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Loudoun County African-American Historic Architectural Resources Survey
Loudoun County African-American Historic Architectural Resources Survey Lincoln "Colored" School, 1938. From the Library of Virginia: School Building Services Photograph Collection. Prepared by: History Matters, LLC Washington, DC September 2004 Sponsored by the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors & The Black History Committee of the Friends of the Thomas Balch Library Leesburg, VA Loudoun County African-American Historic Architectural Resources Survey Prepared by: Kathryn Gettings Smith Edna Johnston Megan Glynn History Matters, LLC Washington, DC September 2004 Sponsored by the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors & The Black History Committee of the Friends of the Thomas Balch Library Leesburg, VA Loudoun County Department of Planning 1 Harrison Street, S.E., 3rd Floor Leesburg, VA 20175 703-777-0246 Table of Contents I. Abstract 4 II. Acknowledgements 5 III. List of Figures 6 IV. Project Description and Research Design 8 V. Historic Context A. Historic Overview 10 B. Discussion of Surveyed Resources 19 VI. Survey Findings 56 VII. Recommendations 58 VIII. Bibliography 62 IX. Appendices A. Indices of Surveyed Resources 72 B. Brief Histories of Surveyed Towns, Villages, Hamlets, 108 & Neighborhoods C. African-American Cemeteries in Loudoun County 126 D. Explanations of Historic Themes 127 E. Possible Sites For Future Survey 130 F. Previously Documented Resources with Significance to 136 Loudoun County’s African-American History 1 Figure 1: Map of Loudoun County, Virginia with principal roads, towns, and waterways. Map courtesy of the Loudoun County Office of Mapping. 2 Figure 2. Historically African-American Communities of Loudoun County, Virginia. Prepared by Loudoun County Office of Mapping, May 15, 2001 (Map #2001-015) from data collected by the Black History Committee of the Friends of Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, Va. -
James Longstreet and the Retreat from Gettysburg
“Such a night is seldom experienced…” James Longstreet and the Retreat from Gettysburg Karlton Smith, Gettysburg NMP After the repulse of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet’s Assault on July 3, 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee, commanding the Army of Northern Virginia, knew that the only option left for him at Gettysburg was to try to disengage from his lines and return with his army to Virginia. Longstreet, commander of the army’s First Corps and Lee’s chief lieutenant, would play a significant role in this retrograde movement. As a preliminary to the general withdrawal, Longstreet decided to pull his troops back from the forward positions gained during the fighting on July 2. Lt. Col. G. Moxley Sorrel, Longstreet’s adjutant general, delivered the necessary orders to Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws, commanding one of Longstreet’s divisions. Sorrel offered to carry the order to Brig. Gen. Evander M. Law, commanding John B. Hood’s division, on McLaws’s right. McLaws raised objections to this order. He felt that his advanced position was important and “had been won after a deadly struggle; that the order was given no doubt because of [George] Pickett’s repulse, but as there was no pursuit there was no necessity of it.” Sorrel interrupted saying: “General, there is no discretion allowed, the order is for you to retire at once.” Gen. James Longstreet, C.S.A. (LOC) As McLaws’s forward line was withdrawing to Warfield and Seminary ridges, the Federal batteries on Little Round Top opened fire, “but by quickening the pace the aim was so disturbed that no damage was done.” McLaws’s line was followed by “clouds of skirmishers” from the Federal Army of the Potomac; however, after reinforcing his own skirmish line they were driven back from the Peach Orchard area. -
HIGH ALLEGHENY PLATEAU ECOREGIONAL PLAN: FIRST ITERATION Conservation Science Support—Northeast and Caribbean
HIGH ALLEGHENY PLATEAU ECOREGIONAL PLAN: FIRST ITERATION Conservation Science Support—Northeast and Caribbean The High Allegheny Plan is a first iteration, a scientific assessment of the ecoregion. As part of the planning process, other aspects of the plan will be developed in future iterations, along with updates to the ecological assessment itself. These include fuller evaluations of threats to the ecoregion, constraints on conservation activities, and implementation strategies. CSS is now developing a standard template for ecoregional plans, which we have applied to the HAL first iteration draft report, distributed in 2002. Some of the HAL results have been edited or updated for this version. Click on the navigation pane to browse the report sections. What is the purpose of the report template? The purpose of creating a standard template for ecoregional plans in the Northeast is twofold: — to compile concise descriptions of methodologies developed and used for ecoregional assessment in the Northeast. These descriptions are meant to meet the needs of planning team members who need authoritative text to include in future plan documents, of science staff who need to respond to questions of methodology, and of program and state directors looking for material for general audience publications. — to create a modular resource whose pieces can be selected, incorporated in various formats, linked to in other documents, and updated easily. How does the template work? Methods are separated from results in this format, and the bulk of our work has gone into the standard methods sections. We have tried to make each methods section stand alone. Every section includes its own citation on the first page. -
