What areas of the body are affected by tinea infections? Fungal infections are named for the part of the body they infect. Tinea corporis is a fungal infection of the skin on the body. If you have this infection, you may see small, red spots that grow into large rings almost anywhere on your arms, legs or chest. Tinea pedis is usually called “athlete’s foot.” The moist skin between your toes is a perfect place for a fungus to grow. The skin may become itchy and red, with a white, wet surface. -
A Diagnostic Approach to Pruritus
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Air Force Research U.S. Department of Defense 2011 A Diagnostic Approach to Pruritus Brian V. Reamy Christopher W. Bunt Stacy Fletcher Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usafresearch This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Defense at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in U.S. Air Force Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. A Diagnostic Approach to Pruritus BRIAN V. REAMY, MD, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland CHRISTOPHER W. BUNT, MAJ, USAF, MC, and STACY FLETCHER, CAPT, USAF, MC Ehrling Bergquist Family Medicine Residency Program, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, and the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska Pruritus can be a symptom of a distinct dermatologic condition or of an occult underlying systemic disease. Of the patients referred to a dermatologist for generalized pruritus with no apparent primary cutaneous cause, 14 to 24 percent have a systemic etiology. In the absence of a primary skin lesion, the review of systems should include evaluation for thyroid disorders, lymphoma, kidney and liver diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Findings suggestive of less seri- ous etiologies include younger age, localized symptoms, acute onset, involvement limited to exposed areas, and a clear association with a sick contact or recent travel. Chronic or general- ized pruritus, older age, and abnormal physical findings should increase concern for underly- ing systemic conditions. -
Fungal Infections from Human and Animal Contact
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews Volume 4 Issue 2 Article 4 4-25-2017 Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact Dennis J. Baumgardner Follow this and additional works at: https://aurora.org/jpcrr Part of the Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Commons, Infectious Disease Commons, and the Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Baumgardner DJ. Fungal infections from human and animal contact. J Patient Cent Res Rev. 2017;4:78-89. doi: 10.17294/2330-0698.1418 Published quarterly by Midwest-based health system Advocate Aurora Health and indexed in PubMed Central, the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews (JPCRR) is an open access, peer-reviewed medical journal focused on disseminating scholarly works devoted to improving patient-centered care practices, health outcomes, and the patient experience. REVIEW Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact Dennis J. Baumgardner, MD Aurora University of Wisconsin Medical Group, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; Center for Urban Population Health, Milwaukee, WI Abstract Fungal infections in humans resulting from human or animal contact are relatively uncommon, but they include a significant proportion of dermatophyte infections. Some of the most commonly encountered diseases of the integument are dermatomycoses. Human or animal contact may be the source of all types of tinea infections, occasional candidal infections, and some other types of superficial or deep fungal infections. This narrative review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of anthropophilic dermatophyte infections primarily found in North America. -
3628-3641-Pruritus in Selected Dermatoses
