Values of Betawi Ethnic Local Wisdom As a Source of Geographic Teaching Materials
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The 2nd International Conference on Elementary Education Volume 2 Nomor 1, ISBN 978-623-7776-07-9 ICEE-2 Values of Betawi Ethnic Local Wisdom as a Source of Geographic Teaching Materials Pref Bambang Tawakal1, Enok Maryani2, Nandi3 1,2,3 Postgraduate School, Indonesia Education University, Bandung, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract. Betawi Ethnic local wisdom is the value of knowledge gained in response to the natural challenges faced. The Jakarta area is actually a fertile region and is very suitable for agriculture, so that the values of Betawi Ethnic local wisdom cannot be separated from the natural picture of the mind around agriculture which has undergone many changes. Understanding the values of local wisdom in interacting with daily life is believed by many parties to be able to keep the atmosphere of disharmony towards an atmosphere of harmony amid an increasingly complex circle of diversity. Local wisdom as a form of Betawi ethnic intelligence can be a guide to high-value social life in the current era of globalization. The local wisdom values of Betawi Ethnic can be integrated in learning, as one of the teaching materials in the effort to form and strengthen the nation's character based on local culture. Keywords : Geography, Teaching Materials, Betawi Ethnic Local Wisdom INTRODUCTION ~ In its development, population density in this region, at that the Betawi ethnic group grew in time can already be said to be high. numbers and occupied several areas in Based on its economic level, Betawi what is now Jakarta. According to people living in this area can be said to Suswandari (2009), it is stated about the be “Gedongan People”. They have a classification of Betawi people based better life. on their place of residence, namely: 1. 2. Betawi Pinggiran Betawi Tengah, 2. Betawi Pinggiran, 3. Betawi Udik, and 4. Betawi Pesisir with Those who are called the Betawi the following regional divisions : Pinggiran inhabit areas around agriculture from Pasar Rebo, Pasar 1. Betawi Tengah Minggu, Pulo Gadung, Cilincing, Betawi communities included in the Kebayoran Lama, Condet, Mampang Betawi Tengah category include the Prapatan, Cengkareng, and Kebon Gambir, Menteng, Senen, Kemayoran, Jeruk. This area is a suburb. Most people Sawah Besar, Taman Sari, Tanah live from agriculture because their Abang, and Jatinegara areas. territory is fertile and has a lot of water. According to the typology of the This view of education was not a priority village, the Betawi Tengah region is for the Betawi Pinggiran at that time. included as a village in the city 3. Betawi Udik because it is located close to the centers of the crowd, both the Includes Cengkareng, Tangerang, government center and the economic Ceper, Ciledug, Ciputat, Sawangan, and social center. The level of Global Perspective on 21st Elementary Education Page 251 The 2nd International Conference on Elementary Education Volume 2 Nomor 1, ISBN 978-623-7776-07-9 ICEE-2 Cimanggis, Pondok Gede, Bekasi, publication of the 1984 Joint Cilandak, Kramat Jati, and Cakung Committee on Geographic Education areas. The area is a rural area and Guidelines for Geographic Education bordered by Sundanese – speaking was an important event in the national areas. In a note Suswandari (2009) reform movement in geography Betawi Udik divided into two groups. education. It also contains a section The first group was influenced by that outlines basic social study skills and Sundanese culture, living in the East and suggests strategies that teachers can South of Jakarta, Bekasi and Bogor. The use to analyze geographical second group of Betawi who are information which in turn can be used influenced by Chinese culture, live in by students to ask questions about and North and West Jakarta and finally find solutions to questions or Tangerang. social problems. 4. Betawi Pesisir Geography is an integrated scientific discipline in the study of social sciences Includes areas around Teluk Naga, and physical sciences, which enables Mauk, Japad, Tanjung Priok, Marunda, students to apply geography Kalapa, and the Thousand Islands. knowledge and skills to various life Based on the typology of the village, situations, both at home and outside the Betawi Pesisir area is included in the the home environment. By studying Rawa or Marsland village, because it is geography in social studies (Social a swamp and pond area, including the Education) is intended to solve existing North Jakarta and Pluit areas. problems in life and the environment. Geography studies the similarities and METHOD differences in the surface of the earth The method used in this study, namely from the point of view of territoriality using Literature Studies, both