Snickers Gap, Loudoun County, Virginia Introduction: Snickers Gap
Snickers Gap, Loudoun County, Virginia Introduction: Snickers Gap, originally Williams Gap, is a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mount on the border of Loudoun County and Clark County in Virginia. The gap is traversed by Virginia State Route 7. The Appalachian Trail also passes across the gap. Bear’s Den and Raven Rocks are adjacent to the gap. Geography: At 1,056 feet (322 m) the gap is approximately 300 to 600 feet (91 to 183 m) below the adjacent ridge line and 400 to 600 feet (120 to 180 m) above the surrounding countryside. Due to the dwindling height of the Blue Ridge as it approaches the Potomac River, Snickers Gap is one of the lowest wind gaps of the ridge in Virginia, with only Manassas Gap and the adjacent Keyes Gap being lower. The gap connects the northern Virginia piedmont with the lower Shenandoah Valley and serves as a main thoroughfare between the two regions. History: The gap has been a major thoroughfare since before the European colonization of the area. Native Americans originally cut a trail through the gap that continued to be used by settlers. The gap was known as Williams’ Gap until the early 1780’s, when the modern name began to be used. The gap derived its name from Edward Snickers, who owned the gap and surrounding land and operated a ferry across the Shenandoah River on the western side of the gap. But the late 18th century the Snikersville Turnpike and the Snickers Gap Turnpike were completed, and Snickers Gap became the main thoroughfare between Loudoun County and the Shenandoah bypassing Keyes Gap, which to that point had been the preferred route. -
PRIMITIVE CAMPING in Pennsylvania State Parks and Forests 11/2014
PRIMITIVE CAMPING in Pennsylvania State Parks and Forests 11/2014 What is Primitive Camping? Primitive camping is a simplistic style of camping. Campers hike, pedal or paddle to reach a location and spend the night without the presence of developed facilities. This primitive camping experience takes place off the beaten path, where piped water, restrooms and other amenities are not provided. You pack in all you need, exchanging a few conveniences for the solitude found in the back country setting. Fresh air, fewer people and out-of-the-way natural landscapes are some of the benefits of primitive camping. Once off the beaten path, however, additional advantages begin to surface such as a deeper awareness and greater appreciation of the outdoor world around you. Primitive camping also builds outdoor skills and fosters a gratifying sense of self-sufficiency. Where to Camp Pennsylvania has 2.2 million acres of state forest land with 2,500 miles of trails and 5,132 miles of Camping at rivers and streams winding through it. Hiking, biking and multi-use trails traverse most state forest districts and six districts have designated water trails that transect state forest land. Forest Districts State parks are not open to primitive camping. However, with the exception of William Penn State Forest, all state forest districts are open to this activity. Camping is not permitted in designated STATE FOREST DISTRICTS: natural areas or at vistas, trail heads, picnic areas and areas that are posted closed to camping. Bald Eagle State Forest (570) 922-3344 Contact a forest district office for specific information, maps and Camping Permits (if needed). -
FALL FOLIAGE REPORT October 1 – October 7, 2020
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Bureau of Forestry PENNSYLVANIA WEEKLY FALL FOLIAGE REPORT October 1 – October 7, 2020 TIOGA CAMERON BRADFORD To predict peak season from the colors, use these guidelines: ➢ Dark Green/No Change= peak is three weeks to a month away ➢ Light Green/Starting to Change= peak is approximately two to three weeks away ➢ Yellow/Approaching Best Color= peak is approximately one week away ➢ Orange/Best Color= foliage is peaking this week ➢ Red/Starting to Fade= still some nice color but won’t last more than a few more days ➢ Brown/Past Peak= all or nearly all color is gone Statewide Fall Foliage Overview What a difference a week makes! Cold and frosty nights and very dry conditions have ushered in marked changes across the northern tier, where foliage is at its spectacular peak. Sugar and red maples are the stars of the show, contrasting beautifully with the still-green oak canopies. Another cold snap could jumpstart much of the Appalachian and Allegheny mountain regions, setting the table for back to back weeks of fantastic fall foliage viewing opportunities across wide swaths of the commonwealth. Northwestern Region The district manager in Cornplanter State Forest District (Warren, Erie counties) reports that cooler nights have spurred fall colors in northwest Pennsylvania. Many oaks are still quite green, but maples (sugar and red) are displaying brilliant colors. Aspen, hickory, and birch are continuing to color the landscape with warm yellow hues. Route 6 to Chapman State Park is a recommended fall foliage corridor in Warren County. Exciting fall color can be found at Chapman State Park. -