Eur opean Rev iew for Med ical and Pharmacol ogical Sci ences 2016; 20: 3628-3641 Pruritus in selected dermatoses K. OLEK-HRAB 1, M. HRAB 2, J. SZYFTER-HARRIS 1, Z. ADAMSKI 1 1Department of Dermatology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland 2Department of Urology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Abstract. – Pruritus is a natural defence mech - logical self-defence mechanism similar to other anism of the body and creates the scratch reflex skin sensations, such as touch, pain, vibration, as a defensive reaction to potentially dangerous cold or heat, enabling the protection of the skin environmental factors. Together with pain, pruritus from external factors. Pruritus is a frequent is a type of superficial sensory experience. Pruri - symptom associated with dermatoses and various tus is a symptom often experienced both in 1 healthy subjects and in those who have symptoms systemic diseases . Acute pruritus often develops of a disease. In dermatology, pruritus is a frequent simultaneously with urticarial symptoms or as an symptom associated with a number of dermatoses acute undesirable reaction to drugs. The treat - and is sometimes an auxiliary factor in the diag - ment of this form of pruritus is much easier. nostic process. Apart from histamine, the most The chronic pruritus that often develops in pa - popular pruritus mediators include tryptase, en - tients with cholestasis, kidney diseases or skin dothelins, substance P, bradykinin, prostaglandins diseases (e.g. atopic dermatitis) is often more dif - and acetylcholine. The group of atopic diseases is 2,3 characterized by the presence of very persistent ficult to treat . Persistent rubbing, scratching or pruritus. -
Itch in Ethnic Populations
Acta Derm Venereol 2010; 90: 227–234 REVIEW ARTICLE Itch in Ethnic Populations Hong Liang TEY1 and Gil YOSIPOVITCH2 1National Skin Centre, 1, Mandalay Road, Singapore, Singapore, and 2Department of Dermatology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, and Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence and clini- DIFFERENCES IN SKIN BIOLOGY AND ITCH cal characteristics of itch have rarely been studied. The aim of this review is to highlight possible associations Few studies have examined the differences between between ethnicity and different forms of chronic itch. We skin types in relation to ethnicity and neurobiology of provide a current review of the prevalence of different the skin. Differences between ethnic skin types and types of itch in ethnic populations. Genetic variation may skin properties may explain racial disparities seen in significantly affect receptors for itch as well as response pruritic dermatologic disorders. to anti-pruritic therapies. Primary cutaneous amyloido- sis, a type of pruritic dermatosis, is particularly common Epidermal structure and function in Asians and rare in Caucasians and African Ameri- cans, and this may relate to a genetic polymorphism in A recent study has shown that the skin surface and the Interleukin-31 receptor. Pruritus secondary to the melanocyte cytosol of darkly pigmented skin is more use of chloroquine for malaria is a common problem for acidic compared with those of type I–III skin (1). Serine African patients, but is not commonly reported in other protease enzymes, which have significant roles as pruri- ethnic groups. In patients with primary biliary cirrho- togens in atopic eczema and other chronic skin diseases, sis, pruritus is more common and more severe in African have been shown to be significantly reduced in black Americans and Hispanics compared with Caucasians. -
Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Infection Carrie L
Chapter Title Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Infection Carrie L. Kovarik, MD Addy Kekitiinwa, MB, ChB Heidi Schwarzwald, MD, MPH Objectives Table 1. Cutaneous manifestations of HIV 1. Review the most common cutaneous Cause Manifestations manifestations of human immunodeficiency Neoplasia Kaposi sarcoma virus (HIV) infection. Lymphoma 2. Describe the methods of diagnosis and treatment Squamous cell carcinoma for each cutaneous disease. Infectious Herpes zoster Herpes simplex virus infections Superficial fungal infections Key Points Angular cheilitis 1. Cutaneous lesions are often the first Chancroid manifestation of HIV noted by patients and Cryptococcus Histoplasmosis health professionals. Human papillomavirus (verruca vulgaris, 2. Cutaneous lesions occur frequently in both adults verruca plana, condyloma) and children infected with HIV. Impetigo 3. Diagnosis of several mucocutaneous diseases Lymphogranuloma venereum in the setting of HIV will allow appropriate Molluscum contagiosum treatment and prevention of complications. Syphilis Furunculosis 4. