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Haapsalu Linna Liikuvusuuring Alusanalüüs Haapsalu Linna Üldplaneeringu Koostamiseks

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Haapsalu Linna Liikuvusuuring Alusanalüüs Haapsalu Linna Üldplaneeringu Koostamiseks Haapsalu linna liikuvusuuring Alusanalüüs Haapsalu linna üldplaneeringu koostamiseks Merlin Rehema Liikuvusspetsialist Versioon 08/2020 Haapsalu linna liikuvusuuring Alusanalüüs Haapsalu linna üldplaneeringu koostamiseks Sisukord 1 Sissejuhatus ................................................................................................ 3 2 Haapsalu linna üldandmed .......................................................................... 4 3 Funktsionaalne analüüs ............................................................................... 8 3.1 Teenuste kättesaadavus ......................................................................... 11 3.1.1 Töökohad ....................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Tööaja pendelränne ......................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Haridusasutused ............................................................................. 14 3.1.4 Huvitegevus ja sport ........................................................................ 15 3.1.5 Tervishoid ja sotsiaalhoolekanne ....................................................... 17 3.1.6 Turism ja puhkealad ........................................................................ 18 4 Liikumiskäitumine ja võrgustikud .............................................................. 20 4.1 Olemasoleva liinivõrgu analüüs ................................................................ 21 4.2 Teedevõrk ning liiklus ............................................................................. 26 4.3 Jalgsi ja jalgrattaga liikumine, kergliiklusteed ............................................ 31 5 Järeldused ja esmased soovitused ............................................................ 36 5.1 Multimodaalsuse toetamine ..................................................................... 36 5.2 Noarootsi püsiühendus ........................................................................... 39 5.3 Turba – Rohuküla raudteeühendus ........................................................... 40 5.4 Ettepanekud ja soovitused teemade kaupa ................................................ 42 5.4.1 Ala funktsionaalsus .......................................................................... 42 5.4.2 Ühistransport .................................................................................. 43 5.4.3 Autoliiklus ...................................................................................... 44 5.4.4 Jalgsi ja rattaga liikumine ning kergliiklusteed .................................... 45 6 Lisad .......................................................................................................... 48 02 / 054 Haapsalu linna liikuvusuuring Alusanalüüs Haapsalu linna üldplaneeringu koostamiseks 1 Sissejuhatus Haapsalu linna arengukava kohaselt on linna visiooniks olla aastal 2028 arenenud sotsiaalse ja tehnilise taristuga, moodsa elukeskkonnaga keskkonnasõbralik ja pereväärtusi hoidev omavalitsus, kus on säilinud miljööväärtuslik linnakeskkond, mitmekesise looduse ja piirkondliku omapäraga maapiirkond ning avalikud teenused on elanikele kodust kättesaadavas kauguses. Selle kõige saavutamiseks on oluline ka heal tasemel ühendused eri elanikegruppidele vastavalt nende eelistatud liikumisviisiga. Uuringu eesmärgiks on tuua välja liikumiste pilt Haapsalu linnas ja teiste suuremate lähikonna keskuste vahel, analüüsida rahvastiku liikumisviise ja sihtkohti ning teha ettepanekud liikumisvõimaluste parandamiseks. Analüüsi tulemustele tuginedes tehakse töö teises osas ettepanekud liikumisvõimaluste parendamiseks üldplaneeringu üldistusastmes. Uuring on teostatud kahes suuremas etapis: • Funktsionaalanalüüs ehk liikumiste põhjuste ja sihtmärkide väljaselgitamine piirkondlikul tasandil. Hinnatakse eeskätt suuremahulisi pendelliikumisi - kodu-töö, kodu-kool, kodu-kool-ringid, teenused vahel. • Liikumisvõrgustike analüüs, arvestades erinevaid liikumismoode ehk modaalsust: autoliiklus, ühistransport, jalgsi ja rattaga liikumine. Liikumisvõrgustikke analüüsitakse nii valla siseselt kui ka väljaspool valda asuvate olulisemate sihtkohtade vahel. Metoodikad ja nende detailsuse optimaalne aste on valitud vastavalt üldplaneeringu detailsusastmele võimaldamaks liikuvuse seisukohast erinevate soovituste andmist maakasutuse suunamisel. Analüüs tugineb erinevatel andmeallikatel ja varasematel uuringutel ning vallalt saadud informatsioonil. Uusi algandmeid antud töö käigus kogutud ei ole. 03 / 054 Haapsalu linna liikuvusuuring Alusanalüüs Haapsalu linna üldplaneeringu koostamiseks 2 Haapsalu linna üldandmed Täpsem ülevaade omavalitsuse kohta on toodud Haapsalu linna üldplaneeringu