Gettysburg National Military Park STUDENT PROGRAM
Gettysburg National Military Park STUDENT PROGRAM 1 Teachers’ Guide Table of Contents Purpose and Procedure ...................................3 FYI ...BackgroundInformationforTeachersandStudents CausesoftheAmericanCivilWar .........................5 TheBattleofGettysburg .................................8 CivilWarMedicalVocabulary ...........................12 MedicalTimeline ......................................14 Before Your Field Trip The Oath of Allegiance and the Hippocratic Oath ...........18 Squad #1 Activities — Camp Doctors .....................19 FieldTripIdentities .........................20 "SickCall"Play..............................21 CampDoctorsStudyMaterials ................23 PicturePages ...............................25 Camp Report — SickCallRegister .............26 Squad #2 Activities — BattlefieldDoctors .................27 FieldTripIdentities .........................28 "Triage"Play ...............................29 BattlefieldStudyMaterials ...................30 Battle Report — FieldHospitalRegister ........32 Squad #3 Activities — HospitalDoctors ...................33 FieldTripIdentities .........................34 "Hospital"Play..............................35 HospitalStudyMaterials(withPicturePages) ...37 Hospital Report — CertificateofDisability .....42 Your Field Trip Day FieldTripDayProcedures ..............................43 OverviewoftheFieldTrip ..............................44 Nametags .............................................45 After Your Field Trip SuggestedPost-VisitActivities ...........................46 -
2015 Corridor Analysis of the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail in Northern Virginia
2015 Corridor Analysis Of the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail in Northern Virginia 0 http://www.novaregion.org/index.aspx?nid=299 Acknowledgements The Northern Virginia Regional Commission (NVRC) thanks the following individuals for their contributions to this report: • Donald Briggs, Superintendent of the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail for the National Park Service; • Ursula Lemanski, Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program for the National Park Service; • Mark Novak, Loudoun County Park Authority; • Debbie Andrews of Prince William County Department of Parks and Recreation; and • Members of the Potomac Heritage Trail Association. The report is an NVRC staff product, supported with funds provided by a cooperative agreement with the National Capital Region National Park Service (Grant Cooperative Agreement P14AC01704). Any assessments, conclusions, or recommendations contained in this report represent the results of the NVRC staff’s technical investigation and do not represent policy positions of the Northern Virginia Regional Commission unless so stated in an adopted resolution of said Commission. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the jurisdictions, the National Park Service, or any of its sub agencies. Report prepared by: Corey Miles, Senior Environmental Planner Northern Virginia Regional Commission Debbie Spiliotopoulos, Senior Environmental Planner Northern Virginia Regional Commission Figure 1 Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail Corridor 1 http://www.novaregion.org/index.aspx?nid=299 The Northern Virginia Regional Commission 2015 Commissioners Listed by Jurisdiction (As of December 2015) Commissioners are appointed by and from the governing bodies of NVRC’s member localities on a population-based representation formula. -
Electricity Transmission, Pipelines, and National Trails. an Analysis Of
About Argonne National Laboratory Argonne is a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Laboratory’s main facility is outside Chicago, at 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439. For information about Argonne and its pioneering science and technology programs, see www.anl.gov. DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Online Access: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via DOE’s SciTech Connect (http://www.osti.gov/scitech/) Reports not in digital format may be purchased by the public from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS): U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Rd Alexandra, VA 22312 www.ntis.gov Phone: (800) 553-NTIS (6847) or (703) 605-6000 Fax: (703) 605-6900 Email: [email protected] Reports not in digital format are available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI): U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 www.osti.gov Phone: (865) 576-8401 Fax: (865) 576-5728 Email: [email protected] Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor UChicago Argonne, LLC, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. -
PICKETT's CHARGE Gettysburg National Military Park STUDENT