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous Folliculitis manifestations can prevent complications and Pyomyositis improve quality of life for HIV-infected persons. Other Pruritic papular eruption Seborrheic dermatitis Overview Drug eruption Vasculitis Many people with human immunodeficiency virus Psoriasis (HIV) infection develop cutaneous lesions. The risk of Hyperpigmentation developing cutaneous manifestations increases with Photodermatitis disease progression. As immunosuppression increases, Atopic Dermatitis patients may develop multiple skin diseases at once, Hair changes atypical-appearing skin lesions, or diseases that are refractory to standard treatment. Skin conditions that have been associated with HIV infection are listed in Clinical staging is useful in the initial assessment of a Table 1. patient, at the time the patient enters into long-term HIV care, and for monitoring a patient’s disease progression. -
Extrafacial Granuloma Faciale
Journal of the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Volume 11, Number 1 SPONSORS: ',/"!,0!4(/,/'9,!"/2!4/29s-%$)#)3 July 2008 34)%&%,,!"/2!4/2)%3s'!,$%2-! www.aocd.org Journal of the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Journal of the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology 2007-2008 Officers President: Jay Gottlieb, DO President Elect: Donald Tillman, DO First Vice President: Marc Epstein, DO Second Vice President: Leslie Kramer, DO Third Vice President: Bradley Glick, DO Secretary-Treasurer: Jere Mammino, DO (2007-2010) Immediate Past President: Bill Way, DO Trustees: James Towry, DO (2006-2008) Mark Kuriata, DO (2007-2010) Karen Neubauer, DO (2006-2008) David Grice, DO (2007-2010) Sponsors: Global Pathology Laboratory Editors Stiefel Laboratories Jay S. Gottlieb, D.O., F.O.C.O.O. Medicis Stanley E. Skopit, D.O., F.A.O.C.D. James Q. Del Rosso, D.O., F.A.O.C.D. Galderma Editorial Review Board Ronald Miller, D.O. JAOCD Eugene Conte, D.O. Founding Sponsor Evangelos Poulos, M.D. Stephen Purcell, D.O. Darrel Rigel, M.D. !/#$s%)LLINOISs+IRKSVILLE -/ s&!8 Robert Schwarze, D.O. WWWAOCDORG Andrew Hanly, M.D. #/092)'(4!.$0%2-)33)/.WRITTENPERMISSIONMUSTBEOBTAINED Michael Scott, D.O. FROMTHE*OURNALOFTHE!MERICAN/STEOPATHIC#OLLEGEOF$ERMATOLOGY FORCOPYINGORREPRINTINGTEXTOFMORETHANHALFPAGE TABLESORlGURES Cindy Hoffman, D.O. 0ERMISSIONSARENORMALLYGRANTEDCONTINGENTUPONSIMILARPERMISSION Charles Hughes, D.O. FROMTHEAUTHORS INCLUSIONOFACKNOWLEDGEMENTOFTHEORIGINALSOURCE ANDAPAYMENTOFPERPAGE TABLEORlGUREOFREPRODUCEDMATERIAL Bill Way, D.O. 0ERMISSIONFEESAREWAIVEDFORAUTHORSWISHINGTOREPRODUCETHEIROWN Daniel Hurd, D.O. ARTICLES2EQUESTFORPERMISSIONSHOULDBEDIRECTEDTO*!/#$CO!/#$ 0/"OX+IRKSVILLE -/ Mark Lebwohl, M.D. #OPYRIGHTBYTHE*OURNALOFTHE!MERICAN/STEOPATHIC#OLLEGEOF Edward Yob, D.O. $ERMATOLOGY Jere Mammino, D.O. Printed by: Stoyles Graphics Services, Mason City, IA 50401 Schield M. -
Dermatologia 2021;96(4):397---407
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2021;96(4):397---407 Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION Phototherapyଝ,ଝଝ ∗ Norami de Moura Barros , Lissiê Lunardi Sbroglio , Maria de Oliveira Buffara , Jessica Lana Conceic¸ão e Silva Baka , Allen de Souza Pessoa , Luna Azulay-Abulafia Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Received 3 December 2019; accepted 2 March 2021 Available online 2 April 2021 Abstract Of all the therapeutic options available in Dermatology, few of them have the his- KEYWORDS tory, effectiveness, and safety of phototherapy. Heliotherapy, NB-UVB, PUVA, and UVA1 are Phototherapy; currently the most common types of phototherapy used. Although psoriasis is the most frequent PUVA therapy; indication, it is used for atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and cutaneous Ultraviolet therapy sclerosis, among others. Before indicating phototherapy, a complete patient assessment should be performed. Possible contraindications should be actively searched for and it is essential to assess whether the patient can come to the treatment center at least twice a week. One of the main method limitations is the difficulty that patients have to attend the sessions. This therapy usually occurs in association with other treatments: topical or systemic medications. Maintaining the regular monitoring of the patient is essential to identify and treat possible adverse effects. Phototherapy is recognized for its benefits and should be considered whenever possible. © 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. Published by Elsevier Espana,˜ S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).