Primary and environment in spatial contexts Literature and Secondary Literature (Effendi, Sapriya, and Maftuh, 2009). derived from the results of research and The object of geography study is the books related to this research. geosphere which consists of the DISCUSSION atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere which A. Geography and Geography are studied in spatial, environmental, Concepts and territorial approaches. According Geography is an eclectic subject that to Richard and James (1994) the five ranges from physics to social science as themes are not intended to be well as arts and humanities. The definitive and complete explanations of Global Perspective on 21st Elementary Education Page 252 The 2nd International Conference on Elementary Education Volume 2 Nomor 1, ISBN 978-623-7776-07-9 ICEE-2 geography as a field of study. The basic namely instructors (teachers), learners theme is the theme for organizing (students) and teaching materials geographic content in a format that is (Anwar, 2012). The role of teaching comfortable and can be widely materials is as written explanation adapted. material related to the oral explanation of the teacher. Descriptions and Geography, like many other disciplines, information that must be submitted by defies a simple definition. The five the teacher are compiled into a themes do not represent the new teaching material. Teaching materials geographical taxonomy. Although one or instructional materials generally can argue that location and place consist of knowledge, skills and attitudes knowledge must logically precede the that students must learn in order to relationship between humans - the achieve predetermined competency environment, movement, and territory. standards. In detail, the types of That is not always the best approach so learning materials consist of knowledge it must be with student learning about (facts, concepts, principles, location and place. procedures), skills, and attitudes or values (Depdiknas, 2006 : 3). Another approach starts with other complicated concepts, such as global Teaching material is a set of learning interdependence, and then integrates material or substance that is regions, movements and places. Each systematically arranged, and displays in theme, as well as the overall theme full the competencies that will be framework, can be applied at various mastered by students in learning scales, from local, international to activities (Nasution, 1992 : 205). In line global. Combined as a content with that, Mudlofar (2012 : 129) stated manager, the five themes demonstrate that teaching materials are all kinds of the coherent nature of geography materials used to help teachers or through exposure to its spatial instructors in carrying out teaching and dimensions. The geographical (spatial) learning activities. reality of the world is such that most geographical problems, topics, and Prastowo (2014 : 17) in his book entitled problems involve at least some, if not creative guide to making innovative all, five themes that cover the study of teaching materials mentioned that the geosphere. teaching materials are all materials (both information, tools, and texts) that B. Use of Teaching Materials in Learning are arranged systematically which displays a complete figure of The teaching and learning process has competencies that will be mastered by three main components involved in it, Global Perspective on 21st Elementary Education Page 253 The 2nd International Conference on Elementary Education Volume 2 Nomor 1, ISBN 978-623-7776-07-9 ICEE-2 students and used in learning process became a basic value for the life of the with the aim to plan and study the Betawi people. Betawi people always implementation of learning. Gofur give priority to religious teachings in (2004) explains that teaching materials their lives. The philosophy of life of the are knowledge, skills and attitudes that Betawi people is "kids still learning the must be taught by teachers and Qur’an, adolescents learning pencak delivered to students. Toto (2009) silat (martial arts), and old pilgrimage explains that teaching material is a set (Hajj)". An understanding of religious of systematically compiled material knowledge is a major competency for used to assist teachers in carrying out Betawi people. In fact, the figure of a learning activities and allows students to pious person gets a high position in the learn Explanation of the teaching social structure of society. Their role in materials above, it can be concluded society often overcomes formal leaders, that teaching materials are all forms of because what they say is always written teaching materials or unwritten obeyed by the Betawi people. contains a set of materials containing 2. Values of Local Wisdom Related to learning, methods, limitations and ways Nature / The Environment