PICKETT’S CHARGE I Gettysburg National Military Park STUDENT PROGRAM U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Pickett's Charge A Student Education Program at Gettysburg National Military Park TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 How To Use This Booklet ••••..••.••...• 3 Section 2 Program Overview . • . • . • . • . 4 Section 3 Field Trip Day Procedures • • • . • • • . 5 Section 4 Essential Background and Activities . 6 A Causes ofthe American Civil War ••..•...... 7 ft The Battle ofGettysburg . • • • . • . 10 A Pi.ckett's Charge Vocabulary •............... 14 A Name Tags ••.. ... ...........• . •......... 15 A Election ofOfficers and Insignia ......•..•.. 15 A Assignm~t ofSoldier Identity •..••......... 17 A Flag-Making ............................. 22 ft Drill of the Company (Your Class) ........... 23 Section 5 Additional Background and Activities .••.. 24 Structure ofthe Confederate Army .......... 25 Confederate Leaders at Gettysburg ••.•••.••• 27 History of the 28th Virginia Regiment ....... 30 History of the 57th Virginia Regiment . .. .... 32 Infantry Soldier Equipment ................ 34 Civil War Weaponry . · · · · · · 35 Pre-Vtsit Discussion Questions . • . 37 11:me Line . 38 ... Section 6 B us A ct1vities ........................• 39 Soldier Pastimes . 39 Pickett's Charge Matching . ••.......•....... 43 Pickett's Charge Matching - Answer Key . 44 •• A .•. Section 7 P ost-V 1s1t ctivities .................... 45 Post-Visit Activity Ideas . • . • . • . • . 45 After Pickett's Charge . • • • • . • . 46 Key: ft = Essential Preparation for Trip 2 Section 1 How to Use This Booklet Your students will gain the most benefit from this program if they are prepared for their visit. The preparatory information and activities in this booklet are necessary because .. • students retain the most information when they are pre pared for the field trip, knowing what to expect, what is expected of them, and with some base of knowledge upon which the program ranger can build. -
VEN-03: Venturing Activities (Period 3, March 6, 2004) Hudson Valley Councils University of Scouting Walter Godshall Jeremy J
VEN-03: Venturing Activities (Period 3, March 6, 2004) Hudson Valley Councils University of Scouting Walter Godshall Jeremy J. Kuhar 162 North Main Street 457 South Main Road Mountaintop, PA 18707 Mountaintop, PA 18707 (H) 570.474.6968 (H) 570.678.7554 [email protected] [email protected] 1. Official National Boy Scout Literature Here’s Venturing Venturing Leader Manual Passport to High Adventure Troop Program Features Venturer Handbook Ranger Guidebook Quest Handbook Discovering Adventure Scouting Magazine Boy’s Life 2. Climbing Gyms Wilkes-Barre Rocks (570.824.7633, www.wbcg.net) nd o 102 –104 (2 Floor) South Main Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18701 Cathedral Rock & Roll (610.311.8822) st o 226 South 1 Street, Lehighton, PA 18701 3. Skiing Montage Mountain Scout Nights o Tuesday –Sean (570.676.3337), Reservations by 9 PM Mondays o Thursday –Felix (570.678.5589), Reservations by 9 PM Tuesdays 4. West Point Sports Tickets (1.877.TIX.ARMY, www.goARMYsports.com) Lake Fredrick Camping (845.938.3601) Protestant Chapel (845.938.2308) Catholic Chapel (845.938.3721) 5. Annapolis Walking Tours (410.263.6933, www.navyonline.com, Fax: 410.263.7682) Sports Tickets (1.800.US.4.NAVY) Chuck Roydhouse (Volunteer, 410.268.0979) Naval Station Camping (410.293.9200) Marilyn Barry (Scout Liaison, 410.293.9200) Naval Station Meals (410.293.9117) 6. Minsi Trails Council, BSA (610.264.8551, www.minsitrails.com) P.O. Box 20624, Lehigh Valley, PA 18001-0624 8 Minsi Trails Historic Hikes 7. York Adams Area Council, BSA (717.843.0901, www.yaac-bsa.org) 2139 White Street, York, PA 17404 Gettysburg Historic Trail York City Historic Trail 8. -
The STC 50Th Anniversary
Fall/Winter 2017 The STC 50th Anniversary By Wanda Shirk A five-mile hike on a perfect October afternoon preceded The Susquehannock Trail Club (STC) is now an official the evening program. Eight hikers-- Wayne Baumann, quinquagenarian! Five decades ago, the Constitution of Bob Bernhardy, Pat Childs, Mike Knowlton, Janet Long, the club was approved unanimously by 19 charter mem- Ginny Musser, Valorie Patillo, and Wanda Shirk—left the bers on October 18, 1967. Fifty years later to the day, on lodge at 2 PM hiking up the Billy Brown Trail, across the Wednesday, October 18, 2017, current club members Ridge Trail segment of the STS. The hikers returned to gathered at the same location to commemorate the club’s the lodge by 4:30 PM via the Wil and Betty Ahn Trail. founding, and to celebrate five decades of maintaining the Back at the lodge, four other members were busily en- Susquehannock Trail System (STS) and its associated link gaged. Helen Bernhardy created a photo board, Penny trails and crossover trails. Weinhold decorated the tables and dining area, Curt Fifty-eight members attended the celebration at the Sus- Weinhold set up a 14-minute slide show which ran contin- quehannock Lodge, including 53 who packed the dining uously on a 28-inch computer screen throughout the even- room to enjoy excellent prime rib, salmon, or stuffed pork ing, and Lois Morey displayed the club’s array of maps, chops, and four more members who prepared and served guidebooks, patches, shirts, and jackets, along with some the meal—and washed the dishes! Valorie Patillo, Chuck historical materials.