Lisas 21. Antud uuringusse on toodud üle olulisemad liikuvust mõjutavad näitajad. Haapsalu linn asub Lääne-Eestis ning on ühtlasi Läänemaa maakonnakeskus (Joonis 1). Haldusreformi järgselt tuleb eristada Haapsalu linna omavalitsusüksusena, kuhu kuulub lisaks ka endise Ridala valla territoorium, ning väiksemates piirides asustusüksusena. Seega on omavalitsuses oluliselt suurema ja mitmekesisema maa-alaga territoorium, kui linnaline Haapsalu. Omavalitsus piirneb Lääne-Nigula vallaga ning merepiir on Vormsi vallaga, Lääneranna vallaga seob Haapsalu linna ennekõike Matsalu rahvuspark. Kaugus Haapsalu keskusest Tallinna on ca 100 km ning Pärnusse ca 110 km. Linna ulatus põhjast-lõunasse on ligikaudu 20 km, idast läände umbes 17 km. Haapsalu linna territooriumil asub 1 linn, 2 alevikku ja 56 küla. Linna koosseisu kuulub ka 78 saart ja laidu, millest suurim on Tauksi (2,5 km²) ja ainsana asustatud Hobulaid (0,75 km2). Haapsalu toimepiirkonna (end Haapsalu linn ja Ridala vald) keskuslinn Haapsalu on ühtlasi ka maakondlik keskus. Nii omavalitsust kui inimeste liikuvust mõjutavad kindlasti piirkonda läbiv Ääsmäe- Haapsalu-Rohuküla põhimaantee ja Rohuküla sadam, kust toimuvad ühendused Hiiumaale ja Vormsi saarele. Nii on ühest küljest linnal endal hea ühendatuse ja turismi potentsiaal ning teisalt toimub pidev läbiv transiitliiklus. Joonis 1 Haapsalu linna paiknemine Haapsalu linna elanike arv oli 01.01.2020 seisuga 13 075 inimest. Ääsmäe-Haapsalu- Rohuküla põhimaantee asukoht mõjutab selgelt ka rahvastiku paiknemist, mis on Haapsalus selgelt koondunud omavalitsuse põhjaossa ja rannikule – Haapsalu linna (asustusüksus), Uuemõisa ja Paralepa alevikesse (Joonis 3). Tihedamalt asustatud 1 Haapsalu üldplaneering, Lisa 2 – Ülevaade Haapsalu linnast 04 / 054 Haapsalu linna liikuvusuuring Alusanalüüs Haapsalu linna üldplaneeringu koostamiseks piirkonnad on ka Sinalepa paikkond linna keskosas ning Asuküla paikkond Lääne osas. Ülejäänud omavalitsuse territoorium on hõredalt või täiesti asustamata, mis mõjutab kindlasti ka teenuste kättesaadavust ja ligipääsetavust ning vajalike ühenduste loomise lihtsust. Eakate ning laste suurem arv järgib valdavalt üldist rahvastikutihedust omavalitsuses, olles selgelt kõrgem Haapsalu linnastus. Samas on mitmeid asustusüksuseid, kus puuduvad üldse 0-14 aastased elanikud. Joonis 2 Haapsalu linna rahvastikupüramiid 01.01.2020 seisuga. Allikas: Statistikaamet Haapsalu linna rahvastikupüramiid (Joonis 2) annab aimu sündimuse vähenemisest ja rahvastiku vananemisest. Seega on ka Haapsalu linn silmitsi elanikkonna vähenemisega. Rahvastiku vanuseline jaotus ei erine märkimisväärselt Eesti keskmisest olles pigem kahaneva iseloomuga. Olulisem erinevus on täheldatav 30-44 aastaste tööealiste elanike väiksemas osakaalus, kellede hulgas on ka mujal valdavalt hajaasustusega piirkondades väljaränne kõige aktiivsem. Eesti keskmisest suurem on selgelt üle 55-aastaste ning eakate osakaal. Statistikaameti prognoosi kohaselt peaks 2030. aastal olema kogu Lääne maakonnas 65+ aastasi elanikke pea kolmandik kogu rahvastikust, neist suurem osa elab Haapsalu linnas. Keskmisest madalam on aga sündimuse tase. 05 / 054 Joonis 3 Haapsalu linna rahvastikutihedus ja paiknemine 2018 ja 2019.a. Allikas: Statistikaamet Vastavalt 2019. a teostatud väikeasulate uuringule2 on omavalitsuse asustusüksused (mille kohta on kättesaadav olnud piisav andmestik) väga eriilmelised (joonis 4). On nii kasvavaid ja lastega kui ka selgelt kahanevaid piirkondi ning nende vahel puudub väga selge ruumiline jaotus ja koondumine. Joonis 4 Asulatüübid vastavalt Väikeasulate uuringule Koondina on Haapsalu puhul tegemist siiski valdavalt kahaneva ja vananeva elanikkonnaga piirkonnaga, mis on iseloomulik Eesti omavalitsustele, v.a Tallinn, Tallinna ümbruse omavalitsused ja Tartu. See omakorda mõjutab vajalike teenuste iseloomu, kuid eriti nende head kättesaadavust nii sisuliselt kui ruumiliselt. Rahvastiku vanuselise jaotuse järgi on vallas selgelt suurem vajadus tervishoiu ja hoolekandeteenuste järele, mille puhul on oluline tagada nende hea kvaliteet ja erinevatele liikujagruppidele sobival viisil kättesaadavus Haapsalu linnastus ja teatud määral ka Ridalas. Samas esmatarbekaupade kättesaadavuse järele on suurem vajadus just kodulähedases asukohas (lähikeskustes). Aktiivset liikumist soodustavat taristut on eeskätt oluline rajada noorema elanikkonnaga piirkondadesse, kus reaalne füüsiline võimekus ja eeldatav valmisolek nende tarbimiseks on suurem. 2 Eesti väikeasulate uuring. Hendrikson&Ko ja Tallinna Ülikool. 2019 Haapsalu linna liikuvusuuring Alusanalüüs Haapsalu linna üldplaneeringu koostamiseks 3 Funktsionaalne analüüs Funktsionaalanalüüsi üheks eelduseks on see, et enamik liikumisi algab inimeste elukohtadest ning teenuste kättesaadavus on seotud kaugusega elukohast. Samas kasutavad inimesed ka erinevate tegevuste ühendamist, kui mitmed
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